Oklahoma State Standards for Language Arts: Grade 2

OK.R/L. Reading/Literature: The student will apply a wide range of strategies to comprehend, interpret, evaluate, appreciate, and respond to a wide variety of texts.

R/L.1. Phonological/Phonemic Awareness - The student will demonstrate the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate words, syllables, onsets, rimes, and individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words.

1.1. Demonstrate an awareness of the sounds that are made by different letters by distinguishing beginning, middle, and ending sounds in words, rhyming words, and clearly pronouncing blends and vowel sounds.

1.1.a. Segment and blend the phonemes of one- and two-syllable words.

1.1.b. Substitute a phoneme change to a word.

R/L.2. Phonics/Decoding - The student will apply sound-symbol relationships to decode unknown words.

2.1. Phonetic Analysis

2.1.a. Use consonant sounds in beginning, medial, and final positions.

2.1.b. Use short, long, and r-controlled vowel sounds.

2.1.c. Use blends, digraphs, and diphthongs.

2.2. Structural Analysis

2.2.a. Build and understand compound words, contractions, and base words using prefixes and suffixes.

2.2.b. Apply knowledge of basic syllabication rules to decode words in text.

R/L.3. Vocabulary - The student will develop and expand knowledge of words and word meanings to increase vocabulary.

3.1. Words in Context - Expand vocabulary in language and writing by reading and listening to a variety of text and literature.

3.2. Synonyms, Antonyms, and Homonyms/Homophones - Understand and explain common antonyms (words with opposite meanings), synonyms (words with the same meanings), and homonyms/homophones (words which sound the same but have different spellings and meanings, e.g., bear and bare).

3.3. Affixes - Know the meaning of simple prefixes and suffixes.

R/L.4. Fluency - The student will identify words rapidly so that attention is directed at the meaning of the text.

4.1. Read regularly in independent-level text (text in which no more than 1 in 20 words is difficult for the reader) effortlessly and with expression.

4.2. Read regularly in instructional-level text that is challenging yet manageable (texts in which no more than 1 in 10 words is difficult for the reader).

4.3. Engage in repeated readings of same text to increase fluency.

4.4. Accurately and fluently read 200-300 high frequency and/or irregularly spelled words in meaningful text.

4.5. Use punctuation cues in text (i.e., commas, periods, question marks, and exclamation points) as a guide to understanding meaning.

R/L.5. Comprehension/Critical Literacy - The student will interact with the words and concepts in a text to construct an appropriate meaning.

5.1. Literal Understanding

5.1.a. Read and comprehend both fiction and nonfiction that is appropriately designed for second grade.

5.1.b. Use prereading strategies to preview, activate prior knowledge, make predictions, use picture clues, and establish the purpose for reading (i.e., graphic organizers).

5.1.c. Ask and respond to questions to aid comprehension about important elements of fiction and nonfiction.

5.2. Inferences and Interpretation

5.2.a. Make inferences about events, characters, and ideas in fictional texts by connecting knowledge and experience to the story.

5.2.b. Support interpretations or conclusions with examples taken from the text.

5.3. Summary and Generalization

5.3.a. Retell or act out narrative text by identifying story elements and sequencing the events.

5.3.b. Produce oral or written summaries of text selections by discussing who, what, when, where, why, and how to identify the main idea and significant supporting details of a text.

5.4. Analysis and Evaluation

5.4.a. Identify cause and effect relationships in a text.

5.4.b. Make comparisons and draw conclusions based on what is read.

5.4.c. Describe character traits, changes, and relationships.

5.5. Monitoring and Correction Strategies - Integrate the use of semantics, syntax, and graphophonic cues to gain meaning from the text.

R/L.6. Literature: The student will read to construct meaning and respond to a wide variety of literary forms.

6.1. Literary Genres - Demonstrate knowledge of and appreciation for various forms (genres) of literature.

6.2. Literary Elements - Demonstrate knowledge of literary elements and techniques and how they affect the development of a literary work.

6.2.a. Compare different endings to stories and identify the reasons and the impact of the different ending.

6.2.b. Compare plots, settings, and characters presented in several texts by the same author (i.e., author studies).

6.2.c. Infer the lesson or moral in a variety of texts (e.g., multicultural tales, fables, legends, and myths).

6.3. Figurative Language and Sound Devices - The student will identify figurative language and sound devices in writing and how they affect the development of a literary work.

R/L.7. Research and Information - The student will conduct research and organize information.

7.1. Accessing Information - Select the best source for a given purpose.

7.1.a. Identify the purposes of various reference materials such as a dictionary, a thesaurus, and an atlas.

7.1.b. Alphabetize to the second letter.

7.1.c. Use guide words to locate words in dictionaries and topics in encyclopedias.

7.1.d. Use title page, table of contents, glossary, and index to locate information.

7.1.e. Use and interpret charts, maps, graphs, schedules, and directions.

7.2. Interpreting Information - Analyze and evaluate information from a variety of sources.

OK.W/G/UM. Writing/Grammar/Usage and Mechanics: The student will express ideas effectively in written modes for a variety of purposes and audiences.

W/G/UM.1. Writing Process - The student will use the writing process to write coherently.

1.2. Use a process approach to write coherently, using developmentally appropriate steps of the writing process: prewriting, drafting, revising, editing or proofreading, and publishing or sharing.

1.3. Organize related ideas together to maintain a consistent focus by establishing a beginning, middle, and ending.

W/G/UM.2. Modes and Forms of Writing - The student will communicate through a variety of written forms and for various purposes and to a specific audience or person.

2.2.c. Use details to support the main idea.

2.3. Write ''thank you'' notes, friendly letters (identifying the five parts), and invitations.

2.4. Make journal entries.

2.5. Create simple rhymes and poems.

W/G/UM.3. Grammar/Usage and Mechanics: The student will demonstrate appropriate practices in writing by applying Standard English conventions to the revising and editing stages of writing.

3.1.a. Singular and plural nouns

3.1.b. Common and proper nouns

3.1.c. Pronouns

3.1.d. Subjects (naming part) and predicates (action part)

3.1.e. Present and past tense verbs

3.1.f. Helping verbs

3.1.g. Adjectives

3.1.h. Contractions (e.g., I'm, You're)

3.2.a. Capitalize all proper nouns (names of specific people or things, such as Mike, Indian, Jeep), greetings, months and days of the week, titles (Dr., Mr., Mrs., and Miss), and initials of people.

3.2.b. Capitalize correctly the first word in a sentence and the pronoun ''I.''

3.3.a. Correctly use end punctuation.

3.3.b. Use commas correctly in dates.

3.3.c. Use apostrophes correctly in contractions.

3.3.d. Use quotation marks to show that someone is speaking.

3.3.e. Use period in common abbreviations.

3.4. Sentence Structure: The student will demonstrate appropriate sentence structure in writing.

3.5. Spelling: Students are expected to demonstrate appropriate application of spelling knowledge to the revising and editing stages of writing.

3.5.a. Spell correctly words with short and long vowel sounds, r-controlled vowels, and consonant vowel patterns.

3.5.b. Spell frequently used words with irregular spelling patterns.

3.5.c. Spell prefixes and suffixes correctly.

3.5.d. Recognize the use of homophones/homonyms in spelling.

3.6. Handwriting: Students are expected to demonstrate appropriate handwriting in the writing process.

OK.OL/LS. Oral Language/Listening and Speaking: The student will demonstrate thinking skills in listening and speaking.

OL/LS.1. Listening - The student will listen for information and for pleasure.

OL/LS.2. Speaking - The student will express ideas and opinions in group or individual situations.

OL/LS.3. Group Interaction - The student will use effective communication strategies in pairs and small group context.

OK.VL. Visual Literacy: The student will interpret, evaluate, and compose visual messages.

VL.1. Interpret Meaning - The student will interpret and evaluate the various ways visual image-makers, including graphic artists, illustrators, and news photographers, represent meaning.

VL.2. Evaluate Media - The student will evaluate visual and electronic media, such as film, as compared with print media.