Oklahoma State Standards for Language Arts: Grade 10

OK.R/L. Reading/Literature: The student will apply a wide range of strategies to comprehend, interpret, evaluate, appreciate, and respond to a wide variety of texts.

R/L.1. Vocabulary - The student will expand vocabulary through word study, literature, and class discussion. Apply a knowledge of word origins (words from other languages, history, or literature) to determine the meaning of new words encountered in reading and use of those words accurately.

1.1. Apply a knowledge of Greek (e.g., tele/phone, micro/phone), Latin (e.g., flex/ible), and Anglo-Saxon (e.g., un/friend/ly) roots, prefixes, and suffixes to determine word meanings.

1.2. Research word origins as an aid to understanding meaning, derivations, and spelling as well as influences on the English language.

1.3. Use reference material such as glossary, dictionary, thesaurus, and available technology to determine precise meaning and usage.

1.4. Discriminate between connotative and denotative meanings and interpret the connotative power of words.

1.5. Use word meanings within the appropriate context and verify these meanings by definition, restatement, example, and analogy.

R/L.2. Comprehension - The student will interact with the words and concepts on the page to understand what the writer has said. Read and understand grade-level-appropriate material. Analyze the organizational patterns and evaluate authors' argument and position. At Grade 10, in addition to regular classroom reading, read a wide variety of classic and contemporary literature, poetry, magazines, newspapers, reference materials, and online information as well as expository (informational and technical) texts.

2.1. Literal Understanding

2.1.a. Identify the structures and format of various informational documents and explain how authors use the features to achieve their purpose.

2.1.b. Understand specific devices an author uses to accomplish purpose (persuasive techniques, style, literary forms or genre, portrayal of themes, language).

2.1.c. Use a range of automatic monitoring and self-correcting methods (e.g., rereading, slowing down, subvocalizing, consulting resources, questioning).

2.1.d. Recognize signal/transitional words and phrases and their contributions to the meaning of the text (e.g., however, in spite of, for example, consequently).

2.2. Inferences and Interpretation

2.2.a. Use elements of the text to defend responses and interpretations.

2.2.b. Draw inferences such as conclusions, generalizations, and predictions, and support them with text evidence and personal experience.

2.2.c. Investigate influences on a reader's response to a text (e.g., personal experience and values; perspective shaped by age, gender, class, nationality).

2.3. Summary and Generalization

2.3.a. Determine the main idea, locate and interpret minor or subtly stated details in complex passages.

2.3.b. Use text features and elements to support inferences and generalizations about information.

2.3.c. Summarize and paraphrase complex, implicit, hierarchic structures in informational texts, including relationships among concepts and details in those structures.

2.4. Analysis and Evaluation

2.4.a. Discriminate between fact and opinion and fiction and nonfiction.

2.4.b. Evaluate deceptive and/or faulty arguments in persuasive texts.

2.4.c. Analyze the structure and format of informational and literary documents and explain how authors use the features to achieve their purposes.

2.4.d. Analyze techniques (e.g., language, organization, tone, context) used to convey opinions or impressions.

R/L.3. Literature - The student will read, construct meaning, and respond to a wide variety of literary forms. Read and respond to grade-level-appropriate historically or culturally significant works of British, American, and world literature. Conduct in-depth analysis of themes, styles, and trends of these works across historical periods. Participate productively in self-directed work teams to create observable products.

3.1. Literary Genres - Demonstrate a knowledge of and an appreciation for various forms of literature.

3.1.a. Analyze the characteristics of genres including short story, novel, drama, narrative and lyric poetry, and essay.

3.1.b. Analyze the characteristics of subgenres such as satire, sonnet, epic, myths and legends, mystery, and editorials.

3.2. Literary Elements - Demonstrate knowledge of literary elements and techniques and show how they affect the development of a literary work.

3.2.a. Describe and analyze elements of fiction including plot, conflict, character, setting, theme, mood and point of view with emphasis on how they are addressed and resolved.

3.2.b. Explain how an author's viewpoint, or choice of a narrator affects the characterization and the tone, plot, mood and credibility of a text.

3.2.c. Analyze characters' traits by what the characters say about themselves in narration, dialogue, and soliloquy (when they speak out loud to themselves).

3.2.d. Evaluate the significance of various literary devices and techniques, including imagery, irony, tone, allegory (the use of fictional figures and actions to express truths about human experiences), and symbolism (the use of symbols to represent an idea or theme), and explain their appeal.

3.2.e. Evaluate the author's purpose and the development of time and sequence, including the use of complex literary devices, such as foreshadowing (providing clues to future events) or flashbacks (interrupting the sequence of events to include information about an event that happened in the past).

3.3. Figurative Language and Sound Devices - Identify and use figurative language and sound devices in writing and recognize how they affect the development of a literary work.

3.3.a. Identify and use figurative language such as analogy, hyperbole, metaphor, personification, and simile.

3.3.b. Identify and use sound devices such as rhyme, alliteration, and onomatopoeia.

3.3.c. Analyze the melodies of literary language, including its use of evocative words, rhythms and rhymes.

3.4. Literary Works - The student will read and respond to historically and culturally significant works of literature.

3.4.a. Analyze and evaluate works of literature and the historical context in which they were written.

3.4.b. Analyze and evaluate literature from various cultures to broaden cultural awareness.

3.4.c. Compare works that express the recurrence of archetypal (universal modes or patterns) characters, settings, and themes in literature and provide evidence to support the ideas expressed in each work.

R/L.4. Research and Information: The student will conduct research and organize information.

4.1. Accessing Information - Select the best source for a given purpose.

4.1.a. Access information from a variety of primary and secondary sources.

4.1.b. Skim text for an overall impression and scan text for particular information.

4.1.c. Use organizational strategies as an aid to comprehend increasingly difficult content material (e.g., compare/contrast, cause/effect, problem/solution, sequential order).

4.2. Interpreting Information - Analyze and evaluate information from a variety of sources.

4.2.a. Summarize, paraphrase, and/or quote relevant information.

4.2.b. Determine the author's viewpoint to evaluate source credibility and reliability.

4.2.c. Synthesize information from multiple sources to draw conclusions that go beyond those found in any of the individual studies.

4.2.d. Identify complexities and inconsistencies in the information and the different perspectives found in each medium, including almanacs, microfiche, news sources, in-depth field studies, speeches, journals, technical documents, or Internet sources.

OK.W/G/UM. Writing/Grammar/Usage and Mechanics: The student will express ideas effectively in written modes for a variety of purposes and audiences. Discuss ideas for writing with other writers. Write coherent and focused essays that show a well-defined point of view and tightly reasoned argument. Use the stages of the writing process. Work independently and in self-directed work teams to edit and revise.

W/G/UM.1. Writing Process - The student will use the writing process to write coherently.

1.1.a. use prewriting strategies to generate ideas such as brainstorming, using graphic organizers, keeping notes and logs.

1.1.b. develop multiple drafts both alone and collaboratively to categorize ideas, organizing them into paragraphs, and blending paragraphs into larger text.

1.1.c. organize and reorganize drafts and refine style to suit occasion, audience, and purpose.

1.1.d. proofread writing for appropriateness of organization, content, and style.

1.1.e. edit for specific purposes such as to ensure standard usage, varied sentence structure, appropriate word choice, mechanics, and spelling.

1.1.f. refine selected pieces frequently to publish for general and specific audiences.

1.6. Evaluate own writing and others' writing (e.g., determine the best features of a piece of writing, determine how own writing achieves its purpose, ask for feedback, respond to classmates' writing).

W/G/UM.2. Modes and Forms of Writing - The student will write for a variety of purposes and audiences using narrative, descriptive, expository, persuasive, and reflective modes. At Grade 10, use the rhetorical strategies of narration, exposition, persuasion, reflection, or description to produce text of at least 750 to 1000 words. Compose business letters. Demonstrate a command of Standard English and the research, organization, and drafting strategies outlined in the writing process. Writing demonstrates an awareness of the audience (intended reader) and purpose for writing.

2.1.e. present action segments to accommodate changes in time and mood.

2.2.d. include a variety of reference sources such as pictorial, audio, and Internet sources, to locate information in support of topic.

2.2.e. include visual aids using technology to organize and record information on charts, data tables, maps, and graphs.

2.2.f. identify and address reader's potential misunderstanding, biases, and expectations.

2.2.g. use technical terms and notations accurately.

2.3.d. address reader's concerns, counterclaims, biases, and expectations.

2.5. Write reflective papers that may address one of the following purposes:

2.5.a. express the individual's insight into conditions or situations.

2.5.b. compare a scene from a work of fiction with a lesson learned from experience.

2.5.c. complete a self-evaluation on a class performance.

2.6. Use appropriate essay test-taking and time-writing strategies that:

2.6.a. address and analyze the question (prompt).

2.6.b. use organizational methods required by the prompt.

2.7. Write responses to literature that:

2.7.a. demonstrate a comprehensive grasp of the significant ideas of literary works.

2.7.b. support important ideas and viewpoints through accurate and detailed reference to the text or other works.

2.7.c. demonstrate awareness of author's style and an appreciation of the effects created.

2.7.d. identify and assess the impact of ambiguities, nuances, and complexities within the text.

2.7.e. extend writing by changing mood, plot, characterization, or voice.

2.8. Write for different purposes and audiences, adjusting tone, style, and voice as appropriate and continue to produce other writing forms introduced in earlier grades.

2.9. Write documented papers incorporating the techniques of Modern Language Association (MLA) or similar parenthetical styles.

W/G/UM.3. Grammar/Usage and Mechanics - The student will demonstrate appropriate practices in writing by applying Standard English conventions of the revising and editing stages of writing. Work independently and in self-directed work teams to revise and edit.

3.1.c. Use correct subject-verb agreement.

3.1.d. Distinguish active and passive voice.

3.1.e. Use correct pronoun/antecedent agreement and clear pronoun reference.

3.1.f. Use correct forms of comparative and superlative adjectives.

3.3.d. Correct fragments.

OK.OL/LS. Oral Language/Listening and Speaking: The student will demonstrate thinking skills in listening and speaking. Formulate thoughtful judgments about oral communication. Deliver focused and coherent presentations that convey clear and distinct perspectives and solid reasoning. Deliver polished formal and extemporaneous presentations that combine the traditional speech strategies of narration, exposition, persuasion, and description. Use gestures, tone, and vocabulary appropriate to the audience and purpose. Use the same Standard English conventions for oral speech that are used in writing.

OL/LS.1. Listening - The student will listen for information and for pleasure.

OL/LS.2. Speaking - The student will express ideas and opinions in group or individual situations.

OK.VL. Visual Literacy: The student will interpret, evaluate, and compose visual messages.

VL.1. Interpret Meaning - The student will interpret and evaluate the various ways visual image-makers such as graphic artists, illustrators, and news photographers represent meaning.

VL.2. Evaluate Media - The student will evaluate visual and electronic media, such as film, as compared with print messages.

VL.3. Compose Visual Messages - The student will create a visual message that effectively communicates an idea.