Oregon State Standards for Mathematics:

OR.K.1. Number and Operations and Algebra: Represent, compare, and order whole numbers, and join and separate sets.

K.1.1. Read and write whole numbers to 10.

K.1.2. Connect numbers, including written numerals, to the quantities they represent, using various physical models and representations.

K.1.3. Count forward by ones beginning with any number less than 30; count backward by ones beginning with any number 10 or less.

K.1.4. Recognize the number of objects in a small set (such as the arrangements of dots on a number cube) without counting.

K.1.5. Count objects in a set using one-to-one correspondence and produce sets of given sizes.

K.1.6. Compare and order sets or numerals by using both cardinal and ordinal meanings.

K.1.7. Model simple joining and separating situations and represent them with objects, pictures, and/or numerals.

K.1.8. Choose, combine, and apply effective strategies for solving joining and separating problems.

K.1.9. Identify, duplicate, and extend simple number patterns and sequential and growing patterns (e.g., patterns made with shapes).

OR.K.2. Geometry: Describe shapes and space.

K.2.1. Identify, name, and describe basic two-dimensional shapes (e.g., square, circle, triangle, rectangle, regular hexagon) presented in a variety of ways (e.g., with different sizes or orientations).

K.2.2. Identify, name, and describe basic three-dimensional shapes (e.g., sphere, cube, and cylinder).

K.2.3. Use basic shapes and spatial reasoning to describe and model objects in their environment, and to construct more complex shapes.

OR.K.3. Measurement: Compare and order objects by attributes.

K.3.1. Identify the measurable attributes (e.g., length, weight) and non-measurable attributes (e.g., color) of an object.

K.3.2. Compare, sort, and order objects according to measurable (e.g., longest to shortest, lightest to heaviest) and non-measurable (e.g., color, texture) attributes.

K.3.3. Compare the lengths of two objects both directly (by comparing them with each other) and indirectly (by comparing both with a third object).

OR.1.1. Number and Operations: Develop an understanding of whole number relationships, including grouping in tens and ones.

1.1.1. Compare and order whole numbers to 100.

1.1.2. Represent whole numbers on a number line, demonstrating an understanding of the sequential order of the counting numbers and their relative magnitudes.

1.1.3. Count and group objects in tens and ones.

1.1.4. Identify the number of tens and ones in whole numbers between 10 and 100, especially recognizing the numbers 10 to 19 as 1 group of ten and a particular number of ones.

1.1.5. Determine the value of collections of pennies, nickels, and dimes.

OR.1.2. Number and Operations and Algebra: Develop understandings of addition and subtraction and strategies for basic addition facts and related subtraction facts.

1.2.1. Model ''part-whole,'' ''adding to,'' ''taking away from,'' and ''comparing'' situations to develop an understanding of the meanings of addition and subtraction.

1.2.2. Develop and use efficient strategies for adding and subtracting whole numbers using a variety of models, including discrete objects, length-based models (e.g., lengths of connecting cubes) and number lines.

1.2.3. Apply with fluency sums to 10 and related subtraction facts.

1.2.4. Use the concept of commutative [4 + 2 = 2 + 4], associative [(4 + 3) + 7 = 4 + (3 + 7)], and identity [0 + 3 = 3] properties of addition to solve problems involving basic facts.

1.2.5. Relate addition and subtraction as inverse operations.

1.2.6. Identify, create, extend, and supply a missing element in number patterns involving addition or subtraction by a single-digit number.

OR.1.3. Geometry: Compose and decompose two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes.

1.3.1. Describe geometric attributes of shapes (e.g., round, corners, sides) to determine how they are alike and different.

1.3.2. Recognize and create shapes that are congruent or have symmetry.

1.3.3. Compose and decompose shapes (e.g., cut a square into two right triangles and put two cubes together to make a rectangular prism), thus building an understanding of part-whole relationships as well as the properties of the original and composite shapes.

1.3.4. Recognize shapes when viewed from different perspectives and orientations.

OR.2.1. Number and Operations: Develop an understanding of the base-ten numeration system and place-value concepts.

2.1.1. Write, compare, and order whole numbers to 1000.

2.1.2. Understand and apply base-ten numeration, and count in multiples of one, two, five, ten, and one hundred.

2.1.3. Compose and decompose whole numbers less than one thousand by place value (e.g., 426 as 4 hundreds + 2 tens + 6 ones and 400 + 20 + 6).

2.1.4. Use place value and properties of operations to find and use equivalent representations of numbers (such as 35 represented by 35 ones, 3 tens and 5 ones, or 2 tens and 15 ones).

OR.2.2. Number and Operations and Algebra: Develop fluency with addition facts and related subtraction facts, and with multi-digit addition and subtraction.

2.2.1. Apply, with fluency, sums to 20 and related subtraction facts.

2.2.2. Solve multi-digit whole number problems by applying various meanings (e.g., taking away, and comparing) and models (e.g., combining or separating sets, using number lines, and hundreds charts) of addition and subtraction.

2.2.3. Develop fluency with efficient procedures for adding and subtracting multi-digit whole numbers and understand why the procedures work on the basis of place value and number properties.

2.2.4. Select and apply efficient methods to estimate sums and differences or calculate them mentally depending on the numbers and context involved.

2.2.5. Determine the value of mixed collections of coins to $1.00.

OR.2.3. Measurement: Develop an understanding of linear measurement and facility in measuring.

2.3.1. Determine length by finding the total number of equal-length units that are placed end-to-end without gaps or overlaps.

2.3.2. Apply concepts of partitioning (the mental activity of slicing the length of an object into equal-sized units) and transitivity (e.g., if object A is longer than object B and object B is longer than object C, then object A is longer than object C).

2.3.3. Demonstrate an understanding that using different measurement units will result in different numerical measurements for the same object.

2.3.4. Explain the need for equal length units and the use of standard units of measure.

2.3.5. Use rulers and other measurement tools to estimate and measure length in common units (e.g., centimeter and inch).

2.3.6. Use the measurement process: choose an appropriate measurement unit, compare that unit to the object, and report the number of units.

2.3.7. Demonstrate an understanding of time and use of time relationships (e.g., how many minutes in an hour, days in a week, and months in a year).

2.3.8. Tell time in increments of five minutes using analog and digital clocks.

OR.3.1. Number and Operations: Develop an understanding of fractions and fraction equivalence.

3.1.1. Represent common fractions (e.g., halves, thirds, fourths, tenths) as equal parts of a whole, parts of a set, or points or distances on a number line.

3.1.2. Recognize and demonstrate that sizes of fractional parts are relative to the size of the whole.

3.1.3. Use fractions to represent numbers that are equal to, less than, or greater than one.

3.1.4. Solve problems that involve comparing and ordering fractions by using models, benchmarks (0, 1/2, 1), or common numerators or denominators.

3.1.5. Identify equivalent fractions using models, including the number line.

3.1.6. Add common fractions with like denominators.

OR.3.2. Number and Operations, Algebra, and Data Analysis: Develop understandings of multiplication and division, and strategies for basic multiplication facts and related division facts.

3.2.1. Represent and apply the concept of multiplication as repeated addition.

3.2.2. Represent and apply the concept of division as repeated subtraction and forming equal groups.

3.2.3. Apply models of multiplication (e.g., equal-sized groups, arrays, area models, equal ''jumps'' on number lines and hundreds charts) and division (e.g., repeated subtraction, partitioning, and sharing) to solve problems.

3.2.4. Apply increasingly sophisticated strategies based on the number properties (e.g., place value, commutative, associative, distributive, identity, and zero) to solve multiplication and division problems involving basic facts.

3.2.5. Apply the inverse relationship between multiplication and division (e.g., 5 x 6 = 30, 30 / 6 = 5) and the relationship between multiples and factors.

3.2.6. Represent, analyze and extend number patterns using rules that involve multiplication and/or addition (e.g., {3, 6, 9, 12, . . . }, .{1, 2, 4, 8, . . . } ).

3.2.7. Analyze frequency tables, bar graphs, picture graphs, and line plots; and use them to solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

OR.3.3. Geometry and Measurement: Describe and analyze properties of two-dimensional shapes, including perimeters.

3.3.1. Identify right angles in two-dimensional shapes and determine if angles are greater than or less than a right angle (obtuse and acute).

3.3.2. Identify, describe, compare, analyze, and informally classify triangles by their sides and angles.

3.3.3. Identify, describe, compare, analyze, and classify quadrilaterals (square, rectangle, parallelogram, rhombus, and trapezoid) by their sides and angles.

3.3.4. Identify, describe, and compare pentagons, hexagons, and octagons by the number of sides or angles.

3.3.5. Investigate and describe the results of decomposing, combining, and transforming polygons to make other polygons.

3.3.6. Build, draw, and analyze two-dimensional shapes to understand attributes and properties of two-dimensional space.

3.3.7. Determine an appropriate unit, tool, or strategy to find the perimeter of polygons.

3.3.8. Use attributes and properties of two-dimensional shapes to solve problems including applications involving parallel and perpendicular lines, congruence, symmetry, and perimeter.

OR.4.1. Number and Operations: Develop an understanding of decimals, including the connections between fractions and decimals.

4.1.1. Extend the base-ten system to read, write, and represent decimal numbers (to the hundredths) between 0 and 1, between 1 and 2, etc.

4.1.2. Use models to connect and compare equivalent fractions and decimals.

4.1.3. Determine decimal equivalents or approximations of common fractions.

4.1.4. Compare and order fractions and decimals.

4.1.5. Estimate decimal or fractional amounts in problem solving.

4.1.6. Represent money amounts to $10.00 in dollars and cents, and apply to situations involving purchasing ability and making change.

OR.4.2. Number and Operations and Algebra: Develop fluency with multiplication facts and related division facts, and with multi-digit whole number multiplication.

4.2.1. Apply with fluency multiplication facts to 10 times 10 and related division facts.

4.2.2. Apply understanding of models for multiplication (e.g., equal-sized groups, arrays, area models, equal intervals on the number line), place value, and properties of operations (commutative, associative, and distributive).

4.2.3. Select and use appropriate estimation strategies for multiplication (e.g., use benchmarks, overestimate, underestimate, round) to calculate mentally based on the problem situation when computing with whole numbers.

4.2.4. Develop and use accurate, efficient, and generalizable methods to multiply multi-digit whole numbers.

4.2.5. Develop fluency with efficient procedures for multiplying multi-digit whole numbers and justify why the procedures work on the basis of place value and number properties.

OR.4.3. Measurement: Develop an understanding of area and determine the areas of two-dimensional shapes.

4.3.1. Recognize area as an attribute of two-dimensional regions.

4.3.2. Determine area by finding the total number of same-sized units of area that cover a shape without gaps or overlaps.

4.3.3. Recognize a square that is one unit on a side as the standard unit for measuring area.

4.3.4. Determine the appropriate units, strategies, and tools to solving problems that involve estimating or measuring area.

4.3.5. Connect area measure to the area model used to represent multiplication and use this to justify the formula for area of a rectangle.

4.3.6. Find the areas of complex shapes that can be subdivided into rectangles.

4.3.7. Solve problems involving perimeters and areas of rectangles and squares.

4.3.8. Recognize that rectangles with the same area can have different perimeters and that rectangles with the same perimeter can have different areas.

OR.5.1. Number and Operations and Data Analysis: Develop an understanding of and fluency with addition and subtraction of fractions and decimals.

5.1.1. Use fraction models to represent the addition and subtraction of fractions with unlike denominators.

5.1.2. Use decimal models, place value, and number properties to add and subtract decimals (to the thousandths).

5.1.3. Select and use appropriate strategies to estimate fraction and decimal sums and differences.

5.1.4. Develop fluency with efficient procedures for adding and subtracting fractions and decimals and justify why the procedures work.

5.1.5. Solve problems involving the addition and subtraction of fractions and decimals.

5.1.6. Use ordered pairs on coordinate graphs to specify locations and describe paths.

5.1.7. Construct and analyze double bar, line, and circle graphs to solve problems involving fractions and decimals.

OR.5.2. Number and Operations and Algebra: Develop an understanding of and fluency with division of whole numbers.

5.2.1. Apply understanding of models for division (e.g., equal-sized groups, arrays, area models, equal intervals on the number line) and the relationship of division to multiplication to solve problems.

5.2.2. Apply concepts of place value and the properties of operations to solve problems involving division.

5.2.3. Select and use appropriate estimation strategies for division (e.g., use benchmarks, overestimate, underestimate, round) to calculate mentally based on the problem situation when computing with whole numbers.

5.2.4. Develop and use accurate, efficient, and generalizable methods to find quotients for multi-digit division problems.

5.2.5. Develop fluency with efficient procedures for dividing whole numbers and justify why the procedures work on the basis of place value and number properties.

5.2.6. Determine the most appropriate form of the quotient and interpret the remainder in a problem situation.

OR.5.3. Geometry, Measurement, and Algebra: Describe and relate two-dimensional shapes to three-dimensional shapes and analyze their properties, including volume and surface area.

5.3.1. Identify and classify triangles by their angles (acute, right, obtuse) and sides (scalene, isosceles, equilateral).

5.3.2. Find and justify relationships among the formulas for the areas of triangles and parallelograms.

5.3.3. Describe three-dimensional shapes (triangular and- rectangular prisms, cube, triangular- and square-based pyramids, cylinder, cone, and sphere) by the number of edges, faces, and/or vertices as well as types of faces.

5.3.4. Recognize volume as an attribute of three-dimensional space.

5.3.5. Determine volume by finding the total number of same-sized units of volume that fill a three-dimensional shape without gaps or overlaps.

5.3.6. Recognize a cube that is one unit on an edge as the standard unit for measuring volume.

5.3.7. Determine the appropriate units, strategies, and tools for solving problems that involve estimating or measuring volume.

5.3.8. Decompose three-dimensional shapes and find surface areas and volumes of triangular and rectangular prisms.

5.3.9. Identify and measure necessary attributes of shapes to use area , surface area, and volume formulas to solve problems (e.g., to find which of two gift boxes needs the most wrapping paper or has the greater volume?).

OR.6.1. Number and Operations: Develop an understanding of and fluency with multiplication and division of fractions and decimals.

6.1.1. Select and use appropriate strategies to estimate fraction and decimal products and quotients.

6.1.2. Use and analyze a variety of strategies, including models, for solving problems with multiplication and division of fractions.

6.1.3. Use and analyze a variety of strategies, including models, for solving problems with multiplication and division of decimals.

6.1.4. Develop fluency with efficient procedures for multiplying and dividing fractions and decimals and justify why the procedures work.

6.1.5. Apply the inverse relationship between multiplication and division to make sense of procedures for multiplying and dividing fractions and justify why they work.

6.1.6. Apply the properties of operations to simplify calculations.

6.1.7. Use the relationship between common decimals and fractions to solve problems including problems involving measurement.

OR.6.2. Number and Operations and Probability: Connect ratio, rate, and percent to multiplication and division.

6.2.1. Develop, analyze, and apply the meaning of ratio, rate, and percent to solve problems.

6.2.2. Determine decimal and percent equivalents for common fractions, including approximations.

6.2.3. Understand the meaning of probability and represent probabilities as ratios, decimals, and percents.

6.2.4. Determine simple probabilities, both experimental and theoretical.

6.2.5. Develop the concept of pi as the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

OR.6.3. Algebra: Write, interpret, and use mathematical expressions and equations.

6.3.1. Use order of operations to simplify expressions that may include exponents and grouping symbols.

6.3.2. Develop the meanings and uses of variables.

6.3.3. Write, evaluate, and use expressions and formulas to solve problems.

6.3.4. Identify and represent equivalent expressions (e.g., different ways to see a pattern).

6.3.5. Represent, analyze, and determine relationships and patterns using tables, graphs, words and when possible, symbols.

6.3.6. Recognize that the solutions of an equation are the values of the variables that make the equation true.

6.3.7. Solve one-step equations by using number sense, properties of operations, and the idea of maintaining equality on both sides of an equation.

OR.7.1. Number and Operations and Algebra: Develop an understanding of operations on all rational numbers and solving linear equations.

7.1.1. Develop, analyze, and apply models (including everyday contexts), strategies, and procedures to compute with integers, with an emphasis on negative integers.

7.1.2. Extend knowledge of integers and positive rational numbers to solve problems involving negative rational numbers.

7.1.3. Develop and use strategies to estimate the result of rational number computations and justify the reasonableness of results.

7.1.4. Apply properties of rational numbers and algebra to write and solve linear equations in one variable.

OR.7.2. Number and Operations, Algebra and Geometry: Develop an understanding of and apply proportionality, including similarity.

7.2.1. Represent proportional relationships with coordinate graphs and tables, and identify unit rate as the slope of the related line.

7.2.2. Apply ratio and proportionality to solve problems, including percent and simple probability.

7.2.3. Use coordinate graphs, tables, and equations to distinguish proportional relationships from other relationships, including inverse proportionality.

7.2.4. Develop and use scale factors and proportional relationships to solve problems, including similarity and congruence.

7.2.5. Convert among different units of measurement to solve problems, including rates.

7.2.6. Apply scale factor to analyze how the change in one measure (e.g., length, area, volume) affects another.

OR.7.3. Measurement and Geometry: Develop an understanding of and use formulas to determine surface area and volume.

7.3.1. Use models to explain the reasonableness of formulas for the circumference and area of circles.

7.3.2. Know common estimates of pi and use these values to estimate and calculate the circumference and area of a circle.

7.3.3. Solve problems involving areas and circumferences of circles.

7.3.4. Use models to explain the reasonableness of formulas for the surface area of pyramids and cylinders, and volume of pyramids, cylinders, and cones.

7.3.5. Find and justify relationships among the formulas for the areas of different polygons when determining surface area.

7.3.6. Solve problems involving surface areas of pyramids and cylinders and volumes of pyramids, cylinders, and cones.

7.3.7. Estimate and compute the area and volume of complex or irregular shapes by dividing them into basic shapes.

OR.8.1. Algebra: Analyze and represent linear functions, and solve linear equations and systems of linear equations.

8.1.1. Translate among contextual, verbal, tabular, graphical, and algebraic representations of linear functions.

8.1.2. Determine the slope of a line and understand that it is a constant rate of change.

8.1.3. Identify and interpret the properties (i.e. slope, intercepts, continuity, and discreteness) of linear relationships as they are shown in the different representations and recognize proportional relationships ( y/x = k or y = kx ) as a special case.

8.1.4. Use linear functions and equations to represent, analyze and solve problems, and to make predictions and inferences.

8.1.5. Relate systems of two linear equations in two variables and their solutions to pairs of lines that are intersecting, parallel, or the same line.

8.1.6. Use informal strategies (e.g., graphs or tables) to solve problems involving systems of linear equations in two variables.

OR.8.2. Data Analysis and Algebra: Analyze and summarize data sets.

8.2.1. Organize and display data (e.g., histograms, box-and-whisker plots, scatter plots) to pose and answer questions; and justify the reasonableness of the choice of display.

8.2.2. Use measures of center and spread to summarize and compare data sets.

8.2.3. Interpret and analyze displays of data and descriptive statistics.

8.2.4. Compare descriptive statistics and evaluate how changes in data affect those statistics.

8.2.5. Describe the strengths and limitations of a particular statistical measure, and justify or critique its use in a given situation.

8.2.6. Use sample data to make predictions regarding a population.

8.2.7. Identify claims based on statistical data and evaluate the reasonableness of those claims.

8.2.8. Use data to estimate the likelihood of future events and evaluate the reasonableness of predictions.

OR.8.3. Geometry and Measurement: Analyze two- and three-dimensional spaces and figures by using distance and angle.

8.3.1. Use properties of parallel lines, transversals, and angles to find missing sides and angles, and to solve problems including determining similarity or congruence of triangles.

8.3.2. Use models to show that the sum of the angles of any triangle is 180 degrees and apply this fact to find unknown angles.

8.3.3. Use models and logical arguments to show that the sum of the angles of any quadrilateral is 360 degrees, and apply this fact to find unknown angles.

8.3.4. Use models to explore the validity of the Pythagorean Theorem, and use it to find missing lengths.

8.3.5. Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to find distances in a variety of 2- and 3-dimensional contexts, including distances on coordinate graphs.

8.3.6. Use models and referents to explore and estimate square roots.

OR.H.A. Algebra

H.1A. Algebra and Numeracy: Demonstrate a deep understanding of real numbers and algebraic symbols by fluently creating, manipulating, computing with, and determining equivalent expressions, both numeric and symbolic.

H.1A.1. Compare, order, and locate real numbers on a number line.

H.1A.2. Evaluate, compute with, and determine equivalent numeric and algebraic expressions with real numbers and variables that may also include absolute value, integer exponents, square roots, pi, and/or scientific notation.

H.1A.3. Express square roots in equivalent radical form and their decimal approximations when appropriate.

H.1A.4. Develop, identify, and/or justify equivalent algebraic expressions, equations, and inequalities using the properties of exponents, equality and inequality, as well as the commutative, associative, inverse, identity, and distributive properties.

H.1A.5. Factor quadratic expressions limited to factoring common monomial terms, perfect-square trinomials, differences of squares, and quadratics of the form x^2 + bx + c that factor over the integers.

H.2A. Algebra: Use linear equations and functions to represent relationships and solve linear equations, linear inequalities, systems of linear equations, and systems of linear inequalities.

H.2A.1. Identify, construct, extend, and analyze linear patterns and functional relationships that are expressed contextually, numerically, algebraically, graphically, in tables, or using geometric figures.

H.2A.2. Given a rule, a context, two points, a table of values, a graph, or a linear equation in either slope intercept or standard form, identify the slope of the line, determine the x and/or y intercept(s), and interpret the meaning of each.

H.2A.3. Determine the equation of a line given any of the following information: two points on the line, its slope and one point on the line, or its graph. Also, determine an equation of a new line, parallel or perpendicular to a given line, through a given point.

H.2A.4. Fluently convert among representations of linear relationships given in the form of a graph of a line, a table of values, or an equation of a line in slope-intercept and standard form.

H.2A.5. Given a linear function, interpret and analyze the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Solve for x given f(x) or solve for f(x) given x.

H.2A.6. Analyze how changing the parameters transforms the graph of f (x) =mx + b.

H.2A.7. Write, use, and solve linear equations and inequalities using graphical and symbolic methods with one or two variables. Represent solutions on a coordinate graph or number line.

H.2A.8. Solve systems of two linear equations graphically and algebraically, and solve systems of two linear inequalities graphically.

H.3A. Algebra: Use quadratic and exponential equations and functions to represent relationships.

H.3A.1. Given a quadratic or exponential function, identify or determine a corresponding table or graph.

H.3A.2. Given a table or graph that represents a quadratic or exponential function, extend the pattern to make predictions.

H.3A.3. Compare the characteristics of and distinguish among linear, quadratic, and exponential functions that are expressed in a table of values, a sequence, a context, algebraically, and/or graphically, and interpret the domain and range of each as it applies to a given context.

H.3A.4. Given a quadratic or exponential function, interpret and analyze the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, and evaluate the function for specific values of the domain.

H.3A.5. Given a quadratic equation of the form x^2 + bx + c = 0 with integral roots, determine and interpret the roots, the vertex of the parabola that is the graph of y = x^2 + bx + c, and an equation of its axis of symmetry graphically and algebraically.

OR.H.G. Geometry

H.1G. Geometry: Apply properties of two-dimensional figures.

H.1G.1. Identify, apply, and analyze angle relationships among two or more lines and a transversal to determine if lines are parallel, perpendicular, or neither.

H.1G.2. Apply theorems, properties, and definitions to determine, identify, and justify congruency or similarity of triangles and to classify quadrilaterals.

H.1G.3. Apply theorems of corresponding parts of congruent and similar figures to determine missing sides and angles of polygons.

H.1G.4. Use trigonometric ratios (sine, cosine and tangent) and the Pythagorean Theorem to solve for unknown lengths in right triangles.

H.1G.5. Determine the missing dimensions, angles, or area of regular polygons, quadrilaterals, triangles, circles, composite shapes, and shaded regions.

H.1G.6. Determine if three given lengths form a triangle. If the given lengths form a triangle, classify it as acute, right, or obtuse.

H.1G.7. In problems involving circles, apply theorems and properties of chords, tangents, and angles; and theorems and formulas of arcs and sectors.

H.2G. Geometry: Apply properties of three-dimensional solids.

H.2G.1. Identify, classify, model, sketch, and label representations of three-dimensional objects from nets and from different perspectives.

H.2G.2. Identify and apply formulas for surface area and volume of spheres; right solids, including rectangular prisms and pyramids; cones; and cylinders; and compositions thereof. Solve related context-based problems.

H.2G.3. Identify and apply formulas to solve for the missing dimensions of spheres and right solids, including rectangular prisms and pyramids, cones, and cylinders, both numerically and symbolically.

H.3G. Geometry: Transform and analyze figures.

H.3G.1. Recognize and identify line and rotational symmetry of two-dimensional figures.

H.3G.2. Identify and perform single and composite transformations of geometric figures in a plane, including translations, origin-centered dilations, reflections across either axis or y = +/- x, and rotations about the origin in multiples of 90 degrees.

H.3G.3. Apply a scale factor to determine similar two- and three-dimensional figures, are similar. Compare and compute their respective areas and volumes of similar figures.

H.3G.4. Apply slope, distance, and midpoint formulas to solve problems in a coordinate plane.

OR.H.S. Statistics

H.1S. Data Analysis: Analyze and interpret empirical data.

H.1S.1. Given a context, determine appropriate survey methods, analyze the strengths and limitations of a particular survey, observational study, experiment, or simulation, and the display of its data.

H.1S.2. Evaluate data-based reports by considering the source of the data, the design of the study, and the way the data was analyzed and displayed.

H.1S.3. Compare and draw conclusions about two or more data sets using graphical displays or central tendencies and range.

H.1S.4. Use or construct a scatter plot for a given data set, determine whether there is a (n) linear, quadratic, exponential, or no trend. If linear, determine if there is a positive or negative correlation among the data; and, if appropriate, sketch a line of best fit, and use it to make predictions.

H.1S.5. Construct, analyze, and interpret tables, scatter plots, frequency distributions, and histograms of data sets.

H.2S. Probability: Apply basic principles of probability.

H.2S.1. Identify, analyze, and use experimental and theoretical probability to estimate and calculate the probability of simple events.

H.2S.2. Determine the sample space of a probability experiment.

H.2S.3. Compute and interpret probabilities for independent, dependent, complementary, and compound events using various methods (e.g., diagrams, tables, area models, and counting techniques).

OR.A.A. Advanced Algebra

A.A.1. Relations and Functions: Analyze functions and relations (e.g. polynomial, absolute value, rational, radical, logarithmic, exponential, algebraic, piece-wise, and step functions).

A.A.1.1. Demonstrate an understanding of the concept of a function, use function notation, evaluate a function, determine whether or not a given relation is a function and determine whether or not a given function is one-to-one.

A.A.1.2. Determine the domain and range of a relation including those with restricted domains.

A.A.1.3. Represent a given relation in multiple ways and convert between each representation.

A.A.1.4. Determine whether a given relation is even, odd or neither and what this means in predicting behaviors.

A.A.1.5. Analyze the effect on the graph of a relation by changing its parameters and perform a given transformation.

A.A.1.6. Determine, verify, and graph the inverse of a function or relation (if it exists) and understand the reversing roles of domain and range.

A.A.1.7. Determine the composition of inverse functions and whether or not it is one-to-one.

A.A.1.8. Perform arithmetic operations on functions and determine the composition of functions.

A.A.1.9. Analyze the reciprocal of a function or relation.

A.A.1.10. Collect and analyze data to make predictions and to investigate scatterplots and to determine the equation for a curve of best fit including linear, power, exponential, and logarithmic functions.

A.A.1.11. Connect the relationships among the solution of an equation, zero of a function, x-intercept of a graph and the factors of a polynomial expression.

A.A.1.12. Find the x and y-intercepts of a function if they exist.

A.A.1.13. Identify, distinguish between, and describe the characteristics of the following functions in tabular, verbal, graphical or symbolic form: polynomial, power, absolute value, rational, radical, logarithmic, exponential, algebraic, piecewise, and step.

A.A.2. Inequalities, Piece-wise Functions, and Absolute Value Functions: Model and analyze piece-wise and absolute value functions. Solve inequalities and absolute value equations.

A.A.2.1. Graph, solve, and analyze inequalities in two variables.

A.A.2.2. Graph and analyze piece-wise functions.

A.A.2.3. Graph, solve, and analyze absolute value equations and inequalities.

A.A.3. Quadratic functions and other Conic Sections: Model and analyze quadratic functions. Solve quadratic equations and problems involving conics.

A.A.3.1. Perform operations on complex numbers and represent, apply and discuss the properties of complex numbers.

A.A.3.2. Derive the quadratic formula.

A.A.3.3. Solve quadratic equations using the zero product property, completing the square, the quadratic formula, and graphing.

A.A.3.4. Graph and analyze quadratic functions and relate the zeros to the discriminant.

A.A.3.5. Construct and solve quadratic inequalities in one and two variables.

A.A.3.6. Solve problems relating to conic sections including systems of equations and inequalities involving conics.

A.A.3.7. Graph and analyze equations of conic sections.

A.A.3.8. Determine conic equations from graphs or data.

A.A.4. Polynomial Functions: Model and analyze polynomial functions. Solve polynomial equations.

A.A.4.1. Perform operations on polynomial expressions.

A.A.4.2. Analyze and calculate permutations, combinations, and other systematic counting methods.

A.A.4.3. Understand and apply the binomial theorem and/or Pascal's triangle to expand binomial expressions.

A.A.4.4. Apply long (or synthetic) division, the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, Descartes Rule of Signs, the Intermediate Value Theorem and the Rational Root Theorem to analyze and/or determine the roots of a polynomial.

A.A.4.5. Find approximate solutions for polynomial equations using graphing technology.

A.A.4.6. Write a polynomial equation given its real and/or complex solutions.

A.A.4.7. Graph and analyze polynomial functions.

A.A.5. Radical Functions: Model and analyze radical functions. Solve radical equations.

A.A.5.1. Find equivalent expressions using the properties of rational exponents.

A.A.5.2. Perform arithmetic operations to simplify radical expressions.

A.A.5.3. Solve radical equations.

A.A.5.4. Graph and analyze radical functions.

A.A.6. Rational Functions: Model and analyze rational functions. Solve rational equations.

A.A.6.1. Find equivalent representations for rational expressions and identify restrictions.

A.A.6.2. Perform operations on rational expressions.

A.A.6.3. Solve algebraic proportions and rational equations.

A.A.6.4. Graph and analyze rational functions.

A.A.7. Logarithmic and Exponential Functions: Model and analyze logarithmic and exponential functions. Solve logarithmic and exponential equations.

A.A.7.1. Establish the inverse relationship between exponential and logarithmic functions.

A.A.7.2. Prove and apply the basic properties of logarithms.

A.A.7.3. Solve exponential and logarithmic equations.

A.A.7.4. Graph and analyze exponential and logarithmic functions.

A.A.8. Matrices, Systems of Equations and Inequalities: Analyze and apply various methods to graph and solve systems of equations and inequalities.

A.A.8.1. Use matrix operations and properties of matrices to solve problems.

A.A.8.2. Solve systems of linear equations in two or three variables algebraically, graphically, and/or with matrix algebra.

A.A.8.3. Analyze an inconsistent system of equations.

A.A.8.4. Solve systems of linear inequalities by graphing.

A.A.8.5. Interpret, analyze, and solve linear programming problems.

A.A.8.6. Solve nonlinear systems of equations algebraically and graphically, including linear-quadratic and quadratic-quadratic.

A.A.9. Sequences and Series: Analyze and evaluate sequences and series.

A.A.9.1. Define, recognize, and discriminate among arithmetic, geometric and other sequences and series.

A.A.9.2. Find the explicit and recursive formulas for arithmetic and geometric sequences and use these formulas to determine a specific term or term number.

A.A.9.3. Convert between a series and its sigma notation representation.

A.A.9.4. Find partial sums of arithmetic and geometric series and find sums of convergent infinite series.

A.A.9.5. Generate and describe other recursive sequences such as factorials and the Fibonacci sequence.

A.A.10. Parametric Equations: Model and analyze parametric equations.

A.A.10.1. Write and evaluate parametric equations.

A.A.10.2. Relate parametric equations to equivalent rectangular equations.

A.A.10.3. Analyze and describe graphs of parametric equations.

OR.A.T. Advanced Trigonometry

A.T.1. Triangle Trigonometry: Analyze and solve problems involving triangles.

A.T.1.1. Develop and apply the properties of special right triangles.

A.T.1.2. Develop, define, and apply right triangle trigonometric ratios.

A.T.1.3. Develop and apply the Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines.

A.T.1.4. Develop and apply the area formulas of a triangle.

A.T.2. Trigonometric Functions: Develop, apply, and graph the six trigonometric functions and their inverses in radians and degrees.

A.T.2.1. Define the six trigonometric functions, construct the unit circle, and use the unit circle to calculate the exact values of these functions for special angles.

A.T.2.2. Justify the relationship between the tangent of the angle that a line makes with the x-axis and the slope of the line.

A.T.2.3. Evaluate trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions.

A.T.2.4. Construct and analyze graphs of the six trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions.

A.T.2.5. Perform translations of trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions.

A.T.2.6. Solve problems using linear and angular velocity.

A.T.3. Trigonometric Identities and Equations: Derive and apply basic trigonometric identities and solve trigonometric equations.

A.T.3.1. Prove the Pythagorean Identities and other trigonometric identities and apply them to verify other identities and simplify trigonometric expressions.

A.T.3.2. Prove trigonometric identities and make substitutions using the basic identities.

A.T.3.3. Solve trigonometric equations.

A.T.4. Vectors in Two Dimensions: Solve problems involving vectors in the coordinate plane.

A.T.4.1. Perform operations on vectors.

A.T.4.2. Use vectors to model situations and solve problems.

A.T.5. Polar Coordinates and Complex Numbers: Understand and apply polar coordinates and complex numbers and their connection to trigonometric functions.

A.T.5.1. Define polar coordinates, relate them to rectangular coordinates, and fluently convert between the two.

A.T.5.2. Represent equations given in rectangular coordinates in terms of polar coordinates.

A.T.5.3. Graph equations in the polar coordinate plane.

A.T.5.4. Define complex numbers, convert complex numbers to trigonometric form, and multiply complex numbers in trigonometric form.

A.T.5.5. Derive and apply De Moivre's Theorem.

OR.A.D. Advanced Discrete Mathematics

A.D.1. Set Theory: Operate with sets and use set theory to solve problems.

A.D.1.1. Demonstrate understanding of the definitions of set equality, subset and null set.

A.D.1.2. Perform set operations such as union and intersection, difference, and complement.

A.D.1.3. Use Venn diagrams to explore relationships and patterns, and to make arguments about relationships between sets.

A.D.1.4. Demonstrate the ability to create the cross-product or set-theoretic product of two sets.

A.D.2. Relations and Functions: Demonstrate understanding of relations and functions.

A.D.2.1. Determine whether simple examples of discrete functions are injective and/or surjective.

A.D.2.2. Demonstrate ability to interpret examples of simple discrete functions by mapping elements from a discrete domain to a discrete range.

A.D.2.3. Demonstrate ability to produce the subset of the cross product of the domain and image of a relation corresponding to simple examples of relations.

A.D.2.4. Use concepts of reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity to establish that a relation is an equivalence relation.

A.D.2.5. Design simple algorithms such as hashing, checksum or error-correction functions

A.D.3. Modular Arithmetic: Demonstrate understanding of modular arithmetic and its relationship to set theory.

A.D.3.1. Perform modular arithmetic operations.

A.D.3.2. Demonstrate understanding of the relationship of modular arithmetic to two numbers being congruent modulo n.

A.D.3.3. Solve practical problems or develop algorithms using modular arithmetic or congruence relations such as creating error detection codes, calculating greatest common factor, and solving simple coin-change problems.

A.D.4. Graph Theory: Understand how graphs of vertices joined by edges can model relationships and be used to solve a wide variety of problems.

A.D.4.1. Use graphs to model and solve problems such as shortest paths, vertex coloring, critical paths, routing, and scheduling problems.

A.D.4.2. Convert from a graph to an adjacency matrix and vice versa.

A.D.4.3. Use directed graphs, spanning trees, rooted trees, binary trees, or decision trees to solve problems.

A.D.4.4. Demonstrate understanding of algorithms such as depth-first and breadth-first walk of a tree or maximal matching.

A.D.4.5. Use matching or bin-packing techniques to solve optimization and other problems.

A.D.4.6. Compare and contrast different graph algorithms in terms of efficiency and types of problems that can be solved.

A.D.5. Combinatorics and Discrete Probability: Understand and apply fundamental counting techniques in solving combinatorial and probability problems.

A.D.5.1. Produce all combinations and permutations of sets.

A.D.5.2. Calculate the number of combinations and permutations of sets of m items taken n at a time.

A.D.5.3. Apply basic fundamental counting principles such as The Pigeonhole Principle, Multiplication Principle, Addition Principle, and Binomial Theorem to practical problems.

A.D.5.4. Solve probability problems such as conditional probability, probability of simple events, mutually exclusive events, and independent events

A.D.5.5. Find the odds that an event will occur given the probabilities and vice versa.

A.D.6. Sequences and Series: Analyze and evaluate sequences and series.

A.D.6.1. Define, recognize, and discriminate among arithmetic, geometric and other sequences and series.

A.D.6.2. Find the explicit and recursive formulas for arithmetic and geometric sequences and use these formulas to determine a specific term or term number.

A.D.6.3. Convert between a series and its sigma notation representation.

A.D.6.4. Find partial sums of arithmetic and geometric series and find sums of convergent infinite series.

A.D.6.5. Generate and describe other recursive sequences such as factorials and the Fibonacci sequence.

A.D.7. Recurrence, Recursion and Induction: Understand and apply recurrence, recursive, and inductive methods to solve problems.

A.D.7.1. Use recursive and iterative thinking to solve problems such as population growth and decline, exponential functions, problems involving sequential change and compound interest.

A.D.7.2. Use finite differences to solve problems and to find explicit formulas for recurrence relations.

A.D.7.3. Use mathematical induction to prove recurrence relations and concepts in number theory such as sums of infinite integer series, divisibility statements, and parity statements.

A.D.7.4. Use mathematical induction to analyze the validity of an iterative algorithm.

A.D.7.5. Describe arithmetic and geometric sequences recursively.

A.D.7.6. Use understanding of relationship of finite and infinite geometric series, including how the concept of limits connects them.

A.D.7.7. Apply recurrence or recursion to the design and understanding of sorting and searching algorithms.

A.D.7.8. Analyze algorithms for efficiency, including how the number of steps grows as a function of the size of the problem.

A.D.7.9. Compare the efficiency of iterative and recursive solutions of a problem.

A.D.8. Logic: Understand the fundamentals of propositional logic, arguments, and methods of proof.

A.D.8.1. Use truth tables to determine truth values of compounded propositional statements.

A.D.8.2. Find the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of a statement.

A.D.8.3. Determine whether two propositions are logically equivalent.

A.D.8.4. Identify and give examples of undefined terms, definitions, axioms, and theorems.

A.D.8.5. Construct logical arguments using laws of detachment (modus ponens), syllogism, tautology, and contradiction; judge the validity of arguments, and give counterexamples to disprove statements.

A.D.8.6. Use applications of the universal and existential quantifiers to propositional statements.

A.D.8.7. Appropriately select and use methods of deductive, inductive, and indirect proof and determine whether a short proof is logically valid.

A.D.9. Social Choice: Analyze election data to evaluate different election methods and use weighted voting techniques to decide voting power within a group. Understand and use fair division techniques to solve apportionment problems.

A.D.9.1. Use election theory techniques to analyze election data such as majority, plurality, runoff, approval, the Borda method in which points are assigned to preferences, and the Condorcet method in which each pair of candidates is run off head to head.

A.D.9.2. Use fair division techniques to divide continuous objects.

A.D.9.3. Use fair division techniques to solve apportionment problems.

A.D.10. Game Theory: Understand and use game theory methods to solve strictly determined games and non-strictly determined games.

A.D.10.1. Use game theory to solve strictly determined games.

A.D.10.2. Use game theory to solve non-strictly determined games.

A.D.10.3. Use game theory to create models for games.

A.D.10.4. Use game theory to find optimal mixed strategies such as expected values or payoff values.

A.D.11. Coding Theory, Compression and Cryptography: Understand coding of alphabets and simple encryption methods.

A.D.11.1. Use integer functions to encode alphabets and to create error-checking correcting codes.

A.D.11.2. Use permutations, combinations of digraph encoding and affine transformation and hash functions, to create encryption codes.

A.D.11.3. Demonstrate understanding of asymmetric public key cryptography algorithms such as RSA and Diffie-Hellman.

A.D.11.4. Demonstrate understanding of error-detecting and error-correcting codes and data compression through Huffman codes.

A.D.12. Algorithm Design: Understand methods of algorithm design and its relationship to data structures.

A.D.12.1. Designing algorithms using recurrence or iteration.

A.D.12.2. Design algorithms using divide-and-conquer.

A.D.12.3. Design algorithms using recursion.

A.D.12.4. Evaluate the efficiency of an algorithm including the order of complexity of algorithms.

A.D.12.5. Demonstrate understanding of the relationship of set theory, relations, functions, combinatorics, sequences, series, graph theory, and matrices to the design of data structures and algorithms.

A.D.12.6. Demonstrate understanding of the relationship of data structures to the design of algorithms and use this understanding to analyze algorithms.

OR.A.S. Advanced Statistics

A.S.1. Exploratory Data: Analyze summary measures of sets of data.

A.S.1.1. Construct, interpret, and summarize numerical characteristics of univariate data sets to describe patterns and departure from patterns, using measures of center, spread, and position.

A.S.1.2. Compare distributions of univariate data by comparing center and spread, clusters and gaps, outliers, and other unusual features and comparing shapes.

A.S.1.3. Explore bivariate data by analyzing patterns, correlation, linearity, least-squares regression line, residual plots, outliers, influential points, and transformations to achieve linearity.

A.S.1.4. Explore categorical data using frequency tables and bar charts; investigating marginal, joint and conditional relative frequencies; and by comparing distributions.

A.S.2. Sampling and Experimentation: Plan, conduct, and analyze well-designed methods of data collection.

A.S.2.1. Describe the methods of data collection. Evaluate how appropriate each method is relative to the purposes of various types of inquires and hypotheses under investigation given various population distributions.

A.S.2.2. Plan, analyze, and conduct a survey, and/or observational study; describe characteristics of a well-designed and well-conducted survey; explore various sampling methods including investigating sources of bias.

A.S.2.3. Plan, analyze, and conduct an experiment; describe characteristics and components of a well-designed and well-conducted experiment; explore various methods of experimental designs; and associated sources of bias and confounding.

A.S.2.4. Explore the generalizability of results and types of conclusions that can be drawn from observational studies, experiments, and surveys. Understand when each method is most appropriate, and explain the differences between the three methods.

A.S.3. Anticipating Patterns: Understand how probability can be applied as a tool used for anticipating what the distribution of data should look like under a given model.

A.S.3.1. Analyze probability by exploring such topics as ''Law of Large Numbers,'' addition and multiplication rule, conditional probability and independence, discrete random variables and their probability distributions, simulations of random behavior and mean, standard deviation, and learn how to select appropriate linear transformations of a random variable.

A.S.3.2. Explore the independence versus dependence of two random variables. Determine the mean and standard deviation for sum or difference of independent random variables.

A.S.3.3. Analyze the properties of the normal distribution; uses tables of the normal distribution; and explore a normal distribution as a model for measurements.

A.S.3.4. Explore sampling distributions to include: sampling distribution of a sample of proportion and mean; Binomial Distribution and Geometric Distribution; applying the Central Limit Theorem; investigating sampling distributions of a difference between two independent sample proportions and means; simulating a sampling distribution and; applying t-distributions and Chi-square distributions to the analysis of samples.

A.S.4. Statistical Inference: Estimate population parameters and test hypotheses.

A.S.4.1. Investigate the following: estimating population parameters, margins of error, confidence intervals, and properties of point estimators.

A.S.4.2. Explain the logic, meaning, and properties of confidence intervals and meaning of confidence levels. Apply this understanding to large sample confidence intervals for a: proportion, difference between two proportions, mean, difference between two means, and slope of a least-squares regression line.

A.S.4.3. Explain the logic of significance testing, null and alternative hypotheses; p-values; one-and two-sided tests; concepts of Type I and Type II errors; concept of power.

A.S.4.4. Apply various large sample tests for a proportion - i.e. difference between two proportions, mean, difference between two means, Chi-square test, and slope of a least squares regression line.

A.S.4.5. Understand how to read the results of a regression, and use this to make predictions of future events with a stated confidence.

OR.A.C. Advanced Calculus

A.C.1. Functions, Graphs, and Limits: Apply the concepts of limits, asymptotic and unbounded behavior and continuity to functions.

A.C.1.1. Define and apply the properties of limits of functions.

A.C.1.2. Investigate asymptotic and unbounded behavior in functions.

A.C.1.3. Use limits to define continuity and determine if a function is continuous.

A.C.2. Derivatives: Analyze, calculate and apply the concept of a derivative.

A.C.2.1. Investigate derivatives presented in numerical, graphic and various analytic contexts.

A.C.2.2. I

A.C.2.3. Apply derivatives to solve problems in various applications including distance, velocity, and acceleration and optimization problems.

A.C.2.4. Apply formulas to find derivatives both implicitly and explicitly, including using the product, quotient and chain rules.

A.C.3. Integrals: Analyze, calculate and apply the concept of an integral using.

A.C.3.1. Explore Riemann sums and other approximation techniques and apply them to approximate definite integrals.

A.C.3.2. Identify and use the properties of integrals.

A.C.3.3. Use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to evaluate definite integrals and represent a particular anti-derivative.

A.C.3.4. Find anti-derivatives directly from derivatives of basic functions and by the method of u-substitution.

A.C.3.5. Use integrals to evaluate volumes of revolution and volumes of known cross-sections.

A.C.3.6. Use initial conditions with separable differential equations to solve for specific anti-derivatives.

A.C.3.7. Use differential equations to produce slope fields and solve for specific equations using initial conditions.

OR.H.A. Algebra

H.1A. Algebra and Numeracy: Demonstrate a deep understanding of real numbers and algebraic symbols by fluently creating, manipulating, computing with, and determining equivalent expressions, both numeric and symbolic.

H.1A.1. Compare, order, and locate real numbers on a number line.

H.1A.2. Evaluate, compute with, and determine equivalent numeric and algebraic expressions with real numbers and variables that may also include absolute value, integer exponents, square roots, pi, and/or scientific notation.

H.1A.3. Express square roots in equivalent radical form and their decimal approximations when appropriate.

H.1A.4. Develop, identify, and/or justify equivalent algebraic expressions, equations, and inequalities using the properties of exponents, equality and inequality, as well as the commutative, associative, inverse, identity, and distributive properties.

H.1A.5. Factor quadratic expressions limited to factoring common monomial terms, perfect-square trinomials, differences of squares, and quadratics of the form x^2 + bx + c that factor over the integers.

H.2A. Algebra: Use linear equations and functions to represent relationships and solve linear equations, linear inequalities, systems of linear equations, and systems of linear inequalities.

H.2A.1. Identify, construct, extend, and analyze linear patterns and functional relationships that are expressed contextually, numerically, algebraically, graphically, in tables, or using geometric figures.

H.2A.2. Given a rule, a context, two points, a table of values, a graph, or a linear equation in either slope intercept or standard form, identify the slope of the line, determine the x and/or y intercept(s), and interpret the meaning of each.

H.2A.3. Determine the equation of a line given any of the following information: two points on the line, its slope and one point on the line, or its graph. Also, determine an equation of a new line, parallel or perpendicular to a given line, through a given point.

H.2A.4. Fluently convert among representations of linear relationships given in the form of a graph of a line, a table of values, or an equation of a line in slope-intercept and standard form.

H.2A.5. Given a linear function, interpret and analyze the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Solve for x given f(x) or solve for f(x) given x.

H.2A.6. Analyze how changing the parameters transforms the graph of f (x) =mx + b.

H.2A.7. Write, use, and solve linear equations and inequalities using graphical and symbolic methods with one or two variables. Represent solutions on a coordinate graph or number line.

H.2A.8. Solve systems of two linear equations graphically and algebraically, and solve systems of two linear inequalities graphically.

H.3A. Algebra: Use quadratic and exponential equations and functions to represent relationships.

H.3A.1. Given a quadratic or exponential function, identify or determine a corresponding table or graph.

H.3A.2. Given a table or graph that represents a quadratic or exponential function, extend the pattern to make predictions.

H.3A.3. Compare the characteristics of and distinguish among linear, quadratic, and exponential functions that are expressed in a table of values, a sequence, a context, algebraically, and/or graphically, and interpret the domain and range of each as it applies to a given context.

H.3A.4. Given a quadratic or exponential function, interpret and analyze the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, and evaluate the function for specific values of the domain.

H.3A.5. Given a quadratic equation of the form x^2 + bx + c = 0 with integral roots, determine and interpret the roots, the vertex of the parabola that is the graph of y = x^2 + bx + c, and an equation of its axis of symmetry graphically and algebraically.

OR.H.G. Geometry

H.1G. Geometry: Apply properties of two-dimensional figures.

H.1G.1. Identify, apply, and analyze angle relationships among two or more lines and a transversal to determine if lines are parallel, perpendicular, or neither.

H.1G.2. Apply theorems, properties, and definitions to determine, identify, and justify congruency or similarity of triangles and to classify quadrilaterals.

H.1G.3. Apply theorems of corresponding parts of congruent and similar figures to determine missing sides and angles of polygons.

H.1G.4. Use trigonometric ratios (sine, cosine and tangent) and the Pythagorean Theorem to solve for unknown lengths in right triangles.

H.1G.5. Determine the missing dimensions, angles, or area of regular polygons, quadrilaterals, triangles, circles, composite shapes, and shaded regions.

H.1G.6. Determine if three given lengths form a triangle. If the given lengths form a triangle, classify it as acute, right, or obtuse.

H.1G.7. In problems involving circles, apply theorems and properties of chords, tangents, and angles; and theorems and formulas of arcs and sectors.

H.2G. Geometry: Apply properties of three-dimensional solids.

H.2G.1. Identify, classify, model, sketch, and label representations of three-dimensional objects from nets and from different perspectives.

H.2G.2. Identify and apply formulas for surface area and volume of spheres; right solids, including rectangular prisms and pyramids; cones; and cylinders; and compositions thereof. Solve related context-based problems.

H.2G.3. Identify and apply formulas to solve for the missing dimensions of spheres and right solids, including rectangular prisms and pyramids, cones, and cylinders, both numerically and symbolically.

H.3G. Geometry: Transform and analyze figures.

H.3G.1. Recognize and identify line and rotational symmetry of two-dimensional figures.

H.3G.2. Identify and perform single and composite transformations of geometric figures in a plane, including translations, origin-centered dilations, reflections across either axis or y = +/- x, and rotations about the origin in multiples of 90 degrees.

H.3G.3. Apply a scale factor to determine similar two- and three-dimensional figures, are similar. Compare and compute their respective areas and volumes of similar figures.

H.3G.4. Apply slope, distance, and midpoint formulas to solve problems in a coordinate plane.

OR.H.S. Statistics

H.1S. Data Analysis: Analyze and interpret empirical data.

H.1S.1. Given a context, determine appropriate survey methods, analyze the strengths and limitations of a particular survey, observational study, experiment, or simulation, and the display of its data.

H.1S.2. Evaluate data-based reports by considering the source of the data, the design of the study, and the way the data was analyzed and displayed.

H.1S.3. Compare and draw conclusions about two or more data sets using graphical displays or central tendencies and range.

H.1S.4. Use or construct a scatter plot for a given data set, determine whether there is a (n) linear, quadratic, exponential, or no trend. If linear, determine if there is a positive or negative correlation among the data; and, if appropriate, sketch a line of best fit, and use it to make predictions.

H.1S.5. Construct, analyze, and interpret tables, scatter plots, frequency distributions, and histograms of data sets.

H.2S. Probability: Apply basic principles of probability.

H.2S.1. Identify, analyze, and use experimental and theoretical probability to estimate and calculate the probability of simple events.

H.2S.2. Determine the sample space of a probability experiment.

H.2S.3. Compute and interpret probabilities for independent, dependent, complementary, and compound events using various methods (e.g., diagrams, tables, area models, and counting techniques).

OR.A.A. Advanced Algebra

A.A.1. Relations and Functions: Analyze functions and relations (e.g. polynomial, absolute value, rational, radical, logarithmic, exponential, algebraic, piece-wise, and step functions).

A.A.1.1. Demonstrate an understanding of the concept of a function, use function notation, evaluate a function, determine whether or not a given relation is a function and determine whether or not a given function is one-to-one.

A.A.1.2. Determine the domain and range of a relation including those with restricted domains.

A.A.1.3. Represent a given relation in multiple ways and convert between each representation.

A.A.1.4. Determine whether a given relation is even, odd or neither and what this means in predicting behaviors.

A.A.1.5. Analyze the effect on the graph of a relation by changing its parameters and perform a given transformation.

A.A.1.6. Determine, verify, and graph the inverse of a function or relation (if it exists) and understand the reversing roles of domain and range.

A.A.1.7. Determine the composition of inverse functions and whether or not it is one-to-one.

A.A.1.8. Perform arithmetic operations on functions and determine the composition of functions.

A.A.1.9. Analyze the reciprocal of a function or relation.

A.A.1.10. Collect and analyze data to make predictions and to investigate scatterplots and to determine the equation for a curve of best fit including linear, power, exponential, and logarithmic functions.

A.A.1.11. Connect the relationships among the solution of an equation, zero of a function, x-intercept of a graph and the factors of a polynomial expression.

A.A.1.12. Find the x and y-intercepts of a function if they exist.

A.A.1.13. Identify, distinguish between, and describe the characteristics of the following functions in tabular, verbal, graphical or symbolic form: polynomial, power, absolute value, rational, radical, logarithmic, exponential, algebraic, piecewise, and step.

A.A.2. Inequalities, Piece-wise Functions, and Absolute Value Functions: Model and analyze piece-wise and absolute value functions. Solve inequalities and absolute value equations.

A.A.2.1. Graph, solve, and analyze inequalities in two variables.

A.A.2.2. Graph and analyze piece-wise functions.

A.A.2.3. Graph, solve, and analyze absolute value equations and inequalities.

A.A.3. Quadratic functions and other Conic Sections: Model and analyze quadratic functions. Solve quadratic equations and problems involving conics.

A.A.3.1. Perform operations on complex numbers and represent, apply and discuss the properties of complex numbers.

A.A.3.2. Derive the quadratic formula.

A.A.3.3. Solve quadratic equations using the zero product property, completing the square, the quadratic formula, and graphing.

A.A.3.4. Graph and analyze quadratic functions and relate the zeros to the discriminant.

A.A.3.5. Construct and solve quadratic inequalities in one and two variables.

A.A.3.6. Solve problems relating to conic sections including systems of equations and inequalities involving conics.

A.A.3.7. Graph and analyze equations of conic sections.

A.A.3.8. Determine conic equations from graphs or data.

A.A.4. Polynomial Functions: Model and analyze polynomial functions. Solve polynomial equations.

A.A.4.1. Perform operations on polynomial expressions.

A.A.4.2. Analyze and calculate permutations, combinations, and other systematic counting methods.

A.A.4.3. Understand and apply the binomial theorem and/or Pascal's triangle to expand binomial expressions.

A.A.4.4. Apply long (or synthetic) division, the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, Descartes Rule of Signs, the Intermediate Value Theorem and the Rational Root Theorem to analyze and/or determine the roots of a polynomial.

A.A.4.5. Find approximate solutions for polynomial equations using graphing technology.

A.A.4.6. Write a polynomial equation given its real and/or complex solutions.

A.A.4.7. Graph and analyze polynomial functions.

A.A.5. Radical Functions: Model and analyze radical functions. Solve radical equations.

A.A.5.1. Find equivalent expressions using the properties of rational exponents.

A.A.5.2. Perform arithmetic operations to simplify radical expressions.

A.A.5.3. Solve radical equations.

A.A.5.4. Graph and analyze radical functions.

A.A.6. Rational Functions: Model and analyze rational functions. Solve rational equations.

A.A.6.1. Find equivalent representations for rational expressions and identify restrictions.

A.A.6.2. Perform operations on rational expressions.

A.A.6.3. Solve algebraic proportions and rational equations.

A.A.6.4. Graph and analyze rational functions.

A.A.7. Logarithmic and Exponential Functions: Model and analyze logarithmic and exponential functions. Solve logarithmic and exponential equations.

A.A.7.1. Establish the inverse relationship between exponential and logarithmic functions.

A.A.7.2. Prove and apply the basic properties of logarithms.

A.A.7.3. Solve exponential and logarithmic equations.

A.A.7.4. Graph and analyze exponential and logarithmic functions.

A.A.8. Matrices, Systems of Equations and Inequalities: Analyze and apply various methods to graph and solve systems of equations and inequalities.

A.A.8.1. Use matrix operations and properties of matrices to solve problems.

A.A.8.2. Solve systems of linear equations in two or three variables algebraically, graphically, and/or with matrix algebra.

A.A.8.3. Analyze an inconsistent system of equations.

A.A.8.4. Solve systems of linear inequalities by graphing.

A.A.8.5. Interpret, analyze, and solve linear programming problems.

A.A.8.6. Solve nonlinear systems of equations algebraically and graphically, including linear-quadratic and quadratic-quadratic.

A.A.9. Sequences and Series: Analyze and evaluate sequences and series.

A.A.9.1. Define, recognize, and discriminate among arithmetic, geometric and other sequences and series.

A.A.9.2. Find the explicit and recursive formulas for arithmetic and geometric sequences and use these formulas to determine a specific term or term number.

A.A.9.3. Convert between a series and its sigma notation representation.

A.A.9.4. Find partial sums of arithmetic and geometric series and find sums of convergent infinite series.

A.A.9.5. Generate and describe other recursive sequences such as factorials and the Fibonacci sequence.

A.A.10. Parametric Equations: Model and analyze parametric equations.

A.A.10.1. Write and evaluate parametric equations.

A.A.10.2. Relate parametric equations to equivalent rectangular equations.

A.A.10.3. Analyze and describe graphs of parametric equations.

OR.A.T. Advanced Trigonometry

A.T.1. Triangle Trigonometry: Analyze and solve problems involving triangles.

A.T.1.1. Develop and apply the properties of special right triangles.

A.T.1.2. Develop, define, and apply right triangle trigonometric ratios.

A.T.1.3. Develop and apply the Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines.

A.T.1.4. Develop and apply the area formulas of a triangle.

A.T.2. Trigonometric Functions: Develop, apply, and graph the six trigonometric functions and their inverses in radians and degrees.

A.T.2.1. Define the six trigonometric functions, construct the unit circle, and use the unit circle to calculate the exact values of these functions for special angles.

A.T.2.2. Justify the relationship between the tangent of the angle that a line makes with the x-axis and the slope of the line.

A.T.2.3. Evaluate trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions.

A.T.2.4. Construct and analyze graphs of the six trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions.

A.T.2.5. Perform translations of trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions.

A.T.2.6. Solve problems using linear and angular velocity.

A.T.3. Trigonometric Identities and Equations: Derive and apply basic trigonometric identities and solve trigonometric equations.

A.T.3.1. Prove the Pythagorean Identities and other trigonometric identities and apply them to verify other identities and simplify trigonometric expressions.

A.T.3.2. Prove trigonometric identities and make substitutions using the basic identities.

A.T.3.3. Solve trigonometric equations.

A.T.4. Vectors in Two Dimensions: Solve problems involving vectors in the coordinate plane.

A.T.4.1. Perform operations on vectors.

A.T.4.2. Use vectors to model situations and solve problems.

A.T.5. Polar Coordinates and Complex Numbers: Understand and apply polar coordinates and complex numbers and their connection to trigonometric functions.

A.T.5.1. Define polar coordinates, relate them to rectangular coordinates, and fluently convert between the two.

A.T.5.2. Represent equations given in rectangular coordinates in terms of polar coordinates.

A.T.5.3. Graph equations in the polar coordinate plane.

A.T.5.4. Define complex numbers, convert complex numbers to trigonometric form, and multiply complex numbers in trigonometric form.

A.T.5.5. Derive and apply De Moivre's Theorem.

OR.A.D. Advanced Discrete Mathematics

A.D.1. Set Theory: Operate with sets and use set theory to solve problems.

A.D.1.1. Demonstrate understanding of the definitions of set equality, subset and null set.

A.D.1.2. Perform set operations such as union and intersection, difference, and complement.

A.D.1.3. Use Venn diagrams to explore relationships and patterns, and to make arguments about relationships between sets.

A.D.1.4. Demonstrate the ability to create the cross-product or set-theoretic product of two sets.

A.D.2. Relations and Functions: Demonstrate understanding of relations and functions.

A.D.2.1. Determine whether simple examples of discrete functions are injective and/or surjective.

A.D.2.2. Demonstrate ability to interpret examples of simple discrete functions by mapping elements from a discrete domain to a discrete range.

A.D.2.3. Demonstrate ability to produce the subset of the cross product of the domain and image of a relation corresponding to simple examples of relations.

A.D.2.4. Use concepts of reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity to establish that a relation is an equivalence relation.

A.D.2.5. Design simple algorithms such as hashing, checksum or error-correction functions

A.D.3. Modular Arithmetic: Demonstrate understanding of modular arithmetic and its relationship to set theory.

A.D.3.1. Perform modular arithmetic operations.

A.D.3.2. Demonstrate understanding of the relationship of modular arithmetic to two numbers being congruent modulo n.

A.D.3.3. Solve practical problems or develop algorithms using modular arithmetic or congruence relations such as creating error detection codes, calculating greatest common factor, and solving simple coin-change problems.

A.D.4. Graph Theory: Understand how graphs of vertices joined by edges can model relationships and be used to solve a wide variety of problems.

A.D.4.1. Use graphs to model and solve problems such as shortest paths, vertex coloring, critical paths, routing, and scheduling problems.

A.D.4.2. Convert from a graph to an adjacency matrix and vice versa.

A.D.4.3. Use directed graphs, spanning trees, rooted trees, binary trees, or decision trees to solve problems.

A.D.4.4. Demonstrate understanding of algorithms such as depth-first and breadth-first walk of a tree or maximal matching.

A.D.4.5. Use matching or bin-packing techniques to solve optimization and other problems.

A.D.4.6. Compare and contrast different graph algorithms in terms of efficiency and types of problems that can be solved.

A.D.5. Combinatorics and Discrete Probability: Understand and apply fundamental counting techniques in solving combinatorial and probability problems.

A.D.5.1. Produce all combinations and permutations of sets.

A.D.5.2. Calculate the number of combinations and permutations of sets of m items taken n at a time.

A.D.5.3. Apply basic fundamental counting principles such as The Pigeonhole Principle, Multiplication Principle, Addition Principle, and Binomial Theorem to practical problems.

A.D.5.4. Solve probability problems such as conditional probability, probability of simple events, mutually exclusive events, and independent events

A.D.5.5. Find the odds that an event will occur given the probabilities and vice versa.

A.D.6. Sequences and Series: Analyze and evaluate sequences and series.

A.D.6.1. Define, recognize, and discriminate among arithmetic, geometric and other sequences and series.

A.D.6.2. Find the explicit and recursive formulas for arithmetic and geometric sequences and use these formulas to determine a specific term or term number.

A.D.6.3. Convert between a series and its sigma notation representation.

A.D.6.4. Find partial sums of arithmetic and geometric series and find sums of convergent infinite series.

A.D.6.5. Generate and describe other recursive sequences such as factorials and the Fibonacci sequence.

A.D.7. Recurrence, Recursion and Induction: Understand and apply recurrence, recursive, and inductive methods to solve problems.

A.D.7.1. Use recursive and iterative thinking to solve problems such as population growth and decline, exponential functions, problems involving sequential change and compound interest.

A.D.7.2. Use finite differences to solve problems and to find explicit formulas for recurrence relations.

A.D.7.3. Use mathematical induction to prove recurrence relations and concepts in number theory such as sums of infinite integer series, divisibility statements, and parity statements.

A.D.7.4. Use mathematical induction to analyze the validity of an iterative algorithm.

A.D.7.5. Describe arithmetic and geometric sequences recursively.

A.D.7.6. Use understanding of relationship of finite and infinite geometric series, including how the concept of limits connects them.

A.D.7.7. Apply recurrence or recursion to the design and understanding of sorting and searching algorithms.

A.D.7.8. Analyze algorithms for efficiency, including how the number of steps grows as a function of the size of the problem.

A.D.7.9. Compare the efficiency of iterative and recursive solutions of a problem.

A.D.8. Logic: Understand the fundamentals of propositional logic, arguments, and methods of proof.

A.D.8.1. Use truth tables to determine truth values of compounded propositional statements.

A.D.8.2. Find the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of a statement.

A.D.8.3. Determine whether two propositions are logically equivalent.

A.D.8.4. Identify and give examples of undefined terms, definitions, axioms, and theorems.

A.D.8.5. Construct logical arguments using laws of detachment (modus ponens), syllogism, tautology, and contradiction; judge the validity of arguments, and give counterexamples to disprove statements.

A.D.8.6. Use applications of the universal and existential quantifiers to propositional statements.

A.D.8.7. Appropriately select and use methods of deductive, inductive, and indirect proof and determine whether a short proof is logically valid.

A.D.9. Social Choice: Analyze election data to evaluate different election methods and use weighted voting techniques to decide voting power within a group. Understand and use fair division techniques to solve apportionment problems.

A.D.9.1. Use election theory techniques to analyze election data such as majority, plurality, runoff, approval, the Borda method in which points are assigned to preferences, and the Condorcet method in which each pair of candidates is run off head to head.

A.D.9.2. Use fair division techniques to divide continuous objects.

A.D.9.3. Use fair division techniques to solve apportionment problems.

A.D.10. Game Theory: Understand and use game theory methods to solve strictly determined games and non-strictly determined games.

A.D.10.1. Use game theory to solve strictly determined games.

A.D.10.2. Use game theory to solve non-strictly determined games.

A.D.10.3. Use game theory to create models for games.

A.D.10.4. Use game theory to find optimal mixed strategies such as expected values or payoff values.

A.D.11. Coding Theory, Compression and Cryptography: Understand coding of alphabets and simple encryption methods.

A.D.11.1. Use integer functions to encode alphabets and to create error-checking correcting codes.

A.D.11.2. Use permutations, combinations of digraph encoding and affine transformation and hash functions, to create encryption codes.

A.D.11.3. Demonstrate understanding of asymmetric public key cryptography algorithms such as RSA and Diffie-Hellman.

A.D.11.4. Demonstrate understanding of error-detecting and error-correcting codes and data compression through Huffman codes.

A.D.12. Algorithm Design: Understand methods of algorithm design and its relationship to data structures.

A.D.12.1. Designing algorithms using recurrence or iteration.

A.D.12.2. Design algorithms using divide-and-conquer.

A.D.12.3. Design algorithms using recursion.

A.D.12.4. Evaluate the efficiency of an algorithm including the order of complexity of algorithms.

A.D.12.5. Demonstrate understanding of the relationship of set theory, relations, functions, combinatorics, sequences, series, graph theory, and matrices to the design of data structures and algorithms.

A.D.12.6. Demonstrate understanding of the relationship of data structures to the design of algorithms and use this understanding to analyze algorithms.

OR.A.S. Advanced Statistics

A.S.1. Exploratory Data: Analyze summary measures of sets of data.

A.S.1.1. Construct, interpret, and summarize numerical characteristics of univariate data sets to describe patterns and departure from patterns, using measures of center, spread, and position.

A.S.1.2. Compare distributions of univariate data by comparing center and spread, clusters and gaps, outliers, and other unusual features and comparing shapes.

A.S.1.3. Explore bivariate data by analyzing patterns, correlation, linearity, least-squares regression line, residual plots, outliers, influential points, and transformations to achieve linearity.

A.S.1.4. Explore categorical data using frequency tables and bar charts; investigating marginal, joint and conditional relative frequencies; and by comparing distributions.

A.S.2. Sampling and Experimentation: Plan, conduct, and analyze well-designed methods of data collection.

A.S.2.1. Describe the methods of data collection. Evaluate how appropriate each method is relative to the purposes of various types of inquires and hypotheses under investigation given various population distributions.

A.S.2.2. Plan, analyze, and conduct a survey, and/or observational study; describe characteristics of a well-designed and well-conducted survey; explore various sampling methods including investigating sources of bias.

A.S.2.3. Plan, analyze, and conduct an experiment; describe characteristics and components of a well-designed and well-conducted experiment; explore various methods of experimental designs; and associated sources of bias and confounding.

A.S.2.4. Explore the generalizability of results and types of conclusions that can be drawn from observational studies, experiments, and surveys. Understand when each method is most appropriate, and explain the differences between the three methods.

A.S.3. Anticipating Patterns: Understand how probability can be applied as a tool used for anticipating what the distribution of data should look like under a given model.

A.S.3.1. Analyze probability by exploring such topics as ''Law of Large Numbers,'' addition and multiplication rule, conditional probability and independence, discrete random variables and their probability distributions, simulations of random behavior and mean, standard deviation, and learn how to select appropriate linear transformations of a random variable.

A.S.3.2. Explore the independence versus dependence of two random variables. Determine the mean and standard deviation for sum or difference of independent random variables.

A.S.3.3. Analyze the properties of the normal distribution; uses tables of the normal distribution; and explore a normal distribution as a model for measurements.

A.S.3.4. Explore sampling distributions to include: sampling distribution of a sample of proportion and mean; Binomial Distribution and Geometric Distribution; applying the Central Limit Theorem; investigating sampling distributions of a difference between two independent sample proportions and means; simulating a sampling distribution and; applying t-distributions and Chi-square distributions to the analysis of samples.

A.S.4. Statistical Inference: Estimate population parameters and test hypotheses.

A.S.4.1. Investigate the following: estimating population parameters, margins of error, confidence intervals, and properties of point estimators.

A.S.4.2. Explain the logic, meaning, and properties of confidence intervals and meaning of confidence levels. Apply this understanding to large sample confidence intervals for a: proportion, difference between two proportions, mean, difference between two means, and slope of a least-squares regression line.

A.S.4.3. Explain the logic of significance testing, null and alternative hypotheses; p-values; one-and two-sided tests; concepts of Type I and Type II errors; concept of power.

A.S.4.4. Apply various large sample tests for a proportion - i.e. difference between two proportions, mean, difference between two means, Chi-square test, and slope of a least squares regression line.

A.S.4.5. Understand how to read the results of a regression, and use this to make predictions of future events with a stated confidence.

OR.A.C. Advanced Calculus

A.C.1. Functions, Graphs, and Limits: Apply the concepts of limits, asymptotic and unbounded behavior and continuity to functions.

A.C.1.1. Define and apply the properties of limits of functions.

A.C.1.2. Investigate asymptotic and unbounded behavior in functions.

A.C.1.3. Use limits to define continuity and determine if a function is continuous.

A.C.2. Derivatives: Analyze, calculate and apply the concept of a derivative.

A.C.2.1. Investigate derivatives presented in numerical, graphic and various analytic contexts.

A.C.2.2. I

A.C.2.3. Apply derivatives to solve problems in various applications including distance, velocity, and acceleration and optimization problems.

A.C.2.4. Apply formulas to find derivatives both implicitly and explicitly, including using the product, quotient and chain rules.

A.C.3. Integrals: Analyze, calculate and apply the concept of an integral using.

A.C.3.1. Explore Riemann sums and other approximation techniques and apply them to approximate definite integrals.

A.C.3.2. Identify and use the properties of integrals.

A.C.3.3. Use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to evaluate definite integrals and represent a particular anti-derivative.

A.C.3.4. Find anti-derivatives directly from derivatives of basic functions and by the method of u-substitution.

A.C.3.5. Use integrals to evaluate volumes of revolution and volumes of known cross-sections.

A.C.3.6. Use initial conditions with separable differential equations to solve for specific anti-derivatives.

A.C.3.7. Use differential equations to produce slope fields and solve for specific equations using initial conditions.

OR.H.A. Algebra

H.1A. Algebra and Numeracy: Demonstrate a deep understanding of real numbers and algebraic symbols by fluently creating, manipulating, computing with, and determining equivalent expressions, both numeric and symbolic.

H.1A.1. Compare, order, and locate real numbers on a number line.

H.1A.2. Evaluate, compute with, and determine equivalent numeric and algebraic expressions with real numbers and variables that may also include absolute value, integer exponents, square roots, pi, and/or scientific notation.

H.1A.3. Express square roots in equivalent radical form and their decimal approximations when appropriate.

H.1A.4. Develop, identify, and/or justify equivalent algebraic expressions, equations, and inequalities using the properties of exponents, equality and inequality, as well as the commutative, associative, inverse, identity, and distributive properties.

H.1A.5. Factor quadratic expressions limited to factoring common monomial terms, perfect-square trinomials, differences of squares, and quadratics of the form x^2 + bx + c that factor over the integers.

H.2A. Algebra: Use linear equations and functions to represent relationships and solve linear equations, linear inequalities, systems of linear equations, and systems of linear inequalities.

H.2A.1. Identify, construct, extend, and analyze linear patterns and functional relationships that are expressed contextually, numerically, algebraically, graphically, in tables, or using geometric figures.

H.2A.2. Given a rule, a context, two points, a table of values, a graph, or a linear equation in either slope intercept or standard form, identify the slope of the line, determine the x and/or y intercept(s), and interpret the meaning of each.

H.2A.3. Determine the equation of a line given any of the following information: two points on the line, its slope and one point on the line, or its graph. Also, determine an equation of a new line, parallel or perpendicular to a given line, through a given point.

H.2A.4. Fluently convert among representations of linear relationships given in the form of a graph of a line, a table of values, or an equation of a line in slope-intercept and standard form.

H.2A.5. Given a linear function, interpret and analyze the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Solve for x given f(x) or solve for f(x) given x.

H.2A.6. Analyze how changing the parameters transforms the graph of f (x) =mx + b.

H.2A.7. Write, use, and solve linear equations and inequalities using graphical and symbolic methods with one or two variables. Represent solutions on a coordinate graph or number line.

H.2A.8. Solve systems of two linear equations graphically and algebraically, and solve systems of two linear inequalities graphically.

H.3A. Algebra: Use quadratic and exponential equations and functions to represent relationships.

H.3A.1. Given a quadratic or exponential function, identify or determine a corresponding table or graph.

H.3A.2. Given a table or graph that represents a quadratic or exponential function, extend the pattern to make predictions.

H.3A.3. Compare the characteristics of and distinguish among linear, quadratic, and exponential functions that are expressed in a table of values, a sequence, a context, algebraically, and/or graphically, and interpret the domain and range of each as it applies to a given context.

H.3A.4. Given a quadratic or exponential function, interpret and analyze the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, and evaluate the function for specific values of the domain.

H.3A.5. Given a quadratic equation of the form x^2 + bx + c = 0 with integral roots, determine and interpret the roots, the vertex of the parabola that is the graph of y = x^2 + bx + c, and an equation of its axis of symmetry graphically and algebraically.

OR.H.G. Geometry

H.1G. Geometry: Apply properties of two-dimensional figures.

H.1G.1. Identify, apply, and analyze angle relationships among two or more lines and a transversal to determine if lines are parallel, perpendicular, or neither.

H.1G.2. Apply theorems, properties, and definitions to determine, identify, and justify congruency or similarity of triangles and to classify quadrilaterals.

H.1G.3. Apply theorems of corresponding parts of congruent and similar figures to determine missing sides and angles of polygons.

H.1G.4. Use trigonometric ratios (sine, cosine and tangent) and the Pythagorean Theorem to solve for unknown lengths in right triangles.

H.1G.5. Determine the missing dimensions, angles, or area of regular polygons, quadrilaterals, triangles, circles, composite shapes, and shaded regions.

H.1G.6. Determine if three given lengths form a triangle. If the given lengths form a triangle, classify it as acute, right, or obtuse.

H.1G.7. In problems involving circles, apply theorems and properties of chords, tangents, and angles; and theorems and formulas of arcs and sectors.

H.2G. Geometry: Apply properties of three-dimensional solids.

H.2G.1. Identify, classify, model, sketch, and label representations of three-dimensional objects from nets and from different perspectives.

H.2G.2. Identify and apply formulas for surface area and volume of spheres; right solids, including rectangular prisms and pyramids; cones; and cylinders; and compositions thereof. Solve related context-based problems.

H.2G.3. Identify and apply formulas to solve for the missing dimensions of spheres and right solids, including rectangular prisms and pyramids, cones, and cylinders, both numerically and symbolically.

H.3G. Geometry: Transform and analyze figures.

H.3G.1. Recognize and identify line and rotational symmetry of two-dimensional figures.

H.3G.2. Identify and perform single and composite transformations of geometric figures in a plane, including translations, origin-centered dilations, reflections across either axis or y = +/- x, and rotations about the origin in multiples of 90 degrees.

H.3G.3. Apply a scale factor to determine similar two- and three-dimensional figures, are similar. Compare and compute their respective areas and volumes of similar figures.

H.3G.4. Apply slope, distance, and midpoint formulas to solve problems in a coordinate plane.

OR.H.S. Statistics

H.1S. Data Analysis: Analyze and interpret empirical data.

H.1S.1. Given a context, determine appropriate survey methods, analyze the strengths and limitations of a particular survey, observational study, experiment, or simulation, and the display of its data.

H.1S.2. Evaluate data-based reports by considering the source of the data, the design of the study, and the way the data was analyzed and displayed.

H.1S.3. Compare and draw conclusions about two or more data sets using graphical displays or central tendencies and range.

H.1S.4. Use or construct a scatter plot for a given data set, determine whether there is a (n) linear, quadratic, exponential, or no trend. If linear, determine if there is a positive or negative correlation among the data; and, if appropriate, sketch a line of best fit, and use it to make predictions.

H.1S.5. Construct, analyze, and interpret tables, scatter plots, frequency distributions, and histograms of data sets.

H.2S. Probability: Apply basic principles of probability.

H.2S.1. Identify, analyze, and use experimental and theoretical probability to estimate and calculate the probability of simple events.

H.2S.2. Determine the sample space of a probability experiment.

H.2S.3. Compute and interpret probabilities for independent, dependent, complementary, and compound events using various methods (e.g., diagrams, tables, area models, and counting techniques).

OR.A.A. Advanced Algebra

A.A.1. Relations and Functions: Analyze functions and relations (e.g. polynomial, absolute value, rational, radical, logarithmic, exponential, algebraic, piece-wise, and step functions).

A.A.1.1. Demonstrate an understanding of the concept of a function, use function notation, evaluate a function, determine whether or not a given relation is a function and determine whether or not a given function is one-to-one.

A.A.1.2. Determine the domain and range of a relation including those with restricted domains.

A.A.1.3. Represent a given relation in multiple ways and convert between each representation.

A.A.1.4. Determine whether a given relation is even, odd or neither and what this means in predicting behaviors.

A.A.1.5. Analyze the effect on the graph of a relation by changing its parameters and perform a given transformation.

A.A.1.6. Determine, verify, and graph the inverse of a function or relation (if it exists) and understand the reversing roles of domain and range.

A.A.1.7. Determine the composition of inverse functions and whether or not it is one-to-one.

A.A.1.8. Perform arithmetic operations on functions and determine the composition of functions.

A.A.1.9. Analyze the reciprocal of a function or relation.

A.A.1.10. Collect and analyze data to make predictions and to investigate scatterplots and to determine the equation for a curve of best fit including linear, power, exponential, and logarithmic functions.

A.A.1.11. Connect the relationships among the solution of an equation, zero of a function, x-intercept of a graph and the factors of a polynomial expression.

A.A.1.12. Find the x and y-intercepts of a function if they exist.

A.A.1.13. Identify, distinguish between, and describe the characteristics of the following functions in tabular, verbal, graphical or symbolic form: polynomial, power, absolute value, rational, radical, logarithmic, exponential, algebraic, piecewise, and step.

A.A.2. Inequalities, Piece-wise Functions, and Absolute Value Functions: Model and analyze piece-wise and absolute value functions. Solve inequalities and absolute value equations.

A.A.2.1. Graph, solve, and analyze inequalities in two variables.

A.A.2.2. Graph and analyze piece-wise functions.

A.A.2.3. Graph, solve, and analyze absolute value equations and inequalities.

A.A.3. Quadratic functions and other Conic Sections: Model and analyze quadratic functions. Solve quadratic equations and problems involving conics.

A.A.3.1. Perform operations on complex numbers and represent, apply and discuss the properties of complex numbers.

A.A.3.2. Derive the quadratic formula.

A.A.3.3. Solve quadratic equations using the zero product property, completing the square, the quadratic formula, and graphing.

A.A.3.4. Graph and analyze quadratic functions and relate the zeros to the discriminant.

A.A.3.5. Construct and solve quadratic inequalities in one and two variables.

A.A.3.6. Solve problems relating to conic sections including systems of equations and inequalities involving conics.

A.A.3.7. Graph and analyze equations of conic sections.

A.A.3.8. Determine conic equations from graphs or data.

A.A.4. Polynomial Functions: Model and analyze polynomial functions. Solve polynomial equations.

A.A.4.1. Perform operations on polynomial expressions.

A.A.4.2. Analyze and calculate permutations, combinations, and other systematic counting methods.

A.A.4.3. Understand and apply the binomial theorem and/or Pascal's triangle to expand binomial expressions.

A.A.4.4. Apply long (or synthetic) division, the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, Descartes Rule of Signs, the Intermediate Value Theorem and the Rational Root Theorem to analyze and/or determine the roots of a polynomial.

A.A.4.5. Find approximate solutions for polynomial equations using graphing technology.

A.A.4.6. Write a polynomial equation given its real and/or complex solutions.

A.A.4.7. Graph and analyze polynomial functions.

A.A.5. Radical Functions: Model and analyze radical functions. Solve radical equations.

A.A.5.1. Find equivalent expressions using the properties of rational exponents.

A.A.5.2. Perform arithmetic operations to simplify radical expressions.

A.A.5.3. Solve radical equations.

A.A.5.4. Graph and analyze radical functions.

A.A.6. Rational Functions: Model and analyze rational functions. Solve rational equations.

A.A.6.1. Find equivalent representations for rational expressions and identify restrictions.

A.A.6.2. Perform operations on rational expressions.

A.A.6.3. Solve algebraic proportions and rational equations.

A.A.6.4. Graph and analyze rational functions.

A.A.7. Logarithmic and Exponential Functions: Model and analyze logarithmic and exponential functions. Solve logarithmic and exponential equations.

A.A.7.1. Establish the inverse relationship between exponential and logarithmic functions.

A.A.7.2. Prove and apply the basic properties of logarithms.

A.A.7.3. Solve exponential and logarithmic equations.

A.A.7.4. Graph and analyze exponential and logarithmic functions.

A.A.8. Matrices, Systems of Equations and Inequalities: Analyze and apply various methods to graph and solve systems of equations and inequalities.

A.A.8.1. Use matrix operations and properties of matrices to solve problems.

A.A.8.2. Solve systems of linear equations in two or three variables algebraically, graphically, and/or with matrix algebra.

A.A.8.3. Analyze an inconsistent system of equations.

A.A.8.4. Solve systems of linear inequalities by graphing.

A.A.8.5. Interpret, analyze, and solve linear programming problems.

A.A.8.6. Solve nonlinear systems of equations algebraically and graphically, including linear-quadratic and quadratic-quadratic.

A.A.9. Sequences and Series: Analyze and evaluate sequences and series.

A.A.9.1. Define, recognize, and discriminate among arithmetic, geometric and other sequences and series.

A.A.9.2. Find the explicit and recursive formulas for arithmetic and geometric sequences and use these formulas to determine a specific term or term number.

A.A.9.3. Convert between a series and its sigma notation representation.

A.A.9.4. Find partial sums of arithmetic and geometric series and find sums of convergent infinite series.

A.A.9.5. Generate and describe other recursive sequences such as factorials and the Fibonacci sequence.

A.A.10. Parametric Equations: Model and analyze parametric equations.

A.A.10.1. Write and evaluate parametric equations.

A.A.10.2. Relate parametric equations to equivalent rectangular equations.

A.A.10.3. Analyze and describe graphs of parametric equations.

OR.A.T. Advanced Trigonometry

A.T.1. Triangle Trigonometry: Analyze and solve problems involving triangles.

A.T.1.1. Develop and apply the properties of special right triangles.

A.T.1.2. Develop, define, and apply right triangle trigonometric ratios.

A.T.1.3. Develop and apply the Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines.

A.T.1.4. Develop and apply the area formulas of a triangle.

A.T.2. Trigonometric Functions: Develop, apply, and graph the six trigonometric functions and their inverses in radians and degrees.

A.T.2.1. Define the six trigonometric functions, construct the unit circle, and use the unit circle to calculate the exact values of these functions for special angles.

A.T.2.2. Justify the relationship between the tangent of the angle that a line makes with the x-axis and the slope of the line.

A.T.2.3. Evaluate trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions.

A.T.2.4. Construct and analyze graphs of the six trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions.

A.T.2.5. Perform translations of trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions.

A.T.2.6. Solve problems using linear and angular velocity.

A.T.3. Trigonometric Identities and Equations: Derive and apply basic trigonometric identities and solve trigonometric equations.

A.T.3.1. Prove the Pythagorean Identities and other trigonometric identities and apply them to verify other identities and simplify trigonometric expressions.

A.T.3.2. Prove trigonometric identities and make substitutions using the basic identities.

A.T.3.3. Solve trigonometric equations.

A.T.4. Vectors in Two Dimensions: Solve problems involving vectors in the coordinate plane.

A.T.4.1. Perform operations on vectors.

A.T.4.2. Use vectors to model situations and solve problems.

A.T.5. Polar Coordinates and Complex Numbers: Understand and apply polar coordinates and complex numbers and their connection to trigonometric functions.

A.T.5.1. Define polar coordinates, relate them to rectangular coordinates, and fluently convert between the two.

A.T.5.2. Represent equations given in rectangular coordinates in terms of polar coordinates.

A.T.5.3. Graph equations in the polar coordinate plane.

A.T.5.4. Define complex numbers, convert complex numbers to trigonometric form, and multiply complex numbers in trigonometric form.

A.T.5.5. Derive and apply De Moivre's Theorem.

OR.A.D. Advanced Discrete Mathematics

A.D.1. Set Theory: Operate with sets and use set theory to solve problems.

A.D.1.1. Demonstrate understanding of the definitions of set equality, subset and null set.

A.D.1.2. Perform set operations such as union and intersection, difference, and complement.

A.D.1.3. Use Venn diagrams to explore relationships and patterns, and to make arguments about relationships between sets.

A.D.1.4. Demonstrate the ability to create the cross-product or set-theoretic product of two sets.

A.D.2. Relations and Functions: Demonstrate understanding of relations and functions.

A.D.2.1. Determine whether simple examples of discrete functions are injective and/or surjective.

A.D.2.2. Demonstrate ability to interpret examples of simple discrete functions by mapping elements from a discrete domain to a discrete range.

A.D.2.3. Demonstrate ability to produce the subset of the cross product of the domain and image of a relation corresponding to simple examples of relations.

A.D.2.4. Use concepts of reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity to establish that a relation is an equivalence relation.

A.D.2.5. Design simple algorithms such as hashing, checksum or error-correction functions

A.D.3. Modular Arithmetic: Demonstrate understanding of modular arithmetic and its relationship to set theory.

A.D.3.1. Perform modular arithmetic operations.

A.D.3.2. Demonstrate understanding of the relationship of modular arithmetic to two numbers being congruent modulo n.

A.D.3.3. Solve practical problems or develop algorithms using modular arithmetic or congruence relations such as creating error detection codes, calculating greatest common factor, and solving simple coin-change problems.

A.D.4. Graph Theory: Understand how graphs of vertices joined by edges can model relationships and be used to solve a wide variety of problems.

A.D.4.1. Use graphs to model and solve problems such as shortest paths, vertex coloring, critical paths, routing, and scheduling problems.

A.D.4.2. Convert from a graph to an adjacency matrix and vice versa.

A.D.4.3. Use directed graphs, spanning trees, rooted trees, binary trees, or decision trees to solve problems.

A.D.4.4. Demonstrate understanding of algorithms such as depth-first and breadth-first walk of a tree or maximal matching.

A.D.4.5. Use matching or bin-packing techniques to solve optimization and other problems.

A.D.4.6. Compare and contrast different graph algorithms in terms of efficiency and types of problems that can be solved.

A.D.5. Combinatorics and Discrete Probability: Understand and apply fundamental counting techniques in solving combinatorial and probability problems.

A.D.5.1. Produce all combinations and permutations of sets.

A.D.5.2. Calculate the number of combinations and permutations of sets of m items taken n at a time.

A.D.5.3. Apply basic fundamental counting principles such as The Pigeonhole Principle, Multiplication Principle, Addition Principle, and Binomial Theorem to practical problems.

A.D.5.4. Solve probability problems such as conditional probability, probability of simple events, mutually exclusive events, and independent events

A.D.5.5. Find the odds that an event will occur given the probabilities and vice versa.

A.D.6. Sequences and Series: Analyze and evaluate sequences and series.

A.D.6.1. Define, recognize, and discriminate among arithmetic, geometric and other sequences and series.

A.D.6.2. Find the explicit and recursive formulas for arithmetic and geometric sequences and use these formulas to determine a specific term or term number.

A.D.6.3. Convert between a series and its sigma notation representation.

A.D.6.4. Find partial sums of arithmetic and geometric series and find sums of convergent infinite series.

A.D.6.5. Generate and describe other recursive sequences such as factorials and the Fibonacci sequence.

A.D.7. Recurrence, Recursion and Induction: Understand and apply recurrence, recursive, and inductive methods to solve problems.

A.D.7.1. Use recursive and iterative thinking to solve problems such as population growth and decline, exponential functions, problems involving sequential change and compound interest.

A.D.7.2. Use finite differences to solve problems and to find explicit formulas for recurrence relations.

A.D.7.3. Use mathematical induction to prove recurrence relations and concepts in number theory such as sums of infinite integer series, divisibility statements, and parity statements.

A.D.7.4. Use mathematical induction to analyze the validity of an iterative algorithm.

A.D.7.5. Describe arithmetic and geometric sequences recursively.

A.D.7.6. Use understanding of relationship of finite and infinite geometric series, including how the concept of limits connects them.

A.D.7.7. Apply recurrence or recursion to the design and understanding of sorting and searching algorithms.

A.D.7.8. Analyze algorithms for efficiency, including how the number of steps grows as a function of the size of the problem.

A.D.7.9. Compare the efficiency of iterative and recursive solutions of a problem.

A.D.8. Logic: Understand the fundamentals of propositional logic, arguments, and methods of proof.

A.D.8.1. Use truth tables to determine truth values of compounded propositional statements.

A.D.8.2. Find the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of a statement.

A.D.8.3. Determine whether two propositions are logically equivalent.

A.D.8.4. Identify and give examples of undefined terms, definitions, axioms, and theorems.

A.D.8.5. Construct logical arguments using laws of detachment (modus ponens), syllogism, tautology, and contradiction; judge the validity of arguments, and give counterexamples to disprove statements.

A.D.8.6. Use applications of the universal and existential quantifiers to propositional statements.

A.D.8.7. Appropriately select and use methods of deductive, inductive, and indirect proof and determine whether a short proof is logically valid.

A.D.9. Social Choice: Analyze election data to evaluate different election methods and use weighted voting techniques to decide voting power within a group. Understand and use fair division techniques to solve apportionment problems.

A.D.9.1. Use election theory techniques to analyze election data such as majority, plurality, runoff, approval, the Borda method in which points are assigned to preferences, and the Condorcet method in which each pair of candidates is run off head to head.

A.D.9.2. Use fair division techniques to divide continuous objects.

A.D.9.3. Use fair division techniques to solve apportionment problems.

A.D.10. Game Theory: Understand and use game theory methods to solve strictly determined games and non-strictly determined games.

A.D.10.1. Use game theory to solve strictly determined games.

A.D.10.2. Use game theory to solve non-strictly determined games.

A.D.10.3. Use game theory to create models for games.

A.D.10.4. Use game theory to find optimal mixed strategies such as expected values or payoff values.

A.D.11. Coding Theory, Compression and Cryptography: Understand coding of alphabets and simple encryption methods.

A.D.11.1. Use integer functions to encode alphabets and to create error-checking correcting codes.

A.D.11.2. Use permutations, combinations of digraph encoding and affine transformation and hash functions, to create encryption codes.

A.D.11.3. Demonstrate understanding of asymmetric public key cryptography algorithms such as RSA and Diffie-Hellman.

A.D.11.4. Demonstrate understanding of error-detecting and error-correcting codes and data compression through Huffman codes.

A.D.12. Algorithm Design: Understand methods of algorithm design and its relationship to data structures.

A.D.12.1. Designing algorithms using recurrence or iteration.

A.D.12.2. Design algorithms using divide-and-conquer.

A.D.12.3. Design algorithms using recursion.

A.D.12.4. Evaluate the efficiency of an algorithm including the order of complexity of algorithms.

A.D.12.5. Demonstrate understanding of the relationship of set theory, relations, functions, combinatorics, sequences, series, graph theory, and matrices to the design of data structures and algorithms.

A.D.12.6. Demonstrate understanding of the relationship of data structures to the design of algorithms and use this understanding to analyze algorithms.

OR.A.S. Advanced Statistics

A.S.1. Exploratory Data: Analyze summary measures of sets of data.

A.S.1.1. Construct, interpret, and summarize numerical characteristics of univariate data sets to describe patterns and departure from patterns, using measures of center, spread, and position.

A.S.1.2. Compare distributions of univariate data by comparing center and spread, clusters and gaps, outliers, and other unusual features and comparing shapes.

A.S.1.3. Explore bivariate data by analyzing patterns, correlation, linearity, least-squares regression line, residual plots, outliers, influential points, and transformations to achieve linearity.

A.S.1.4. Explore categorical data using frequency tables and bar charts; investigating marginal, joint and conditional relative frequencies; and by comparing distributions.

A.S.2. Sampling and Experimentation: Plan, conduct, and analyze well-designed methods of data collection.

A.S.2.1. Describe the methods of data collection. Evaluate how appropriate each method is relative to the purposes of various types of inquires and hypotheses under investigation given various population distributions.

A.S.2.2. Plan, analyze, and conduct a survey, and/or observational study; describe characteristics of a well-designed and well-conducted survey; explore various sampling methods including investigating sources of bias.

A.S.2.3. Plan, analyze, and conduct an experiment; describe characteristics and components of a well-designed and well-conducted experiment; explore various methods of experimental designs; and associated sources of bias and confounding.

A.S.2.4. Explore the generalizability of results and types of conclusions that can be drawn from observational studies, experiments, and surveys. Understand when each method is most appropriate, and explain the differences between the three methods.

A.S.3. Anticipating Patterns: Understand how probability can be applied as a tool used for anticipating what the distribution of data should look like under a given model.

A.S.3.1. Analyze probability by exploring such topics as ''Law of Large Numbers,'' addition and multiplication rule, conditional probability and independence, discrete random variables and their probability distributions, simulations of random behavior and mean, standard deviation, and learn how to select appropriate linear transformations of a random variable.

A.S.3.2. Explore the independence versus dependence of two random variables. Determine the mean and standard deviation for sum or difference of independent random variables.

A.S.3.3. Analyze the properties of the normal distribution; uses tables of the normal distribution; and explore a normal distribution as a model for measurements.

A.S.3.4. Explore sampling distributions to include: sampling distribution of a sample of proportion and mean; Binomial Distribution and Geometric Distribution; applying the Central Limit Theorem; investigating sampling distributions of a difference between two independent sample proportions and means; simulating a sampling distribution and; applying t-distributions and Chi-square distributions to the analysis of samples.

A.S.4. Statistical Inference: Estimate population parameters and test hypotheses.

A.S.4.1. Investigate the following: estimating population parameters, margins of error, confidence intervals, and properties of point estimators.

A.S.4.2. Explain the logic, meaning, and properties of confidence intervals and meaning of confidence levels. Apply this understanding to large sample confidence intervals for a: proportion, difference between two proportions, mean, difference between two means, and slope of a least-squares regression line.

A.S.4.3. Explain the logic of significance testing, null and alternative hypotheses; p-values; one-and two-sided tests; concepts of Type I and Type II errors; concept of power.

A.S.4.4. Apply various large sample tests for a proportion - i.e. difference between two proportions, mean, difference between two means, Chi-square test, and slope of a least squares regression line.

A.S.4.5. Understand how to read the results of a regression, and use this to make predictions of future events with a stated confidence.

OR.A.C. Advanced Calculus

A.C.1. Functions, Graphs, and Limits: Apply the concepts of limits, asymptotic and unbounded behavior and continuity to functions.

A.C.1.1. Define and apply the properties of limits of functions.

A.C.1.2. Investigate asymptotic and unbounded behavior in functions.

A.C.1.3. Use limits to define continuity and determine if a function is continuous.

A.C.2. Derivatives: Analyze, calculate and apply the concept of a derivative.

A.C.2.1. Investigate derivatives presented in numerical, graphic and various analytic contexts.

A.C.2.2. I

A.C.2.3. Apply derivatives to solve problems in various applications including distance, velocity, and acceleration and optimization problems.

A.C.2.4. Apply formulas to find derivatives both implicitly and explicitly, including using the product, quotient and chain rules.

A.C.3. Integrals: Analyze, calculate and apply the concept of an integral using.

A.C.3.1. Explore Riemann sums and other approximation techniques and apply them to approximate definite integrals.

A.C.3.2. Identify and use the properties of integrals.

A.C.3.3. Use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to evaluate definite integrals and represent a particular anti-derivative.

A.C.3.4. Find anti-derivatives directly from derivatives of basic functions and by the method of u-substitution.

A.C.3.5. Use integrals to evaluate volumes of revolution and volumes of known cross-sections.

A.C.3.6. Use initial conditions with separable differential equations to solve for specific anti-derivatives.

A.C.3.7. Use differential equations to produce slope fields and solve for specific equations using initial conditions.

OR.H.A. Algebra

H.1A. Algebra and Numeracy: Demonstrate a deep understanding of real numbers and algebraic symbols by fluently creating, manipulating, computing with, and determining equivalent expressions, both numeric and symbolic.

H.1A.1. Compare, order, and locate real numbers on a number line.

H.1A.2. Evaluate, compute with, and determine equivalent numeric and algebraic expressions with real numbers and variables that may also include absolute value, integer exponents, square roots, pi, and/or scientific notation.

H.1A.3. Express square roots in equivalent radical form and their decimal approximations when appropriate.

H.1A.4. Develop, identify, and/or justify equivalent algebraic expressions, equations, and inequalities using the properties of exponents, equality and inequality, as well as the commutative, associative, inverse, identity, and distributive properties.

H.1A.5. Factor quadratic expressions limited to factoring common monomial terms, perfect-square trinomials, differences of squares, and quadratics of the form x^2 + bx + c that factor over the integers.

H.2A. Algebra: Use linear equations and functions to represent relationships and solve linear equations, linear inequalities, systems of linear equations, and systems of linear inequalities.

H.2A.1. Identify, construct, extend, and analyze linear patterns and functional relationships that are expressed contextually, numerically, algebraically, graphically, in tables, or using geometric figures.

H.2A.2. Given a rule, a context, two points, a table of values, a graph, or a linear equation in either slope intercept or standard form, identify the slope of the line, determine the x and/or y intercept(s), and interpret the meaning of each.

H.2A.3. Determine the equation of a line given any of the following information: two points on the line, its slope and one point on the line, or its graph. Also, determine an equation of a new line, parallel or perpendicular to a given line, through a given point.

H.2A.4. Fluently convert among representations of linear relationships given in the form of a graph of a line, a table of values, or an equation of a line in slope-intercept and standard form.

H.2A.5. Given a linear function, interpret and analyze the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Solve for x given f(x) or solve for f(x) given x.

H.2A.6. Analyze how changing the parameters transforms the graph of f (x) =mx + b.

H.2A.7. Write, use, and solve linear equations and inequalities using graphical and symbolic methods with one or two variables. Represent solutions on a coordinate graph or number line.

H.2A.8. Solve systems of two linear equations graphically and algebraically, and solve systems of two linear inequalities graphically.

H.3A. Algebra: Use quadratic and exponential equations and functions to represent relationships.

H.3A.1. Given a quadratic or exponential function, identify or determine a corresponding table or graph.

H.3A.2. Given a table or graph that represents a quadratic or exponential function, extend the pattern to make predictions.

H.3A.3. Compare the characteristics of and distinguish among linear, quadratic, and exponential functions that are expressed in a table of values, a sequence, a context, algebraically, and/or graphically, and interpret the domain and range of each as it applies to a given context.

H.3A.4. Given a quadratic or exponential function, interpret and analyze the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, and evaluate the function for specific values of the domain.

H.3A.5. Given a quadratic equation of the form x^2 + bx + c = 0 with integral roots, determine and interpret the roots, the vertex of the parabola that is the graph of y = x^2 + bx + c, and an equation of its axis of symmetry graphically and algebraically.

OR.H.G. Geometry

H.1G. Geometry: Apply properties of two-dimensional figures.

H.1G.1. Identify, apply, and analyze angle relationships among two or more lines and a transversal to determine if lines are parallel, perpendicular, or neither.

H.1G.2. Apply theorems, properties, and definitions to determine, identify, and justify congruency or similarity of triangles and to classify quadrilaterals.

H.1G.3. Apply theorems of corresponding parts of congruent and similar figures to determine missing sides and angles of polygons.

H.1G.4. Use trigonometric ratios (sine, cosine and tangent) and the Pythagorean Theorem to solve for unknown lengths in right triangles.

H.1G.5. Determine the missing dimensions, angles, or area of regular polygons, quadrilaterals, triangles, circles, composite shapes, and shaded regions.

H.1G.6. Determine if three given lengths form a triangle. If the given lengths form a triangle, classify it as acute, right, or obtuse.

H.1G.7. In problems involving circles, apply theorems and properties of chords, tangents, and angles; and theorems and formulas of arcs and sectors.

H.2G. Geometry: Apply properties of three-dimensional solids.

H.2G.1. Identify, classify, model, sketch, and label representations of three-dimensional objects from nets and from different perspectives.

H.2G.2. Identify and apply formulas for surface area and volume of spheres; right solids, including rectangular prisms and pyramids; cones; and cylinders; and compositions thereof. Solve related context-based problems.

H.2G.3. Identify and apply formulas to solve for the missing dimensions of spheres and right solids, including rectangular prisms and pyramids, cones, and cylinders, both numerically and symbolically.

H.3G. Geometry: Transform and analyze figures.

H.3G.1. Recognize and identify line and rotational symmetry of two-dimensional figures.

H.3G.2. Identify and perform single and composite transformations of geometric figures in a plane, including translations, origin-centered dilations, reflections across either axis or y = +/- x, and rotations about the origin in multiples of 90 degrees.

H.3G.3. Apply a scale factor to determine similar two- and three-dimensional figures, are similar. Compare and compute their respective areas and volumes of similar figures.

H.3G.4. Apply slope, distance, and midpoint formulas to solve problems in a coordinate plane.

OR.H.S. Statistics

H.1S. Data Analysis: Analyze and interpret empirical data.

H.1S.1. Given a context, determine appropriate survey methods, analyze the strengths and limitations of a particular survey, observational study, experiment, or simulation, and the display of its data.

H.1S.2. Evaluate data-based reports by considering the source of the data, the design of the study, and the way the data was analyzed and displayed.

H.1S.3. Compare and draw conclusions about two or more data sets using graphical displays or central tendencies and range.

H.1S.4. Use or construct a scatter plot for a given data set, determine whether there is a (n) linear, quadratic, exponential, or no trend. If linear, determine if there is a positive or negative correlation among the data; and, if appropriate, sketch a line of best fit, and use it to make predictions.

H.1S.5. Construct, analyze, and interpret tables, scatter plots, frequency distributions, and histograms of data sets.

H.2S. Probability: Apply basic principles of probability.

H.2S.1. Identify, analyze, and use experimental and theoretical probability to estimate and calculate the probability of simple events.

H.2S.2. Determine the sample space of a probability experiment.

H.2S.3. Compute and interpret probabilities for independent, dependent, complementary, and compound events using various methods (e.g., diagrams, tables, area models, and counting techniques).

OR.A.A. Advanced Algebra

A.A.1. Relations and Functions: Analyze functions and relations (e.g. polynomial, absolute value, rational, radical, logarithmic, exponential, algebraic, piece-wise, and step functions).

A.A.1.1. Demonstrate an understanding of the concept of a function, use function notation, evaluate a function, determine whether or not a given relation is a function and determine whether or not a given function is one-to-one.

A.A.1.2. Determine the domain and range of a relation including those with restricted domains.

A.A.1.3. Represent a given relation in multiple ways and convert between each representation.

A.A.1.4. Determine whether a given relation is even, odd or neither and what this means in predicting behaviors.

A.A.1.5. Analyze the effect on the graph of a relation by changing its parameters and perform a given transformation.

A.A.1.6. Determine, verify, and graph the inverse of a function or relation (if it exists) and understand the reversing roles of domain and range.

A.A.1.7. Determine the composition of inverse functions and whether or not it is one-to-one.

A.A.1.8. Perform arithmetic operations on functions and determine the composition of functions.

A.A.1.9. Analyze the reciprocal of a function or relation.

A.A.1.10. Collect and analyze data to make predictions and to investigate scatterplots and to determine the equation for a curve of best fit including linear, power, exponential, and logarithmic functions.

A.A.1.11. Connect the relationships among the solution of an equation, zero of a function, x-intercept of a graph and the factors of a polynomial expression.

A.A.1.12. Find the x and y-intercepts of a function if they exist.

A.A.1.13. Identify, distinguish between, and describe the characteristics of the following functions in tabular, verbal, graphical or symbolic form: polynomial, power, absolute value, rational, radical, logarithmic, exponential, algebraic, piecewise, and step.

A.A.2. Inequalities, Piece-wise Functions, and Absolute Value Functions: Model and analyze piece-wise and absolute value functions. Solve inequalities and absolute value equations.

A.A.2.1. Graph, solve, and analyze inequalities in two variables.

A.A.2.2. Graph and analyze piece-wise functions.

A.A.2.3. Graph, solve, and analyze absolute value equations and inequalities.

A.A.3. Quadratic functions and other Conic Sections: Model and analyze quadratic functions. Solve quadratic equations and problems involving conics.

A.A.3.1. Perform operations on complex numbers and represent, apply and discuss the properties of complex numbers.

A.A.3.2. Derive the quadratic formula.

A.A.3.3. Solve quadratic equations using the zero product property, completing the square, the quadratic formula, and graphing.

A.A.3.4. Graph and analyze quadratic functions and relate the zeros to the discriminant.

A.A.3.5. Construct and solve quadratic inequalities in one and two variables.

A.A.3.6. Solve problems relating to conic sections including systems of equations and inequalities involving conics.

A.A.3.7. Graph and analyze equations of conic sections.

A.A.3.8. Determine conic equations from graphs or data.

A.A.4. Polynomial Functions: Model and analyze polynomial functions. Solve polynomial equations.

A.A.4.1. Perform operations on polynomial expressions.

A.A.4.2. Analyze and calculate permutations, combinations, and other systematic counting methods.

A.A.4.3. Understand and apply the binomial theorem and/or Pascal's triangle to expand binomial expressions.

A.A.4.4. Apply long (or synthetic) division, the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, Descartes Rule of Signs, the Intermediate Value Theorem and the Rational Root Theorem to analyze and/or determine the roots of a polynomial.

A.A.4.5. Find approximate solutions for polynomial equations using graphing technology.

A.A.4.6. Write a polynomial equation given its real and/or complex solutions.

A.A.4.7. Graph and analyze polynomial functions.

A.A.5. Radical Functions: Model and analyze radical functions. Solve radical equations.

A.A.5.1. Find equivalent expressions using the properties of rational exponents.

A.A.5.2. Perform arithmetic operations to simplify radical expressions.

A.A.5.3. Solve radical equations.

A.A.5.4. Graph and analyze radical functions.

A.A.6. Rational Functions: Model and analyze rational functions. Solve rational equations.

A.A.6.1. Find equivalent representations for rational expressions and identify restrictions.

A.A.6.2. Perform operations on rational expressions.

A.A.6.3. Solve algebraic proportions and rational equations.

A.A.6.4. Graph and analyze rational functions.

A.A.7. Logarithmic and Exponential Functions: Model and analyze logarithmic and exponential functions. Solve logarithmic and exponential equations.

A.A.7.1. Establish the inverse relationship between exponential and logarithmic functions.

A.A.7.2. Prove and apply the basic properties of logarithms.

A.A.7.3. Solve exponential and logarithmic equations.

A.A.7.4. Graph and analyze exponential and logarithmic functions.

A.A.8. Matrices, Systems of Equations and Inequalities: Analyze and apply various methods to graph and solve systems of equations and inequalities.

A.A.8.1. Use matrix operations and properties of matrices to solve problems.

A.A.8.2. Solve systems of linear equations in two or three variables algebraically, graphically, and/or with matrix algebra.

A.A.8.3. Analyze an inconsistent system of equations.

A.A.8.4. Solve systems of linear inequalities by graphing.

A.A.8.5. Interpret, analyze, and solve linear programming problems.

A.A.8.6. Solve nonlinear systems of equations algebraically and graphically, including linear-quadratic and quadratic-quadratic.

A.A.9. Sequences and Series: Analyze and evaluate sequences and series.

A.A.9.1. Define, recognize, and discriminate among arithmetic, geometric and other sequences and series.

A.A.9.2. Find the explicit and recursive formulas for arithmetic and geometric sequences and use these formulas to determine a specific term or term number.

A.A.9.3. Convert between a series and its sigma notation representation.

A.A.9.4. Find partial sums of arithmetic and geometric series and find sums of convergent infinite series.

A.A.9.5. Generate and describe other recursive sequences such as factorials and the Fibonacci sequence.

A.A.10. Parametric Equations: Model and analyze parametric equations.

A.A.10.1. Write and evaluate parametric equations.

A.A.10.2. Relate parametric equations to equivalent rectangular equations.

A.A.10.3. Analyze and describe graphs of parametric equations.

OR.A.T. Advanced Trigonometry

A.T.1. Triangle Trigonometry: Analyze and solve problems involving triangles.

A.T.1.1. Develop and apply the properties of special right triangles.

A.T.1.2. Develop, define, and apply right triangle trigonometric ratios.

A.T.1.3. Develop and apply the Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines.

A.T.1.4. Develop and apply the area formulas of a triangle.

A.T.2. Trigonometric Functions: Develop, apply, and graph the six trigonometric functions and their inverses in radians and degrees.

A.T.2.1. Define the six trigonometric functions, construct the unit circle, and use the unit circle to calculate the exact values of these functions for special angles.

A.T.2.2. Justify the relationship between the tangent of the angle that a line makes with the x-axis and the slope of the line.

A.T.2.3. Evaluate trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions.

A.T.2.4. Construct and analyze graphs of the six trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions.

A.T.2.5. Perform translations of trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions.

A.T.2.6. Solve problems using linear and angular velocity.

A.T.3. Trigonometric Identities and Equations: Derive and apply basic trigonometric identities and solve trigonometric equations.

A.T.3.1. Prove the Pythagorean Identities and other trigonometric identities and apply them to verify other identities and simplify trigonometric expressions.

A.T.3.2. Prove trigonometric identities and make substitutions using the basic identities.

A.T.3.3. Solve trigonometric equations.

A.T.4. Vectors in Two Dimensions: Solve problems involving vectors in the coordinate plane.

A.T.4.1. Perform operations on vectors.

A.T.4.2. Use vectors to model situations and solve problems.

A.T.5. Polar Coordinates and Complex Numbers: Understand and apply polar coordinates and complex numbers and their connection to trigonometric functions.

A.T.5.1. Define polar coordinates, relate them to rectangular coordinates, and fluently convert between the two.

A.T.5.2. Represent equations given in rectangular coordinates in terms of polar coordinates.

A.T.5.3. Graph equations in the polar coordinate plane.

A.T.5.4. Define complex numbers, convert complex numbers to trigonometric form, and multiply complex numbers in trigonometric form.

A.T.5.5. Derive and apply De Moivre's Theorem.

OR.A.D. Advanced Discrete Mathematics

A.D.1. Set Theory: Operate with sets and use set theory to solve problems.

A.D.1.1. Demonstrate understanding of the definitions of set equality, subset and null set.

A.D.1.2. Perform set operations such as union and intersection, difference, and complement.

A.D.1.3. Use Venn diagrams to explore relationships and patterns, and to make arguments about relationships between sets.

A.D.1.4. Demonstrate the ability to create the cross-product or set-theoretic product of two sets.

A.D.2. Relations and Functions: Demonstrate understanding of relations and functions.

A.D.2.1. Determine whether simple examples of discrete functions are injective and/or surjective.

A.D.2.2. Demonstrate ability to interpret examples of simple discrete functions by mapping elements from a discrete domain to a discrete range.

A.D.2.3. Demonstrate ability to produce the subset of the cross product of the domain and image of a relation corresponding to simple examples of relations.

A.D.2.4. Use concepts of reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity to establish that a relation is an equivalence relation.

A.D.2.5. Design simple algorithms such as hashing, checksum or error-correction functions

A.D.3. Modular Arithmetic: Demonstrate understanding of modular arithmetic and its relationship to set theory.

A.D.3.1. Perform modular arithmetic operations.

A.D.3.2. Demonstrate understanding of the relationship of modular arithmetic to two numbers being congruent modulo n.

A.D.3.3. Solve practical problems or develop algorithms using modular arithmetic or congruence relations such as creating error detection codes, calculating greatest common factor, and solving simple coin-change problems.

A.D.4. Graph Theory: Understand how graphs of vertices joined by edges can model relationships and be used to solve a wide variety of problems.

A.D.4.1. Use graphs to model and solve problems such as shortest paths, vertex coloring, critical paths, routing, and scheduling problems.

A.D.4.2. Convert from a graph to an adjacency matrix and vice versa.

A.D.4.3. Use directed graphs, spanning trees, rooted trees, binary trees, or decision trees to solve problems.

A.D.4.4. Demonstrate understanding of algorithms such as depth-first and breadth-first walk of a tree or maximal matching.

A.D.4.5. Use matching or bin-packing techniques to solve optimization and other problems.

A.D.4.6. Compare and contrast different graph algorithms in terms of efficiency and types of problems that can be solved.

A.D.5. Combinatorics and Discrete Probability: Understand and apply fundamental counting techniques in solving combinatorial and probability problems.

A.D.5.1. Produce all combinations and permutations of sets.

A.D.5.2. Calculate the number of combinations and permutations of sets of m items taken n at a time.

A.D.5.3. Apply basic fundamental counting principles such as The Pigeonhole Principle, Multiplication Principle, Addition Principle, and Binomial Theorem to practical problems.

A.D.5.4. Solve probability problems such as conditional probability, probability of simple events, mutually exclusive events, and independent events

A.D.5.5. Find the odds that an event will occur given the probabilities and vice versa.

A.D.6. Sequences and Series: Analyze and evaluate sequences and series.

A.D.6.1. Define, recognize, and discriminate among arithmetic, geometric and other sequences and series.

A.D.6.2. Find the explicit and recursive formulas for arithmetic and geometric sequences and use these formulas to determine a specific term or term number.

A.D.6.3. Convert between a series and its sigma notation representation.

A.D.6.4. Find partial sums of arithmetic and geometric series and find sums of convergent infinite series.

A.D.6.5. Generate and describe other recursive sequences such as factorials and the Fibonacci sequence.

A.D.7. Recurrence, Recursion and Induction: Understand and apply recurrence, recursive, and inductive methods to solve problems.

A.D.7.1. Use recursive and iterative thinking to solve problems such as population growth and decline, exponential functions, problems involving sequential change and compound interest.

A.D.7.2. Use finite differences to solve problems and to find explicit formulas for recurrence relations.

A.D.7.3. Use mathematical induction to prove recurrence relations and concepts in number theory such as sums of infinite integer series, divisibility statements, and parity statements.

A.D.7.4. Use mathematical induction to analyze the validity of an iterative algorithm.

A.D.7.5. Describe arithmetic and geometric sequences recursively.

A.D.7.6. Use understanding of relationship of finite and infinite geometric series, including how the concept of limits connects them.

A.D.7.7. Apply recurrence or recursion to the design and understanding of sorting and searching algorithms.

A.D.7.8. Analyze algorithms for efficiency, including how the number of steps grows as a function of the size of the problem.

A.D.7.9. Compare the efficiency of iterative and recursive solutions of a problem.

A.D.8. Logic: Understand the fundamentals of propositional logic, arguments, and methods of proof.

A.D.8.1. Use truth tables to determine truth values of compounded propositional statements.

A.D.8.2. Find the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of a statement.

A.D.8.3. Determine whether two propositions are logically equivalent.

A.D.8.4. Identify and give examples of undefined terms, definitions, axioms, and theorems.

A.D.8.5. Construct logical arguments using laws of detachment (modus ponens), syllogism, tautology, and contradiction; judge the validity of arguments, and give counterexamples to disprove statements.

A.D.8.6. Use applications of the universal and existential quantifiers to propositional statements.

A.D.8.7. Appropriately select and use methods of deductive, inductive, and indirect proof and determine whether a short proof is logically valid.

A.D.9. Social Choice: Analyze election data to evaluate different election methods and use weighted voting techniques to decide voting power within a group. Understand and use fair division techniques to solve apportionment problems.

A.D.9.1. Use election theory techniques to analyze election data such as majority, plurality, runoff, approval, the Borda method in which points are assigned to preferences, and the Condorcet method in which each pair of candidates is run off head to head.

A.D.9.2. Use fair division techniques to divide continuous objects.

A.D.9.3. Use fair division techniques to solve apportionment problems.

A.D.10. Game Theory: Understand and use game theory methods to solve strictly determined games and non-strictly determined games.

A.D.10.1. Use game theory to solve strictly determined games.

A.D.10.2. Use game theory to solve non-strictly determined games.

A.D.10.3. Use game theory to create models for games.

A.D.10.4. Use game theory to find optimal mixed strategies such as expected values or payoff values.

A.D.11. Coding Theory, Compression and Cryptography: Understand coding of alphabets and simple encryption methods.

A.D.11.1. Use integer functions to encode alphabets and to create error-checking correcting codes.

A.D.11.2. Use permutations, combinations of digraph encoding and affine transformation and hash functions, to create encryption codes.

A.D.11.3. Demonstrate understanding of asymmetric public key cryptography algorithms such as RSA and Diffie-Hellman.

A.D.11.4. Demonstrate understanding of error-detecting and error-correcting codes and data compression through Huffman codes.

A.D.12. Algorithm Design: Understand methods of algorithm design and its relationship to data structures.

A.D.12.1. Designing algorithms using recurrence or iteration.

A.D.12.2. Design algorithms using divide-and-conquer.

A.D.12.3. Design algorithms using recursion.

A.D.12.4. Evaluate the efficiency of an algorithm including the order of complexity of algorithms.

A.D.12.5. Demonstrate understanding of the relationship of set theory, relations, functions, combinatorics, sequences, series, graph theory, and matrices to the design of data structures and algorithms.

A.D.12.6. Demonstrate understanding of the relationship of data structures to the design of algorithms and use this understanding to analyze algorithms.

OR.A.S. Advanced Statistics

A.S.1. Exploratory Data: Analyze summary measures of sets of data.

A.S.1.1. Construct, interpret, and summarize numerical characteristics of univariate data sets to describe patterns and departure from patterns, using measures of center, spread, and position.

A.S.1.2. Compare distributions of univariate data by comparing center and spread, clusters and gaps, outliers, and other unusual features and comparing shapes.

A.S.1.3. Explore bivariate data by analyzing patterns, correlation, linearity, least-squares regression line, residual plots, outliers, influential points, and transformations to achieve linearity.

A.S.1.4. Explore categorical data using frequency tables and bar charts; investigating marginal, joint and conditional relative frequencies; and by comparing distributions.

A.S.2. Sampling and Experimentation: Plan, conduct, and analyze well-designed methods of data collection.

A.S.2.1. Describe the methods of data collection. Evaluate how appropriate each method is relative to the purposes of various types of inquires and hypotheses under investigation given various population distributions.

A.S.2.2. Plan, analyze, and conduct a survey, and/or observational study; describe characteristics of a well-designed and well-conducted survey; explore various sampling methods including investigating sources of bias.

A.S.2.3. Plan, analyze, and conduct an experiment; describe characteristics and components of a well-designed and well-conducted experiment; explore various methods of experimental designs; and associated sources of bias and confounding.

A.S.2.4. Explore the generalizability of results and types of conclusions that can be drawn from observational studies, experiments, and surveys. Understand when each method is most appropriate, and explain the differences between the three methods.

A.S.3. Anticipating Patterns: Understand how probability can be applied as a tool used for anticipating what the distribution of data should look like under a given model.

A.S.3.1. Analyze probability by exploring such topics as ''Law of Large Numbers,'' addition and multiplication rule, conditional probability and independence, discrete random variables and their probability distributions, simulations of random behavior and mean, standard deviation, and learn how to select appropriate linear transformations of a random variable.

A.S.3.2. Explore the independence versus dependence of two random variables. Determine the mean and standard deviation for sum or difference of independent random variables.

A.S.3.3. Analyze the properties of the normal distribution; uses tables of the normal distribution; and explore a normal distribution as a model for measurements.

A.S.3.4. Explore sampling distributions to include: sampling distribution of a sample of proportion and mean; Binomial Distribution and Geometric Distribution; applying the Central Limit Theorem; investigating sampling distributions of a difference between two independent sample proportions and means; simulating a sampling distribution and; applying t-distributions and Chi-square distributions to the analysis of samples.

A.S.4. Statistical Inference: Estimate population parameters and test hypotheses.

A.S.4.1. Investigate the following: estimating population parameters, margins of error, confidence intervals, and properties of point estimators.

A.S.4.2. Explain the logic, meaning, and properties of confidence intervals and meaning of confidence levels. Apply this understanding to large sample confidence intervals for a: proportion, difference between two proportions, mean, difference between two means, and slope of a least-squares regression line.

A.S.4.3. Explain the logic of significance testing, null and alternative hypotheses; p-values; one-and two-sided tests; concepts of Type I and Type II errors; concept of power.

A.S.4.4. Apply various large sample tests for a proportion - i.e. difference between two proportions, mean, difference between two means, Chi-square test, and slope of a least squares regression line.

A.S.4.5. Understand how to read the results of a regression, and use this to make predictions of future events with a stated confidence.

OR.A.C. Advanced Calculus

A.C.1. Functions, Graphs, and Limits: Apply the concepts of limits, asymptotic and unbounded behavior and continuity to functions.

A.C.1.1. Define and apply the properties of limits of functions.

A.C.1.2. Investigate asymptotic and unbounded behavior in functions.

A.C.1.3. Use limits to define continuity and determine if a function is continuous.

A.C.2. Derivatives: Analyze, calculate and apply the concept of a derivative.

A.C.2.1. Investigate derivatives presented in numerical, graphic and various analytic contexts.

A.C.2.2. I

A.C.2.3. Apply derivatives to solve problems in various applications including distance, velocity, and acceleration and optimization problems.

A.C.2.4. Apply formulas to find derivatives both implicitly and explicitly, including using the product, quotient and chain rules.

A.C.3. Integrals: Analyze, calculate and apply the concept of an integral using.

A.C.3.1. Explore Riemann sums and other approximation techniques and apply them to approximate definite integrals.

A.C.3.2. Identify and use the properties of integrals.

A.C.3.3. Use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to evaluate definite integrals and represent a particular anti-derivative.

A.C.3.4. Find anti-derivatives directly from derivatives of basic functions and by the method of u-substitution.

A.C.3.5. Use integrals to evaluate volumes of revolution and volumes of known cross-sections.

A.C.3.6. Use initial conditions with separable differential equations to solve for specific anti-derivatives.

A.C.3.7. Use differential equations to produce slope fields and solve for specific equations using initial conditions.