New Jersey State Standards for Social Studies:

NJ.6.1. Social Studies Skills: All students will utilize historical thinking, problem solving, and research skills to maximize their understanding of civics, history, geography, and economics.

6.1.A. Social Studies Skills

6.1.A.1. Explain the concepts of long ago and far away. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.1.

6.1.A.2. Apply terms related to time including past, present, and future. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.2.

6.1.A.3. Identify sources of information on local, national, and international events (e.g., books, newspaper, TV, radio, Internet). 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.3.

6.1.A.4. Retell events or stories with accuracy and appropriate sequencing. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.4.

6.1.A.5. Develop simple timelines. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.5.

NJ.6.2. Civics: All students will know, understand and appreciate the values and principles of American democracy and the rights, responsibilities, and roles of a citizen in the nation and the world.

6.2.A. Civic Life, Politics, and Government

6.2.A.1. Explain the need for rules, laws, and government. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.1.

6.2.A.2. Give examples of authority and recognize problems that might arise from lack of effective authority. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.2.

6.2.A.3. Describe how American citizens can participate in community and political life. 19
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.3.

6.2.A.4. Explain that justice means fairness to all. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.4.

6.2.A.5. Explain that a responsibility means something you must or should do. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.5.

6.2.A.6. Explore basic concepts of diversity, tolerance, fairness, and respect for others. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.6.

6.2.B. American Values and Principles

6.2.B.1. Identify symbols of American values and beliefs such as the American Flag and the Statue of Liberty. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.1.

6.2.C. The Constitution and American Democracy

6.2.C.1. Identify community and government leaders (e.g., mayor, town council, President of the United States). 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.1.

6.2.D. Citizenship

6.2.D.1. Identify examples of responsible citizenship in the school setting. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.1.

6.2.D.2. Recognize real people and fictional characters who have demonstrated responsible leadership and citizenship and identify the characteristics that have made them good examples. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.2.

6.2.E. International Education: Global Challenges, Cultures, and Connections

6.2.E.1. Explain that the United States is a diverse nation and one of many nations in the world. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.1.

6.2.E.2. Identify traditions and celebrations of various cultures (e.g., Chinese New Year, Cinco de Mayo). 26
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.2.

6.2.E.3. Participate in activities such as dance, song, and games that represent various cultures. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.3.

NJ.6.3. World History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of world history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and the future.

6.3.A. The Birth of Civilization to 1000 BCE

NJ.6.4. United States and New Jersey History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of United States and New Jersey history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and future.

6.4.A. Family and Community Life

6.4.A.1. Recognize change and continuity in their lives. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.1.

6.4.A.2. Describe their family history through two generations. 34
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.2.

6.4.A.3. Compare family life today with long ago. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.3.

6.4.A.4. Tell about their family heritage using stories, songs, and drawings. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.4.

6.4.B. State and Nation

6.4.B.1. Recognize the names of major figures in American history, including George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Sacajawea, Harriet Tubman, Susan B. Anthony, and Martin Luther King Jr. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.1.

6.4.B.2. Discuss the contributions of important women, African Americans, and Native Americans to United States and New Jersey history. 24
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.2.

6.4.B.3. Explain the historical significance of major national holidays (e.g. Independence Day, Labor Day) and American symbols. 25
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.3.

6.4.B.4. Relate why important national buildings, statues, and monuments are associated with our national history.

NJ.6.5. Economics: All students will acquire an understanding of key economic principles.

6.5.A. Economic Literacy

6.5.A.1. Identify the basic goods and services a family needs for everyday life. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.1.

6.5.A.2. Explain how the products individuals eat, wear, and use impact their health and safety and the environment.

6.5.A.3. Identify various forms of currency (e.g., penny, nickel, quarter, dollar). 21
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.3.

6.5.A.4. Explain what it means to 'save' money. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.4.

6.5.B. Economics and Society

6.5.B.1. Identify various jobs and explain how workers in these jobs receive income for their work. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.1.

NJ.6.6. Geography: All students will apply knowledge of spatial relationships and other geographic skills to understand human behavior in relation to the physical and cultural environment.

6.6.A. The World in Spatial Terms

6.6.A.1. Explain the spatial concepts of location, distance and direction. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.1.

6.6.A.2. Explain that the globe is a model of the earth and maps are representations of local and distant places. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.2.

6.6.A.3. Demonstrate basic globe and map skills. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.3.

6.6.B. Places and Regions

6.6.B.1. Describe the physical features of places and regions on a simple scale. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.1.

6.6.B.2. Describe the physical and human characteristics of places. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.2.

6.6.C. Physical Systems

6.6.C.1. Recognize that the relationship of the Earth to the sun affects weather conditions, climate, and seasons. 37
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.1.

6.6.D. Human Systems

6.6.D.1. Identify the types of transportation used to move goods and people. 33
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.1.

6.6.D.2. Identify the modes of communication used to transmit ideas. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.2.

6.6.E. Environment and Society

6.6.E.1. Describe the role of resources such as air, land, water, and plants in everyday life. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.1.

6.6.E.2. Describe the impact of weather on everyday life. 67
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.2.

6.6.E.3. Act on small-scale, personalized environmental issues such as littering and recycling, and explain why such actions are important. 20
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.3.

NJ.6.1. Social Studies Skills: All students will utilize historical thinking, problem solving, and research skills to maximize their understanding of civics, history, geography, and economics.

6.1.A. Social Studies Skills

6.1.A.1. Explain the concepts of long ago and far away. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.1.

6.1.A.2. Apply terms related to time including past, present, and future. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.2.

6.1.A.3. Identify sources of information on local, national, and international events (e.g., books, newspaper, TV, radio, Internet). 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.3.

6.1.A.4. Retell events or stories with accuracy and appropriate sequencing. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.4.

6.1.A.5. Develop simple timelines. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.5.

NJ.6.2. Civics: All students will know, understand and appreciate the values and principles of American democracy and the rights, responsibilities, and roles of a citizen in the nation and the world.

6.2.A. Civic Life, Politics, and Government

6.2.A.1. Explain the need for rules, laws, and government. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.1.

6.2.A.2. Give examples of authority and recognize problems that might arise from lack of effective authority. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.2.

6.2.A.3. Describe how American citizens can participate in community and political life. 20
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.3.

6.2.A.4. Explain that justice means fairness to all. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.4.

6.2.A.5. Explain that a responsibility means something you must or should do. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.5.

6.2.A.6. Explore basic concepts of diversity, tolerance, fairness, and respect for others. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.6.

6.2.B. American Values and Principles

6.2.B.1. Identify symbols of American values and beliefs such as the American Flag and the Statue of Liberty. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.1.

6.2.C. The Constitution and American Democracy

6.2.C.1. Identify community and government leaders (e.g., mayor, town council, President of the United States). 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.1.

6.2.D. Citizenship

6.2.D.1. Identify examples of responsible citizenship in the school setting. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.1.

6.2.D.2. Recognize real people and fictional characters who have demonstrated responsible leadership and citizenship and identify the characteristics that have made them good examples. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.2.

6.2.E. International Education: Global Challenges, Cultures, and Connections

6.2.E.1. Explain that the United States is a diverse nation and one of many nations in the world. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.1.

6.2.E.2. Identify traditions and celebrations of various cultures (e.g., Chinese New Year, Cinco de Mayo). 53
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.2.

6.2.E.3. Participate in activities such as dance, song, and games that represent various cultures. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.3.

NJ.6.3. World History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of world history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and the future.

6.3.A. The Birth of Civilization to 1000 BCE

NJ.6.4. United States and New Jersey History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of United States and New Jersey history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and future.

6.4.A. Family and Community Life

6.4.A.1. Recognize change and continuity in their lives. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.1.

6.4.A.2. Describe their family history through two generations. 34
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.2.

6.4.A.3. Compare family life today with long ago. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.3.

6.4.A.4. Tell about their family heritage using stories, songs, and drawings. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.4.

6.4.B. State and Nation

6.4.B.1. Recognize the names of major figures in American history, including George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Sacajawea, Harriet Tubman, Susan B. Anthony, and Martin Luther King Jr. 72
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.1.

6.4.B.2. Discuss the contributions of important women, African Americans, and Native Americans to United States and New Jersey history. 35
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.2.

6.4.B.3. Explain the historical significance of major national holidays (e.g. Independence Day, Labor Day) and American symbols. 27
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.3.

6.4.B.4. Relate why important national buildings, statues, and monuments are associated with our national history.

NJ.6.5. Economics: All students will acquire an understanding of key economic principles.

6.5.A. Economic Literacy

6.5.A.1. Identify the basic goods and services a family needs for everyday life. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.1.

6.5.A.2. Explain how the products individuals eat, wear, and use impact their health and safety and the environment. 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.2.

6.5.A.3. Identify various forms of currency (e.g., penny, nickel, quarter, dollar). 24
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.3.

6.5.A.4. Explain what it means to 'save' money. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.4.

6.5.B. Economics and Society

6.5.B.1. Identify various jobs and explain how workers in these jobs receive income for their work. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.1.

NJ.6.6. Geography: All students will apply knowledge of spatial relationships and other geographic skills to understand human behavior in relation to the physical and cultural environment.

6.6.A. The World in Spatial Terms

6.6.A.1. Explain the spatial concepts of location, distance and direction. 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.1.

6.6.A.2. Explain that the globe is a model of the earth and maps are representations of local and distant places. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.2.

6.6.A.3. Demonstrate basic globe and map skills. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.3.

6.6.B. Places and Regions

6.6.B.1. Describe the physical features of places and regions on a simple scale. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.1.

6.6.B.2. Describe the physical and human characteristics of places. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.2.

6.6.C. Physical Systems

6.6.C.1. Recognize that the relationship of the Earth to the sun affects weather conditions, climate, and seasons. 47
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.1.

6.6.D. Human Systems

6.6.D.1. Identify the types of transportation used to move goods and people. 34
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.1.

6.6.D.2. Identify the modes of communication used to transmit ideas. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.2.

6.6.E. Environment and Society

6.6.E.1. Describe the role of resources such as air, land, water, and plants in everyday life. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.1.

6.6.E.2. Describe the impact of weather on everyday life. 67
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.2.

6.6.E.3. Act on small-scale, personalized environmental issues such as littering and recycling, and explain why such actions are important. 23
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.3.

NJ.6.1. Social Studies Skills: All students will utilize historical thinking, problem solving, and research skills to maximize their understanding of civics, history, geography, and economics.

6.1.A. Social Studies Skills

6.1.A.1. Explain the concepts of long ago and far away. 13
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.1.

6.1.A.2. Apply terms related to time including past, present, and future. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.2.

6.1.A.3. Identify sources of information on local, national, and international events (e.g., books, newspaper, TV, radio, Internet). 21
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.3.

6.1.A.4. Retell events or stories with accuracy and appropriate sequencing. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.4.

6.1.A.5. Develop simple timelines. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.5.

NJ.6.2. Civics: All students will know, understand and appreciate the values and principles of American democracy and the rights, responsibilities, and roles of a citizen in the nation and the world.

6.2.A. Civic Life, Politics, and Government

6.2.A.1. Explain the need for rules, laws, and government. 19
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.1.

6.2.A.2. Give examples of authority and recognize problems that might arise from lack of effective authority. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.2.

6.2.A.3. Describe how American citizens can participate in community and political life. 20
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.3.

6.2.A.4. Explain that justice means fairness to all. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.4.

6.2.A.5. Explain that a responsibility means something you must or should do. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.5.

6.2.A.6. Explore basic concepts of diversity, tolerance, fairness, and respect for others. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.6.

6.2.B. American Values and Principles

6.2.B.1. Identify symbols of American values and beliefs such as the American Flag and the Statue of Liberty. 19
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.1.

6.2.C. The Constitution and American Democracy

6.2.C.1. Identify community and government leaders (e.g., mayor, town council, President of the United States). 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.1.

6.2.D. Citizenship

6.2.D.1. Identify examples of responsible citizenship in the school setting. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.1.

6.2.D.2. Recognize real people and fictional characters who have demonstrated responsible leadership and citizenship and identify the characteristics that have made them good examples. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.2.

6.2.E. International Education: Global Challenges, Cultures, and Connections

6.2.E.1. Explain that the United States is a diverse nation and one of many nations in the world. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.1.

6.2.E.2. Identify traditions and celebrations of various cultures (e.g., Chinese New Year, Cinco de Mayo). 76
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.2.

6.2.E.3. Participate in activities such as dance, song, and games that represent various cultures. 13
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.3.

NJ.6.3. World History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of world history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and the future.

6.3.A. The Birth of Civilization to 1000 BCE

NJ.6.4. United States and New Jersey History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of United States and New Jersey history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and future.

6.4.A. Family and Community Life

6.4.A.1. Recognize change and continuity in their lives. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.1.

6.4.A.2. Describe their family history through two generations. 21
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.2.

6.4.A.3. Compare family life today with long ago. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.3.

6.4.A.4. Tell about their family heritage using stories, songs, and drawings. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.4.

6.4.B. State and Nation

6.4.B.1. Recognize the names of major figures in American history, including George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Sacajawea, Harriet Tubman, Susan B. Anthony, and Martin Luther King Jr. 62
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.1.

6.4.B.2. Discuss the contributions of important women, African Americans, and Native Americans to United States and New Jersey history. 44
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.2.

6.4.B.3. Explain the historical significance of major national holidays (e.g. Independence Day, Labor Day) and American symbols. 27
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.3.

6.4.B.4. Relate why important national buildings, statues, and monuments are associated with our national history. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.4.

NJ.6.5. Economics: All students will acquire an understanding of key economic principles.

6.5.A. Economic Literacy

6.5.A.1. Identify the basic goods and services a family needs for everyday life. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.1.

6.5.A.2. Explain how the products individuals eat, wear, and use impact their health and safety and the environment. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.2.

6.5.A.3. Identify various forms of currency (e.g., penny, nickel, quarter, dollar). 22
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.3.

6.5.A.4. Explain what it means to 'save' money. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.4.

6.5.B. Economics and Society

6.5.B.1. Identify various jobs and explain how workers in these jobs receive income for their work. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.1.

NJ.6.6. Geography: All students will apply knowledge of spatial relationships and other geographic skills to understand human behavior in relation to the physical and cultural environment.

6.6.A. The World in Spatial Terms

6.6.A.1. Explain the spatial concepts of location, distance and direction. 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.1.

6.6.A.2. Explain that the globe is a model of the earth and maps are representations of local and distant places. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.2.

6.6.A.3. Demonstrate basic globe and map skills. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.3.

6.6.B. Places and Regions

6.6.B.1. Describe the physical features of places and regions on a simple scale. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.1.

6.6.B.2. Describe the physical and human characteristics of places. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.2.

6.6.C. Physical Systems

6.6.C.1. Recognize that the relationship of the Earth to the sun affects weather conditions, climate, and seasons. 30
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.1.

6.6.D. Human Systems

6.6.D.1. Identify the types of transportation used to move goods and people. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.1.

6.6.D.2. Identify the modes of communication used to transmit ideas. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.2.

6.6.E. Environment and Society

6.6.E.1. Describe the role of resources such as air, land, water, and plants in everyday life. 19
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.1.

6.6.E.2. Describe the impact of weather on everyday life. 91
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.2.

6.6.E.3. Act on small-scale, personalized environmental issues such as littering and recycling, and explain why such actions are important. 27
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.3.

NJ.6.1. Social Studies Skills: All students will utilize historical thinking, problem solving, and research skills to maximize their understanding of civics, history, geography, and economics.

6.1.A. Social Studies Skills

6.1.A.1. Explain how present events are connected to the past. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.1.

6.1.A.2. Apply terms related to time including years, decades, centuries, and generations. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.2.

6.1.A.3. Locate sources for the same information (e.g., weather forecast on TV, the Internet or in a newspaper). 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.3.

6.1.A.4. Organize events in a time line. 19
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.4.

6.1.A.5. Distinguish between an eyewitness account and a secondary account of an event. 36
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.5.

6.1.A.6. Distinguish fact from fiction. 91
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.6.

NJ.6.2. Civics: All students will know, understand and appreciate the values and principles of American democracy and the rights, responsibilities, and roles of a citizen in the nation and the world.

6.2.A. Life, Politics, and Government

6.2.A.1. Describe the characteristics of an effective rule or law (e.g., achieves purpose, clear, fair, protects rights and the common good). 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.1.

6.2.A.2. Differentiate between power and authority. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.2.

6.2.A.3. Recognize that government exists at the community, county, state, and federal levels. 13
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.3.

6.2.A.4. Recognize national, state, and local legislators and government officials and explain how to contact them for help or to express an opinion. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.4.

6.2.A.5. Describe the contributions of voluntary associations and organizations in helping government provide for its citizens. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.5.

6.2.B. American Values and Principles

6.2.B.1. Identify the fundamental values and principles of American democracy expressed in the Pledge of Allegiance, the Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights, and the first New Jersey Constitution. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.1.

6.2.B.2. Explain the significance of symbols of American values and beliefs, including the Statue of Liberty, the Statue of Justice, the American Flag, and the national anthem. 20
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.2.

6.2.B.3. Describe how American values and beliefs, such as equality of opportunity, fairness to all, equal justice, separation of church and state, and the rights guaranteed by the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights, contribute to the continuation and improvement of American democracy. 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.3.

6.2.B.4. Evaluate the importance of traditions, values, and beliefs which form a common American heritage in an increasingly diverse American society. 26
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.4.

6.2.C. The Constitution and American Democracy

6.2.C.1. Discuss how the Constitution describes how the United States government is organized and how it defines and limits the power of government. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.1.

6.2.C.2. Discuss how governmental bodies make decisions and explain the impact of those decisions on school and community life. 20
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.2.

6.2.C.3. Identify major services provided by state and local government. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.3.

6.2.C.4. Delineate the respective roles of the three branches of the federal and state governments. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.4.

6.2.D. Citizenship

6.2.D.1. Explain that a citizen is a legally recognized member of the United States with rights and responsibilities, such as voting in elections and serving on juries. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.1.

6.2.D.2. Describe the significant characteristics of an effective citizen and discuss ways to influence public policy (e.g., serving in elected office, working on a campaign). 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.2.

6.2.D.3. Describe the process by which immigrants can become United States citizens. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.3.

6.2.E. International Education: Global Challenges, Cultures, and Connections

6.2.E.1. Explain that the world is divided into many nations consisting of territory and people, with their own government, languages, customs, and laws. 51
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.1.

6.2.E.2. Discuss how the United States interacts with other nations of the world through trade, treaties and agreements, diplomacy, cultural contacts, and sometimes through the use of military force. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.2.

6.2.E.3. Explain why it is important for nations to communicate and resolve disagreements through peaceful means. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.3.

6.2.E.4. Outline the purposes of the United Nations. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.4.

6.2.E.5. Identify current issues that may have a global impact (e.g., pollution, diseases) and discuss ways to address them. 49
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.5.

6.2.E.6. Explain why it is important to understand diverse peoples, ideas, and cultures. 26
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.6.

6.2.E.7. Explain that even within a culture, diversity may be affected by race, religion, or class. 46
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.7.

6.2.E.8. Identify aspects of culture and heritage presented in literature, art, music, sport, or the media. 46
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.8.

6.2.E.9. Examine common and diverse traits of other cultures and compare to their own culture. 46
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.9.

6.2.E.10. Use technology to learn about students and their families in other countries through classroom links, email, and Internet research. 46
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.10.

6.2.E.11. Define stereotyping and discuss how it impacts self-image and interpersonal relationships. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.11.

NJ.6.3. World History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of world history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and the future.

6.3.A. The Birth of Civilization to 1000 BCE

NJ.6.4. United States and New Jersey History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of United States and New Jersey history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and future.

6.4.A. Family and Community Life

6.4.A.1. Discuss how families long ago expressed and transmitted their beliefs and values through oral tradition, literature, songs, and celebrations. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.1.

6.4.A.2. Compare family life in a community of the past to life in a community of the present. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.2.

6.4.A.3. Discuss the reasons why various groups, voluntarily and involuntarily, immigrated to America and New Jersey and describe the problems they encountered. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.3.

6.4.A.4. Discuss the history of their community, including the origins of its name, groups and individuals who lived there, and access to important places and buildings in the community. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.4.

6.4.A.5. Explain that Americans have come from different parts of the world and have a common American heritage, in addition to the heritage of the countries of origin. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.5.

6.4.A.6. Describe situations in which people from diverse backgrounds work together to solve common problems. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.6.

6.4.B. State and Nation

6.4.B.1. Compare the major early culture of the Lenape that existed in the region that became New Jersey prior to contact with the Europeans. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.1.

6.4.B.2. Discuss the reasons why revolutionary leaders, including George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and Governor William Livingston fought for independence from England. 25
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.2.

6.4.B.3. Discuss New Jersey's role during the American Revolution. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.3.

6.4.B.4. Identify major documents and symbols in New Jersey and American history, including the Mayflower Compact, the Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, the New Jersey State Seal, and Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream' speech. 32
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.4.

6.4.B.5. Identify and discuss major scientific discoveries and inventions, the scientists and inventors who developed them (e.g., Thomas Edison), and their impact on life today. 50
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.5.

6.4.B.6. Discuss the experiences of immigrants who came to the United States and New Jersey, including reasons for immigrating, experiences at Ellis Island, and working and living conditions in America. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.6.

6.4.B.7. Describe the population shift from the farm to the city in New Jersey. 28
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.7.

6.4.B.8. Discuss the value of the American national heritage. 29
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.8.

NJ.6.5. Economics: All students will acquire an understanding of key economic principles.

6.5.A. Economic Literacy

6.5.A.1. Distinguish between goods (e.g., objects) and services (e.g., activities). 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.1.

6.5.A.2. Distinguish between a want and a need and explain how to choose needed goods and services. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.2.

6.5.A.3. Explain the three functions of money in the economy. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.3.

6.5.A.4. Discuss how natural, human, and capital resources are used to produce goods and to provide services. 22
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.4.

6.5.A.5. Explain that prices are the money value of goods and services and that prices change as a result of supply and demand. 27
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.5.

6.5.A.6. Define consumers as buyers and producers as workers and sellers. 27
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.6.

6.5.A.7. Explain that people can improve their ability to earn income by gaining new knowledge, skills, and experiences. 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.7.

6.5.A.8. Describe how to earn and save money in order to purchase a needed or desired item. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.8.

6.5.B. Economics and Society

6.5.B.1. Explain that some essential goods and services are provided by the government, such as roads, schools, parks, police, and fire protection. 13
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.1.

6.5.B.2. Describe products and services that are developed, manufactured, or grown in New Jersey. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.2.

NJ.6.6. Geography: All students will apply knowledge of spatial relationships and other geographic skills to understand human behavior in relation to the physical and cultural environment.

6.6.A. The World in Spatial Terms

6.6.A.1. Use physical and political maps to identify locations and spatial relationships of places within local and nearby communities. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.1.

6.6.A.2. Describe and demonstrate different ways to measure distance (e.g., miles, kilometers, time). 68
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.2.

6.6.A.3. Estimate distances between two places on a map using a scale of miles. 13
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.3.

6.6.A.4. Identify the major cities of New Jersey, the United States, and the world. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.4.

6.6.A.5. Identify the major countries, continents, bodies of water, and mountain ranges of the world. 22
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.5.

6.6.A.6. Locate time zones, latitude, longitude, and the global grid. 24
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.6.

6.6.B. Places and Regions

6.6.B.1. Identify the physical and human characteristics of places and regions in New Jersey and the United States (e.g., landforms, climate, vegetation, housing). 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.1.

6.6.B.2. Explain changes in places and regions over time and the consequences of those changes. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.2.

6.6.B.3. Describe the geography of New Jersey. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.3.

6.6.B.4. Discuss factors involved in the development of cities (e.g., transportation, food, marketplace, religion, military protection). 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.4.

6.6.C. Physical Systems

6.6.C.1. Describe the basic components of the Earth's physical systems, including landforms, water, erosion, weather, and climate and discuss their impact on human development. 31
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.1.

6.6.D. Human Systems

6.6.D.1. Describe the development of transportation and communication networks in New Jersey and the United States. 26
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.1.

6.6.D.2. Identify the distribution and characteristics of populations for different regions of New Jersey and the United States. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.2.

6.6.E. Environment and Society

6.6.E.1. Differentiate between living and non-living natural resources. 19
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.1.

6.6.E.2. Explain the nature, characteristics, and distribution of renewable and non-renewable resources. 19
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.2.

NJ.6.1. Social Studies Skills: All students will utilize historical thinking, problem solving, and research skills to maximize their understanding of civics, history, geography, and economics.

6.1.A. Social Studies Skills

6.1.A.1. Explain how present events are connected to the past. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.1.

6.1.A.2. Apply terms related to time including years, decades, centuries, and generations. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.2.

6.1.A.3. Locate sources for the same information (e.g., weather forecast on TV, the Internet or in a newspaper). 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.3.

6.1.A.4. Organize events in a time line. 22
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.4.

6.1.A.5. Distinguish between an eyewitness account and a secondary account of an event. 29
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.5.

6.1.A.6. Distinguish fact from fiction. 54
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.6.

NJ.6.2. Civics: All students will know, understand and appreciate the values and principles of American democracy and the rights, responsibilities, and roles of a citizen in the nation and the world.

6.2.A. Life, Politics, and Government

6.2.A.1. Describe the characteristics of an effective rule or law (e.g., achieves purpose, clear, fair, protects rights and the common good). 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.1.

6.2.A.2. Differentiate between power and authority. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.2.

6.2.A.3. Recognize that government exists at the community, county, state, and federal levels. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.3.

6.2.A.4. Recognize national, state, and local legislators and government officials and explain how to contact them for help or to express an opinion. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.4.

6.2.A.5. Describe the contributions of voluntary associations and organizations in helping government provide for its citizens. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.5.

6.2.B. American Values and Principles

6.2.B.1. Identify the fundamental values and principles of American democracy expressed in the Pledge of Allegiance, the Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights, and the first New Jersey Constitution. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.1.

6.2.B.2. Explain the significance of symbols of American values and beliefs, including the Statue of Liberty, the Statue of Justice, the American Flag, and the national anthem. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.2.

6.2.B.3. Describe how American values and beliefs, such as equality of opportunity, fairness to all, equal justice, separation of church and state, and the rights guaranteed by the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights, contribute to the continuation and improvement of American democracy. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.3.

6.2.B.4. Evaluate the importance of traditions, values, and beliefs which form a common American heritage in an increasingly diverse American society. 19
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.4.

6.2.C. The Constitution and American Democracy

6.2.C.1. Discuss how the Constitution describes how the United States government is organized and how it defines and limits the power of government. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.1.

6.2.C.2. Discuss how governmental bodies make decisions and explain the impact of those decisions on school and community life. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.2.

6.2.C.3. Identify major services provided by state and local government. 19
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.3.

6.2.C.4. Delineate the respective roles of the three branches of the federal and state governments. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.4.

6.2.D. Citizenship

6.2.D.1. Explain that a citizen is a legally recognized member of the United States with rights and responsibilities, such as voting in elections and serving on juries. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.1.

6.2.D.2. Describe the significant characteristics of an effective citizen and discuss ways to influence public policy (e.g., serving in elected office, working on a campaign). 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.2.

6.2.D.3. Describe the process by which immigrants can become United States citizens. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.3.

6.2.E. International Education: Global Challenges, Cultures, and Connections

6.2.E.1. Explain that the world is divided into many nations consisting of territory and people, with their own government, languages, customs, and laws. 44
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.1.

6.2.E.2. Discuss how the United States interacts with other nations of the world through trade, treaties and agreements, diplomacy, cultural contacts, and sometimes through the use of military force. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.2.

6.2.E.3. Explain why it is important for nations to communicate and resolve disagreements through peaceful means. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.3.

6.2.E.4. Outline the purposes of the United Nations. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.4.

6.2.E.5. Identify current issues that may have a global impact (e.g., pollution, diseases) and discuss ways to address them. 59
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.5.

6.2.E.6. Explain why it is important to understand diverse peoples, ideas, and cultures. 25
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.6.

6.2.E.7. Explain that even within a culture, diversity may be affected by race, religion, or class. 40
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.7.

6.2.E.8. Identify aspects of culture and heritage presented in literature, art, music, sport, or the media. 41
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.8.

6.2.E.9. Examine common and diverse traits of other cultures and compare to their own culture. 41
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.9.

6.2.E.10. Use technology to learn about students and their families in other countries through classroom links, email, and Internet research. 66
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.10.

6.2.E.11. Define stereotyping and discuss how it impacts self-image and interpersonal relationships. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.11.

NJ.6.3. World History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of world history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and the future.

6.3.A. The Birth of Civilization to 1000 BCE

NJ.6.4. United States and New Jersey History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of United States and New Jersey history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and future.

6.4.A. Family and Community Life

6.4.A.1. Discuss how families long ago expressed and transmitted their beliefs and values through oral tradition, literature, songs, and celebrations. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.1.

6.4.A.2. Compare family life in a community of the past to life in a community of the present. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.2.

6.4.A.3. Discuss the reasons why various groups, voluntarily and involuntarily, immigrated to America and New Jersey and describe the problems they encountered.

6.4.A.4. Discuss the history of their community, including the origins of its name, groups and individuals who lived there, and access to important places and buildings in the community. 20
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.4.

6.4.A.5. Explain that Americans have come from different parts of the world and have a common American heritage, in addition to the heritage of the countries of origin. 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.5.

6.4.A.6. Describe situations in which people from diverse backgrounds work together to solve common problems. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.A.6.

6.4.B. State and Nation

6.4.B.1. Compare the major early culture of the Lenape that existed in the region that became New Jersey prior to contact with the Europeans. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.1.

6.4.B.2. Discuss the reasons why revolutionary leaders, including George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and Governor William Livingston fought for independence from England. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.2.

6.4.B.3. Discuss New Jersey's role during the American Revolution. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.3.

6.4.B.4. Identify major documents and symbols in New Jersey and American history, including the Mayflower Compact, the Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, the New Jersey State Seal, and Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream' speech. 34
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.4.

6.4.B.5. Identify and discuss major scientific discoveries and inventions, the scientists and inventors who developed them (e.g., Thomas Edison), and their impact on life today. 68
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.5.

6.4.B.6. Discuss the experiences of immigrants who came to the United States and New Jersey, including reasons for immigrating, experiences at Ellis Island, and working and living conditions in America. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.6.

6.4.B.7. Describe the population shift from the farm to the city in New Jersey. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.7.

6.4.B.8. Discuss the value of the American national heritage. 19
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.B.8.

NJ.6.5. Economics: All students will acquire an understanding of key economic principles.

6.5.A. Economic Literacy

6.5.A.1. Distinguish between goods (e.g., objects) and services (e.g., activities). 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.1.

6.5.A.2. Distinguish between a want and a need and explain how to choose needed goods and services. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.2.

6.5.A.3. Explain the three functions of money in the economy. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.3.

6.5.A.4. Discuss how natural, human, and capital resources are used to produce goods and to provide services. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.4.

6.5.A.5. Explain that prices are the money value of goods and services and that prices change as a result of supply and demand. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.5.

6.5.A.6. Define consumers as buyers and producers as workers and sellers. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.6.

6.5.A.7. Explain that people can improve their ability to earn income by gaining new knowledge, skills, and experiences. 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.7.

6.5.A.8. Describe how to earn and save money in order to purchase a needed or desired item. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.8.

6.5.B. Economics and Society

6.5.B.1. Explain that some essential goods and services are provided by the government, such as roads, schools, parks, police, and fire protection. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.1.

6.5.B.2. Describe products and services that are developed, manufactured, or grown in New Jersey. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.2.

NJ.6.6. Geography: All students will apply knowledge of spatial relationships and other geographic skills to understand human behavior in relation to the physical and cultural environment.

6.6.A. The World in Spatial Terms

6.6.A.1. Use physical and political maps to identify locations and spatial relationships of places within local and nearby communities. 18
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.1.

6.6.A.2. Describe and demonstrate different ways to measure distance (e.g., miles, kilometers, time). 23
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.2.

6.6.A.3. Estimate distances between two places on a map using a scale of miles. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.3.

6.6.A.4. Identify the major cities of New Jersey, the United States, and the world. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.4.

6.6.A.5. Identify the major countries, continents, bodies of water, and mountain ranges of the world. 38
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.5.

6.6.A.6. Locate time zones, latitude, longitude, and the global grid. 21
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.6.

6.6.B. Places and Regions

6.6.B.1. Identify the physical and human characteristics of places and regions in New Jersey and the United States (e.g., landforms, climate, vegetation, housing). 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.1.

6.6.B.2. Explain changes in places and regions over time and the consequences of those changes. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.2.

6.6.B.3. Describe the geography of New Jersey. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.3.

6.6.B.4. Discuss factors involved in the development of cities (e.g., transportation, food, marketplace, religion, military protection). 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.4.

6.6.C. Physical Systems

6.6.C.1. Describe the basic components of the Earth's physical systems, including landforms, water, erosion, weather, and climate and discuss their impact on human development. 42
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.1.

6.6.D. Human Systems

6.6.D.1. Describe the development of transportation and communication networks in New Jersey and the United States. 30
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.1.

6.6.D.2. Identify the distribution and characteristics of populations for different regions of New Jersey and the United States. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.2.

6.6.E. Environment and Society

6.6.E.1. Differentiate between living and non-living natural resources. 26
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.1.

6.6.E.2. Explain the nature, characteristics, and distribution of renewable and non-renewable resources. 26
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.2.

NJ.6.1. Social Studies Skills: All students will utilize historical thinking, problem solving, and research skills to maximize their understanding of civics, history, geography, and economics.

6.1.A. Social Studies Skills

6.1.A.1. Analyze how events are related over time. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.1.

6.1.A.2. Use critical thinking skills to interpret events, recognize bias, point of view, and context. 47
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.2.

6.1.A.3. Assess the credibility of primary and secondary sources. 44
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.3.

6.1.A.4. Analyze data in order to see persons and events in context. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.4.

6.1.A.5. Examine current issues, events, or themes and relate them to past events. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.5.

6.1.A.6. Formulate questions based on information needs. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.6.

6.1.A.7. Use effective strategies for locating information. 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.7.

6.1.A.8. Compare and contrast competing interpretations of current and historical events. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.8.

6.1.A.9. Interpret events considering continuity and change, the role of chance, oversight and error, and changing interpretations by historians. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.9.

6.1.A.10. Distinguish fact from fiction by comparing sources about figures and events with fictionalized characters and events. 48
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.10.

6.1.A.11. Summarize information in written, graphic, and oral formats. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.11.

NJ.6.2. Civics: All students will know, understand and appreciate the values and principles of American democracy and the rights, responsibilities, and roles of a citizen in the nation and the world.

6.2.A. Civic Life, Politics, and Government

6.2.A.1. Discuss the sources, purposes, and functions of law and the importance of the rule of law for the preservation of individual rights and the common good. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.1.

6.2.A.2. Describe the underlying values and principles of democracy and distinguish these from authoritarian forms of government. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.2.

6.2.A.3. Discuss the major characteristics of democratic governments. 22
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.3.

6.2.A.4. Describe the processes of local government. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.4.

6.2.A.5. Discuss examples of domestic policies and agencies that impact American lives, including the Environmental Protection Agency (e.g., clean air and water), the Department of Labor (e.g., minimum wage) and the Internal Revenue Service (e.g., Social Security, income tax). 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.5.

6.2.A.6. Explain how non-governmental organizations influence legislation and policies at the federal, state, and local levels. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.6.

6.2.B. American Values and Principles

6.2.B.1. Analyze how certain values including individual rights, the common good, self-government, justice, equality and free inquiry are fundamental to American public life. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.1.

6.2.B.2. Describe representative government and explain how it works to protect the majority and the minority. 23
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.2.

6.2.B.3. Describe the continuing struggle to bring all groups of Americans into the mainstream of society with the liberties and equality to which all are entitled, as exemplified by individuals such as Susan B. Anthony, Frederick Douglass, Nat Turner, Paul Robeson, and Cesar Chavez. 25
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.3.

6.2.C. The Constitution and American Democracy

6.2.C.1. Discuss the major principles of the Constitution, including shared powers, checks and balances, separation of church and state, and federalism. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.1.

6.2.C.2. Compare and contrast the purposes, organization, functions, and interactions of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of national, state, and local governments and independent regulatory agencies. 24
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.2.

6.2.C.3. Discuss the role of political parties in the American democratic system including candidates, campaigns, financing, primary elections, and voting systems. 33
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.3.

6.2.C.4. Discuss major historical and contemporary conflicts over United States constitutional principles, including judicial review in Marbury v. Madison, slavery in the Dred Scott Decision, separate but equal in Plessy v. Ferguson, and the rights of minorities in the Indian Removal Act. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.4.

6.2.C.5. Discuss major historical and contemporary conflicts over New Jersey constitutional principles (e.g., the impact of the New Jersey School Law of 1881 which required integration in the state's public schools, Hedgepeth and Williams v. Trenton Board of Education, the Mount Laurel Decision, Jackman v. Bodine, Abbott v. Burke). 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.5.

6.2.C.6. Research contemporary issues involving the constitutional rights of American citizens and other individuals residing in the United States, including voting rights, habeas corpus, rights of the accused, and the Patriot Act. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.6.

6.2.D. Citizenship

6.2.D.1. Discuss the rights and responsibilities of American citizens, including obeying laws, paying taxes, serving on juries, and voting in local, state, and national elections. 27
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.1.

6.2.D.2. Discuss how the rights of American citizens may be in conflict with each other (e.g., right to privacy vs. free press). 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.2.

6.2.D.3. Describe major conflicts that have arisen from diversity (e.g., land and suffrage for Native Americans, civil rights, women's rights) and discuss how the conflicts have been addressed. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.3.

6.2.D.4. Explain the benefits, costs, and conflicts of a diverse nation. 39
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.4.

6.2.D.5. Discuss basic contemporary issues involving the personal, political, and economic rights of American citizens (e.g., dress codes, sexual harassment, fair trial, free press, minimum wage). 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.5.

6.2.E. International Education: Global Challenges, Cultures, and Connections

6.2.E.1. Analyze ways in which nation-states interact with one another through trade, diplomacy, cultural exchanges, treaties or agreements, humanitarian aid, economic incentives and sanctions, and the use or threat of military force. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.1.

6.2.E.2. Discuss factors that lead to a breakdown of order among nation-states (e.g., conflicts about national interests, ethnicity, and religion; competition for territory or resources; absence of effective means to enforce international law) and describe the consequences of the breakdown of order. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.2.

6.2.E.3. Compare and contrast the powers the Constitution gives to Congress, the President, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and the federal judiciary regarding foreign affairs. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.3.

6.2.E.4. Evaluate current United States foreign policy issues and strategies and their impact on the nation and the rest of the world. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.4.

6.2.E.5. Discuss the purposes and functions of major international organizations (e.g., United Nations, World Health Organization, International Red Cross, Amnesty International) and the role of the United States within each. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.5.

6.2.E.6. Describe how one's heritage includes personal history and experiences, culture, customs, and family background. 32
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.6.

6.2.E.7. Analyze how the life, culture, economics, politics, and the media of the United States impact the rest of the world. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.7.

6.2.E.8. Discuss how global challenges are interrelated, complex, and changing and that even local issues may have a global dimension (e.g., environmental issues, transportation). 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.8.

6.2.E.9. Discuss how cultures may change and that individuals may identify with more than one culture. 20
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.9.

6.2.E.10. Engage in activities that foster understanding of various cultures (e.g., clubs, dance groups, sports, travel, community celebrations). 13
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.10.

6.2.E.11. Discuss the impact of the Internet and technology on global communication. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.11.

6.2.E.12. Discuss the impact of stereotyping on relationships, achievement, and life goals. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.12.

6.2.E.13. Analyze how prejudice and discrimination may lead to genocide as well as other acts of hatred and violence for the purposes of subjugation and exploitation. 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.13.

NJ.6.3. World History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of world history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and the future.

6.3.A. The Birth of Civilization to 1000 BCE

6.3.A.1. Describe the physical and cultural changes that shaped the earliest human communities as revealed through scientific methods. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.A.1.

6.3.A.2. Describe how environmental conditions impacted the development of different human communities (e.g., population centers, impact of the last Ice Age). 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.A.2.

6.3.A.3. Compare and contrast the economic, political, and environmental factors (e.g., climate, trade, geography) that led to the development of major ancient civilizations including Mesopotamia (e.g., Hammurabi's Code), Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Yellow River, and Kush (Nubia). 62
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.A.3.

6.3.B. Early Human Societies to 500CE

6.3.B.1. Explain the historical context, origins, beliefs, and moral teachings of the major world religions and philosophies. 18
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.1.

6.3.B.2. Describe the political framework of Athenian society and its influence on modern society. 18
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.2.

6.3.B.3. Describe the social and political characteristics of the Greek city-states. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.3.

6.3.B.4. Describe the significant contributions of ancient Greece to Western Civilization. 27
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.4.

6.3.B.5. Discuss the cultural influences of Greece, Egypt, Persia, and India on Mediterranean cultures through assimilation, conquest, migration, and trade. 46
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.5.

6.3.B.6. Discuss the origins and social framework of Roman society. 38
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.6.

6.3.B.7. Describe the political and social framework of Roman society. 38
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.7.

6.3.B.8. Analyze how shifts in the political framework of Roman society impacted the expansion of the empire and how this expansion transformed Roman society, economy, and culture. 38
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.8.

6.3.B.9. Discuss the political events that may have contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire, including internal divisions, significant battles, invasions, and political changes. 38
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.9.

6.3.B.10. Describe the development of the Mayan civilization from agricultural community to an urban civilization, including the influence of the environment on agricultural methods, water utilization, and herding methods. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.10.

6.3.B.11. Describe the significant features of Mayan civilization, including the locations of Mayan city-states, road systems, and sea routes, the role and status of elite men and women in Mayan society and their portrayal in Mayan architecture, the role of religion and ceremonial games in Mayan culture, and the structure and purpose of the Mayan pyramids. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.11.

6.3.C. Expanding Zones of Exchange and Interaction to 1400 CE

6.3.C.1. Discuss how Western civilization arose from a synthesis of Christianity and classical Greco-Roman civilization with the cultures of northern European peoples. 45
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.1.

6.3.C.2. Discuss the spread of Islam in Southwest Asia, the Mediterranean region, and Northern Africa and the influence of Islamic ideas and practices on other cultures and social behavior. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.2.

6.3.C.3. Discuss the significance of the developing cultures of Asia, including the Golden Age in China and spread of Chinese civilization to Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia and the rise of the Mongol Empire and its impact on the Kievan Rus. 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.3.

6.3.C.4. Analyze the rise of the West African Empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay and compare with changes in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. 25
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.4.

6.3.C.5. Analyze the relationships between Mesoamerican and Andean societies. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.5.

6.3.C.6. Explain the medieval origins of constitutional government in England (e.g., Edward I, Magna Carta, Model Parliament of 1295, Common Law). 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.6.

6.3.C.7. Discuss the evolution of significant political, economic, social and cultural institutions and events that shaped European medieval society, including Catholic and Byzantine churches, feudalism and manorialism, the Crusades, the rise of cities, and changing technology. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.7.

6.3.D. The Age of Global Encounters (1400-1750)

6.3.D.1. Discuss factors that contributed to oceanic travel and exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries, including technological innovations in ship building navigation, naval warfare, navigational inventions such as the compass, and the impact of wind currents on the major trade routes. 42
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.D.1.

6.3.D.2. Describe the significant contributions of the Renaissance and Reformation to European society, including major achievements in literature, music, painting, sculpture, and architecture. 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.D.2.

6.3.D.3. Compare the social and political elements of Incan and Aztec societies, including the major aspects of government, the role of religion, daily life, economy, and social organization. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.D.3.

NJ.6.4. United States and New Jersey History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of United States and New Jersey history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and future.

6.4.A. Family and Community Life

6.4.B. State and Nation

6.4.C. Many Worlds Meet (to 1620)

6.4.C.1. Discuss factors that stimulated European overseas explorations between the 15th and 17th centuries and the impact of that exploration on the modern world. 42
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.1.

6.4.C.2. Trace the major land and water routes of the explorers. 42
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.2.

6.4.C.3. Compare the political, social, economic, and religious systems of Africans, Europeans, and Native Americans who converged in the western hemisphere after 1492 (e.g., civic values, population levels, family structure, communication, use of natural resources). 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.3.

6.4.C.4. Discuss the characteristics of the Spanish and Portuguese exploration and conquest of the Americas, including Spanish interaction with the Incan and Aztec empires, expeditions in the American Southwest, and the social composition of early settlers and their motives for exploration and conquest. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.4.

6.4.C.5. Describe the migration of the ancestors of the Lenape Indians and their culture at the time of first contact with Europeans. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.5.

6.4.C.6. Compare and contrast historic Native American groups of the West, Southwest, Northwest, Arctic and sub-Arctic, Great Plains, and Eastern Woodland regions at the beginning of European exploration. 32
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.6.

6.4.C.7. Analyze the cultures and interactions of peoples in the Americas, Western Europe, and Africa after 1450 including the transatlantic slave trade. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.7.

6.4.C.8. Discuss how millions of Africans, brought against their will from Central Africa to the Americas, including Brazil, Caribbean nations, North America and other destinations, retained their humanity, their families, and their cultures during enslavement. 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.8.

6.4.D. Colonization and Settlement (1585-1763)

6.4.D.1. Analyze the political, social, and cultural characteristics of the English colonies. 37
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.1.

6.4.D.2. Describe the political, religious, social, and economic institutions that emerged in Colonial America, including New Netherland and colonial New Jersey. 18
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.2.

6.4.D.3. Explain the differences in colonization of the Americas by England, the Netherlands, France, and Spain, including governance, relation to the mother countries, and interactions with other colonies and Native Americans. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.3.

6.4.D.4. Examine the interactions between Native Americans and European settlers, such as agriculture, trade, cultural exchanges, and military alliances and conflicts. 39
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.4.

6.4.D.5. Describe Native American resistance to colonization, including the Cherokee War against the English, the French and Indian War, and King George's War. 43
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.5.

6.4.D.6. Identify factors that account for the establishment of African slavery in the Americas. 20
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.6.

6.4.D.7. Discuss Spanish exploration, settlement, and missions in the American Southwest. 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.7.

6.4.E. Revolution and the New Nation (1754-1820)

6.4.E.1. Discuss the background and major issues of the American Revolution, including the political and economic causes and consequences of the revolution. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.1.

6.4.E.2. Discuss the major events (e.g. Boston Tea Party, Battle of Trenton) and personalities (e.g., George Washington, John Adams, John Witherspoon, William Franklin, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson) of the American Revolution. 40
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.2.

6.4.E.3. Identify major British and American leaders and describe their roles in key events, such as the First and Second Continental Congresses, drafting and approving the Declaration of Independence (1776), the publication of 'Common Sense,' and major battles of the Revolutionary War. 43
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.3.

6.4.E.4. Explain New Jersey's critical role in the American Revolution, including major battles, the involvement of women and African Americans, and the origins of the movement to abolish slavery. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.4.

6.4.E.5. Discuss the political and philosophical origins of the United States Constitution and its implementation in the 1790s. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.5.

6.4.E.6. Describe and map American territorial expansions and the settlement of the frontier during this period. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.6.

6.4.E.7. Analyze the causes and consequences of continuing conflict between Native American tribes and colonists (e.g., Tecumseh's rebellion). 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.7.

6.4.E.8. Discuss the background and major issues of the War of 1812 (e.g., sectional issues, role of Native Americans). 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.8.

6.4.F. Expansion and Reform (1801-1861)

6.4.F.1. Describe the political, economic, and social changes in New Jersey and American society preceding the Civil War, including the early stages of industrialization, the growth of cities, and the political, legal, and social controversies surrounding the expansion of slavery. 23
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.1.

6.4.F.2. Discuss American cultural, religious, and social reform movements in the antebellum period (e.g., abolitionists, the Second Great Awakening, the origins of the labor and women's movements). 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.2.

6.4.F.3. Explain the concept of the Manifest Destiny and its relationship to the westward movement of settlers and territorial expansion, including the purchase of Florida (1819), the annexation of Texas (1845), the acquisition of the Oregon Territory (1846), and territorial acquisition resulting from the Mexican War (1846-1848). 27
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.3.

6.4.F.4. Explain the characteristics of political and social reform movements in the antebellum period in New Jersey, including the 1844 State Constitution, the temperance movement, the abolition movement, and the women's rights movement. 25
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.4.

6.4.F.5. Explain the importance of internal improvements on the transformation of New Jersey's economy through New Jersey's two canals and the Camden and Amboy Railroad.

6.4.F.6. Discuss the economic history of New Jersey, including growth of major industries and businesses, the lives of factory workers, and occupations of working people.

6.4.F.7. Compare political interests and views regarding the War of 1812 (e.g., US responses to shipping harassment, interests of Native Americans and white settlers in the Northwest Territory). 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.7.

6.4.F.8. Discuss sectional compromises associated with westward expansion of slavery, such as the Missouri Compromise (1820) and the continued resistance to slavery by African Americans (e.g., Amistad Revolt). 18
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.8.

6.4.F.9. Describe and map the continuing territorial expansion and settlement of the frontier, including the acquisition of new territories and conflicts with Native Americans, the Louisiana Purchase, the Lewis and Clark expedition, and the California gold rush. 39
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.9.

6.4.F.10. Explain how state and federal policies influenced various Native American tribes (e.g., homeland vs. resettlement, Black Hawk War, Trail of Tears). 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.10.

6.4.F.11. Understand the institution of slavery in the United States, resistance to it, and New Jersey's role in the Underground Railroad. 18
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.11.

6.4.G. Civil War and Reconstruction (1850-1877)

6.4.G.1. Explain the major events, issues, and personalities of the American Civil War. 44
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.1.

6.4.G.2. Analyze different points of view in regard to New Jersey's role in the Civil War, including abolitionist sentiment in New Jersey and New Jersey's vote in the elections of 1860 and 1864. 20
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.2.

6.4.G.3. Explain Reconstruction as a government action, how it worked, and its effects after the war. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.3.

6.4.G.4. Discuss the impact of retaliatory state laws and general Southern resistance to Reconstruction. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.4.

6.4.G.5. Discuss the Dawes Act of 1887, how it attempted to assimilate Native Americans by converting tribal lands to individual ownership, and its impact on Native Americans. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.5.

NJ.6.5. Economics: All students will acquire an understanding of key economic principles.

6.5.A. Economic Literacy

6.5.A.1. Discuss how needs and wants change as one ages and the impact of planning, spending and saving. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.1.

6.5.A.2. Explain the law of supply and demand. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.2.

6.5.A.3. Compare ways to save money, including checking and savings accounts, stocks and bonds, and the relationship between risk and return in investments. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.3.

6.5.A.4. Describe the role credit plays in the economy and explain the difference in cost between cash and credit purchases. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.4.

6.5.A.5. Discuss the economic growth of a nation in terms of increasing productivity, investment in physical capital, and investment in human capital. 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.5.

6.5.A.6. Describe how private industry acquires material and energy resources, provides jobs, raises financial capital, manages production processes, and markets goods and services that create wealth in order to meet consumer and industrial requirements. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.6.

6.5.A.7. Discuss how innovation, entrepreneurship, competition, customer satisfaction, and continuous improvement in productivity are responsible for the rise in the standard of living in the United States and other countries with market economies. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.7.

6.5.A.8. Compare and contrast the characteristics of the three basic economic systems: traditional or barter and trade, market capitalism, and command (e.g., communism). 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.8.

6.5.A.9. Explain what taxes are, how they are collected, and how tax dollars are used by local, state, and national governments to provide goods and services. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.9.

6.5.B. Economics and Society

6.5.B.1. Discuss how meeting the needs and wants of a growing world population impacts the environment and economic growth. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.1.

6.5.B.2. Describe the many ways federal, state, and local governments raise funds to meet the need for public facilities and government services. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.2.

6.5.B.3. Discuss how societies have been affected by industrialization and by different political and economic philosophies. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.3.

6.5.B.4. Describe how inventions and innovations have improved standards of living over the course of history.

6.5.B.5. Compare and contrast various careers, examining educational requirements and costs, salary and benefits, longevity, impact on society and the economy, and demand. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.5.

6.5.B.6. Analyze and give examples of how business and industry influence the buying decisions of consumers through advertising. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.6.

6.5.B.7. Discuss the need for ethical behavior in economic decisions and financial transactions 150
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.7.

NJ.6.6. Geography: All students will apply knowledge of spatial relationships and other geographic skills to understand human behavior in relation to the physical and cultural environment.

6.6.A. The World in Spatial Terms

6.6.A.1. Distinguish among the distinct characteristics of maps, globes, graphs, charts, diagrams, and other geographical representations, and the utility of each in solving problems. 31
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.1.

6.6.A.2. Translate maps into appropriate spatial graphics to display geographical information. 31
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.2.

6.6.A.3. Explain the spatial concepts of relative and absolute location and distance. 28
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.3.

6.6.A.4. Estimate distances between two places on a map using a scale of miles, and use cardinal and intermediate directions when referring to a relative location. 31
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.4.

6.6.A.5. Use geographic tools and technologies to pose and answer questions about spatial distributions and patterns on Earth. 31
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.5.

6.6.A.6. Distinguish among the major map types, including physical, political, topographic, and demographic. 31
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.6.

6.6.A.7. Explain the distribution of major human and physical features at country and global scales. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.7.

6.6.A.8. Use thematic maps to describe places (e.g., patterns of population, diseases, rainfall). 31
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.8.

6.6.A.9. Describe and distinguish among the various map projections, including size, shape, distance, and direction. 28
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.9.

6.6.A.10. Describe location technologies, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS). 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.10.

6.6.A.11. Describe the significance of the major cities of New Jersey, the United States, and the world. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.11.

6.6.B. Places and Regions

6.6.B.1. Compare and contrast the physical and human characteristics of places in regions in New Jersey, the United States, and the world. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.1.

6.6.B.2. Describe how regions change over time. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.2.

6.6.B.3. Compare the natural characteristics used to define a region. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.3.

6.6.B.4. Explain how regional systems are interconnected (e.g., watersheds, trade, transportation systems). 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.4.

6.6.B.5. Discuss how the geography of New Jersey impacts transportation, industry, and community development.

6.6.B.6. Discuss the similarities and differences among rural, suburban, and urban communities. 13
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.6.

6.6.B.7. Describe the types of regions and the influence and effects of region labels. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.7.

6.6.C. Physical Systems

6.6.C.1. Describe the characteristics and spatial distribution of major Earth ecosystems. 35
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.1.

6.6.C.2. Discuss how ecosystems function locally and globally. 35
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.2.

6.6.C.3. Predict effects of physical processes and changes on the Earth. 27
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.3.

6.6.C.4. Discuss how the community and its environment function as an ecosystem. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.4.

6.6.C.5. Describe how the physical environment affects life in different regions (e.g., population density, architecture, transportation systems, industry, building materials, land use, recreation). 23
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.5.

6.6.D. Human Systems

6.6.D.1. Discuss how technology affects the ways in which people perceive and use places and regions. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.1.

6.6.D.2. Analyze demographic characteristics to explain reasons for variations between populations. 24
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.2.

6.6.D.3. Compare and contrast the primary geographic causes for world trade. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.3.

6.6.D.4. Analyze the patterns of settlement in different urban regions of the world. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.4.

6.6.D.5. Discuss how and why people cooperate, but also engage in conflict, to control the Earth's surface. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.5.

6.6.D.6. Compare the patterns and processes of past and present human migration. 69
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.6.

6.6.D.7. Explain and identify examples of global interdependence. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.7.

6.6.D.8. Describe how physical and human characteristics of regions change over time. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.8.

6.6.E. Environment and Society

6.6.E.1. Discuss the environmental impacts or intended and unintended consequences of major technological changes (e.g., autos and fossil fuels, nuclear power and nuclear waste). 61
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.1.

6.6.E.2. Analyze the impact of various human activities and social policies on the natural environment and describe how humans have attempted to solve environmental problems through adaptation and modification. 18
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.2.

6.6.E.3. Compare and contrast conservation practices and alternatives for energy resources. 39
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.3.

6.6.E.4. Compare and contrast various ecosystems and describe their interrelationship and interdependence. 35
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.4.

6.6.E.5. Describe world, national, and local patterns of resource distribution and utilization, and discuss the political and social impact. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.5.

6.6.E.6. Analyze the importance of natural and manufactured resources in New Jersey. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.6.

6.6.E.7. Delineate and evaluate the issues involved with sprawl, open space, and smart growth in New Jersey. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.7.

NJ.6.1. Social Studies Skills: All students will utilize historical thinking, problem solving, and research skills to maximize their understanding of civics, history, geography, and economics.

6.1.A. Social Studies Skills

6.1.A.1. Analyze how events are related over time. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.1.

6.1.A.2. Use critical thinking skills to interpret events, recognize bias, point of view, and context. 22
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.2.

6.1.A.3. Assess the credibility of primary and secondary sources. 21
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.3.

6.1.A.4. Analyze data in order to see persons and events in context. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.4.

6.1.A.5. Examine current issues, events, or themes and relate them to past events. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.5.

6.1.A.6. Formulate questions based on information needs. 61
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.6.

6.1.A.7. Use effective strategies for locating information. 59
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.7.

6.1.A.8. Compare and contrast competing interpretations of current and historical events. 61
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.8.

6.1.A.9. Interpret events considering continuity and change, the role of chance, oversight and error, and changing interpretations by historians. 64
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.9.

6.1.A.10. Distinguish fact from fiction by comparing sources about figures and events with fictionalized characters and events. 31
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.10.

6.1.A.11. Summarize information in written, graphic, and oral formats. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.11.

NJ.6.2. Civics: All students will know, understand and appreciate the values and principles of American democracy and the rights, responsibilities, and roles of a citizen in the nation and the world.

6.2.A. Civic Life, Politics, and Government

6.2.A.1. Discuss the sources, purposes, and functions of law and the importance of the rule of law for the preservation of individual rights and the common good. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.1.

6.2.A.2. Describe the underlying values and principles of democracy and distinguish these from authoritarian forms of government. 23
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.2.

6.2.A.3. Discuss the major characteristics of democratic governments. 41
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.3.

6.2.A.4. Describe the processes of local government. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.4.

6.2.A.5. Discuss examples of domestic policies and agencies that impact American lives, including the Environmental Protection Agency (e.g., clean air and water), the Department of Labor (e.g., minimum wage) and the Internal Revenue Service (e.g., Social Security, income tax). 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.5.

6.2.A.6. Explain how non-governmental organizations influence legislation and policies at the federal, state, and local levels. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.6.

6.2.B. American Values and Principles

6.2.B.1. Analyze how certain values including individual rights, the common good, self-government, justice, equality and free inquiry are fundamental to American public life. 13
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.1.

6.2.B.2. Describe representative government and explain how it works to protect the majority and the minority. 44
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.2.

6.2.B.3. Describe the continuing struggle to bring all groups of Americans into the mainstream of society with the liberties and equality to which all are entitled, as exemplified by individuals such as Susan B. Anthony, Frederick Douglass, Nat Turner, Paul Robeson, and Cesar Chavez. 27
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.3.

6.2.C. The Constitution and American Democracy

6.2.C.1. Discuss the major principles of the Constitution, including shared powers, checks and balances, separation of church and state, and federalism. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.1.

6.2.C.2. Compare and contrast the purposes, organization, functions, and interactions of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of national, state, and local governments and independent regulatory agencies. 41
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.2.

6.2.C.3. Discuss the role of political parties in the American democratic system including candidates, campaigns, financing, primary elections, and voting systems. 31
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.3.

6.2.C.4. Discuss major historical and contemporary conflicts over United States constitutional principles, including judicial review in Marbury v. Madison, slavery in the Dred Scott Decision, separate but equal in Plessy v. Ferguson, and the rights of minorities in the Indian Removal Act. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.4.

6.2.C.5. Discuss major historical and contemporary conflicts over New Jersey constitutional principles (e.g., the impact of the New Jersey School Law of 1881 which required integration in the state's public schools, Hedgepeth and Williams v. Trenton Board of Education, the Mount Laurel Decision, Jackman v. Bodine, Abbott v. Burke). 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.5.

6.2.C.6. Research contemporary issues involving the constitutional rights of American citizens and other individuals residing in the United States, including voting rights, habeas corpus, rights of the accused, and the Patriot Act. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.6.

6.2.D. Citizenship

6.2.D.1. Discuss the rights and responsibilities of American citizens, including obeying laws, paying taxes, serving on juries, and voting in local, state, and national elections. 28
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.1.

6.2.D.2. Discuss how the rights of American citizens may be in conflict with each other (e.g., right to privacy vs. free press). 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.2.

6.2.D.3. Describe major conflicts that have arisen from diversity (e.g., land and suffrage for Native Americans, civil rights, women's rights) and discuss how the conflicts have been addressed. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.3.

6.2.D.4. Explain the benefits, costs, and conflicts of a diverse nation. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.4.

6.2.D.5. Discuss basic contemporary issues involving the personal, political, and economic rights of American citizens (e.g., dress codes, sexual harassment, fair trial, free press, minimum wage). 13
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.5.

6.2.E. International Education: Global Challenges, Cultures, and Connections

6.2.E.1. Analyze ways in which nation-states interact with one another through trade, diplomacy, cultural exchanges, treaties or agreements, humanitarian aid, economic incentives and sanctions, and the use or threat of military force. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.1.

6.2.E.2. Discuss factors that lead to a breakdown of order among nation-states (e.g., conflicts about national interests, ethnicity, and religion; competition for territory or resources; absence of effective means to enforce international law) and describe the consequences of the breakdown of order. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.2.

6.2.E.3. Compare and contrast the powers the Constitution gives to Congress, the President, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and the federal judiciary regarding foreign affairs. 39
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.3.

6.2.E.4. Evaluate current United States foreign policy issues and strategies and their impact on the nation and the rest of the world. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.4.

6.2.E.5. Discuss the purposes and functions of major international organizations (e.g., United Nations, World Health Organization, International Red Cross, Amnesty International) and the role of the United States within each. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.5.

6.2.E.6. Describe how one's heritage includes personal history and experiences, culture, customs, and family background. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.6.

6.2.E.7. Analyze how the life, culture, economics, politics, and the media of the United States impact the rest of the world. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.7.

6.2.E.8. Discuss how global challenges are interrelated, complex, and changing and that even local issues may have a global dimension (e.g., environmental issues, transportation). 20
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.8.

6.2.E.9. Discuss how cultures may change and that individuals may identify with more than one culture. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.9.

6.2.E.10. Engage in activities that foster understanding of various cultures (e.g., clubs, dance groups, sports, travel, community celebrations). 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.10.

6.2.E.11. Discuss the impact of the Internet and technology on global communication. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.11.

6.2.E.12. Discuss the impact of stereotyping on relationships, achievement, and life goals. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.12.

6.2.E.13. Analyze how prejudice and discrimination may lead to genocide as well as other acts of hatred and violence for the purposes of subjugation and exploitation. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.13.

NJ.6.3. World History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of world history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and the future.

6.3.A. The Birth of Civilization to 1000 BCE

6.3.A.1. Describe the physical and cultural changes that shaped the earliest human communities as revealed through scientific methods. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.A.1.

6.3.A.2. Describe how environmental conditions impacted the development of different human communities (e.g., population centers, impact of the last Ice Age). 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.A.2.

6.3.A.3. Compare and contrast the economic, political, and environmental factors (e.g., climate, trade, geography) that led to the development of major ancient civilizations including Mesopotamia (e.g., Hammurabi's Code), Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Yellow River, and Kush (Nubia). 114
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.A.3.

6.3.B. Early Human Societies to 500CE

6.3.B.1. Explain the historical context, origins, beliefs, and moral teachings of the major world religions and philosophies. 25
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.1.

6.3.B.2. Describe the political framework of Athenian society and its influence on modern society. 53
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.2.

6.3.B.3. Describe the social and political characteristics of the Greek city-states. 18
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.3.

6.3.B.4. Describe the significant contributions of ancient Greece to Western Civilization. 18
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.4.

6.3.B.5. Discuss the cultural influences of Greece, Egypt, Persia, and India on Mediterranean cultures through assimilation, conquest, migration, and trade. 53
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.5.

6.3.B.6. Discuss the origins and social framework of Roman society. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.6.

6.3.B.7. Describe the political and social framework of Roman society. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.7.

6.3.B.8. Analyze how shifts in the political framework of Roman society impacted the expansion of the empire and how this expansion transformed Roman society, economy, and culture. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.8.

6.3.B.9. Discuss the political events that may have contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire, including internal divisions, significant battles, invasions, and political changes. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.9.

6.3.B.10. Describe the development of the Mayan civilization from agricultural community to an urban civilization, including the influence of the environment on agricultural methods, water utilization, and herding methods. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.10.

6.3.B.11. Describe the significant features of Mayan civilization, including the locations of Mayan city-states, road systems, and sea routes, the role and status of elite men and women in Mayan society and their portrayal in Mayan architecture, the role of religion and ceremonial games in Mayan culture, and the structure and purpose of the Mayan pyramids. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.11.

6.3.C. Expanding Zones of Exchange and Interaction to 1400 CE

6.3.C.1. Discuss how Western civilization arose from a synthesis of Christianity and classical Greco-Roman civilization with the cultures of northern European peoples. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.1.

6.3.C.2. Discuss the spread of Islam in Southwest Asia, the Mediterranean region, and Northern Africa and the influence of Islamic ideas and practices on other cultures and social behavior. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.2.

6.3.C.3. Discuss the significance of the developing cultures of Asia, including the Golden Age in China and spread of Chinese civilization to Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia and the rise of the Mongol Empire and its impact on the Kievan Rus. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.3.

6.3.C.4. Analyze the rise of the West African Empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay and compare with changes in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.4.

6.3.C.5. Analyze the relationships between Mesoamerican and Andean societies. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.5.

6.3.C.6. Explain the medieval origins of constitutional government in England (e.g., Edward I, Magna Carta, Model Parliament of 1295, Common Law). 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.6.

6.3.C.7. Discuss the evolution of significant political, economic, social and cultural institutions and events that shaped European medieval society, including Catholic and Byzantine churches, feudalism and manorialism, the Crusades, the rise of cities, and changing technology. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.7.

6.3.D. The Age of Global Encounters (1400-1750)

6.3.D.1. Discuss factors that contributed to oceanic travel and exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries, including technological innovations in ship building navigation, naval warfare, navigational inventions such as the compass, and the impact of wind currents on the major trade routes. 32
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.D.1.

6.3.D.2. Describe the significant contributions of the Renaissance and Reformation to European society, including major achievements in literature, music, painting, sculpture, and architecture. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.D.2.

6.3.D.3. Compare the social and political elements of Incan and Aztec societies, including the major aspects of government, the role of religion, daily life, economy, and social organization. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.D.3.

NJ.6.4. United States and New Jersey History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of United States and New Jersey history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and future.

6.4.A. Family and Community Life

6.4.A.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.4.B. State and Nation

6.4.B.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.4.C. Many Worlds Meet (to 1620)

6.4.C.1. Discuss factors that stimulated European overseas explorations between the 15th and 17th centuries and the impact of that exploration on the modern world. 31
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.1.

6.4.C.2. Trace the major land and water routes of the explorers. 31
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.2.

6.4.C.3. Compare the political, social, economic, and religious systems of Africans, Europeans, and Native Americans who converged in the western hemisphere after 1492 (e.g., civic values, population levels, family structure, communication, use of natural resources).

6.4.C.4. Discuss the characteristics of the Spanish and Portuguese exploration and conquest of the Americas, including Spanish interaction with the Incan and Aztec empires, expeditions in the American Southwest, and the social composition of early settlers and their motives for exploration and conquest. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.4.

6.4.C.5. Describe the migration of the ancestors of the Lenape Indians and their culture at the time of first contact with Europeans. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.5.

6.4.C.6. Compare and contrast historic Native American groups of the West, Southwest, Northwest, Arctic and sub-Arctic, Great Plains, and Eastern Woodland regions at the beginning of European exploration. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.6.

6.4.C.7. Analyze the cultures and interactions of peoples in the Americas, Western Europe, and Africa after 1450 including the transatlantic slave trade. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.7.

6.4.C.8. Discuss how millions of Africans, brought against their will from Central Africa to the Americas, including Brazil, Caribbean nations, North America and other destinations, retained their humanity, their families, and their cultures during enslavement. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.8.

6.4.D. Colonization and Settlement (1585-1763)

6.4.D.1. Analyze the political, social, and cultural characteristics of the English colonies. 37
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.1.

6.4.D.2. Describe the political, religious, social, and economic institutions that emerged in Colonial America, including New Netherland and colonial New Jersey. 22
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.2.

6.4.D.3. Explain the differences in colonization of the Americas by England, the Netherlands, France, and Spain, including governance, relation to the mother countries, and interactions with other colonies and Native Americans. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.3.

6.4.D.4. Examine the interactions between Native Americans and European settlers, such as agriculture, trade, cultural exchanges, and military alliances and conflicts. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.4.

6.4.D.5. Describe Native American resistance to colonization, including the Cherokee War against the English, the French and Indian War, and King George's War. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.5.

6.4.D.6. Identify factors that account for the establishment of African slavery in the Americas. 27
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.6.

6.4.D.7. Discuss Spanish exploration, settlement, and missions in the American Southwest.

6.4.E. Revolution and the New Nation (1754-1820)

6.4.E.1. Discuss the background and major issues of the American Revolution, including the political and economic causes and consequences of the revolution. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.1.

6.4.E.2. Discuss the major events (e.g. Boston Tea Party, Battle of Trenton) and personalities (e.g., George Washington, John Adams, John Witherspoon, William Franklin, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson) of the American Revolution. 19
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.2.

6.4.E.3. Identify major British and American leaders and describe their roles in key events, such as the First and Second Continental Congresses, drafting and approving the Declaration of Independence (1776), the publication of 'Common Sense,' and major battles of the Revolutionary War. 25
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.3.

6.4.E.4. Explain New Jersey's critical role in the American Revolution, including major battles, the involvement of women and African Americans, and the origins of the movement to abolish slavery. 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.4.

6.4.E.5. Discuss the political and philosophical origins of the United States Constitution and its implementation in the 1790s. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.5.

6.4.E.6. Describe and map American territorial expansions and the settlement of the frontier during this period. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.6.

6.4.E.7. Analyze the causes and consequences of continuing conflict between Native American tribes and colonists (e.g., Tecumseh's rebellion). 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.7.

6.4.E.8. Discuss the background and major issues of the War of 1812 (e.g., sectional issues, role of Native Americans). 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.8.

6.4.F. Expansion and Reform (1801-1861)

6.4.F.1. Describe the political, economic, and social changes in New Jersey and American society preceding the Civil War, including the early stages of industrialization, the growth of cities, and the political, legal, and social controversies surrounding the expansion of slavery. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.1.

6.4.F.2. Discuss American cultural, religious, and social reform movements in the antebellum period (e.g., abolitionists, the Second Great Awakening, the origins of the labor and women's movements). 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.2.

6.4.F.3. Explain the concept of the Manifest Destiny and its relationship to the westward movement of settlers and territorial expansion, including the purchase of Florida (1819), the annexation of Texas (1845), the acquisition of the Oregon Territory (1846), and territorial acquisition resulting from the Mexican War (1846-1848). 34
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.3.

6.4.F.4. Explain the characteristics of political and social reform movements in the antebellum period in New Jersey, including the 1844 State Constitution, the temperance movement, the abolition movement, and the women's rights movement. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.4.

6.4.F.5. Explain the importance of internal improvements on the transformation of New Jersey's economy through New Jersey's two canals and the Camden and Amboy Railroad. 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.5.

6.4.F.6. Discuss the economic history of New Jersey, including growth of major industries and businesses, the lives of factory workers, and occupations of working people. 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.6.

6.4.F.7. Compare political interests and views regarding the War of 1812 (e.g., US responses to shipping harassment, interests of Native Americans and white settlers in the Northwest Territory). 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.7.

6.4.F.8. Discuss sectional compromises associated with westward expansion of slavery, such as the Missouri Compromise (1820) and the continued resistance to slavery by African Americans (e.g., Amistad Revolt). 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.8.

6.4.F.9. Describe and map the continuing territorial expansion and settlement of the frontier, including the acquisition of new territories and conflicts with Native Americans, the Louisiana Purchase, the Lewis and Clark expedition, and the California gold rush. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.9.

6.4.F.10. Explain how state and federal policies influenced various Native American tribes (e.g., homeland vs. resettlement, Black Hawk War, Trail of Tears). 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.10.

6.4.F.11. Understand the institution of slavery in the United States, resistance to it, and New Jersey's role in the Underground Railroad. 30
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.11.

6.4.G. Civil War and Reconstruction (1850-1877)

6.4.G.1. Explain the major events, issues, and personalities of the American Civil War. 25
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.1.

6.4.G.2. Analyze different points of view in regard to New Jersey's role in the Civil War, including abolitionist sentiment in New Jersey and New Jersey's vote in the elections of 1860 and 1864. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.2.

6.4.G.3. Explain Reconstruction as a government action, how it worked, and its effects after the war. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.3.

6.4.G.4. Discuss the impact of retaliatory state laws and general Southern resistance to Reconstruction. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.4.

6.4.G.5. Discuss the Dawes Act of 1887, how it attempted to assimilate Native Americans by converting tribal lands to individual ownership, and its impact on Native Americans. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.5.

NJ.6.5. Economics: All students will acquire an understanding of key economic principles.

6.5.A. Economic Literacy

6.5.A.1. Discuss how needs and wants change as one ages and the impact of planning, spending and saving. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.1.

6.5.A.2. Explain the law of supply and demand. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.2.

6.5.A.3. Compare ways to save money, including checking and savings accounts, stocks and bonds, and the relationship between risk and return in investments. 13
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.3.

6.5.A.4. Describe the role credit plays in the economy and explain the difference in cost between cash and credit purchases. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.4.

6.5.A.5. Discuss the economic growth of a nation in terms of increasing productivity, investment in physical capital, and investment in human capital. 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.5.

6.5.A.6. Describe how private industry acquires material and energy resources, provides jobs, raises financial capital, manages production processes, and markets goods and services that create wealth in order to meet consumer and industrial requirements. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.6.

6.5.A.7. Discuss how innovation, entrepreneurship, competition, customer satisfaction, and continuous improvement in productivity are responsible for the rise in the standard of living in the United States and other countries with market economies. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.7.

6.5.A.8. Compare and contrast the characteristics of the three basic economic systems: traditional or barter and trade, market capitalism, and command (e.g., communism). 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.8.

6.5.A.9. Explain what taxes are, how they are collected, and how tax dollars are used by local, state, and national governments to provide goods and services. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.9.

6.5.B. Economics and Society

6.5.B.1. Discuss how meeting the needs and wants of a growing world population impacts the environment and economic growth. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.1.

6.5.B.2. Describe the many ways federal, state, and local governments raise funds to meet the need for public facilities and government services. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.2.

6.5.B.3. Discuss how societies have been affected by industrialization and by different political and economic philosophies. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.3.

6.5.B.4. Describe how inventions and innovations have improved standards of living over the course of history. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.4.

6.5.B.5. Compare and contrast various careers, examining educational requirements and costs, salary and benefits, longevity, impact on society and the economy, and demand. 26
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.5.

6.5.B.6. Analyze and give examples of how business and industry influence the buying decisions of consumers through advertising. 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.6.

6.5.B.7. Discuss the need for ethical behavior in economic decisions and financial transactions 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.7.

NJ.6.6. Geography: All students will apply knowledge of spatial relationships and other geographic skills to understand human behavior in relation to the physical and cultural environment.

6.6.A. The World in Spatial Terms

6.6.A.1. Distinguish among the distinct characteristics of maps, globes, graphs, charts, diagrams, and other geographical representations, and the utility of each in solving problems. 45
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.1.

6.6.A.2. Translate maps into appropriate spatial graphics to display geographical information. 45
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.2.

6.6.A.3. Explain the spatial concepts of relative and absolute location and distance. 45
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.3.

6.6.A.4. Estimate distances between two places on a map using a scale of miles, and use cardinal and intermediate directions when referring to a relative location. 45
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.4.

6.6.A.5. Use geographic tools and technologies to pose and answer questions about spatial distributions and patterns on Earth. 45
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.5.

6.6.A.6. Distinguish among the major map types, including physical, political, topographic, and demographic. 45
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.6.

6.6.A.7. Explain the distribution of major human and physical features at country and global scales. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.7.

6.6.A.8. Use thematic maps to describe places (e.g., patterns of population, diseases, rainfall). 45
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.8.

6.6.A.9. Describe and distinguish among the various map projections, including size, shape, distance, and direction. 45
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.9.

6.6.A.10. Describe location technologies, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS). 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.10.

6.6.A.11. Describe the significance of the major cities of New Jersey, the United States, and the world. 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.11.

6.6.B. Places and Regions

6.6.B.1. Compare and contrast the physical and human characteristics of places in regions in New Jersey, the United States, and the world. 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.1.

6.6.B.2. Describe how regions change over time. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.2.

6.6.B.3. Compare the natural characteristics used to define a region. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.3.

6.6.B.4. Explain how regional systems are interconnected (e.g., watersheds, trade, transportation systems). 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.4.

6.6.B.5. Discuss how the geography of New Jersey impacts transportation, industry, and community development. 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.5.

6.6.B.6. Discuss the similarities and differences among rural, suburban, and urban communities. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.6.

6.6.B.7. Describe the types of regions and the influence and effects of region labels. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.7.

6.6.C. Physical Systems

6.6.C.1. Describe the characteristics and spatial distribution of major Earth ecosystems. 24
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.1.

6.6.C.2. Discuss how ecosystems function locally and globally. 24
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.2.

6.6.C.3. Predict effects of physical processes and changes on the Earth. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.3.

6.6.C.4. Discuss how the community and its environment function as an ecosystem. 29
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.4.

6.6.C.5. Describe how the physical environment affects life in different regions (e.g., population density, architecture, transportation systems, industry, building materials, land use, recreation). 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.5.

6.6.D. Human Systems

6.6.D.1. Discuss how technology affects the ways in which people perceive and use places and regions. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.1.

6.6.D.2. Analyze demographic characteristics to explain reasons for variations between populations. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.2.

6.6.D.3. Compare and contrast the primary geographic causes for world trade. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.3.

6.6.D.4. Analyze the patterns of settlement in different urban regions of the world. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.4.

6.6.D.5. Discuss how and why people cooperate, but also engage in conflict, to control the Earth's surface. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.5.

6.6.D.6. Compare the patterns and processes of past and present human migration. 51
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.6.

6.6.D.7. Explain and identify examples of global interdependence. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.7.

6.6.D.8. Describe how physical and human characteristics of regions change over time. 23
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.8.

6.6.E. Environment and Society

6.6.E.1. Discuss the environmental impacts or intended and unintended consequences of major technological changes (e.g., autos and fossil fuels, nuclear power and nuclear waste). 67
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.1.

6.6.E.2. Analyze the impact of various human activities and social policies on the natural environment and describe how humans have attempted to solve environmental problems through adaptation and modification. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.2.

6.6.E.3. Compare and contrast conservation practices and alternatives for energy resources. 203
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.3.

6.6.E.4. Compare and contrast various ecosystems and describe their interrelationship and interdependence. 24
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.4.

6.6.E.5. Describe world, national, and local patterns of resource distribution and utilization, and discuss the political and social impact. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.5.

6.6.E.6. Analyze the importance of natural and manufactured resources in New Jersey. 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.6.

6.6.E.7. Delineate and evaluate the issues involved with sprawl, open space, and smart growth in New Jersey. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.7.

NJ.6.1. Social Studies Skills: All students will utilize historical thinking, problem solving, and research skills to maximize their understanding of civics, history, geography, and economics.

6.1.A. Social Studies Skills

6.1.A.1. Analyze how events are related over time. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.1.

6.1.A.2. Use critical thinking skills to interpret events, recognize bias, point of view, and context. 30
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.2.

6.1.A.3. Assess the credibility of primary and secondary sources. 30
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.3.

6.1.A.4. Analyze data in order to see persons and events in context. 13
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.4.

6.1.A.5. Examine current issues, events, or themes and relate them to past events. 90
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.5.

6.1.A.6. Formulate questions based on information needs. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.6.

6.1.A.7. Use effective strategies for locating information. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.7.

6.1.A.8. Compare and contrast competing interpretations of current and historical events. 80
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.8.

6.1.A.9. Interpret events considering continuity and change, the role of chance, oversight and error, and changing interpretations by historians. 145
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.9.

6.1.A.10. Distinguish fact from fiction by comparing sources about figures and events with fictionalized characters and events. 32
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.10.

6.1.A.11. Summarize information in written, graphic, and oral formats. 26
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.11.

NJ.6.2. Civics: All students will know, understand and appreciate the values and principles of American democracy and the rights, responsibilities, and roles of a citizen in the nation and the world.

6.2.A. Civic Life, Politics, and Government

6.2.A.1. Discuss the sources, purposes, and functions of law and the importance of the rule of law for the preservation of individual rights and the common good. 25
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.1.

6.2.A.2. Describe the underlying values and principles of democracy and distinguish these from authoritarian forms of government. 58
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.2.

6.2.A.3. Discuss the major characteristics of democratic governments. 69
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.3.

6.2.A.4. Describe the processes of local government. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.4.

6.2.A.5. Discuss examples of domestic policies and agencies that impact American lives, including the Environmental Protection Agency (e.g., clean air and water), the Department of Labor (e.g., minimum wage) and the Internal Revenue Service (e.g., Social Security, income tax). 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.5.

6.2.A.6. Explain how non-governmental organizations influence legislation and policies at the federal, state, and local levels. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.6.

6.2.B. American Values and Principles

6.2.B.1. Analyze how certain values including individual rights, the common good, self-government, justice, equality and free inquiry are fundamental to American public life. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.1.

6.2.B.2. Describe representative government and explain how it works to protect the majority and the minority. 74
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.2.

6.2.B.3. Describe the continuing struggle to bring all groups of Americans into the mainstream of society with the liberties and equality to which all are entitled, as exemplified by individuals such as Susan B. Anthony, Frederick Douglass, Nat Turner, Paul Robeson, and Cesar Chavez. 26
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.3.

6.2.C. The Constitution and American Democracy

6.2.C.1. Discuss the major principles of the Constitution, including shared powers, checks and balances, separation of church and state, and federalism. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.1.

6.2.C.2. Compare and contrast the purposes, organization, functions, and interactions of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of national, state, and local governments and independent regulatory agencies. 64
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.2.

6.2.C.3. Discuss the role of political parties in the American democratic system including candidates, campaigns, financing, primary elections, and voting systems. 63
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.3.

6.2.C.4. Discuss major historical and contemporary conflicts over United States constitutional principles, including judicial review in Marbury v. Madison, slavery in the Dred Scott Decision, separate but equal in Plessy v. Ferguson, and the rights of minorities in the Indian Removal Act. 13
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.4.

6.2.C.5. Discuss major historical and contemporary conflicts over New Jersey constitutional principles (e.g., the impact of the New Jersey School Law of 1881 which required integration in the state's public schools, Hedgepeth and Williams v. Trenton Board of Education, the Mount Laurel Decision, Jackman v. Bodine, Abbott v. Burke). 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.5.

6.2.C.6. Research contemporary issues involving the constitutional rights of American citizens and other individuals residing in the United States, including voting rights, habeas corpus, rights of the accused, and the Patriot Act. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.6.

6.2.D. Citizenship

6.2.D.1. Discuss the rights and responsibilities of American citizens, including obeying laws, paying taxes, serving on juries, and voting in local, state, and national elections. 58
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.1.

6.2.D.2. Discuss how the rights of American citizens may be in conflict with each other (e.g., right to privacy vs. free press). 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.2.

6.2.D.3. Describe major conflicts that have arisen from diversity (e.g., land and suffrage for Native Americans, civil rights, women's rights) and discuss how the conflicts have been addressed. 20
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.3.

6.2.D.4. Explain the benefits, costs, and conflicts of a diverse nation. 63
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.4.

6.2.D.5. Discuss basic contemporary issues involving the personal, political, and economic rights of American citizens (e.g., dress codes, sexual harassment, fair trial, free press, minimum wage). 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.5.

6.2.E. International Education: Global Challenges, Cultures, and Connections

6.2.E.1. Analyze ways in which nation-states interact with one another through trade, diplomacy, cultural exchanges, treaties or agreements, humanitarian aid, economic incentives and sanctions, and the use or threat of military force. 37
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.1.

6.2.E.2. Discuss factors that lead to a breakdown of order among nation-states (e.g., conflicts about national interests, ethnicity, and religion; competition for territory or resources; absence of effective means to enforce international law) and describe the consequences of the breakdown of order. 22
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.2.

6.2.E.3. Compare and contrast the powers the Constitution gives to Congress, the President, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and the federal judiciary regarding foreign affairs. 74
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.3.

6.2.E.4. Evaluate current United States foreign policy issues and strategies and their impact on the nation and the rest of the world. 36
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.4.

6.2.E.5. Discuss the purposes and functions of major international organizations (e.g., United Nations, World Health Organization, International Red Cross, Amnesty International) and the role of the United States within each. 19
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.5.

6.2.E.6. Describe how one's heritage includes personal history and experiences, culture, customs, and family background. 44
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.6.

6.2.E.7. Analyze how the life, culture, economics, politics, and the media of the United States impact the rest of the world. 18
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.7.

6.2.E.8. Discuss how global challenges are interrelated, complex, and changing and that even local issues may have a global dimension (e.g., environmental issues, transportation). 50
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.8.

6.2.E.9. Discuss how cultures may change and that individuals may identify with more than one culture. 43
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.9.

6.2.E.10. Engage in activities that foster understanding of various cultures (e.g., clubs, dance groups, sports, travel, community celebrations). 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.10.

6.2.E.11. Discuss the impact of the Internet and technology on global communication. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.11.

6.2.E.12. Discuss the impact of stereotyping on relationships, achievement, and life goals. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.12.

6.2.E.13. Analyze how prejudice and discrimination may lead to genocide as well as other acts of hatred and violence for the purposes of subjugation and exploitation. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.13.

NJ.6.3. World History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of world history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and the future.

6.3.A. The Birth of Civilization to 1000 BCE

6.3.A.1. Describe the physical and cultural changes that shaped the earliest human communities as revealed through scientific methods. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.A.1.

6.3.A.2. Describe how environmental conditions impacted the development of different human communities (e.g., population centers, impact of the last Ice Age). 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.A.2.

6.3.A.3. Compare and contrast the economic, political, and environmental factors (e.g., climate, trade, geography) that led to the development of major ancient civilizations including Mesopotamia (e.g., Hammurabi's Code), Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Yellow River, and Kush (Nubia). 24
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.A.3.

6.3.B. Early Human Societies to 500CE

6.3.B.1. Explain the historical context, origins, beliefs, and moral teachings of the major world religions and philosophies. 50
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.1.

6.3.B.2. Describe the political framework of Athenian society and its influence on modern society. 19
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.2.

6.3.B.3. Describe the social and political characteristics of the Greek city-states. 23
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.3.

6.3.B.4. Describe the significant contributions of ancient Greece to Western Civilization. 22
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.4.

6.3.B.5. Discuss the cultural influences of Greece, Egypt, Persia, and India on Mediterranean cultures through assimilation, conquest, migration, and trade. 48
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.5.

6.3.B.6. Discuss the origins and social framework of Roman society. 21
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.6.

6.3.B.7. Describe the political and social framework of Roman society. 20
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.7.

6.3.B.8. Analyze how shifts in the political framework of Roman society impacted the expansion of the empire and how this expansion transformed Roman society, economy, and culture. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.8.

6.3.B.9. Discuss the political events that may have contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire, including internal divisions, significant battles, invasions, and political changes. 13
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.9.

6.3.B.10. Describe the development of the Mayan civilization from agricultural community to an urban civilization, including the influence of the environment on agricultural methods, water utilization, and herding methods. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.10.

6.3.B.11. Describe the significant features of Mayan civilization, including the locations of Mayan city-states, road systems, and sea routes, the role and status of elite men and women in Mayan society and their portrayal in Mayan architecture, the role of religion and ceremonial games in Mayan culture, and the structure and purpose of the Mayan pyramids. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.11.

6.3.C. Expanding Zones of Exchange and Interaction to 1400 CE

6.3.C.1. Discuss how Western civilization arose from a synthesis of Christianity and classical Greco-Roman civilization with the cultures of northern European peoples. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.1.

6.3.C.2. Discuss the spread of Islam in Southwest Asia, the Mediterranean region, and Northern Africa and the influence of Islamic ideas and practices on other cultures and social behavior. 25
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.2.

6.3.C.3. Discuss the significance of the developing cultures of Asia, including the Golden Age in China and spread of Chinese civilization to Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia and the rise of the Mongol Empire and its impact on the Kievan Rus. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.3.

6.3.C.4. Analyze the rise of the West African Empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay and compare with changes in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. 34
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.4.

6.3.C.5. Analyze the relationships between Mesoamerican and Andean societies. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.5.

6.3.C.6. Explain the medieval origins of constitutional government in England (e.g., Edward I, Magna Carta, Model Parliament of 1295, Common Law). 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.6.

6.3.C.7. Discuss the evolution of significant political, economic, social and cultural institutions and events that shaped European medieval society, including Catholic and Byzantine churches, feudalism and manorialism, the Crusades, the rise of cities, and changing technology. 39
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.7.

6.3.D. The Age of Global Encounters (1400-1750)

6.3.D.1. Discuss factors that contributed to oceanic travel and exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries, including technological innovations in ship building navigation, naval warfare, navigational inventions such as the compass, and the impact of wind currents on the major trade routes. 21
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.D.1.

6.3.D.2. Describe the significant contributions of the Renaissance and Reformation to European society, including major achievements in literature, music, painting, sculpture, and architecture. 21
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.D.2.

6.3.D.3. Compare the social and political elements of Incan and Aztec societies, including the major aspects of government, the role of religion, daily life, economy, and social organization. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.D.3.

NJ.6.4. United States and New Jersey History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of United States and New Jersey history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and future.

6.4.A. Family and Community Life

6.4.B. State and Nation

6.4.C. Many Worlds Meet (to 1620)

6.4.C.1. Discuss factors that stimulated European overseas explorations between the 15th and 17th centuries and the impact of that exploration on the modern world. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.1.

6.4.C.2. Trace the major land and water routes of the explorers. 18
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.2.

6.4.C.3. Compare the political, social, economic, and religious systems of Africans, Europeans, and Native Americans who converged in the western hemisphere after 1492 (e.g., civic values, population levels, family structure, communication, use of natural resources). 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.3.

6.4.C.4. Discuss the characteristics of the Spanish and Portuguese exploration and conquest of the Americas, including Spanish interaction with the Incan and Aztec empires, expeditions in the American Southwest, and the social composition of early settlers and their motives for exploration and conquest. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.4.

6.4.C.5. Describe the migration of the ancestors of the Lenape Indians and their culture at the time of first contact with Europeans. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.5.

6.4.C.6. Compare and contrast historic Native American groups of the West, Southwest, Northwest, Arctic and sub-Arctic, Great Plains, and Eastern Woodland regions at the beginning of European exploration. 23
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.6.

6.4.C.7. Analyze the cultures and interactions of peoples in the Americas, Western Europe, and Africa after 1450 including the transatlantic slave trade. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.7.

6.4.C.8. Discuss how millions of Africans, brought against their will from Central Africa to the Americas, including Brazil, Caribbean nations, North America and other destinations, retained their humanity, their families, and their cultures during enslavement. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.8.

6.4.D. Colonization and Settlement (1585-1763)

6.4.D.1. Analyze the political, social, and cultural characteristics of the English colonies. 27
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.1.

6.4.D.2. Describe the political, religious, social, and economic institutions that emerged in Colonial America, including New Netherland and colonial New Jersey. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.2.

6.4.D.3. Explain the differences in colonization of the Americas by England, the Netherlands, France, and Spain, including governance, relation to the mother countries, and interactions with other colonies and Native Americans. 26
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.3.

6.4.D.4. Examine the interactions between Native Americans and European settlers, such as agriculture, trade, cultural exchanges, and military alliances and conflicts. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.4.

6.4.D.5. Describe Native American resistance to colonization, including the Cherokee War against the English, the French and Indian War, and King George's War. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.5.

6.4.D.6. Identify factors that account for the establishment of African slavery in the Americas. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.6.

6.4.D.7. Discuss Spanish exploration, settlement, and missions in the American Southwest.

6.4.E. Revolution and the New Nation (1754-1820)

6.4.E.1. Discuss the background and major issues of the American Revolution, including the political and economic causes and consequences of the revolution. 29
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.1.

6.4.E.2. Discuss the major events (e.g. Boston Tea Party, Battle of Trenton) and personalities (e.g., George Washington, John Adams, John Witherspoon, William Franklin, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson) of the American Revolution. 24
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.2.

6.4.E.3. Identify major British and American leaders and describe their roles in key events, such as the First and Second Continental Congresses, drafting and approving the Declaration of Independence (1776), the publication of 'Common Sense,' and major battles of the Revolutionary War. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.3.

6.4.E.4. Explain New Jersey's critical role in the American Revolution, including major battles, the involvement of women and African Americans, and the origins of the movement to abolish slavery. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.4.

6.4.E.5. Discuss the political and philosophical origins of the United States Constitution and its implementation in the 1790s. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.5.

6.4.E.6. Describe and map American territorial expansions and the settlement of the frontier during this period. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.6.

6.4.E.7. Analyze the causes and consequences of continuing conflict between Native American tribes and colonists (e.g., Tecumseh's rebellion). 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.7.

6.4.E.8. Discuss the background and major issues of the War of 1812 (e.g., sectional issues, role of Native Americans). 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.8.

6.4.F. Expansion and Reform (1801-1861)

6.4.F.1. Describe the political, economic, and social changes in New Jersey and American society preceding the Civil War, including the early stages of industrialization, the growth of cities, and the political, legal, and social controversies surrounding the expansion of slavery. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.1.

6.4.F.2. Discuss American cultural, religious, and social reform movements in the antebellum period (e.g., abolitionists, the Second Great Awakening, the origins of the labor and women's movements). 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.2.

6.4.F.3. Explain the concept of the Manifest Destiny and its relationship to the westward movement of settlers and territorial expansion, including the purchase of Florida (1819), the annexation of Texas (1845), the acquisition of the Oregon Territory (1846), and territorial acquisition resulting from the Mexican War (1846-1848). 31
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.3.

6.4.F.4. Explain the characteristics of political and social reform movements in the antebellum period in New Jersey, including the 1844 State Constitution, the temperance movement, the abolition movement, and the women's rights movement. 24
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.4.

6.4.F.5. Explain the importance of internal improvements on the transformation of New Jersey's economy through New Jersey's two canals and the Camden and Amboy Railroad.

6.4.F.6. Discuss the economic history of New Jersey, including growth of major industries and businesses, the lives of factory workers, and occupations of working people.

6.4.F.7. Compare political interests and views regarding the War of 1812 (e.g., US responses to shipping harassment, interests of Native Americans and white settlers in the Northwest Territory). 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.7.

6.4.F.8. Discuss sectional compromises associated with westward expansion of slavery, such as the Missouri Compromise (1820) and the continued resistance to slavery by African Americans (e.g., Amistad Revolt).

6.4.F.9. Describe and map the continuing territorial expansion and settlement of the frontier, including the acquisition of new territories and conflicts with Native Americans, the Louisiana Purchase, the Lewis and Clark expedition, and the California gold rush. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.9.

6.4.F.10. Explain how state and federal policies influenced various Native American tribes (e.g., homeland vs. resettlement, Black Hawk War, Trail of Tears). 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.10.

6.4.F.11. Understand the institution of slavery in the United States, resistance to it, and New Jersey's role in the Underground Railroad. 44
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.11.

6.4.G. Civil War and Reconstruction (1850-1877)

6.4.G.1. Explain the major events, issues, and personalities of the American Civil War. 30
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.1.

6.4.G.2. Analyze different points of view in regard to New Jersey's role in the Civil War, including abolitionist sentiment in New Jersey and New Jersey's vote in the elections of 1860 and 1864. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.2.

6.4.G.3. Explain Reconstruction as a government action, how it worked, and its effects after the war. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.3.

6.4.G.4. Discuss the impact of retaliatory state laws and general Southern resistance to Reconstruction. 19
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.4.

6.4.G.5. Discuss the Dawes Act of 1887, how it attempted to assimilate Native Americans by converting tribal lands to individual ownership, and its impact on Native Americans. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.5.

NJ.6.5. Economics: All students will acquire an understanding of key economic principles.

6.5.A. Economic Literacy

6.5.A.1. Discuss how needs and wants change as one ages and the impact of planning, spending and saving. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.1.

6.5.A.2. Explain the law of supply and demand. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.2.

6.5.A.3. Compare ways to save money, including checking and savings accounts, stocks and bonds, and the relationship between risk and return in investments. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.3.

6.5.A.4. Describe the role credit plays in the economy and explain the difference in cost between cash and credit purchases. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.4.

6.5.A.5. Discuss the economic growth of a nation in terms of increasing productivity, investment in physical capital, and investment in human capital. 18
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.5.

6.5.A.6. Describe how private industry acquires material and energy resources, provides jobs, raises financial capital, manages production processes, and markets goods and services that create wealth in order to meet consumer and industrial requirements. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.6.

6.5.A.7. Discuss how innovation, entrepreneurship, competition, customer satisfaction, and continuous improvement in productivity are responsible for the rise in the standard of living in the United States and other countries with market economies. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.7.

6.5.A.8. Compare and contrast the characteristics of the three basic economic systems: traditional or barter and trade, market capitalism, and command (e.g., communism). 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.8.

6.5.A.9. Explain what taxes are, how they are collected, and how tax dollars are used by local, state, and national governments to provide goods and services. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.9.

6.5.B. Economics and Society

6.5.B.1. Discuss how meeting the needs and wants of a growing world population impacts the environment and economic growth. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.1.

6.5.B.2. Describe the many ways federal, state, and local governments raise funds to meet the need for public facilities and government services. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.2.

6.5.B.3. Discuss how societies have been affected by industrialization and by different political and economic philosophies. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.3.

6.5.B.4. Describe how inventions and innovations have improved standards of living over the course of history. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.4.

6.5.B.5. Compare and contrast various careers, examining educational requirements and costs, salary and benefits, longevity, impact on society and the economy, and demand. 25
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.5.

6.5.B.6. Analyze and give examples of how business and industry influence the buying decisions of consumers through advertising. 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.6.

6.5.B.7. Discuss the need for ethical behavior in economic decisions and financial transactions 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.7.

NJ.6.6. Geography: All students will apply knowledge of spatial relationships and other geographic skills to understand human behavior in relation to the physical and cultural environment.

6.6.A. The World in Spatial Terms

6.6.A.1. Distinguish among the distinct characteristics of maps, globes, graphs, charts, diagrams, and other geographical representations, and the utility of each in solving problems. 41
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.1.

6.6.A.2. Translate maps into appropriate spatial graphics to display geographical information. 41
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.2.

6.6.A.3. Explain the spatial concepts of relative and absolute location and distance. 41
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.3.

6.6.A.4. Estimate distances between two places on a map using a scale of miles, and use cardinal and intermediate directions when referring to a relative location. 40
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.4.

6.6.A.5. Use geographic tools and technologies to pose and answer questions about spatial distributions and patterns on Earth. 40
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.5.

6.6.A.6. Distinguish among the major map types, including physical, political, topographic, and demographic. 40
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.6.

6.6.A.7. Explain the distribution of major human and physical features at country and global scales. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.7.

6.6.A.8. Use thematic maps to describe places (e.g., patterns of population, diseases, rainfall). 40
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.8.

6.6.A.9. Describe and distinguish among the various map projections, including size, shape, distance, and direction. 40
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.9.

6.6.A.10. Describe location technologies, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS). 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.10.

6.6.A.11. Describe the significance of the major cities of New Jersey, the United States, and the world. 24
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.11.

6.6.B. Places and Regions

6.6.B.1. Compare and contrast the physical and human characteristics of places in regions in New Jersey, the United States, and the world.

6.6.B.2. Describe how regions change over time. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.2.

6.6.B.3. Compare the natural characteristics used to define a region. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.3.

6.6.B.4. Explain how regional systems are interconnected (e.g., watersheds, trade, transportation systems). 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.4.

6.6.B.5. Discuss how the geography of New Jersey impacts transportation, industry, and community development.

6.6.B.6. Discuss the similarities and differences among rural, suburban, and urban communities.

6.6.B.7. Describe the types of regions and the influence and effects of region labels. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.7.

6.6.C. Physical Systems

6.6.C.1. Describe the characteristics and spatial distribution of major Earth ecosystems. 29
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.1.

6.6.C.2. Discuss how ecosystems function locally and globally. 29
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.2.

6.6.C.3. Predict effects of physical processes and changes on the Earth. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.3.

6.6.C.4. Discuss how the community and its environment function as an ecosystem. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.4.

6.6.C.5. Describe how the physical environment affects life in different regions (e.g., population density, architecture, transportation systems, industry, building materials, land use, recreation). 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.5.

6.6.D. Human Systems

6.6.D.1. Discuss how technology affects the ways in which people perceive and use places and regions. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.1.

6.6.D.2. Analyze demographic characteristics to explain reasons for variations between populations. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.2.

6.6.D.3. Compare and contrast the primary geographic causes for world trade. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.3.

6.6.D.4. Analyze the patterns of settlement in different urban regions of the world. 19
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.4.

6.6.D.5. Discuss how and why people cooperate, but also engage in conflict, to control the Earth's surface. 49
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.5.

6.6.D.6. Compare the patterns and processes of past and present human migration. 50
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.6.

6.6.D.7. Explain and identify examples of global interdependence. 24
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.7.

6.6.D.8. Describe how physical and human characteristics of regions change over time. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.8.

6.6.E. Environment and Society

6.6.E.1. Discuss the environmental impacts or intended and unintended consequences of major technological changes (e.g., autos and fossil fuels, nuclear power and nuclear waste). 141
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.1.

6.6.E.2. Analyze the impact of various human activities and social policies on the natural environment and describe how humans have attempted to solve environmental problems through adaptation and modification. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.2.

6.6.E.3. Compare and contrast conservation practices and alternatives for energy resources. 223
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.3.

6.6.E.4. Compare and contrast various ecosystems and describe their interrelationship and interdependence. 29
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.4.

6.6.E.5. Describe world, national, and local patterns of resource distribution and utilization, and discuss the political and social impact. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.5.

6.6.E.6. Analyze the importance of natural and manufactured resources in New Jersey.

6.6.E.7. Delineate and evaluate the issues involved with sprawl, open space, and smart growth in New Jersey. 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.7.

NJ.6.1. Social Studies Skills: All students will utilize historical thinking, problem solving, and research skills to maximize their understanding of civics, history, geography, and economics.

6.1.A. Social Studies Skills

6.1.A.1. Analyze how events are related over time. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.1.

6.1.A.2. Use critical thinking skills to interpret events, recognize bias, point of view, and context. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.2.

6.1.A.3. Assess the credibility of primary and secondary sources. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.3.

6.1.A.4. Analyze data in order to see persons and events in context. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.4.

6.1.A.5. Examine current issues, events, or themes and relate them to past events. 66
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.5.

6.1.A.6. Formulate questions based on information needs. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.6.

6.1.A.7. Use effective strategies for locating information. 84
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.7.

6.1.A.8. Compare and contrast competing interpretations of current and historical events. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.8.

6.1.A.9. Interpret events considering continuity and change, the role of chance, oversight and error, and changing interpretations by historians. 91
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.9.

6.1.A.10. Distinguish fact from fiction by comparing sources about figures and events with fictionalized characters and events. 45
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.10.

6.1.A.11. Summarize information in written, graphic, and oral formats. 20
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.1.A.11.

NJ.6.2. Civics: All students will know, understand and appreciate the values and principles of American democracy and the rights, responsibilities, and roles of a citizen in the nation and the world.

6.2.A. Civic Life, Politics, and Government

6.2.A.1. Discuss the sources, purposes, and functions of law and the importance of the rule of law for the preservation of individual rights and the common good. 20
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.1.

6.2.A.2. Describe the underlying values and principles of democracy and distinguish these from authoritarian forms of government. 48
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.2.

6.2.A.3. Discuss the major characteristics of democratic governments. 52
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.3.

6.2.A.4. Describe the processes of local government. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.4.

6.2.A.5. Discuss examples of domestic policies and agencies that impact American lives, including the Environmental Protection Agency (e.g., clean air and water), the Department of Labor (e.g., minimum wage) and the Internal Revenue Service (e.g., Social Security, income tax). 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.5.

6.2.A.6. Explain how non-governmental organizations influence legislation and policies at the federal, state, and local levels. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.A.6.

6.2.B. American Values and Principles

6.2.B.1. Analyze how certain values including individual rights, the common good, self-government, justice, equality and free inquiry are fundamental to American public life. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.1.

6.2.B.2. Describe representative government and explain how it works to protect the majority and the minority. 50
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.2.

6.2.B.3. Describe the continuing struggle to bring all groups of Americans into the mainstream of society with the liberties and equality to which all are entitled, as exemplified by individuals such as Susan B. Anthony, Frederick Douglass, Nat Turner, Paul Robeson, and Cesar Chavez. 23
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.B.3.

6.2.C. The Constitution and American Democracy

6.2.C.1. Discuss the major principles of the Constitution, including shared powers, checks and balances, separation of church and state, and federalism. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.1.

6.2.C.2. Compare and contrast the purposes, organization, functions, and interactions of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of national, state, and local governments and independent regulatory agencies. 45
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.2.

6.2.C.3. Discuss the role of political parties in the American democratic system including candidates, campaigns, financing, primary elections, and voting systems. 47
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.3.

6.2.C.4. Discuss major historical and contemporary conflicts over United States constitutional principles, including judicial review in Marbury v. Madison, slavery in the Dred Scott Decision, separate but equal in Plessy v. Ferguson, and the rights of minorities in the Indian Removal Act. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.4.

6.2.C.5. Discuss major historical and contemporary conflicts over New Jersey constitutional principles (e.g., the impact of the New Jersey School Law of 1881 which required integration in the state's public schools, Hedgepeth and Williams v. Trenton Board of Education, the Mount Laurel Decision, Jackman v. Bodine, Abbott v. Burke).

6.2.C.6. Research contemporary issues involving the constitutional rights of American citizens and other individuals residing in the United States, including voting rights, habeas corpus, rights of the accused, and the Patriot Act. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.C.6.

6.2.D. Citizenship

6.2.D.1. Discuss the rights and responsibilities of American citizens, including obeying laws, paying taxes, serving on juries, and voting in local, state, and national elections. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.1.

6.2.D.2. Discuss how the rights of American citizens may be in conflict with each other (e.g., right to privacy vs. free press). 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.2.

6.2.D.3. Describe major conflicts that have arisen from diversity (e.g., land and suffrage for Native Americans, civil rights, women's rights) and discuss how the conflicts have been addressed. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.3.

6.2.D.4. Explain the benefits, costs, and conflicts of a diverse nation. 52
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.4.

6.2.D.5. Discuss basic contemporary issues involving the personal, political, and economic rights of American citizens (e.g., dress codes, sexual harassment, fair trial, free press, minimum wage). 13
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.D.5.

6.2.E. International Education: Global Challenges, Cultures, and Connections

6.2.E.1. Analyze ways in which nation-states interact with one another through trade, diplomacy, cultural exchanges, treaties or agreements, humanitarian aid, economic incentives and sanctions, and the use or threat of military force. 26
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.1.

6.2.E.2. Discuss factors that lead to a breakdown of order among nation-states (e.g., conflicts about national interests, ethnicity, and religion; competition for territory or resources; absence of effective means to enforce international law) and describe the consequences of the breakdown of order. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.2.

6.2.E.3. Compare and contrast the powers the Constitution gives to Congress, the President, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and the federal judiciary regarding foreign affairs. 47
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.3.

6.2.E.4. Evaluate current United States foreign policy issues and strategies and their impact on the nation and the rest of the world. 26
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.4.

6.2.E.5. Discuss the purposes and functions of major international organizations (e.g., United Nations, World Health Organization, International Red Cross, Amnesty International) and the role of the United States within each. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.5.

6.2.E.6. Describe how one's heritage includes personal history and experiences, culture, customs, and family background. 42
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.6.

6.2.E.7. Analyze how the life, culture, economics, politics, and the media of the United States impact the rest of the world. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.7.

6.2.E.8. Discuss how global challenges are interrelated, complex, and changing and that even local issues may have a global dimension (e.g., environmental issues, transportation). 38
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.8.

6.2.E.9. Discuss how cultures may change and that individuals may identify with more than one culture. 40
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.9.

6.2.E.10. Engage in activities that foster understanding of various cultures (e.g., clubs, dance groups, sports, travel, community celebrations). 8
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.10.

6.2.E.11. Discuss the impact of the Internet and technology on global communication. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.11.

6.2.E.12. Discuss the impact of stereotyping on relationships, achievement, and life goals. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.12.

6.2.E.13. Analyze how prejudice and discrimination may lead to genocide as well as other acts of hatred and violence for the purposes of subjugation and exploitation. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.2.E.13.

NJ.6.3. World History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of world history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and the future.

6.3.A. The Birth of Civilization to 1000 BCE

6.3.A.1. Describe the physical and cultural changes that shaped the earliest human communities as revealed through scientific methods. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.A.1.

6.3.A.2. Describe how environmental conditions impacted the development of different human communities (e.g., population centers, impact of the last Ice Age). 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.A.2.

6.3.A.3. Compare and contrast the economic, political, and environmental factors (e.g., climate, trade, geography) that led to the development of major ancient civilizations including Mesopotamia (e.g., Hammurabi's Code), Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Yellow River, and Kush (Nubia). 103
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.A.3.

6.3.B. Early Human Societies to 500CE

6.3.B.1. Explain the historical context, origins, beliefs, and moral teachings of the major world religions and philosophies. 41
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.1.

6.3.B.2. Describe the political framework of Athenian society and its influence on modern society. 30
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.2.

6.3.B.3. Describe the social and political characteristics of the Greek city-states. 29
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.3.

6.3.B.4. Describe the significant contributions of ancient Greece to Western Civilization. 30
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.4.

6.3.B.5. Discuss the cultural influences of Greece, Egypt, Persia, and India on Mediterranean cultures through assimilation, conquest, migration, and trade. 45
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.5.

6.3.B.6. Discuss the origins and social framework of Roman society. 20
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.6.

6.3.B.7. Describe the political and social framework of Roman society. 23
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.7.

6.3.B.8. Analyze how shifts in the political framework of Roman society impacted the expansion of the empire and how this expansion transformed Roman society, economy, and culture. 23
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.8.

6.3.B.9. Discuss the political events that may have contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire, including internal divisions, significant battles, invasions, and political changes. 24
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.9.

6.3.B.10. Describe the development of the Mayan civilization from agricultural community to an urban civilization, including the influence of the environment on agricultural methods, water utilization, and herding methods. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.10.

6.3.B.11. Describe the significant features of Mayan civilization, including the locations of Mayan city-states, road systems, and sea routes, the role and status of elite men and women in Mayan society and their portrayal in Mayan architecture, the role of religion and ceremonial games in Mayan culture, and the structure and purpose of the Mayan pyramids. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.B.11.

6.3.C. Expanding Zones of Exchange and Interaction to 1400 CE

6.3.C.1. Discuss how Western civilization arose from a synthesis of Christianity and classical Greco-Roman civilization with the cultures of northern European peoples. 38
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.1.

6.3.C.2. Discuss the spread of Islam in Southwest Asia, the Mediterranean region, and Northern Africa and the influence of Islamic ideas and practices on other cultures and social behavior. 23
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.2.

6.3.C.3. Discuss the significance of the developing cultures of Asia, including the Golden Age in China and spread of Chinese civilization to Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia and the rise of the Mongol Empire and its impact on the Kievan Rus. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.3.

6.3.C.4. Analyze the rise of the West African Empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay and compare with changes in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. 80
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.4.

6.3.C.5. Analyze the relationships between Mesoamerican and Andean societies. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.5.

6.3.C.6. Explain the medieval origins of constitutional government in England (e.g., Edward I, Magna Carta, Model Parliament of 1295, Common Law). 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.6.

6.3.C.7. Discuss the evolution of significant political, economic, social and cultural institutions and events that shaped European medieval society, including Catholic and Byzantine churches, feudalism and manorialism, the Crusades, the rise of cities, and changing technology. 24
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.C.7.

6.3.D. The Age of Global Encounters (1400-1750)

6.3.D.1. Discuss factors that contributed to oceanic travel and exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries, including technological innovations in ship building navigation, naval warfare, navigational inventions such as the compass, and the impact of wind currents on the major trade routes. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.D.1.

6.3.D.2. Describe the significant contributions of the Renaissance and Reformation to European society, including major achievements in literature, music, painting, sculpture, and architecture. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.D.2.

6.3.D.3. Compare the social and political elements of Incan and Aztec societies, including the major aspects of government, the role of religion, daily life, economy, and social organization. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.3.D.3.

NJ.6.4. United States and New Jersey History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of United States and New Jersey history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and future.

6.4.A. Family and Community Life

6.4.B. State and Nation

6.4.C. Many Worlds Meet (to 1620)

6.4.C.1. Discuss factors that stimulated European overseas explorations between the 15th and 17th centuries and the impact of that exploration on the modern world. 32
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.1.

6.4.C.2. Trace the major land and water routes of the explorers. 33
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.2.

6.4.C.3. Compare the political, social, economic, and religious systems of Africans, Europeans, and Native Americans who converged in the western hemisphere after 1492 (e.g., civic values, population levels, family structure, communication, use of natural resources). 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.3.

6.4.C.4. Discuss the characteristics of the Spanish and Portuguese exploration and conquest of the Americas, including Spanish interaction with the Incan and Aztec empires, expeditions in the American Southwest, and the social composition of early settlers and their motives for exploration and conquest. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.4.

6.4.C.5. Describe the migration of the ancestors of the Lenape Indians and their culture at the time of first contact with Europeans. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.5.

6.4.C.6. Compare and contrast historic Native American groups of the West, Southwest, Northwest, Arctic and sub-Arctic, Great Plains, and Eastern Woodland regions at the beginning of European exploration. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.6.

6.4.C.7. Analyze the cultures and interactions of peoples in the Americas, Western Europe, and Africa after 1450 including the transatlantic slave trade. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.7.

6.4.C.8. Discuss how millions of Africans, brought against their will from Central Africa to the Americas, including Brazil, Caribbean nations, North America and other destinations, retained their humanity, their families, and their cultures during enslavement. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.C.8.

6.4.D. Colonization and Settlement (1585-1763)

6.4.D.1. Analyze the political, social, and cultural characteristics of the English colonies. 16
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.1.

6.4.D.2. Describe the political, religious, social, and economic institutions that emerged in Colonial America, including New Netherland and colonial New Jersey. 25
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.2.

6.4.D.3. Explain the differences in colonization of the Americas by England, the Netherlands, France, and Spain, including governance, relation to the mother countries, and interactions with other colonies and Native Americans. 24
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.3.

6.4.D.4. Examine the interactions between Native Americans and European settlers, such as agriculture, trade, cultural exchanges, and military alliances and conflicts. 49
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.4.

6.4.D.5. Describe Native American resistance to colonization, including the Cherokee War against the English, the French and Indian War, and King George's War. 18
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.5.

6.4.D.6. Identify factors that account for the establishment of African slavery in the Americas. 31
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.D.6.

6.4.D.7. Discuss Spanish exploration, settlement, and missions in the American Southwest.

6.4.E. Revolution and the New Nation (1754-1820)

6.4.E.1. Discuss the background and major issues of the American Revolution, including the political and economic causes and consequences of the revolution. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.1.

6.4.E.2. Discuss the major events (e.g. Boston Tea Party, Battle of Trenton) and personalities (e.g., George Washington, John Adams, John Witherspoon, William Franklin, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson) of the American Revolution. 28
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.2.

6.4.E.3. Identify major British and American leaders and describe their roles in key events, such as the First and Second Continental Congresses, drafting and approving the Declaration of Independence (1776), the publication of 'Common Sense,' and major battles of the Revolutionary War. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.3.

6.4.E.4. Explain New Jersey's critical role in the American Revolution, including major battles, the involvement of women and African Americans, and the origins of the movement to abolish slavery. 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.4.

6.4.E.5. Discuss the political and philosophical origins of the United States Constitution and its implementation in the 1790s. 3
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.5.

6.4.E.6. Describe and map American territorial expansions and the settlement of the frontier during this period. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.6.

6.4.E.7. Analyze the causes and consequences of continuing conflict between Native American tribes and colonists (e.g., Tecumseh's rebellion). 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.7.

6.4.E.8. Discuss the background and major issues of the War of 1812 (e.g., sectional issues, role of Native Americans). 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.E.8.

6.4.F. Expansion and Reform (1801-1861)

6.4.F.1. Describe the political, economic, and social changes in New Jersey and American society preceding the Civil War, including the early stages of industrialization, the growth of cities, and the political, legal, and social controversies surrounding the expansion of slavery. 33
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.1.

6.4.F.2. Discuss American cultural, religious, and social reform movements in the antebellum period (e.g., abolitionists, the Second Great Awakening, the origins of the labor and women's movements). 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.2.

6.4.F.3. Explain the concept of the Manifest Destiny and its relationship to the westward movement of settlers and territorial expansion, including the purchase of Florida (1819), the annexation of Texas (1845), the acquisition of the Oregon Territory (1846), and territorial acquisition resulting from the Mexican War (1846-1848). 19
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.3.

6.4.F.4. Explain the characteristics of political and social reform movements in the antebellum period in New Jersey, including the 1844 State Constitution, the temperance movement, the abolition movement, and the women's rights movement. 38
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.4.

6.4.F.5. Explain the importance of internal improvements on the transformation of New Jersey's economy through New Jersey's two canals and the Camden and Amboy Railroad. 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.5.

6.4.F.6. Discuss the economic history of New Jersey, including growth of major industries and businesses, the lives of factory workers, and occupations of working people.

6.4.F.7. Compare political interests and views regarding the War of 1812 (e.g., US responses to shipping harassment, interests of Native Americans and white settlers in the Northwest Territory). 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.7.

6.4.F.8. Discuss sectional compromises associated with westward expansion of slavery, such as the Missouri Compromise (1820) and the continued resistance to slavery by African Americans (e.g., Amistad Revolt). 28
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.8.

6.4.F.9. Describe and map the continuing territorial expansion and settlement of the frontier, including the acquisition of new territories and conflicts with Native Americans, the Louisiana Purchase, the Lewis and Clark expedition, and the California gold rush. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.9.

6.4.F.10. Explain how state and federal policies influenced various Native American tribes (e.g., homeland vs. resettlement, Black Hawk War, Trail of Tears). 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.10.

6.4.F.11. Understand the institution of slavery in the United States, resistance to it, and New Jersey's role in the Underground Railroad. 41
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.F.11.

6.4.G. Civil War and Reconstruction (1850-1877)

6.4.G.1. Explain the major events, issues, and personalities of the American Civil War. 48
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.1.

6.4.G.2. Analyze different points of view in regard to New Jersey's role in the Civil War, including abolitionist sentiment in New Jersey and New Jersey's vote in the elections of 1860 and 1864. 50
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.2.

6.4.G.3. Explain Reconstruction as a government action, how it worked, and its effects after the war. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.3.

6.4.G.4. Discuss the impact of retaliatory state laws and general Southern resistance to Reconstruction. 17
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.4.

6.4.G.5. Discuss the Dawes Act of 1887, how it attempted to assimilate Native Americans by converting tribal lands to individual ownership, and its impact on Native Americans. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.4.G.5.

NJ.6.5. Economics: All students will acquire an understanding of key economic principles.

6.5.A. Economic Literacy

6.5.A.1. Discuss how needs and wants change as one ages and the impact of planning, spending and saving. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.1.

6.5.A.2. Explain the law of supply and demand. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.2.

6.5.A.3. Compare ways to save money, including checking and savings accounts, stocks and bonds, and the relationship between risk and return in investments. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.3.

6.5.A.4. Describe the role credit plays in the economy and explain the difference in cost between cash and credit purchases. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.4.

6.5.A.5. Discuss the economic growth of a nation in terms of increasing productivity, investment in physical capital, and investment in human capital. 15
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.5.

6.5.A.6. Describe how private industry acquires material and energy resources, provides jobs, raises financial capital, manages production processes, and markets goods and services that create wealth in order to meet consumer and industrial requirements. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.6.

6.5.A.7. Discuss how innovation, entrepreneurship, competition, customer satisfaction, and continuous improvement in productivity are responsible for the rise in the standard of living in the United States and other countries with market economies. 13
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.7.

6.5.A.8. Compare and contrast the characteristics of the three basic economic systems: traditional or barter and trade, market capitalism, and command (e.g., communism). 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.8.

6.5.A.9. Explain what taxes are, how they are collected, and how tax dollars are used by local, state, and national governments to provide goods and services. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.A.9.

6.5.B. Economics and Society

6.5.B.1. Discuss how meeting the needs and wants of a growing world population impacts the environment and economic growth. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.1.

6.5.B.2. Describe the many ways federal, state, and local governments raise funds to meet the need for public facilities and government services. 4
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.2.

6.5.B.3. Discuss how societies have been affected by industrialization and by different political and economic philosophies. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.3.

6.5.B.4. Describe how inventions and innovations have improved standards of living over the course of history. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.4.

6.5.B.5. Compare and contrast various careers, examining educational requirements and costs, salary and benefits, longevity, impact on society and the economy, and demand. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.5.

6.5.B.6. Analyze and give examples of how business and industry influence the buying decisions of consumers through advertising. 2
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.6.

6.5.B.7. Discuss the need for ethical behavior in economic decisions and financial transactions 107
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.5.B.7.

NJ.6.6. Geography: All students will apply knowledge of spatial relationships and other geographic skills to understand human behavior in relation to the physical and cultural environment.

6.6.A. The World in Spatial Terms

6.6.A.1. Distinguish among the distinct characteristics of maps, globes, graphs, charts, diagrams, and other geographical representations, and the utility of each in solving problems. 40
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.1.

6.6.A.2. Translate maps into appropriate spatial graphics to display geographical information. 50
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.2.

6.6.A.3. Explain the spatial concepts of relative and absolute location and distance. 40
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.3.

6.6.A.4. Estimate distances between two places on a map using a scale of miles, and use cardinal and intermediate directions when referring to a relative location. 41
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.4.

6.6.A.5. Use geographic tools and technologies to pose and answer questions about spatial distributions and patterns on Earth. 41
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.5.

6.6.A.6. Distinguish among the major map types, including physical, political, topographic, and demographic. 40
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.6.

6.6.A.7. Explain the distribution of major human and physical features at country and global scales. 41
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.7.

6.6.A.8. Use thematic maps to describe places (e.g., patterns of population, diseases, rainfall). 40
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.8.

6.6.A.9. Describe and distinguish among the various map projections, including size, shape, distance, and direction. 40
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.9.

6.6.A.10. Describe location technologies, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS). 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.10.

6.6.A.11. Describe the significance of the major cities of New Jersey, the United States, and the world. 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.A.11.

6.6.B. Places and Regions

6.6.B.1. Compare and contrast the physical and human characteristics of places in regions in New Jersey, the United States, and the world. 5
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.1.

6.6.B.2. Describe how regions change over time. 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.2.

6.6.B.3. Compare the natural characteristics used to define a region. 6
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.3.

6.6.B.4. Explain how regional systems are interconnected (e.g., watersheds, trade, transportation systems). 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.4.

6.6.B.5. Discuss how the geography of New Jersey impacts transportation, industry, and community development.

6.6.B.6. Discuss the similarities and differences among rural, suburban, and urban communities. 12
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.6.

6.6.B.7. Describe the types of regions and the influence and effects of region labels. 7
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.B.7.

6.6.C. Physical Systems

6.6.C.1. Describe the characteristics and spatial distribution of major Earth ecosystems. 25
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.1.

6.6.C.2. Discuss how ecosystems function locally and globally. 25
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.2.

6.6.C.3. Predict effects of physical processes and changes on the Earth. 14
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.3.

6.6.C.4. Discuss how the community and its environment function as an ecosystem. 21
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.4.

6.6.C.5. Describe how the physical environment affects life in different regions (e.g., population density, architecture, transportation systems, industry, building materials, land use, recreation). 98
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.C.5.

6.6.D. Human Systems

6.6.D.1. Discuss how technology affects the ways in which people perceive and use places and regions. 48
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.1.

6.6.D.2. Analyze demographic characteristics to explain reasons for variations between populations. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.2.

6.6.D.3. Compare and contrast the primary geographic causes for world trade. 9
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.3.

6.6.D.4. Analyze the patterns of settlement in different urban regions of the world. 13
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.4.

6.6.D.5. Discuss how and why people cooperate, but also engage in conflict, to control the Earth's surface. 49
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.5.

6.6.D.6. Compare the patterns and processes of past and present human migration. 87
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.6.

6.6.D.7. Explain and identify examples of global interdependence. 21
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.7.

6.6.D.8. Describe how physical and human characteristics of regions change over time. 10
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.D.8.

6.6.E. Environment and Society

6.6.E.1. Discuss the environmental impacts or intended and unintended consequences of major technological changes (e.g., autos and fossil fuels, nuclear power and nuclear waste). 104
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.1.

6.6.E.2. Analyze the impact of various human activities and social policies on the natural environment and describe how humans have attempted to solve environmental problems through adaptation and modification. 24
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.2.

6.6.E.3. Compare and contrast conservation practices and alternatives for energy resources. 60
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.3.

6.6.E.4. Compare and contrast various ecosystems and describe their interrelationship and interdependence. 30
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.4.

6.6.E.5. Describe world, national, and local patterns of resource distribution and utilization, and discuss the political and social impact. 1
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.5.

6.6.E.6. Analyze the importance of natural and manufactured resources in New Jersey.

6.6.E.7. Delineate and evaluate the issues involved with sprawl, open space, and smart growth in New Jersey. 11
Suggested Titles for New Jersey Social Studies State Standard 6.6.E.7.

NJ.6.1. Social Studies Skills: All students will utilize historical thinking, problem solving, and research skills to maximize their understanding of civics, history, geography, and economics.

6.1.A. Social Studies Skills

6.1.A.1. Analyze how historical events shape the modern world.

6.1.A.2. Formulate questions and hypotheses from multiple perspectives, using multiple sources.

6.1.A.3. Gather, analyze, and reconcile information from primary and secondary sources to support or reject hypotheses.

6.1.A.4. Examine source data within the historical, social, political, geographic, or economic context in which it was created, testing credibility and evaluating bias.

6.1.A.5. Evaluate current issues, events, or themes and trace their evolution through historical periods.

6.1.A.6. Apply problem-solving skills to national, state, or local issues and propose reasoned solutions.

6.1.A.7. Analyze social, political, and cultural change and evaluate the impact of each on local, state, national, and international issues and events.

6.1.A.8. Evaluate historical and contemporary communications to identify factual accuracy, soundness of evidence, and absence of bias and discuss strategies used by the government, political candidates, and the media to communicate with the public.

NJ.6.2. Civics: All students will know, understand and appreciate the values and principles of American democracy and the rights, responsibilities, and roles of a citizen in the nation and the world.

6.2.A. Civic Life, Politics, and Government

6.2.A.1. Analyze how reserved and jointly held powers in the United States Constitution result in tensions among the three branches of government and how these tensions are resolved (e.g., Marbury v. Madison-1803; Federalist #78; United States v. Nixon-1974, claims of Executive Privilege by Presidents Nixon, Clinton, and Bush).

6.2.A.2. Apply the concept of the rule of law to contemporary issues (e.g., impeachment of President Clinton, use of Executive Privilege, recess appointments to federal courts, the Senate's advise and consent process, and the use of litmus tests).

6.2.A.3. Analyze how individual responsibility and commitment to law are related to the stability of American society.

6.2.A.4. Evaluate competing ideas about the purpose of the national and state governments and how they have changed over time (e.g., the American version of federalism, the powers of the federal government and the states, differing interpretations of Article I, Sections 8-10).

6.2.A.5. Discuss how participation in civic and political life can contribute to the attainment of individual and public good.

6.2.A.6. Evaluate ways that national political parties influence the development of public policies and political platforms, including political action committees, McCain-Feingold Act, platform committees, and political campaigns.

6.2.A.7. Analyze how public opinion is measured and used in public debate (e.g., electronic polling, focus groups, Gallup polls, newspaper and television polls) and how public opinion can be influenced by the government and the media.

6.2.B. American Values and Principles

6.2.B.1. Analyze major historical events and important ideas that led to and sustained the constitutional government of the United States, including the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the Judiciary Act of 1789, the first Cabinet under George Washington, and Amendments 1-15.

6.2.B.2. Propose and justify new local, state, or federal governmental policies on a variety of contemporary issues (e.g., definition of marriage, voting systems and procedures, censorship, religion in public places).

6.2.B.3. Describe historic and contemporary efforts to reduce discrepancies between ideals and reality in American public life, including Amendments 13-15, the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and 1875, the Abolitionist movement, the Civil War, and the end of slavery in the United States.

6.2.B.4. Discuss how a common and shared American civic culture is based on commitment to central ideas in founding-era documents (e.g., United States Constitution) and in core documents of subsequent periods of United States history (e.g., Washington's Farewell Address; Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions-1848; The Gettysburg Address; President Franklin Roosevelt's 'Four Freedoms' speech -1941; President Kennedy's Inaugural Address-1961; the 17th, 19th, and 24th Amendments; Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream' speech and the 'Letter from Birmingham Jail').

6.2.B.5. Analyze the successes of American society and disparities between American ideals and reality in American political, social, and economic life and suggest ways to address them (e.g., rights of minorities, women, physically and mentally challenged individuals, foreign born individuals).

6.2.B.6. Explore the importance and presence of voluntarism and philanthropy in America and examine the role of local, state, national, and international organizations such as the American Red Cross, the Salvation Army, and the Rotary.

6.2.C. The Constitution and American Democracy

6.2.C.1. Debate current issues and controversies involving the central ideas of the American constitutional system, including representative government (e.g., Electoral College and the popular vote), civic virtue (e.g., increasing voter turnout through registrations and campaigns), checks and balances, and limits on governmental power.

6.2.C.2. Analyze, through current and historical examples and Supreme Court cases, the scope of governmental power and how the constitutional distribution of responsibilities seeks to prevent the abuse of that power.

6.2.C.3. Compare the American system of representative government with systems in other democracies such as the parliamentary systems in England and France.

6.2.C.4. Compare and contrast the major constitutional and legal responsibilities of the federal government for domestic and foreign policy and describe how disagreements are resolved.

6.2.C.5. Describe the nature of political parties in America and how they reflect the spectrum of political views on current state and federal policy issues.

6.2.C.6. Explain the federal and state legislative process and analyze the influence of lobbying, advocacy groups, the media, and campaign finance on the development of laws and regulations.

6.2.D. Citizenship

6.2.D.1. Evaluate the characteristics needed for effective participation in civic and political life.

6.2.D.2. Compare and contrast the rights and responsibilities of government and its citizens as delineated in the United States Constitution, the New Jersey Constitution of 1947, and the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

6.2.D.3. Compare and contrast the benefits of American citizenship (e.g., habeas corpus, secret ballots, freedom of movement and expression) with those of citizens of other nations, including democratic and non-democratic countries.

6.2.D.4. Recommend ways that citizens can use knowledge of state or federal government policies and decision-making processes to influence the formation, development, or implementation of current public policy issues (e.g., First Amendment right to petition for redress of grievances).

6.2.D.5. Discuss how citizens can participate in the political process at the local, state, or national level (e.g., registering to vote, voting, attending meetings, contacting a representative, demonstrating, petitions, boycotting) and analyze how these forms of political participation influence public policy.

6.2.E. International Education: Global Challenges, Cultures, and Connections

6.2.E.1. Compare and contrast key past and present United States foreign policy actions (e.g., diplomacy, economic aid, humanitarian aid, military aid) and positions (e.g., treaties, sanctions, interventions) and evaluate their consequences.

6.2.E.2. Analyze and evaluate United States foreign policy actions and positions, including the Monroe Doctrine, the Mexican Cession, the Truman Doctrine, the Cold War, the world-wide struggle against terrorism, and the Iraq War.

6.2.E.3. Describe how the world is organized politically into nation-states and alliances and how these interact with one another through organizations such as the European Union, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the United Nations, the World Court, and the Group of Seven Industrialized Nations (G7).

6.2.E.4. Analyze and evaluate the interconnections of local, regional, and national issues with global challenges and issues, and recommend possible solutions.

6.2.E.5. Discuss how global interconnections can have both positive and negative consequences (e.g., international companies, transfer of jobs to foreign plants, international security and access to transportation).

6.2.E.6. Investigate a global challenge (e.g., hunger, AIDS, nuclear defense, global warming) in depth and over time, predict the impact if the current situation does not change, and offer possible solutions.

6.2.E.7. Participate in events to acquire understanding of complex global problems (e.g., Model United Nations, international simulations, field trips to government sites).

6.2.E.8. Justify an opinion or idea about a global issue while showing respect for divergent viewpoints.

6.2.E.9. Discuss the impact of technology, migration, the economy, politics, and urbanization on culture.

6.2.E.10. Compare and contrast common social and behavioral practices in various cultures (e.g., birth, marriage, death, gender issues, family structure, health issues).

6.2.E.11. Participate in activities that foster understanding and appreciation for diverse cultures (e.g., world language instruction, student exchange, clubs, international forums, community service, speaker programs, arts, sports).

6.2.E.12. Analyze the impact of communication networks, technology, transportation, and international business on global issues.

6.2.E.13. Analyze how the media presents cultural stereotypes and images and discuss how this impacts beliefs and behaviors.

6.2.E.14. Connect the concept of universal human rights to world events and issues.

6.2.E.15. Compare and contrast current and past genocidal acts and other acts of hatred and violence for the purposes of subjugation and exploitation (e.g., Holocaust, Native Americans, Irish famine, Armenia, Ukrainian collectivization, Cambodia, Rwanda) and discuss present and future actions by individuals and governments to prevent the reoccurrence of such events.

NJ.6.3. World History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of world history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and the future.

6.3.A. The Birth of Civilization to 1000 BCE

6.3.A.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.3.B. Early Human Societies to 500 CE

6.3.B.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.3.C. Expanding Zones of Exchange and Interaction to 1400 CE

6.3.C.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.3.D. The Age of Global Encounters (1400-1750)

6.3.D.1. Discuss the major developments in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, including China during the Ming and Qing Dynasty, Japan during the Tokugawa Period, the influence of Islam in shaping the political and social structure in the Middle East, including the Ottoman period, West Africa, including Mali and Songhay, India, including the Mughal Empire, and the impact of European arrival in the Americas.

6.3.D.2. Analyze and compare the ways that slavery and other forms of coerced labor or social bondage were practiced in East Africa, West Africa, Southwest Asia, Europe, and the Americas.

6.3.D.3. Describe the significant social and cultural changes that took place during the Renaissance, including advances in printing press technology, the works of Renaissance writers and elements of Humanism, the revival of Greco-Roman art, architecture, and scholarship, and differing ideas on the role of women.

6.3.D.4. Describe the early influences on the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment.

6.3.D.5. Discuss the contributions of the Scientific Revolution to European society, including important discoveries in mathematics, physics, biology, and chemistry, and the significance of the scientific method advanced by Descartes and Bacon.

6.3.D.6. Discuss the major developments in European society and culture.

6.3.E. The Age of Revolutionary Change (1750-1914)

6.3.E.1. Discuss the causes and consequences of political revolutions in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

6.3.E.2. Discuss how industrialization shaped social class (e.g., child labor, conditions of social class) and the development of labor organizations.

6.3.E.3. Explain the main patterns of global change in colonizing Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and the Americas, including the Indian Ocean and Pan Asian economies prior to the rise of Europe.

6.3.E.4. Trace the growth of independence movements and the rejection of colonialism including the Haitian Revolution and leaders such as Toussaint L'Ouverture, Simon Bolivar in Venezuela, and Jose Manti in Cuba.

6.3.E.5. Evaluate the changes brought about by the Meiji Restoration period in Japan (e.g., modernization, changes in policies on Western influence).

6.3.E.6. Describe how Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism spread during this period, including the areas of influence and reasons for the growth.

6.3.E.7. Discuss events that shaped the social structure of Russia in the 19th and early 20th century.

6.3.F. The Era of the Great Wars (1914-1945)

6.3.F.1. Analyze the causes and aftermath of World War I.

6.3.F.2. Analyze the background and global consequences of actions leading to World War II.

6.3.G. The Modern World (1945-1979)

6.3.G.1. Analyze the transition from wartime alliances to new patterns of global conflict and cooperation, and the reconstruction of Europe and Asia.

6.3.G.2. Apply historical analysis to explain global political, economic, and social changes in the 20th century.

6.3.H. Looking to the Future (1980-present)

6.3.H.1. Analyze global political, economic, and social changes in the 20th century.

6.3.H.2. Assess the growth of a worldwide economy of interdependent regions and the development of a dynamic new world order of increasingly interdependent regions, including NATO, the World Bank, the United Nations, the World Court, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and the European Economic Union, IMF and OPEC.

6.3.H.3. Evaluate the paradoxes and promises of the 21st century.

6.3.H.4. Analyze the development and effects of multinational corporations on trade, employment, and the environment.

NJ.6.4. United States and New Jersey History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of United States and New Jersey history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and future.

6.4.A. Family and Community Life

6.4.A.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.4.B. State and Nation

6.4.B.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.4.C. Many Worlds Meet (to 1620)

6.4.C.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.4.D. Colonization and Settlement (1585-1763)

6.4.D.1. Analyze the major issues of the colonial period, including European hegemony over North America and mercantilism and trade.

6.4.D.2. Analyze how American colonial experiences caused change in the economic institutions of Europe, Africa, and the native population by examining indentured servitude and slavery and the rights of men and women.

6.4.D.3. Analyze the cultural reactions and survival techniques used by enslaved Africans to maintain their family structure, culture, and faith.

6.4.D.4. Analyze the political, religious, social, and economic institutions that emerged in colonial New Jersey.

6.4.D.5. Discuss Spanish exploration, settlement, and missions in the American Southwest.

6.4.E. Revolution and the New Nation (1754-1820)

6.4.E.1. Discuss the social, political, and religious aspects of the American Revolution, including key decisions leading to the Revolution, efforts by Parliament and the colonies to prevent revolution, the ideas of different religious denominations, and the economic and social differences of Loyalists, Patriots, and those who remained neutral.

6.4.E.2. Analyze the social and economic impact of the Revolutionary War, including problems of financing the war (e.g., wartime inflation, hoarding and profiteering), the impact of the war on women and African Americans, and the personal and economic hardships on families involved with the war.

6.4.E.3. Discuss the involvement of European nations during the Revolution and how their involvement influenced the outcome and aftermath (e.g., the assistance of France and Spain, how the self-interests of France and Spain differed from the United States after the war, the contributions of European military leaders, the creation of the Alien Sedition Acts).

6.4.E.4. Analyze strategic elements used during the Revolutionary War, discuss turning points during the war, and explain how the Americans won the war against superior resources.

6.4.E.5. Analyze New Jersey's role in the American Revolution, including New Jersey's Constitution of 1776 as a revolutionary document, why some New Jerseyans became Loyalists, and the Battles of Trenton, Princeton, and Monmouth.

6.4.E.6. Compare and contrast the major philosophical and historical influences on the development of the Constitution (e.g., Washington's Farewell Address (1796), Locke's Second Treatise, the ideas of Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and William Paterson).

6.4.E.7. Describe the early evolution of the system of government and political parties in the United States (e.g., presidential elections of 1792, 1796, 1800).

6.4.E.8. Discuss the implementation of the federal government under the United States Constitution during the presidency of George Washington.

6.4.E.9. Describe the origin and development of the political parties, the Federalists, and the Democratic Republicans (1793-1801).

6.4.F. Expansion and Reform (1801-1861)

6.4.F.1. Discuss the political interests and views of the War of 1812 (e.g., US responses to shipping harassment, role of Native Americans, role of white settlers in the Northwest Territory; congressional positions for and against the war).

6.4.F.2. Analyze American territorial expansion during this period, including the reasons for and consequences of the Louisiana Purchase, the Monroe Doctrine, Manifest Destiny, the Mexican War, the settlement of the frontier, and conflicts with Native-Americans.

6.4.F.3. Analyze the political, economic, and social changes in New Jersey prior to the Civil War, including the growth of New Jersey's cities, New Jersey's 1844 Constitution, the early stages of industrialization, including Alexander Hamilton and the Society for the Establishment of Useful Manufacturing, and the political and economic implications of the transportation monopolies.

6.4.F.4. Compare and contrast the characteristics of cultural, religious, and social reform movements in the antebellum period, including the abolition movement, the public school movement, the temperance movement, and the women's rights movement (e.g., Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments).

6.4.G. Civil War and Reconstruction (1850-1877)

6.4.G.1. Analyze key issues, events, and personalities of the Civil War period, including New Jersey's role in the Abolitionist Movement and the national elections, the development of the Jersey Shore, and the roles of women and children in New Jersey factories.

6.4.G.2. Assess the continuing social and political issues following the Civil War, including the various Reconstruction plans, the amendments to the United States Constitution, and the women's suffrage movement.

6.4.G.3. Describe New Jersey's role in the post-Civil War era, including New Jersey's votes on the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution.

6.4.H. The Industrial Revolution (1870-1900)

6.4.H.1. Analyze and evaluate key events, people, and groups associated with industrialization and its impact on urbanization, immigration, farmers, the labor movement, social reform, and government regulation.

6.4.H.2. Analyze the development of industrialization in America and New Jersey during this period and the resulting transformation of the country, including the construction of the transcontinental railroad, the introduction of mechanized farming, the rise of corporations and organized labor, and the growth of cities.

6.4.H.3. Analyze social and political trends in post Reconstruction America, including immigration restrictions, Jim Crow Laws and racial segregation, the rise of extra legal organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan, and the Plessy v. Ferguson decision.

6.4.H.4. Describe the economic development by which the United States became a major industrial power in the world and analyze the factors that contributed to industrialization.

6.4.H.5. Discuss the causes and consequences of the Spanish-American War (e.g., United States' justifications, the role of the United States in Cuba, impact on international relations, the acquisition of new territories).

6.4.H.6. Discuss elements that contributed to late 19th century expansionist foreign policy, including racial ideology, missionary zeal, nationalism, domestic tensions, and economic interests.

6.4.I. The Emergence of Modern America (1890-1930)

6.4.I.1. Analyze the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904) and explain how it modified the Monroe Doctrine (1823), justifying a new direction in United States foreign policy.

6.4.I.2. Discuss the rise of the Progressive Movement, including the relationship between Progressivism and the Populist Movement, Woodrow Wilson as Governor of New Jersey, anti-trust reform, the woman suffrage movement (e.g., Alice Paul), and municipal reform (e.g., Frank Hague).

6.4.I.3. Analyze United States foreign policy through World War I, including relations with Japan and China, the Spanish, Cuban, American War, and the building of the Panama Canal.

6.4.I.4. Describe the major events, personalities, and decisions of World War I, including the causes of United States involvement, social conditions on the home front, significant battles, Wilson's peace plan, and isolationism.

6.4.I.5. Explore and evaluate the role of New Jersey industry in World War I.

6.4.I.6. Analyze President Woodrow Wilson's 'Fourteen Points' Address to Congress (1918) and explain how it differed from proposals by French and British leaders for a treaty to conclude World War I.

6.4.I.7. Discuss the ratification of the Versailles Treaty and United States non-participation in the League of Nations.

6.4.I.8. Compare and contrast the social, cultural, and technological changes in the inter-war period, including the changing role of women, the rise of a consumer economy, the resurgence of nativism and racial violence, the Harlem Renaissance, and the Great Migration of African Americans to New Jersey from the south.

6.4.I.9. Discuss the working conditions in the Paterson silk mills and the strike of 1913.

6.4.I.10. Discuss the creation of social, labor, political, and economic advocacy organizations and institutions, including the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the AFL/CIO and other labor organizations, and the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).

6.4.I.11. Discuss the role of Chief Sitting Bull, the outcome and impact of the Wounded Knee Tragedy of 1890, and the suppression of the American Indian revivalist movement known as Ghost Dance.

6.4.J. The Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945)

6.4.J.1. Explain the economic impact of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930).

6.4.J.2. Describe how the Great Depression and the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt transformed America, including the growth of the federal government, the rise of the Welfare State, and industrial unionism.

6.4.J.3. Analyze how the Great Depression and the New Deal transformed New Jersey, including Work Progress Administration (WPA) projects in New Jersey, the Jersey Homesteads, and New Deal projects.

6.4.J.4. Discuss how the Depression contributed to the development of Social Security, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).

6.4.J.5. Compare and contrast key events and people involved with the causes, course, and consequences of World War II.

6.4.J.6. Describe the political background leading to American involvement in World War II, the course of the war in Europe and Asia, the mobilization of women and African Americans into the military and related industries, the segregated military, the use of the Atom Bomb, and the founding of the United Nations.

6.4.J.7. Describe New Jersey's role in World War II.

6.4.K. Postwar Years (1945-1970s)

6.4.K.1. Discuss how American policies following World War II developed as a result of the failures experienced and lessons learned after World War I.

6.4.K.2. Explain changes in the post war society of the United States and New Jersey, including the impact of television, the interstate highway system, the growth of the suburbs, and the democratization of education.

6.4.K.3. Interpret political trends in post-war New Jersey, including the New Jersey State Constitution of 1947, the impact of legal cases such as Hedgepeth and Williams v. Trenton Board of Education on the banning of segregation in the schools under the new State Constitution, the development and impact of New Jersey's Law Against Discrimination (P.L. 1945, c.169), and the shift of political power from rural and urban areas to the suburbs.

6.4.K.4. Analyze United States foreign policy during the Cold War period, including US/USSR relations, United States reaction to the Soviet subjugation of Eastern Europe, the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the Korean and Vietnam Wars, and relations with China.

6.4.K.5. Analyze political trends in post war America, including major United States Supreme Court decisions and the administrations of Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson.

6.4.K.6. Analyze the Civil Rights and Women's Movements, including the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the Civil Rights Act (1957 and 1964), the Little Rock Schools Crisis, the Voting Rights Act, Brown v. Board of Education, the formation of the National Council of La Raza (NCLR), the American Indian Movement (AIM), the formation of the National Organization for Women (NOW), and the passing of Title IX.

6.4.K.7. Describe how changes in federal policy impacted immigration to New Jersey and America, including the shift in places of origin from Western Europe to Latin America, the Caribbean, and Asia.

6.4.L. Contemporary America (1968-present)

6.4.L.1. Examine the administration of American presidents, beginning with President Richard M. Nixon, as a means to analyze political and economic issues in contemporary America, including domestic policy and international affairs.

6.4.L.2. Investigate the economic and social patterns in contemporary New Jersey, including shifts in immigration patterns, urban decline and renewal, important New Jersey Supreme Court rulings (e.g., Mount Laurel decision), and the issue of preserving open space.

6.4.L.3. Describe the growth of the technology and pharmaceutical industries in New Jersey.

6.4.L.4. Analyze United States domestic policies, including the civil rights movement, affirmative action, the labor and women's movements, conservatism vs. liberalism, the post-industrial economy, free trade, and international trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

6.4.L.5. Compare and contrast key events and people associated with foreign policy, including the fall of communism and the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, United States involvement in Haiti, Somalia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Kosovo, the Iran Hostage Crisis, and the war on terrorism.

6.4.L.6. Compare and contrast population trends and immigration and migration patterns in the United States (e.g., growth of Hispanic population, demographic and residential mobility).

6.4.L.7. Discuss major contemporary social issues, such as the evolution of governmental rights for individuals with disabilities, multiculturalism, bilingual education, gay rights, free expression in the media, and the modern feminist movement.

NJ.6.5. Economics: All students will acquire an understanding of key economic principles.

6.5.A. Economic Literacy

6.5.A.1. Describe different types of local, state, and federal taxes such as sales, income, and social security, discuss how deductions, exemptions, and credits reduce taxable income, and explain the difference between a progressive and regressive tax.

6.5.A.2. Describe the purposes of social security and Medicare.

6.5.A.3. Explain and interpret basic economic indicators, including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Consumer Price Index (CPI) the rate of economic growth, the poverty rate, the deficit and national debt, and the trade deficit.

6.5.A.4. Identify entrepreneurs in the community and describe the risks and rewards of starting a new business.

6.5.A.5. Discuss how a market economy experiences periodic business cycles of prosperity and recession and that the federal government can adjust taxes, interest rates, spending, and other policies to help restore economic health.

6.5.A.6. Analyze federal and state budgets, and discuss the proportional share of government spending to major elements such as education, social programs, public safety, military, foreign aid, and welfare.

6.5.A.7. Analyze the impact of supply and demand on market adjustments and prices (e.g., real estate and interest rates).

6.5.A.8. Define basic terms associated with international trade such as imports, exports, quotas, embargoes, tariffs, and free trade.

6.5.A.9. Compare and contrast forms of insurance that protect individuals from loss or damage (e.g., life, property, health, disability, personal liability, bank deposits).

6.5.A.10. Explain how changes in exchange rates impact the purchasing power of people in the United States and other countries.

6.5.B. Economics and Society

6.5.B.1. Compare and contrast the roles of the United States government and the private sector in the United States economy (e.g., Federal Reserve System, United States Mint, Stock Exchange).

6.5.B.2. Evaluate international trade principles and policies.

6.5.B.3. Analyze labor and environmental issues affecting American citizens raised by economic globalization and free trade pacts.

6.5.B.4. Discuss the value and role of free and fair competition versus the social need for cooperation and how business, industry, and government try to reconcile these goals.

6.5.B.5. Analyze the importance of economic issues to politics and be able to distinguish the economic views of different political parties.

6.5.B.6. Analyze the connections and potential effects of the widening gap between the rich and the poor in the United States, the decline in labor union membership since 1950, rapidly advancing technology, globalization, and problems of public schools.

6.5.B.7. Compare and contrast the causes and consequences of discrimination in markets, employment, housing, business, and financial transactions.

6.5.B.8. Evaluate the activities and impact in various countries of major international institutions including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization.

6.5.B.9. Describe how clearly defined and enforced property rights (e.g., copyright laws, patents) are essential to a market economy.

NJ.6.6. Geography: All students will apply knowledge of spatial relationships and other geographic skills to understand human behavior in relation to the physical and cultural environment.

6.6.A. The World in Spatial Terms

6.6.A.1. Discuss the application of geographic tools and supporting technologies, such as GIS, GPS, the Internet, and CD databases.

6.6.A.2. Use maps of physical and human characteristics of the world to answer complex geographical questions.

6.6.A.3. Analyze, explain, and solve geographical problems using maps, supporting technologies, and other graphical representations.

6.6.A.4. Use geographic tools and technologies to pose and answer questions about spatial distributions and patterns on Earth.

6.6.A.5. Apply spatial thinking to understand the interrelationship of history, geography economics, and the environment, including domestic and international migrations, changing environmental preferences and settlement patterns, and frictions between population groups.

6.6.B. Places and Regions

6.6.B.1. Analyze and compare the functions and spatial arrangements of cities both locally and globally.

6.6.B.2. Evaluate how human interaction with the physical environment shapes the features of places and regions.

6.6.B.3. Analyze why places and regions are important factors to individual and social identity.

6.6.C. Physical Systems

6.6.C.1. Assess relationships between soil, climate, plant, and animal life and how this impacts the distribution of ecosystems.

6.6.C.2. Analyze the effects of both physical and human changes in ecosystems, such as acid rain, ozone layer, carbon-dioxide levels, and clean water issues.

6.6.D. Human Systems

6.6.D.1. Analyze the impact of human migration on physical and human systems.

6.6.D.2. Explain the spatial-technological processes of cultural convergence (cultural adaptations over distances) and divergence (separating effects of cultural diffusion over distances).

6.6.D.3. Analyze the historic movement patterns of people and their goods and their relationship to economic activity.

6.6.D.4. Analyze the processes that change urban areas.

6.6.D.5. Analyze how cooperation and conflict influence the control of economic, political, and social entities on Earth.

6.6.E. Environment and Society

6.6.E.1. Discuss the global impacts of human modification of the physical environment (e.g., the built environment).

6.6.E.2. Discuss the importance of maintaining biodiversity.

6.6.E.3. Analyze examples of changes in the physical environment that have altered the capacity of the environment to support human activity, including pollution, salinization, deforestation, species extinction, population growth, and natural disasters.

6.6.E.4. Compare and contrast the historical movement patterns of people and goods in the world, United States, and New Jersey and analyze the basis for increasing global interdependence.

6.6.E.5. Evaluate policies and programs related to the use of local, national and global resources.

6.6.E.6. Analyze the human need for respect for and informed management of all resources (sustainability), including human populations, energy, air, land, and water to insure that the earth will support future generations.

6.6.E.7. Describe how and why historical and cultural knowledge can help to improve present and future environmental maintenance.

6.6.E.8. Delineate and evaluate the environmental impact of technological change in human history (e.g., printing press, electricity and electronics, automobiles, computer, and medical technology).

NJ.6.1. Social Studies Skills: All students will utilize historical thinking, problem solving, and research skills to maximize their understanding of civics, history, geography, and economics.

6.1.A. Social Studies Skills

6.1.A.1. Analyze how historical events shape the modern world.

6.1.A.2. Formulate questions and hypotheses from multiple perspectives, using multiple sources.

6.1.A.3. Gather, analyze, and reconcile information from primary and secondary sources to support or reject hypotheses.

6.1.A.4. Examine source data within the historical, social, political, geographic, or economic context in which it was created, testing credibility and evaluating bias.

6.1.A.5. Evaluate current issues, events, or themes and trace their evolution through historical periods.

6.1.A.6. Apply problem-solving skills to national, state, or local issues and propose reasoned solutions.

6.1.A.7. Analyze social, political, and cultural change and evaluate the impact of each on local, state, national, and international issues and events.

6.1.A.8. Evaluate historical and contemporary communications to identify factual accuracy, soundness of evidence, and absence of bias and discuss strategies used by the government, political candidates, and the media to communicate with the public.

NJ.6.2. Civics: All students will know, understand and appreciate the values and principles of American democracy and the rights, responsibilities, and roles of a citizen in the nation and the world.

6.2.A. Civic Life, Politics, and Government

6.2.A.1. Analyze how reserved and jointly held powers in the United States Constitution result in tensions among the three branches of government and how these tensions are resolved (e.g., Marbury v. Madison-1803; Federalist #78; United States v. Nixon-1974, claims of Executive Privilege by Presidents Nixon, Clinton, and Bush).

6.2.A.2. Apply the concept of the rule of law to contemporary issues (e.g., impeachment of President Clinton, use of Executive Privilege, recess appointments to federal courts, the Senate's advise and consent process, and the use of litmus tests).

6.2.A.3. Analyze how individual responsibility and commitment to law are related to the stability of American society.

6.2.A.4. Evaluate competing ideas about the purpose of the national and state governments and how they have changed over time (e.g., the American version of federalism, the powers of the federal government and the states, differing interpretations of Article I, Sections 8-10).

6.2.A.5. Discuss how participation in civic and political life can contribute to the attainment of individual and public good.

6.2.A.6. Evaluate ways that national political parties influence the development of public policies and political platforms, including political action committees, McCain-Feingold Act, platform committees, and political campaigns.

6.2.A.7. Analyze how public opinion is measured and used in public debate (e.g., electronic polling, focus groups, Gallup polls, newspaper and television polls) and how public opinion can be influenced by the government and the media.

6.2.B. American Values and Principles

6.2.B.1. Analyze major historical events and important ideas that led to and sustained the constitutional government of the United States, including the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the Judiciary Act of 1789, the first Cabinet under George Washington, and Amendments 1-15.

6.2.B.2. Propose and justify new local, state, or federal governmental policies on a variety of contemporary issues (e.g., definition of marriage, voting systems and procedures, censorship, religion in public places).

6.2.B.3. Describe historic and contemporary efforts to reduce discrepancies between ideals and reality in American public life, including Amendments 13-15, the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and 1875, the Abolitionist movement, the Civil War, and the end of slavery in the United States.

6.2.B.4. Discuss how a common and shared American civic culture is based on commitment to central ideas in founding-era documents (e.g., United States Constitution) and in core documents of subsequent periods of United States history (e.g., Washington's Farewell Address; Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions-1848; The Gettysburg Address; President Franklin Roosevelt's 'Four Freedoms' speech -1941; President Kennedy's Inaugural Address-1961; the 17th, 19th, and 24th Amendments; Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream' speech and the 'Letter from Birmingham Jail').

6.2.B.5. Analyze the successes of American society and disparities between American ideals and reality in American political, social, and economic life and suggest ways to address them (e.g., rights of minorities, women, physically and mentally challenged individuals, foreign born individuals).

6.2.B.6. Explore the importance and presence of voluntarism and philanthropy in America and examine the role of local, state, national, and international organizations such as the American Red Cross, the Salvation Army, and the Rotary.

6.2.C. The Constitution and American Democracy

6.2.C.1. Debate current issues and controversies involving the central ideas of the American constitutional system, including representative government (e.g., Electoral College and the popular vote), civic virtue (e.g., increasing voter turnout through registrations and campaigns), checks and balances, and limits on governmental power.

6.2.C.2. Analyze, through current and historical examples and Supreme Court cases, the scope of governmental power and how the constitutional distribution of responsibilities seeks to prevent the abuse of that power.

6.2.C.3. Compare the American system of representative government with systems in other democracies such as the parliamentary systems in England and France.

6.2.C.4. Compare and contrast the major constitutional and legal responsibilities of the federal government for domestic and foreign policy and describe how disagreements are resolved.

6.2.C.5. Describe the nature of political parties in America and how they reflect the spectrum of political views on current state and federal policy issues.

6.2.C.6. Explain the federal and state legislative process and analyze the influence of lobbying, advocacy groups, the media, and campaign finance on the development of laws and regulations.

6.2.D. Citizenship

6.2.D.1. Evaluate the characteristics needed for effective participation in civic and political life.

6.2.D.2. Compare and contrast the rights and responsibilities of government and its citizens as delineated in the United States Constitution, the New Jersey Constitution of 1947, and the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

6.2.D.3. Compare and contrast the benefits of American citizenship (e.g., habeas corpus, secret ballots, freedom of movement and expression) with those of citizens of other nations, including democratic and non-democratic countries.

6.2.D.4. Recommend ways that citizens can use knowledge of state or federal government policies and decision-making processes to influence the formation, development, or implementation of current public policy issues (e.g., First Amendment right to petition for redress of grievances).

6.2.D.5. Discuss how citizens can participate in the political process at the local, state, or national level (e.g., registering to vote, voting, attending meetings, contacting a representative, demonstrating, petitions, boycotting) and analyze how these forms of political participation influence public policy.

6.2.E. International Education: Global Challenges, Cultures, and Connections

6.2.E.1. Compare and contrast key past and present United States foreign policy actions (e.g., diplomacy, economic aid, humanitarian aid, military aid) and positions (e.g., treaties, sanctions, interventions) and evaluate their consequences.

6.2.E.2. Analyze and evaluate United States foreign policy actions and positions, including the Monroe Doctrine, the Mexican Cession, the Truman Doctrine, the Cold War, the world-wide struggle against terrorism, and the Iraq War.

6.2.E.3. Describe how the world is organized politically into nation-states and alliances and how these interact with one another through organizations such as the European Union, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the United Nations, the World Court, and the Group of Seven Industrialized Nations (G7).

6.2.E.4. Analyze and evaluate the interconnections of local, regional, and national issues with global challenges and issues, and recommend possible solutions.

6.2.E.5. Discuss how global interconnections can have both positive and negative consequences (e.g., international companies, transfer of jobs to foreign plants, international security and access to transportation).

6.2.E.6. Investigate a global challenge (e.g., hunger, AIDS, nuclear defense, global warming) in depth and over time, predict the impact if the current situation does not change, and offer possible solutions.

6.2.E.7. Participate in events to acquire understanding of complex global problems (e.g., Model United Nations, international simulations, field trips to government sites).

6.2.E.8. Justify an opinion or idea about a global issue while showing respect for divergent viewpoints.

6.2.E.9. Discuss the impact of technology, migration, the economy, politics, and urbanization on culture.

6.2.E.10. Compare and contrast common social and behavioral practices in various cultures (e.g., birth, marriage, death, gender issues, family structure, health issues).

6.2.E.11. Participate in activities that foster understanding and appreciation for diverse cultures (e.g., world language instruction, student exchange, clubs, international forums, community service, speaker programs, arts, sports).

6.2.E.12. Analyze the impact of communication networks, technology, transportation, and international business on global issues.

6.2.E.13. Analyze how the media presents cultural stereotypes and images and discuss how this impacts beliefs and behaviors.

6.2.E.14. Connect the concept of universal human rights to world events and issues.

6.2.E.15. Compare and contrast current and past genocidal acts and other acts of hatred and violence for the purposes of subjugation and exploitation (e.g., Holocaust, Native Americans, Irish famine, Armenia, Ukrainian collectivization, Cambodia, Rwanda) and discuss present and future actions by individuals and governments to prevent the reoccurrence of such events.

NJ.6.3. World History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of world history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and the future.

6.3.A. The Birth of Civilization to 1000 BCE

6.3.A.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.3.B. Early Human Societies to 500 CE

6.3.B.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.3.C. Expanding Zones of Exchange and Interaction to 1400 CE

6.3.C.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.3.D. The Age of Global Encounters (1400-1750)

6.3.D.1. Discuss the major developments in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, including China during the Ming and Qing Dynasty, Japan during the Tokugawa Period, the influence of Islam in shaping the political and social structure in the Middle East, including the Ottoman period, West Africa, including Mali and Songhay, India, including the Mughal Empire, and the impact of European arrival in the Americas.

6.3.D.2. Analyze and compare the ways that slavery and other forms of coerced labor or social bondage were practiced in East Africa, West Africa, Southwest Asia, Europe, and the Americas.

6.3.D.3. Describe the significant social and cultural changes that took place during the Renaissance, including advances in printing press technology, the works of Renaissance writers and elements of Humanism, the revival of Greco-Roman art, architecture, and scholarship, and differing ideas on the role of women.

6.3.D.4. Describe the early influences on the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment.

6.3.D.5. Discuss the contributions of the Scientific Revolution to European society, including important discoveries in mathematics, physics, biology, and chemistry, and the significance of the scientific method advanced by Descartes and Bacon.

6.3.D.6. Discuss the major developments in European society and culture.

6.3.E. The Age of Revolutionary Change (1750-1914)

6.3.E.1. Discuss the causes and consequences of political revolutions in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

6.3.E.2. Discuss how industrialization shaped social class (e.g., child labor, conditions of social class) and the development of labor organizations.

6.3.E.3. Explain the main patterns of global change in colonizing Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and the Americas, including the Indian Ocean and Pan Asian economies prior to the rise of Europe.

6.3.E.4. Trace the growth of independence movements and the rejection of colonialism including the Haitian Revolution and leaders such as Toussaint L'Ouverture, Simon Bolivar in Venezuela, and Jose Manti in Cuba.

6.3.E.5. Evaluate the changes brought about by the Meiji Restoration period in Japan (e.g., modernization, changes in policies on Western influence).

6.3.E.6. Describe how Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism spread during this period, including the areas of influence and reasons for the growth.

6.3.E.7. Discuss events that shaped the social structure of Russia in the 19th and early 20th century.

6.3.F. The Era of the Great Wars (1914-1945)

6.3.F.1. Analyze the causes and aftermath of World War I.

6.3.F.2. Analyze the background and global consequences of actions leading to World War II.

6.3.G. The Modern World (1945-1979)

6.3.G.1. Analyze the transition from wartime alliances to new patterns of global conflict and cooperation, and the reconstruction of Europe and Asia.

6.3.G.2. Apply historical analysis to explain global political, economic, and social changes in the 20th century.

6.3.H. Looking to the Future (1980-present)

6.3.H.1. Analyze global political, economic, and social changes in the 20th century.

6.3.H.2. Assess the growth of a worldwide economy of interdependent regions and the development of a dynamic new world order of increasingly interdependent regions, including NATO, the World Bank, the United Nations, the World Court, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and the European Economic Union, IMF and OPEC.

6.3.H.3. Evaluate the paradoxes and promises of the 21st century.

6.3.H.4. Analyze the development and effects of multinational corporations on trade, employment, and the environment.

NJ.6.4. United States and New Jersey History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of United States and New Jersey history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and future.

6.4.A. Family and Community Life

6.4.A.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.4.B. State and Nation

6.4.B.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.4.C. Many Worlds Meet (to 1620)

6.4.C.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.4.D. Colonization and Settlement (1585-1763)

6.4.D.1. Analyze the major issues of the colonial period, including European hegemony over North America and mercantilism and trade.

6.4.D.2. Analyze how American colonial experiences caused change in the economic institutions of Europe, Africa, and the native population by examining indentured servitude and slavery and the rights of men and women.

6.4.D.3. Analyze the cultural reactions and survival techniques used by enslaved Africans to maintain their family structure, culture, and faith.

6.4.D.4. Analyze the political, religious, social, and economic institutions that emerged in colonial New Jersey.

6.4.D.5. Discuss Spanish exploration, settlement, and missions in the American Southwest.

6.4.E. Revolution and the New Nation (1754-1820)

6.4.E.1. Discuss the social, political, and religious aspects of the American Revolution, including key decisions leading to the Revolution, efforts by Parliament and the colonies to prevent revolution, the ideas of different religious denominations, and the economic and social differences of Loyalists, Patriots, and those who remained neutral.

6.4.E.2. Analyze the social and economic impact of the Revolutionary War, including problems of financing the war (e.g., wartime inflation, hoarding and profiteering), the impact of the war on women and African Americans, and the personal and economic hardships on families involved with the war.

6.4.E.3. Discuss the involvement of European nations during the Revolution and how their involvement influenced the outcome and aftermath (e.g., the assistance of France and Spain, how the self-interests of France and Spain differed from the United States after the war, the contributions of European military leaders, the creation of the Alien Sedition Acts).

6.4.E.4. Analyze strategic elements used during the Revolutionary War, discuss turning points during the war, and explain how the Americans won the war against superior resources.

6.4.E.5. Analyze New Jersey's role in the American Revolution, including New Jersey's Constitution of 1776 as a revolutionary document, why some New Jerseyans became Loyalists, and the Battles of Trenton, Princeton, and Monmouth.

6.4.E.6. Compare and contrast the major philosophical and historical influences on the development of the Constitution (e.g., Washington's Farewell Address (1796), Locke's Second Treatise, the ideas of Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and William Paterson).

6.4.E.7. Describe the early evolution of the system of government and political parties in the United States (e.g., presidential elections of 1792, 1796, 1800).

6.4.E.8. Discuss the implementation of the federal government under the United States Constitution during the presidency of George Washington.

6.4.E.9. Describe the origin and development of the political parties, the Federalists, and the Democratic Republicans (1793-1801).

6.4.F. Expansion and Reform (1801-1861)

6.4.F.1. Discuss the political interests and views of the War of 1812 (e.g., US responses to shipping harassment, role of Native Americans, role of white settlers in the Northwest Territory; congressional positions for and against the war).

6.4.F.2. Analyze American territorial expansion during this period, including the reasons for and consequences of the Louisiana Purchase, the Monroe Doctrine, Manifest Destiny, the Mexican War, the settlement of the frontier, and conflicts with Native-Americans.

6.4.F.3. Analyze the political, economic, and social changes in New Jersey prior to the Civil War, including the growth of New Jersey's cities, New Jersey's 1844 Constitution, the early stages of industrialization, including Alexander Hamilton and the Society for the Establishment of Useful Manufacturing, and the political and economic implications of the transportation monopolies.

6.4.F.4. Compare and contrast the characteristics of cultural, religious, and social reform movements in the antebellum period, including the abolition movement, the public school movement, the temperance movement, and the women's rights movement (e.g., Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments).

6.4.G. Civil War and Reconstruction (1850-1877)

6.4.G.1. Analyze key issues, events, and personalities of the Civil War period, including New Jersey's role in the Abolitionist Movement and the national elections, the development of the Jersey Shore, and the roles of women and children in New Jersey factories.

6.4.G.2. Assess the continuing social and political issues following the Civil War, including the various Reconstruction plans, the amendments to the United States Constitution, and the women's suffrage movement.

6.4.G.3. Describe New Jersey's role in the post-Civil War era, including New Jersey's votes on the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution.

6.4.H. The Industrial Revolution (1870-1900)

6.4.H.1. Analyze and evaluate key events, people, and groups associated with industrialization and its impact on urbanization, immigration, farmers, the labor movement, social reform, and government regulation.

6.4.H.2. Analyze the development of industrialization in America and New Jersey during this period and the resulting transformation of the country, including the construction of the transcontinental railroad, the introduction of mechanized farming, the rise of corporations and organized labor, and the growth of cities.

6.4.H.3. Analyze social and political trends in post Reconstruction America, including immigration restrictions, Jim Crow Laws and racial segregation, the rise of extra legal organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan, and the Plessy v. Ferguson decision.

6.4.H.4. Describe the economic development by which the United States became a major industrial power in the world and analyze the factors that contributed to industrialization.

6.4.H.5. Discuss the causes and consequences of the Spanish-American War (e.g., United States' justifications, the role of the United States in Cuba, impact on international relations, the acquisition of new territories).

6.4.H.6. Discuss elements that contributed to late 19th century expansionist foreign policy, including racial ideology, missionary zeal, nationalism, domestic tensions, and economic interests.

6.4.I. The Emergence of Modern America (1890-1930)

6.4.I.1. Analyze the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904) and explain how it modified the Monroe Doctrine (1823), justifying a new direction in United States foreign policy.

6.4.I.2. Discuss the rise of the Progressive Movement, including the relationship between Progressivism and the Populist Movement, Woodrow Wilson as Governor of New Jersey, anti-trust reform, the woman suffrage movement (e.g., Alice Paul), and municipal reform (e.g., Frank Hague).

6.4.I.3. Analyze United States foreign policy through World War I, including relations with Japan and China, the Spanish, Cuban, American War, and the building of the Panama Canal.

6.4.I.4. Describe the major events, personalities, and decisions of World War I, including the causes of United States involvement, social conditions on the home front, significant battles, Wilson's peace plan, and isolationism.

6.4.I.5. Explore and evaluate the role of New Jersey industry in World War I.

6.4.I.6. Analyze President Woodrow Wilson's 'Fourteen Points' Address to Congress (1918) and explain how it differed from proposals by French and British leaders for a treaty to conclude World War I.

6.4.I.7. Discuss the ratification of the Versailles Treaty and United States non-participation in the League of Nations.

6.4.I.8. Compare and contrast the social, cultural, and technological changes in the inter-war period, including the changing role of women, the rise of a consumer economy, the resurgence of nativism and racial violence, the Harlem Renaissance, and the Great Migration of African Americans to New Jersey from the south.

6.4.I.9. Discuss the working conditions in the Paterson silk mills and the strike of 1913.

6.4.I.10. Discuss the creation of social, labor, political, and economic advocacy organizations and institutions, including the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the AFL/CIO and other labor organizations, and the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).

6.4.I.11. Discuss the role of Chief Sitting Bull, the outcome and impact of the Wounded Knee Tragedy of 1890, and the suppression of the American Indian revivalist movement known as Ghost Dance.

6.4.J. The Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945)

6.4.J.1. Explain the economic impact of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930).

6.4.J.2. Describe how the Great Depression and the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt transformed America, including the growth of the federal government, the rise of the Welfare State, and industrial unionism.

6.4.J.3. Analyze how the Great Depression and the New Deal transformed New Jersey, including Work Progress Administration (WPA) projects in New Jersey, the Jersey Homesteads, and New Deal projects.

6.4.J.4. Discuss how the Depression contributed to the development of Social Security, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).

6.4.J.5. Compare and contrast key events and people involved with the causes, course, and consequences of World War II.

6.4.J.6. Describe the political background leading to American involvement in World War II, the course of the war in Europe and Asia, the mobilization of women and African Americans into the military and related industries, the segregated military, the use of the Atom Bomb, and the founding of the United Nations.

6.4.J.7. Describe New Jersey's role in World War II.

6.4.K. Postwar Years (1945-1970s)

6.4.K.1. Discuss how American policies following World War II developed as a result of the failures experienced and lessons learned after World War I.

6.4.K.2. Explain changes in the post war society of the United States and New Jersey, including the impact of television, the interstate highway system, the growth of the suburbs, and the democratization of education.

6.4.K.3. Interpret political trends in post-war New Jersey, including the New Jersey State Constitution of 1947, the impact of legal cases such as Hedgepeth and Williams v. Trenton Board of Education on the banning of segregation in the schools under the new State Constitution, the development and impact of New Jersey's Law Against Discrimination (P.L. 1945, c.169), and the shift of political power from rural and urban areas to the suburbs.

6.4.K.4. Analyze United States foreign policy during the Cold War period, including US/USSR relations, United States reaction to the Soviet subjugation of Eastern Europe, the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the Korean and Vietnam Wars, and relations with China.

6.4.K.5. Analyze political trends in post war America, including major United States Supreme Court decisions and the administrations of Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson.

6.4.K.6. Analyze the Civil Rights and Women's Movements, including the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the Civil Rights Act (1957 and 1964), the Little Rock Schools Crisis, the Voting Rights Act, Brown v. Board of Education, the formation of the National Council of La Raza (NCLR), the American Indian Movement (AIM), the formation of the National Organization for Women (NOW), and the passing of Title IX.

6.4.K.7. Describe how changes in federal policy impacted immigration to New Jersey and America, including the shift in places of origin from Western Europe to Latin America, the Caribbean, and Asia.

6.4.L. Contemporary America (1968-present)

6.4.L.1. Examine the administration of American presidents, beginning with President Richard M. Nixon, as a means to analyze political and economic issues in contemporary America, including domestic policy and international affairs.

6.4.L.2. Investigate the economic and social patterns in contemporary New Jersey, including shifts in immigration patterns, urban decline and renewal, important New Jersey Supreme Court rulings (e.g., Mount Laurel decision), and the issue of preserving open space.

6.4.L.3. Describe the growth of the technology and pharmaceutical industries in New Jersey.

6.4.L.4. Analyze United States domestic policies, including the civil rights movement, affirmative action, the labor and women's movements, conservatism vs. liberalism, the post-industrial economy, free trade, and international trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

6.4.L.5. Compare and contrast key events and people associated with foreign policy, including the fall of communism and the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, United States involvement in Haiti, Somalia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Kosovo, the Iran Hostage Crisis, and the war on terrorism.

6.4.L.6. Compare and contrast population trends and immigration and migration patterns in the United States (e.g., growth of Hispanic population, demographic and residential mobility).

6.4.L.7. Discuss major contemporary social issues, such as the evolution of governmental rights for individuals with disabilities, multiculturalism, bilingual education, gay rights, free expression in the media, and the modern feminist movement.

NJ.6.5. Economics: All students will acquire an understanding of key economic principles.

6.5.A. Economic Literacy

6.5.A.1. Describe different types of local, state, and federal taxes such as sales, income, and social security, discuss how deductions, exemptions, and credits reduce taxable income, and explain the difference between a progressive and regressive tax.

6.5.A.2. Describe the purposes of social security and Medicare.

6.5.A.3. Explain and interpret basic economic indicators, including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Consumer Price Index (CPI) the rate of economic growth, the poverty rate, the deficit and national debt, and the trade deficit.

6.5.A.4. Identify entrepreneurs in the community and describe the risks and rewards of starting a new business.

6.5.A.5. Discuss how a market economy experiences periodic business cycles of prosperity and recession and that the federal government can adjust taxes, interest rates, spending, and other policies to help restore economic health.

6.5.A.6. Analyze federal and state budgets, and discuss the proportional share of government spending to major elements such as education, social programs, public safety, military, foreign aid, and welfare.

6.5.A.7. Analyze the impact of supply and demand on market adjustments and prices (e.g., real estate and interest rates).

6.5.A.8. Define basic terms associated with international trade such as imports, exports, quotas, embargoes, tariffs, and free trade.

6.5.A.9. Compare and contrast forms of insurance that protect individuals from loss or damage (e.g., life, property, health, disability, personal liability, bank deposits).

6.5.A.10. Explain how changes in exchange rates impact the purchasing power of people in the United States and other countries.

6.5.B. Economics and Society

6.5.B.1. Compare and contrast the roles of the United States government and the private sector in the United States economy (e.g., Federal Reserve System, United States Mint, Stock Exchange).

6.5.B.2. Evaluate international trade principles and policies.

6.5.B.3. Analyze labor and environmental issues affecting American citizens raised by economic globalization and free trade pacts.

6.5.B.4. Discuss the value and role of free and fair competition versus the social need for cooperation and how business, industry, and government try to reconcile these goals.

6.5.B.5. Analyze the importance of economic issues to politics and be able to distinguish the economic views of different political parties.

6.5.B.6. Analyze the connections and potential effects of the widening gap between the rich and the poor in the United States, the decline in labor union membership since 1950, rapidly advancing technology, globalization, and problems of public schools.

6.5.B.7. Compare and contrast the causes and consequences of discrimination in markets, employment, housing, business, and financial transactions.

6.5.B.8. Evaluate the activities and impact in various countries of major international institutions including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization.

6.5.B.9. Describe how clearly defined and enforced property rights (e.g., copyright laws, patents) are essential to a market economy.

NJ.6.6. Geography: All students will apply knowledge of spatial relationships and other geographic skills to understand human behavior in relation to the physical and cultural environment.

6.6.A. The World in Spatial Terms

6.6.A.1. Discuss the application of geographic tools and supporting technologies, such as GIS, GPS, the Internet, and CD databases.

6.6.A.2. Use maps of physical and human characteristics of the world to answer complex geographical questions.

6.6.A.3. Analyze, explain, and solve geographical problems using maps, supporting technologies, and other graphical representations.

6.6.A.4. Use geographic tools and technologies to pose and answer questions about spatial distributions and patterns on Earth.

6.6.A.5. Apply spatial thinking to understand the interrelationship of history, geography economics, and the environment, including domestic and international migrations, changing environmental preferences and settlement patterns, and frictions between population groups.

6.6.B. Places and Regions

6.6.B.1. Analyze and compare the functions and spatial arrangements of cities both locally and globally.

6.6.B.2. Evaluate how human interaction with the physical environment shapes the features of places and regions.

6.6.B.3. Analyze why places and regions are important factors to individual and social identity.

6.6.C. Physical Systems

6.6.C.1. Assess relationships between soil, climate, plant, and animal life and how this impacts the distribution of ecosystems.

6.6.C.2. Analyze the effects of both physical and human changes in ecosystems, such as acid rain, ozone layer, carbon-dioxide levels, and clean water issues.

6.6.D. Human Systems

6.6.D.1. Analyze the impact of human migration on physical and human systems.

6.6.D.2. Explain the spatial-technological processes of cultural convergence (cultural adaptations over distances) and divergence (separating effects of cultural diffusion over distances).

6.6.D.3. Analyze the historic movement patterns of people and their goods and their relationship to economic activity.

6.6.D.4. Analyze the processes that change urban areas.

6.6.D.5. Analyze how cooperation and conflict influence the control of economic, political, and social entities on Earth.

6.6.E. Environment and Society

6.6.E.1. Discuss the global impacts of human modification of the physical environment (e.g., the built environment).

6.6.E.2. Discuss the importance of maintaining biodiversity.

6.6.E.3. Analyze examples of changes in the physical environment that have altered the capacity of the environment to support human activity, including pollution, salinization, deforestation, species extinction, population growth, and natural disasters.

6.6.E.4. Compare and contrast the historical movement patterns of people and goods in the world, United States, and New Jersey and analyze the basis for increasing global interdependence.

6.6.E.5. Evaluate policies and programs related to the use of local, national and global resources.

6.6.E.6. Analyze the human need for respect for and informed management of all resources (sustainability), including human populations, energy, air, land, and water to insure that the earth will support future generations.

6.6.E.7. Describe how and why historical and cultural knowledge can help to improve present and future environmental maintenance.

6.6.E.8. Delineate and evaluate the environmental impact of technological change in human history (e.g., printing press, electricity and electronics, automobiles, computer, and medical technology).

NJ.6.1. Social Studies Skills: All students will utilize historical thinking, problem solving, and research skills to maximize their understanding of civics, history, geography, and economics.

6.1.A. Social Studies Skills

6.1.A.1. Analyze how historical events shape the modern world.

6.1.A.2. Formulate questions and hypotheses from multiple perspectives, using multiple sources.

6.1.A.3. Gather, analyze, and reconcile information from primary and secondary sources to support or reject hypotheses.

6.1.A.4. Examine source data within the historical, social, political, geographic, or economic context in which it was created, testing credibility and evaluating bias.

6.1.A.5. Evaluate current issues, events, or themes and trace their evolution through historical periods.

6.1.A.6. Apply problem-solving skills to national, state, or local issues and propose reasoned solutions.

6.1.A.7. Analyze social, political, and cultural change and evaluate the impact of each on local, state, national, and international issues and events.

6.1.A.8. Evaluate historical and contemporary communications to identify factual accuracy, soundness of evidence, and absence of bias and discuss strategies used by the government, political candidates, and the media to communicate with the public.

NJ.6.2. Civics: All students will know, understand and appreciate the values and principles of American democracy and the rights, responsibilities, and roles of a citizen in the nation and the world.

6.2.A. Civic Life, Politics, and Government

6.2.A.1. Analyze how reserved and jointly held powers in the United States Constitution result in tensions among the three branches of government and how these tensions are resolved (e.g., Marbury v. Madison-1803; Federalist #78; United States v. Nixon-1974, claims of Executive Privilege by Presidents Nixon, Clinton, and Bush).

6.2.A.2. Apply the concept of the rule of law to contemporary issues (e.g., impeachment of President Clinton, use of Executive Privilege, recess appointments to federal courts, the Senate's advise and consent process, and the use of litmus tests).

6.2.A.3. Analyze how individual responsibility and commitment to law are related to the stability of American society.

6.2.A.4. Evaluate competing ideas about the purpose of the national and state governments and how they have changed over time (e.g., the American version of federalism, the powers of the federal government and the states, differing interpretations of Article I, Sections 8-10).

6.2.A.5. Discuss how participation in civic and political life can contribute to the attainment of individual and public good.

6.2.A.6. Evaluate ways that national political parties influence the development of public policies and political platforms, including political action committees, McCain-Feingold Act, platform committees, and political campaigns.

6.2.A.7. Analyze how public opinion is measured and used in public debate (e.g., electronic polling, focus groups, Gallup polls, newspaper and television polls) and how public opinion can be influenced by the government and the media.

6.2.B. American Values and Principles

6.2.B.1. Analyze major historical events and important ideas that led to and sustained the constitutional government of the United States, including the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the Judiciary Act of 1789, the first Cabinet under George Washington, and Amendments 1-15.

6.2.B.2. Propose and justify new local, state, or federal governmental policies on a variety of contemporary issues (e.g., definition of marriage, voting systems and procedures, censorship, religion in public places).

6.2.B.3. Describe historic and contemporary efforts to reduce discrepancies between ideals and reality in American public life, including Amendments 13-15, the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and 1875, the Abolitionist movement, the Civil War, and the end of slavery in the United States.

6.2.B.4. Discuss how a common and shared American civic culture is based on commitment to central ideas in founding-era documents (e.g., United States Constitution) and in core documents of subsequent periods of United States history (e.g., Washington's Farewell Address; Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions-1848; The Gettysburg Address; President Franklin Roosevelt's 'Four Freedoms' speech -1941; President Kennedy's Inaugural Address-1961; the 17th, 19th, and 24th Amendments; Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream' speech and the 'Letter from Birmingham Jail').

6.2.B.5. Analyze the successes of American society and disparities between American ideals and reality in American political, social, and economic life and suggest ways to address them (e.g., rights of minorities, women, physically and mentally challenged individuals, foreign born individuals).

6.2.B.6. Explore the importance and presence of voluntarism and philanthropy in America and examine the role of local, state, national, and international organizations such as the American Red Cross, the Salvation Army, and the Rotary.

6.2.C. The Constitution and American Democracy

6.2.C.1. Debate current issues and controversies involving the central ideas of the American constitutional system, including representative government (e.g., Electoral College and the popular vote), civic virtue (e.g., increasing voter turnout through registrations and campaigns), checks and balances, and limits on governmental power.

6.2.C.2. Analyze, through current and historical examples and Supreme Court cases, the scope of governmental power and how the constitutional distribution of responsibilities seeks to prevent the abuse of that power.

6.2.C.3. Compare the American system of representative government with systems in other democracies such as the parliamentary systems in England and France.

6.2.C.4. Compare and contrast the major constitutional and legal responsibilities of the federal government for domestic and foreign policy and describe how disagreements are resolved.

6.2.C.5. Describe the nature of political parties in America and how they reflect the spectrum of political views on current state and federal policy issues.

6.2.C.6. Explain the federal and state legislative process and analyze the influence of lobbying, advocacy groups, the media, and campaign finance on the development of laws and regulations.

6.2.D. Citizenship

6.2.D.1. Evaluate the characteristics needed for effective participation in civic and political life.

6.2.D.2. Compare and contrast the rights and responsibilities of government and its citizens as delineated in the United States Constitution, the New Jersey Constitution of 1947, and the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

6.2.D.3. Compare and contrast the benefits of American citizenship (e.g., habeas corpus, secret ballots, freedom of movement and expression) with those of citizens of other nations, including democratic and non-democratic countries.

6.2.D.4. Recommend ways that citizens can use knowledge of state or federal government policies and decision-making processes to influence the formation, development, or implementation of current public policy issues (e.g., First Amendment right to petition for redress of grievances).

6.2.D.5. Discuss how citizens can participate in the political process at the local, state, or national level (e.g., registering to vote, voting, attending meetings, contacting a representative, demonstrating, petitions, boycotting) and analyze how these forms of political participation influence public policy.

6.2.E. International Education: Global Challenges, Cultures, and Connections

6.2.E.1. Compare and contrast key past and present United States foreign policy actions (e.g., diplomacy, economic aid, humanitarian aid, military aid) and positions (e.g., treaties, sanctions, interventions) and evaluate their consequences.

6.2.E.2. Analyze and evaluate United States foreign policy actions and positions, including the Monroe Doctrine, the Mexican Cession, the Truman Doctrine, the Cold War, the world-wide struggle against terrorism, and the Iraq War.

6.2.E.3. Describe how the world is organized politically into nation-states and alliances and how these interact with one another through organizations such as the European Union, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the United Nations, the World Court, and the Group of Seven Industrialized Nations (G7).

6.2.E.4. Analyze and evaluate the interconnections of local, regional, and national issues with global challenges and issues, and recommend possible solutions.

6.2.E.5. Discuss how global interconnections can have both positive and negative consequences (e.g., international companies, transfer of jobs to foreign plants, international security and access to transportation).

6.2.E.6. Investigate a global challenge (e.g., hunger, AIDS, nuclear defense, global warming) in depth and over time, predict the impact if the current situation does not change, and offer possible solutions.

6.2.E.7. Participate in events to acquire understanding of complex global problems (e.g., Model United Nations, international simulations, field trips to government sites).

6.2.E.8. Justify an opinion or idea about a global issue while showing respect for divergent viewpoints.

6.2.E.9. Discuss the impact of technology, migration, the economy, politics, and urbanization on culture.

6.2.E.10. Compare and contrast common social and behavioral practices in various cultures (e.g., birth, marriage, death, gender issues, family structure, health issues).

6.2.E.11. Participate in activities that foster understanding and appreciation for diverse cultures (e.g., world language instruction, student exchange, clubs, international forums, community service, speaker programs, arts, sports).

6.2.E.12. Analyze the impact of communication networks, technology, transportation, and international business on global issues.

6.2.E.13. Analyze how the media presents cultural stereotypes and images and discuss how this impacts beliefs and behaviors.

6.2.E.14. Connect the concept of universal human rights to world events and issues.

6.2.E.15. Compare and contrast current and past genocidal acts and other acts of hatred and violence for the purposes of subjugation and exploitation (e.g., Holocaust, Native Americans, Irish famine, Armenia, Ukrainian collectivization, Cambodia, Rwanda) and discuss present and future actions by individuals and governments to prevent the reoccurrence of such events.

NJ.6.3. World History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of world history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and the future.

6.3.A. The Birth of Civilization to 1000 BCE

6.3.A.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.3.B. Early Human Societies to 500 CE

6.3.B.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.3.C. Expanding Zones of Exchange and Interaction to 1400 CE

6.3.C.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.3.D. The Age of Global Encounters (1400-1750)

6.3.D.1. Discuss the major developments in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, including China during the Ming and Qing Dynasty, Japan during the Tokugawa Period, the influence of Islam in shaping the political and social structure in the Middle East, including the Ottoman period, West Africa, including Mali and Songhay, India, including the Mughal Empire, and the impact of European arrival in the Americas.

6.3.D.2. Analyze and compare the ways that slavery and other forms of coerced labor or social bondage were practiced in East Africa, West Africa, Southwest Asia, Europe, and the Americas.

6.3.D.3. Describe the significant social and cultural changes that took place during the Renaissance, including advances in printing press technology, the works of Renaissance writers and elements of Humanism, the revival of Greco-Roman art, architecture, and scholarship, and differing ideas on the role of women.

6.3.D.4. Describe the early influences on the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment.

6.3.D.5. Discuss the contributions of the Scientific Revolution to European society, including important discoveries in mathematics, physics, biology, and chemistry, and the significance of the scientific method advanced by Descartes and Bacon.

6.3.D.6. Discuss the major developments in European society and culture.

6.3.E. The Age of Revolutionary Change (1750-1914)

6.3.E.1. Discuss the causes and consequences of political revolutions in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

6.3.E.2. Discuss how industrialization shaped social class (e.g., child labor, conditions of social class) and the development of labor organizations.

6.3.E.3. Explain the main patterns of global change in colonizing Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and the Americas, including the Indian Ocean and Pan Asian economies prior to the rise of Europe.

6.3.E.4. Trace the growth of independence movements and the rejection of colonialism including the Haitian Revolution and leaders such as Toussaint L'Ouverture, Simon Bolivar in Venezuela, and Jose Manti in Cuba.

6.3.E.5. Evaluate the changes brought about by the Meiji Restoration period in Japan (e.g., modernization, changes in policies on Western influence).

6.3.E.6. Describe how Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism spread during this period, including the areas of influence and reasons for the growth.

6.3.E.7. Discuss events that shaped the social structure of Russia in the 19th and early 20th century.

6.3.F. The Era of the Great Wars (1914-1945)

6.3.F.1. Analyze the causes and aftermath of World War I.

6.3.F.2. Analyze the background and global consequences of actions leading to World War II.

6.3.G. The Modern World (1945-1979)

6.3.G.1. Analyze the transition from wartime alliances to new patterns of global conflict and cooperation, and the reconstruction of Europe and Asia.

6.3.G.2. Apply historical analysis to explain global political, economic, and social changes in the 20th century.

6.3.H. Looking to the Future (1980-present)

6.3.H.1. Analyze global political, economic, and social changes in the 20th century.

6.3.H.2. Assess the growth of a worldwide economy of interdependent regions and the development of a dynamic new world order of increasingly interdependent regions, including NATO, the World Bank, the United Nations, the World Court, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and the European Economic Union, IMF and OPEC.

6.3.H.3. Evaluate the paradoxes and promises of the 21st century.

6.3.H.4. Analyze the development and effects of multinational corporations on trade, employment, and the environment.

NJ.6.4. United States and New Jersey History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of United States and New Jersey history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and future.

6.4.A. Family and Community Life

6.4.A.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.4.B. State and Nation

6.4.B.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.4.C. Many Worlds Meet (to 1620)

6.4.C.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.4.D. Colonization and Settlement (1585-1763)

6.4.D.1. Analyze the major issues of the colonial period, including European hegemony over North America and mercantilism and trade.

6.4.D.2. Analyze how American colonial experiences caused change in the economic institutions of Europe, Africa, and the native population by examining indentured servitude and slavery and the rights of men and women.

6.4.D.3. Analyze the cultural reactions and survival techniques used by enslaved Africans to maintain their family structure, culture, and faith.

6.4.D.4. Analyze the political, religious, social, and economic institutions that emerged in colonial New Jersey.

6.4.D.5. Discuss Spanish exploration, settlement, and missions in the American Southwest.

6.4.E. Revolution and the New Nation (1754-1820)

6.4.E.1. Discuss the social, political, and religious aspects of the American Revolution, including key decisions leading to the Revolution, efforts by Parliament and the colonies to prevent revolution, the ideas of different religious denominations, and the economic and social differences of Loyalists, Patriots, and those who remained neutral.

6.4.E.2. Analyze the social and economic impact of the Revolutionary War, including problems of financing the war (e.g., wartime inflation, hoarding and profiteering), the impact of the war on women and African Americans, and the personal and economic hardships on families involved with the war.

6.4.E.3. Discuss the involvement of European nations during the Revolution and how their involvement influenced the outcome and aftermath (e.g., the assistance of France and Spain, how the self-interests of France and Spain differed from the United States after the war, the contributions of European military leaders, the creation of the Alien Sedition Acts).

6.4.E.4. Analyze strategic elements used during the Revolutionary War, discuss turning points during the war, and explain how the Americans won the war against superior resources.

6.4.E.5. Analyze New Jersey's role in the American Revolution, including New Jersey's Constitution of 1776 as a revolutionary document, why some New Jerseyans became Loyalists, and the Battles of Trenton, Princeton, and Monmouth.

6.4.E.6. Compare and contrast the major philosophical and historical influences on the development of the Constitution (e.g., Washington's Farewell Address (1796), Locke's Second Treatise, the ideas of Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and William Paterson).

6.4.E.7. Describe the early evolution of the system of government and political parties in the United States (e.g., presidential elections of 1792, 1796, 1800).

6.4.E.8. Discuss the implementation of the federal government under the United States Constitution during the presidency of George Washington.

6.4.E.9. Describe the origin and development of the political parties, the Federalists, and the Democratic Republicans (1793-1801).

6.4.F. Expansion and Reform (1801-1861)

6.4.F.1. Discuss the political interests and views of the War of 1812 (e.g., US responses to shipping harassment, role of Native Americans, role of white settlers in the Northwest Territory; congressional positions for and against the war).

6.4.F.2. Analyze American territorial expansion during this period, including the reasons for and consequences of the Louisiana Purchase, the Monroe Doctrine, Manifest Destiny, the Mexican War, the settlement of the frontier, and conflicts with Native-Americans.

6.4.F.3. Analyze the political, economic, and social changes in New Jersey prior to the Civil War, including the growth of New Jersey's cities, New Jersey's 1844 Constitution, the early stages of industrialization, including Alexander Hamilton and the Society for the Establishment of Useful Manufacturing, and the political and economic implications of the transportation monopolies.

6.4.F.4. Compare and contrast the characteristics of cultural, religious, and social reform movements in the antebellum period, including the abolition movement, the public school movement, the temperance movement, and the women's rights movement (e.g., Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments).

6.4.G. Civil War and Reconstruction (1850-1877)

6.4.G.1. Analyze key issues, events, and personalities of the Civil War period, including New Jersey's role in the Abolitionist Movement and the national elections, the development of the Jersey Shore, and the roles of women and children in New Jersey factories.

6.4.G.2. Assess the continuing social and political issues following the Civil War, including the various Reconstruction plans, the amendments to the United States Constitution, and the women's suffrage movement.

6.4.G.3. Describe New Jersey's role in the post-Civil War era, including New Jersey's votes on the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution.

6.4.H. The Industrial Revolution (1870-1900)

6.4.H.1. Analyze and evaluate key events, people, and groups associated with industrialization and its impact on urbanization, immigration, farmers, the labor movement, social reform, and government regulation.

6.4.H.2. Analyze the development of industrialization in America and New Jersey during this period and the resulting transformation of the country, including the construction of the transcontinental railroad, the introduction of mechanized farming, the rise of corporations and organized labor, and the growth of cities.

6.4.H.3. Analyze social and political trends in post Reconstruction America, including immigration restrictions, Jim Crow Laws and racial segregation, the rise of extra legal organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan, and the Plessy v. Ferguson decision.

6.4.H.4. Describe the economic development by which the United States became a major industrial power in the world and analyze the factors that contributed to industrialization.

6.4.H.5. Discuss the causes and consequences of the Spanish-American War (e.g., United States' justifications, the role of the United States in Cuba, impact on international relations, the acquisition of new territories).

6.4.H.6. Discuss elements that contributed to late 19th century expansionist foreign policy, including racial ideology, missionary zeal, nationalism, domestic tensions, and economic interests.

6.4.I. The Emergence of Modern America (1890-1930)

6.4.I.1. Analyze the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904) and explain how it modified the Monroe Doctrine (1823), justifying a new direction in United States foreign policy.

6.4.I.2. Discuss the rise of the Progressive Movement, including the relationship between Progressivism and the Populist Movement, Woodrow Wilson as Governor of New Jersey, anti-trust reform, the woman suffrage movement (e.g., Alice Paul), and municipal reform (e.g., Frank Hague).

6.4.I.3. Analyze United States foreign policy through World War I, including relations with Japan and China, the Spanish, Cuban, American War, and the building of the Panama Canal.

6.4.I.4. Describe the major events, personalities, and decisions of World War I, including the causes of United States involvement, social conditions on the home front, significant battles, Wilson's peace plan, and isolationism.

6.4.I.5. Explore and evaluate the role of New Jersey industry in World War I.

6.4.I.6. Analyze President Woodrow Wilson's 'Fourteen Points' Address to Congress (1918) and explain how it differed from proposals by French and British leaders for a treaty to conclude World War I.

6.4.I.7. Discuss the ratification of the Versailles Treaty and United States non-participation in the League of Nations.

6.4.I.8. Compare and contrast the social, cultural, and technological changes in the inter-war period, including the changing role of women, the rise of a consumer economy, the resurgence of nativism and racial violence, the Harlem Renaissance, and the Great Migration of African Americans to New Jersey from the south.

6.4.I.9. Discuss the working conditions in the Paterson silk mills and the strike of 1913.

6.4.I.10. Discuss the creation of social, labor, political, and economic advocacy organizations and institutions, including the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the AFL/CIO and other labor organizations, and the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).

6.4.I.11. Discuss the role of Chief Sitting Bull, the outcome and impact of the Wounded Knee Tragedy of 1890, and the suppression of the American Indian revivalist movement known as Ghost Dance.

6.4.J. The Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945)

6.4.J.1. Explain the economic impact of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930).

6.4.J.2. Describe how the Great Depression and the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt transformed America, including the growth of the federal government, the rise of the Welfare State, and industrial unionism.

6.4.J.3. Analyze how the Great Depression and the New Deal transformed New Jersey, including Work Progress Administration (WPA) projects in New Jersey, the Jersey Homesteads, and New Deal projects.

6.4.J.4. Discuss how the Depression contributed to the development of Social Security, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).

6.4.J.5. Compare and contrast key events and people involved with the causes, course, and consequences of World War II.

6.4.J.6. Describe the political background leading to American involvement in World War II, the course of the war in Europe and Asia, the mobilization of women and African Americans into the military and related industries, the segregated military, the use of the Atom Bomb, and the founding of the United Nations.

6.4.J.7. Describe New Jersey's role in World War II.

6.4.K. Postwar Years (1945-1970s)

6.4.K.1. Discuss how American policies following World War II developed as a result of the failures experienced and lessons learned after World War I.

6.4.K.2. Explain changes in the post war society of the United States and New Jersey, including the impact of television, the interstate highway system, the growth of the suburbs, and the democratization of education.

6.4.K.3. Interpret political trends in post-war New Jersey, including the New Jersey State Constitution of 1947, the impact of legal cases such as Hedgepeth and Williams v. Trenton Board of Education on the banning of segregation in the schools under the new State Constitution, the development and impact of New Jersey's Law Against Discrimination (P.L. 1945, c.169), and the shift of political power from rural and urban areas to the suburbs.

6.4.K.4. Analyze United States foreign policy during the Cold War period, including US/USSR relations, United States reaction to the Soviet subjugation of Eastern Europe, the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the Korean and Vietnam Wars, and relations with China.

6.4.K.5. Analyze political trends in post war America, including major United States Supreme Court decisions and the administrations of Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson.

6.4.K.6. Analyze the Civil Rights and Women's Movements, including the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the Civil Rights Act (1957 and 1964), the Little Rock Schools Crisis, the Voting Rights Act, Brown v. Board of Education, the formation of the National Council of La Raza (NCLR), the American Indian Movement (AIM), the formation of the National Organization for Women (NOW), and the passing of Title IX.

6.4.K.7. Describe how changes in federal policy impacted immigration to New Jersey and America, including the shift in places of origin from Western Europe to Latin America, the Caribbean, and Asia.

6.4.L. Contemporary America (1968-present)

6.4.L.1. Examine the administration of American presidents, beginning with President Richard M. Nixon, as a means to analyze political and economic issues in contemporary America, including domestic policy and international affairs.

6.4.L.2. Investigate the economic and social patterns in contemporary New Jersey, including shifts in immigration patterns, urban decline and renewal, important New Jersey Supreme Court rulings (e.g., Mount Laurel decision), and the issue of preserving open space.

6.4.L.3. Describe the growth of the technology and pharmaceutical industries in New Jersey.

6.4.L.4. Analyze United States domestic policies, including the civil rights movement, affirmative action, the labor and women's movements, conservatism vs. liberalism, the post-industrial economy, free trade, and international trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

6.4.L.5. Compare and contrast key events and people associated with foreign policy, including the fall of communism and the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, United States involvement in Haiti, Somalia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Kosovo, the Iran Hostage Crisis, and the war on terrorism.

6.4.L.6. Compare and contrast population trends and immigration and migration patterns in the United States (e.g., growth of Hispanic population, demographic and residential mobility).

6.4.L.7. Discuss major contemporary social issues, such as the evolution of governmental rights for individuals with disabilities, multiculturalism, bilingual education, gay rights, free expression in the media, and the modern feminist movement.

NJ.6.5. Economics: All students will acquire an understanding of key economic principles.

6.5.A. Economic Literacy

6.5.A.1. Describe different types of local, state, and federal taxes such as sales, income, and social security, discuss how deductions, exemptions, and credits reduce taxable income, and explain the difference between a progressive and regressive tax.

6.5.A.2. Describe the purposes of social security and Medicare.

6.5.A.3. Explain and interpret basic economic indicators, including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Consumer Price Index (CPI) the rate of economic growth, the poverty rate, the deficit and national debt, and the trade deficit.

6.5.A.4. Identify entrepreneurs in the community and describe the risks and rewards of starting a new business.

6.5.A.5. Discuss how a market economy experiences periodic business cycles of prosperity and recession and that the federal government can adjust taxes, interest rates, spending, and other policies to help restore economic health.

6.5.A.6. Analyze federal and state budgets, and discuss the proportional share of government spending to major elements such as education, social programs, public safety, military, foreign aid, and welfare.

6.5.A.7. Analyze the impact of supply and demand on market adjustments and prices (e.g., real estate and interest rates).

6.5.A.8. Define basic terms associated with international trade such as imports, exports, quotas, embargoes, tariffs, and free trade.

6.5.A.9. Compare and contrast forms of insurance that protect individuals from loss or damage (e.g., life, property, health, disability, personal liability, bank deposits).

6.5.A.10. Explain how changes in exchange rates impact the purchasing power of people in the United States and other countries.

6.5.B. Economics and Society

6.5.B.1. Compare and contrast the roles of the United States government and the private sector in the United States economy (e.g., Federal Reserve System, United States Mint, Stock Exchange).

6.5.B.2. Evaluate international trade principles and policies.

6.5.B.3. Analyze labor and environmental issues affecting American citizens raised by economic globalization and free trade pacts.

6.5.B.4. Discuss the value and role of free and fair competition versus the social need for cooperation and how business, industry, and government try to reconcile these goals.

6.5.B.5. Analyze the importance of economic issues to politics and be able to distinguish the economic views of different political parties.

6.5.B.6. Analyze the connections and potential effects of the widening gap between the rich and the poor in the United States, the decline in labor union membership since 1950, rapidly advancing technology, globalization, and problems of public schools.

6.5.B.7. Compare and contrast the causes and consequences of discrimination in markets, employment, housing, business, and financial transactions.

6.5.B.8. Evaluate the activities and impact in various countries of major international institutions including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization.

6.5.B.9. Describe how clearly defined and enforced property rights (e.g., copyright laws, patents) are essential to a market economy.

NJ.6.6. Geography: All students will apply knowledge of spatial relationships and other geographic skills to understand human behavior in relation to the physical and cultural environment.

6.6.A. The World in Spatial Terms

6.6.A.1. Discuss the application of geographic tools and supporting technologies, such as GIS, GPS, the Internet, and CD databases.

6.6.A.2. Use maps of physical and human characteristics of the world to answer complex geographical questions.

6.6.A.3. Analyze, explain, and solve geographical problems using maps, supporting technologies, and other graphical representations.

6.6.A.4. Use geographic tools and technologies to pose and answer questions about spatial distributions and patterns on Earth.

6.6.A.5. Apply spatial thinking to understand the interrelationship of history, geography economics, and the environment, including domestic and international migrations, changing environmental preferences and settlement patterns, and frictions between population groups.

6.6.B. Places and Regions

6.6.B.1. Analyze and compare the functions and spatial arrangements of cities both locally and globally.

6.6.B.2. Evaluate how human interaction with the physical environment shapes the features of places and regions.

6.6.B.3. Analyze why places and regions are important factors to individual and social identity.

6.6.C. Physical Systems

6.6.C.1. Assess relationships between soil, climate, plant, and animal life and how this impacts the distribution of ecosystems.

6.6.C.2. Analyze the effects of both physical and human changes in ecosystems, such as acid rain, ozone layer, carbon-dioxide levels, and clean water issues.

6.6.D. Human Systems

6.6.D.1. Analyze the impact of human migration on physical and human systems.

6.6.D.2. Explain the spatial-technological processes of cultural convergence (cultural adaptations over distances) and divergence (separating effects of cultural diffusion over distances).

6.6.D.3. Analyze the historic movement patterns of people and their goods and their relationship to economic activity.

6.6.D.4. Analyze the processes that change urban areas.

6.6.D.5. Analyze how cooperation and conflict influence the control of economic, political, and social entities on Earth.

6.6.E. Environment and Society

6.6.E.1. Discuss the global impacts of human modification of the physical environment (e.g., the built environment).

6.6.E.2. Discuss the importance of maintaining biodiversity.

6.6.E.3. Analyze examples of changes in the physical environment that have altered the capacity of the environment to support human activity, including pollution, salinization, deforestation, species extinction, population growth, and natural disasters.

6.6.E.4. Compare and contrast the historical movement patterns of people and goods in the world, United States, and New Jersey and analyze the basis for increasing global interdependence.

6.6.E.5. Evaluate policies and programs related to the use of local, national and global resources.

6.6.E.6. Analyze the human need for respect for and informed management of all resources (sustainability), including human populations, energy, air, land, and water to insure that the earth will support future generations.

6.6.E.7. Describe how and why historical and cultural knowledge can help to improve present and future environmental maintenance.

6.6.E.8. Delineate and evaluate the environmental impact of technological change in human history (e.g., printing press, electricity and electronics, automobiles, computer, and medical technology).

NJ.6.1. Social Studies Skills: All students will utilize historical thinking, problem solving, and research skills to maximize their understanding of civics, history, geography, and economics.

6.1.A. Social Studies Skills

6.1.A.1. Analyze how historical events shape the modern world.

6.1.A.2. Formulate questions and hypotheses from multiple perspectives, using multiple sources.

6.1.A.3. Gather, analyze, and reconcile information from primary and secondary sources to support or reject hypotheses.

6.1.A.4. Examine source data within the historical, social, political, geographic, or economic context in which it was created, testing credibility and evaluating bias.

6.1.A.5. Evaluate current issues, events, or themes and trace their evolution through historical periods.

6.1.A.6. Apply problem-solving skills to national, state, or local issues and propose reasoned solutions.

6.1.A.7. Analyze social, political, and cultural change and evaluate the impact of each on local, state, national, and international issues and events.

6.1.A.8. Evaluate historical and contemporary communications to identify factual accuracy, soundness of evidence, and absence of bias and discuss strategies used by the government, political candidates, and the media to communicate with the public.

NJ.6.2. Civics: All students will know, understand and appreciate the values and principles of American democracy and the rights, responsibilities, and roles of a citizen in the nation and the world.

6.2.A. Civic Life, Politics, and Government

6.2.A.1. Analyze how reserved and jointly held powers in the United States Constitution result in tensions among the three branches of government and how these tensions are resolved (e.g., Marbury v. Madison-1803; Federalist #78; United States v. Nixon-1974, claims of Executive Privilege by Presidents Nixon, Clinton, and Bush).

6.2.A.2. Apply the concept of the rule of law to contemporary issues (e.g., impeachment of President Clinton, use of Executive Privilege, recess appointments to federal courts, the Senate's advise and consent process, and the use of litmus tests).

6.2.A.3. Analyze how individual responsibility and commitment to law are related to the stability of American society.

6.2.A.4. Evaluate competing ideas about the purpose of the national and state governments and how they have changed over time (e.g., the American version of federalism, the powers of the federal government and the states, differing interpretations of Article I, Sections 8-10).

6.2.A.5. Discuss how participation in civic and political life can contribute to the attainment of individual and public good.

6.2.A.6. Evaluate ways that national political parties influence the development of public policies and political platforms, including political action committees, McCain-Feingold Act, platform committees, and political campaigns.

6.2.A.7. Analyze how public opinion is measured and used in public debate (e.g., electronic polling, focus groups, Gallup polls, newspaper and television polls) and how public opinion can be influenced by the government and the media.

6.2.B. American Values and Principles

6.2.B.1. Analyze major historical events and important ideas that led to and sustained the constitutional government of the United States, including the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the Judiciary Act of 1789, the first Cabinet under George Washington, and Amendments 1-15.

6.2.B.2. Propose and justify new local, state, or federal governmental policies on a variety of contemporary issues (e.g., definition of marriage, voting systems and procedures, censorship, religion in public places).

6.2.B.3. Describe historic and contemporary efforts to reduce discrepancies between ideals and reality in American public life, including Amendments 13-15, the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and 1875, the Abolitionist movement, the Civil War, and the end of slavery in the United States.

6.2.B.4. Discuss how a common and shared American civic culture is based on commitment to central ideas in founding-era documents (e.g., United States Constitution) and in core documents of subsequent periods of United States history (e.g., Washington's Farewell Address; Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions-1848; The Gettysburg Address; President Franklin Roosevelt's 'Four Freedoms' speech -1941; President Kennedy's Inaugural Address-1961; the 17th, 19th, and 24th Amendments; Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream' speech and the 'Letter from Birmingham Jail').

6.2.B.5. Analyze the successes of American society and disparities between American ideals and reality in American political, social, and economic life and suggest ways to address them (e.g., rights of minorities, women, physically and mentally challenged individuals, foreign born individuals).

6.2.B.6. Explore the importance and presence of voluntarism and philanthropy in America and examine the role of local, state, national, and international organizations such as the American Red Cross, the Salvation Army, and the Rotary.

6.2.C. The Constitution and American Democracy

6.2.C.1. Debate current issues and controversies involving the central ideas of the American constitutional system, including representative government (e.g., Electoral College and the popular vote), civic virtue (e.g., increasing voter turnout through registrations and campaigns), checks and balances, and limits on governmental power.

6.2.C.2. Analyze, through current and historical examples and Supreme Court cases, the scope of governmental power and how the constitutional distribution of responsibilities seeks to prevent the abuse of that power.

6.2.C.3. Compare the American system of representative government with systems in other democracies such as the parliamentary systems in England and France.

6.2.C.4. Compare and contrast the major constitutional and legal responsibilities of the federal government for domestic and foreign policy and describe how disagreements are resolved.

6.2.C.5. Describe the nature of political parties in America and how they reflect the spectrum of political views on current state and federal policy issues.

6.2.C.6. Explain the federal and state legislative process and analyze the influence of lobbying, advocacy groups, the media, and campaign finance on the development of laws and regulations.

6.2.D. Citizenship

6.2.D.1. Evaluate the characteristics needed for effective participation in civic and political life.

6.2.D.2. Compare and contrast the rights and responsibilities of government and its citizens as delineated in the United States Constitution, the New Jersey Constitution of 1947, and the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

6.2.D.3. Compare and contrast the benefits of American citizenship (e.g., habeas corpus, secret ballots, freedom of movement and expression) with those of citizens of other nations, including democratic and non-democratic countries.

6.2.D.4. Recommend ways that citizens can use knowledge of state or federal government policies and decision-making processes to influence the formation, development, or implementation of current public policy issues (e.g., First Amendment right to petition for redress of grievances).

6.2.D.5. Discuss how citizens can participate in the political process at the local, state, or national level (e.g., registering to vote, voting, attending meetings, contacting a representative, demonstrating, petitions, boycotting) and analyze how these forms of political participation influence public policy.

6.2.E. International Education: Global Challenges, Cultures, and Connections

6.2.E.1. Compare and contrast key past and present United States foreign policy actions (e.g., diplomacy, economic aid, humanitarian aid, military aid) and positions (e.g., treaties, sanctions, interventions) and evaluate their consequences.

6.2.E.2. Analyze and evaluate United States foreign policy actions and positions, including the Monroe Doctrine, the Mexican Cession, the Truman Doctrine, the Cold War, the world-wide struggle against terrorism, and the Iraq War.

6.2.E.3. Describe how the world is organized politically into nation-states and alliances and how these interact with one another through organizations such as the European Union, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the United Nations, the World Court, and the Group of Seven Industrialized Nations (G7).

6.2.E.4. Analyze and evaluate the interconnections of local, regional, and national issues with global challenges and issues, and recommend possible solutions.

6.2.E.5. Discuss how global interconnections can have both positive and negative consequences (e.g., international companies, transfer of jobs to foreign plants, international security and access to transportation).

6.2.E.6. Investigate a global challenge (e.g., hunger, AIDS, nuclear defense, global warming) in depth and over time, predict the impact if the current situation does not change, and offer possible solutions.

6.2.E.7. Participate in events to acquire understanding of complex global problems (e.g., Model United Nations, international simulations, field trips to government sites).

6.2.E.8. Justify an opinion or idea about a global issue while showing respect for divergent viewpoints.

6.2.E.9. Discuss the impact of technology, migration, the economy, politics, and urbanization on culture.

6.2.E.10. Compare and contrast common social and behavioral practices in various cultures (e.g., birth, marriage, death, gender issues, family structure, health issues).

6.2.E.11. Participate in activities that foster understanding and appreciation for diverse cultures (e.g., world language instruction, student exchange, clubs, international forums, community service, speaker programs, arts, sports).

6.2.E.12. Analyze the impact of communication networks, technology, transportation, and international business on global issues.

6.2.E.13. Analyze how the media presents cultural stereotypes and images and discuss how this impacts beliefs and behaviors.

6.2.E.14. Connect the concept of universal human rights to world events and issues.

6.2.E.15. Compare and contrast current and past genocidal acts and other acts of hatred and violence for the purposes of subjugation and exploitation (e.g., Holocaust, Native Americans, Irish famine, Armenia, Ukrainian collectivization, Cambodia, Rwanda) and discuss present and future actions by individuals and governments to prevent the reoccurrence of such events.

NJ.6.3. World History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of world history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and the future.

6.3.A. The Birth of Civilization to 1000 BCE

6.3.A.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.3.B. Early Human Societies to 500 CE

6.3.B.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.3.C. Expanding Zones of Exchange and Interaction to 1400 CE

6.3.C.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.3.D. The Age of Global Encounters (1400-1750)

6.3.D.1. Discuss the major developments in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, including China during the Ming and Qing Dynasty, Japan during the Tokugawa Period, the influence of Islam in shaping the political and social structure in the Middle East, including the Ottoman period, West Africa, including Mali and Songhay, India, including the Mughal Empire, and the impact of European arrival in the Americas.

6.3.D.2. Analyze and compare the ways that slavery and other forms of coerced labor or social bondage were practiced in East Africa, West Africa, Southwest Asia, Europe, and the Americas.

6.3.D.3. Describe the significant social and cultural changes that took place during the Renaissance, including advances in printing press technology, the works of Renaissance writers and elements of Humanism, the revival of Greco-Roman art, architecture, and scholarship, and differing ideas on the role of women.

6.3.D.4. Describe the early influences on the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment.

6.3.D.5. Discuss the contributions of the Scientific Revolution to European society, including important discoveries in mathematics, physics, biology, and chemistry, and the significance of the scientific method advanced by Descartes and Bacon.

6.3.D.6. Discuss the major developments in European society and culture.

6.3.E. The Age of Revolutionary Change (1750-1914)

6.3.E.1. Discuss the causes and consequences of political revolutions in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

6.3.E.2. Discuss how industrialization shaped social class (e.g., child labor, conditions of social class) and the development of labor organizations.

6.3.E.3. Explain the main patterns of global change in colonizing Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and the Americas, including the Indian Ocean and Pan Asian economies prior to the rise of Europe.

6.3.E.4. Trace the growth of independence movements and the rejection of colonialism including the Haitian Revolution and leaders such as Toussaint L'Ouverture, Simon Bolivar in Venezuela, and Jose Manti in Cuba.

6.3.E.5. Evaluate the changes brought about by the Meiji Restoration period in Japan (e.g., modernization, changes in policies on Western influence).

6.3.E.6. Describe how Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism spread during this period, including the areas of influence and reasons for the growth.

6.3.E.7. Discuss events that shaped the social structure of Russia in the 19th and early 20th century.

6.3.F. The Era of the Great Wars (1914-1945)

6.3.F.1. Analyze the causes and aftermath of World War I.

6.3.F.2. Analyze the background and global consequences of actions leading to World War II.

6.3.G. The Modern World (1945-1979)

6.3.G.1. Analyze the transition from wartime alliances to new patterns of global conflict and cooperation, and the reconstruction of Europe and Asia.

6.3.G.2. Apply historical analysis to explain global political, economic, and social changes in the 20th century.

6.3.H. Looking to the Future (1980-present)

6.3.H.1. Analyze global political, economic, and social changes in the 20th century.

6.3.H.2. Assess the growth of a worldwide economy of interdependent regions and the development of a dynamic new world order of increasingly interdependent regions, including NATO, the World Bank, the United Nations, the World Court, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and the European Economic Union, IMF and OPEC.

6.3.H.3. Evaluate the paradoxes and promises of the 21st century.

6.3.H.4. Analyze the development and effects of multinational corporations on trade, employment, and the environment.

NJ.6.4. United States and New Jersey History: All students will demonstrate knowledge of United States and New Jersey history in order to understand life and events in the past and how they relate to the present and future.

6.4.A. Family and Community Life

6.4.A.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.4.B. State and Nation

6.4.B.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.4.C. Many Worlds Meet (to 1620)

6.4.C.1. Reinforce indicators from previous grade levels.

6.4.D. Colonization and Settlement (1585-1763)

6.4.D.1. Analyze the major issues of the colonial period, including European hegemony over North America and mercantilism and trade.

6.4.D.2. Analyze how American colonial experiences caused change in the economic institutions of Europe, Africa, and the native population by examining indentured servitude and slavery and the rights of men and women.

6.4.D.3. Analyze the cultural reactions and survival techniques used by enslaved Africans to maintain their family structure, culture, and faith.

6.4.D.4. Analyze the political, religious, social, and economic institutions that emerged in colonial New Jersey.

6.4.D.5. Discuss Spanish exploration, settlement, and missions in the American Southwest.

6.4.E. Revolution and the New Nation (1754-1820)

6.4.E.1. Discuss the social, political, and religious aspects of the American Revolution, including key decisions leading to the Revolution, efforts by Parliament and the colonies to prevent revolution, the ideas of different religious denominations, and the economic and social differences of Loyalists, Patriots, and those who remained neutral.

6.4.E.2. Analyze the social and economic impact of the Revolutionary War, including problems of financing the war (e.g., wartime inflation, hoarding and profiteering), the impact of the war on women and African Americans, and the personal and economic hardships on families involved with the war.

6.4.E.3. Discuss the involvement of European nations during the Revolution and how their involvement influenced the outcome and aftermath (e.g., the assistance of France and Spain, how the self-interests of France and Spain differed from the United States after the war, the contributions of European military leaders, the creation of the Alien Sedition Acts).

6.4.E.4. Analyze strategic elements used during the Revolutionary War, discuss turning points during the war, and explain how the Americans won the war against superior resources.

6.4.E.5. Analyze New Jersey's role in the American Revolution, including New Jersey's Constitution of 1776 as a revolutionary document, why some New Jerseyans became Loyalists, and the Battles of Trenton, Princeton, and Monmouth.

6.4.E.6. Compare and contrast the major philosophical and historical influences on the development of the Constitution (e.g., Washington's Farewell Address (1796), Locke's Second Treatise, the ideas of Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and William Paterson).

6.4.E.7. Describe the early evolution of the system of government and political parties in the United States (e.g., presidential elections of 1792, 1796, 1800).

6.4.E.8. Discuss the implementation of the federal government under the United States Constitution during the presidency of George Washington.

6.4.E.9. Describe the origin and development of the political parties, the Federalists, and the Democratic Republicans (1793-1801).

6.4.F. Expansion and Reform (1801-1861)

6.4.F.1. Discuss the political interests and views of the War of 1812 (e.g., US responses to shipping harassment, role of Native Americans, role of white settlers in the Northwest Territory; congressional positions for and against the war).

6.4.F.2. Analyze American territorial expansion during this period, including the reasons for and consequences of the Louisiana Purchase, the Monroe Doctrine, Manifest Destiny, the Mexican War, the settlement of the frontier, and conflicts with Native-Americans.

6.4.F.3. Analyze the political, economic, and social changes in New Jersey prior to the Civil War, including the growth of New Jersey's cities, New Jersey's 1844 Constitution, the early stages of industrialization, including Alexander Hamilton and the Society for the Establishment of Useful Manufacturing, and the political and economic implications of the transportation monopolies.

6.4.F.4. Compare and contrast the characteristics of cultural, religious, and social reform movements in the antebellum period, including the abolition movement, the public school movement, the temperance movement, and the women's rights movement (e.g., Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments).

6.4.G. Civil War and Reconstruction (1850-1877)

6.4.G.1. Analyze key issues, events, and personalities of the Civil War period, including New Jersey's role in the Abolitionist Movement and the national elections, the development of the Jersey Shore, and the roles of women and children in New Jersey factories.

6.4.G.2. Assess the continuing social and political issues following the Civil War, including the various Reconstruction plans, the amendments to the United States Constitution, and the women's suffrage movement.

6.4.G.3. Describe New Jersey's role in the post-Civil War era, including New Jersey's votes on the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution.

6.4.H. The Industrial Revolution (1870-1900)

6.4.H.1. Analyze and evaluate key events, people, and groups associated with industrialization and its impact on urbanization, immigration, farmers, the labor movement, social reform, and government regulation.

6.4.H.2. Analyze the development of industrialization in America and New Jersey during this period and the resulting transformation of the country, including the construction of the transcontinental railroad, the introduction of mechanized farming, the rise of corporations and organized labor, and the growth of cities.

6.4.H.3. Analyze social and political trends in post Reconstruction America, including immigration restrictions, Jim Crow Laws and racial segregation, the rise of extra legal organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan, and the Plessy v. Ferguson decision.

6.4.H.4. Describe the economic development by which the United States became a major industrial power in the world and analyze the factors that contributed to industrialization.

6.4.H.5. Discuss the causes and consequences of the Spanish-American War (e.g., United States' justifications, the role of the United States in Cuba, impact on international relations, the acquisition of new territories).

6.4.H.6. Discuss elements that contributed to late 19th century expansionist foreign policy, including racial ideology, missionary zeal, nationalism, domestic tensions, and economic interests.

6.4.I. The Emergence of Modern America (1890-1930)

6.4.I.1. Analyze the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904) and explain how it modified the Monroe Doctrine (1823), justifying a new direction in United States foreign policy.

6.4.I.2. Discuss the rise of the Progressive Movement, including the relationship between Progressivism and the Populist Movement, Woodrow Wilson as Governor of New Jersey, anti-trust reform, the woman suffrage movement (e.g., Alice Paul), and municipal reform (e.g., Frank Hague).

6.4.I.3. Analyze United States foreign policy through World War I, including relations with Japan and China, the Spanish, Cuban, American War, and the building of the Panama Canal.

6.4.I.4. Describe the major events, personalities, and decisions of World War I, including the causes of United States involvement, social conditions on the home front, significant battles, Wilson's peace plan, and isolationism.

6.4.I.5. Explore and evaluate the role of New Jersey industry in World War I.

6.4.I.6. Analyze President Woodrow Wilson's 'Fourteen Points' Address to Congress (1918) and explain how it differed from proposals by French and British leaders for a treaty to conclude World War I.

6.4.I.7. Discuss the ratification of the Versailles Treaty and United States non-participation in the League of Nations.

6.4.I.8. Compare and contrast the social, cultural, and technological changes in the inter-war period, including the changing role of women, the rise of a consumer economy, the resurgence of nativism and racial violence, the Harlem Renaissance, and the Great Migration of African Americans to New Jersey from the south.

6.4.I.9. Discuss the working conditions in the Paterson silk mills and the strike of 1913.

6.4.I.10. Discuss the creation of social, labor, political, and economic advocacy organizations and institutions, including the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the AFL/CIO and other labor organizations, and the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).

6.4.I.11. Discuss the role of Chief Sitting Bull, the outcome and impact of the Wounded Knee Tragedy of 1890, and the suppression of the American Indian revivalist movement known as Ghost Dance.

6.4.J. The Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945)

6.4.J.1. Explain the economic impact of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930).

6.4.J.2. Describe how the Great Depression and the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt transformed America, including the growth of the federal government, the rise of the Welfare State, and industrial unionism.

6.4.J.3. Analyze how the Great Depression and the New Deal transformed New Jersey, including Work Progress Administration (WPA) projects in New Jersey, the Jersey Homesteads, and New Deal projects.

6.4.J.4. Discuss how the Depression contributed to the development of Social Security, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).

6.4.J.5. Compare and contrast key events and people involved with the causes, course, and consequences of World War II.

6.4.J.6. Describe the political background leading to American involvement in World War II, the course of the war in Europe and Asia, the mobilization of women and African Americans into the military and related industries, the segregated military, the use of the Atom Bomb, and the founding of the United Nations.

6.4.J.7. Describe New Jersey's role in World War II.

6.4.K. Postwar Years (1945-1970s)

6.4.K.1. Discuss how American policies following World War II developed as a result of the failures experienced and lessons learned after World War I.

6.4.K.2. Explain changes in the post war society of the United States and New Jersey, including the impact of television, the interstate highway system, the growth of the suburbs, and the democratization of education.

6.4.K.3. Interpret political trends in post-war New Jersey, including the New Jersey State Constitution of 1947, the impact of legal cases such as Hedgepeth and Williams v. Trenton Board of Education on the banning of segregation in the schools under the new State Constitution, the development and impact of New Jersey's Law Against Discrimination (P.L. 1945, c.169), and the shift of political power from rural and urban areas to the suburbs.

6.4.K.4. Analyze United States foreign policy during the Cold War period, including US/USSR relations, United States reaction to the Soviet subjugation of Eastern Europe, the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the Korean and Vietnam Wars, and relations with China.

6.4.K.5. Analyze political trends in post war America, including major United States Supreme Court decisions and the administrations of Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson.

6.4.K.6. Analyze the Civil Rights and Women's Movements, including the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the Civil Rights Act (1957 and 1964), the Little Rock Schools Crisis, the Voting Rights Act, Brown v. Board of Education, the formation of the National Council of La Raza (NCLR), the American Indian Movement (AIM), the formation of the National Organization for Women (NOW), and the passing of Title IX.

6.4.K.7. Describe how changes in federal policy impacted immigration to New Jersey and America, including the shift in places of origin from Western Europe to Latin America, the Caribbean, and Asia.

6.4.L. Contemporary America (1968-present)

6.4.L.1. Examine the administration of American presidents, beginning with President Richard M. Nixon, as a means to analyze political and economic issues in contemporary America, including domestic policy and international affairs.

6.4.L.2. Investigate the economic and social patterns in contemporary New Jersey, including shifts in immigration patterns, urban decline and renewal, important New Jersey Supreme Court rulings (e.g., Mount Laurel decision), and the issue of preserving open space.

6.4.L.3. Describe the growth of the technology and pharmaceutical industries in New Jersey.

6.4.L.4. Analyze United States domestic policies, including the civil rights movement, affirmative action, the labor and women's movements, conservatism vs. liberalism, the post-industrial economy, free trade, and international trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

6.4.L.5. Compare and contrast key events and people associated with foreign policy, including the fall of communism and the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, United States involvement in Haiti, Somalia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Kosovo, the Iran Hostage Crisis, and the war on terrorism.

6.4.L.6. Compare and contrast population trends and immigration and migration patterns in the United States (e.g., growth of Hispanic population, demographic and residential mobility).

6.4.L.7. Discuss major contemporary social issues, such as the evolution of governmental rights for individuals with disabilities, multiculturalism, bilingual education, gay rights, free expression in the media, and the modern feminist movement.

NJ.6.5. Economics: All students will acquire an understanding of key economic principles.

6.5.A. Economic Literacy

6.5.A.1. Describe different types of local, state, and federal taxes such as sales, income, and social security, discuss how deductions, exemptions, and credits reduce taxable income, and explain the difference between a progressive and regressive tax.

6.5.A.2. Describe the purposes of social security and Medicare.

6.5.A.3. Explain and interpret basic economic indicators, including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Consumer Price Index (CPI) the rate of economic growth, the poverty rate, the deficit and national debt, and the trade deficit.

6.5.A.4. Identify entrepreneurs in the community and describe the risks and rewards of starting a new business.

6.5.A.5. Discuss how a market economy experiences periodic business cycles of prosperity and recession and that the federal government can adjust taxes, interest rates, spending, and other policies to help restore economic health.

6.5.A.6. Analyze federal and state budgets, and discuss the proportional share of government spending to major elements such as education, social programs, public safety, military, foreign aid, and welfare.

6.5.A.7. Analyze the impact of supply and demand on market adjustments and prices (e.g., real estate and interest rates).

6.5.A.8. Define basic terms associated with international trade such as imports, exports, quotas, embargoes, tariffs, and free trade.

6.5.A.9. Compare and contrast forms of insurance that protect individuals from loss or damage (e.g., life, property, health, disability, personal liability, bank deposits).

6.5.A.10. Explain how changes in exchange rates impact the purchasing power of people in the United States and other countries.

6.5.B. Economics and Society

6.5.B.1. Compare and contrast the roles of the United States government and the private sector in the United States economy (e.g., Federal Reserve System, United States Mint, Stock Exchange).

6.5.B.2. Evaluate international trade principles and policies.

6.5.B.3. Analyze labor and environmental issues affecting American citizens raised by economic globalization and free trade pacts.

6.5.B.4. Discuss the value and role of free and fair competition versus the social need for cooperation and how business, industry, and government try to reconcile these goals.

6.5.B.5. Analyze the importance of economic issues to politics and be able to distinguish the economic views of different political parties.

6.5.B.6. Analyze the connections and potential effects of the widening gap between the rich and the poor in the United States, the decline in labor union membership since 1950, rapidly advancing technology, globalization, and problems of public schools.

6.5.B.7. Compare and contrast the causes and consequences of discrimination in markets, employment, housing, business, and financial transactions.

6.5.B.8. Evaluate the activities and impact in various countries of major international institutions including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization.

6.5.B.9. Describe how clearly defined and enforced property rights (e.g., copyright laws, patents) are essential to a market economy.

NJ.6.6. Geography: All students will apply knowledge of spatial relationships and other geographic skills to understand human behavior in relation to the physical and cultural environment.

6.6.A. The World in Spatial Terms

6.6.A.1. Discuss the application of geographic tools and supporting technologies, such as GIS, GPS, the Internet, and CD databases.

6.6.A.2. Use maps of physical and human characteristics of the world to answer complex geographical questions.

6.6.A.3. Analyze, explain, and solve geographical problems using maps, supporting technologies, and other graphical representations.

6.6.A.4. Use geographic tools and technologies to pose and answer questions about spatial distributions and patterns on Earth.

6.6.A.5. Apply spatial thinking to understand the interrelationship of history, geography economics, and the environment, including domestic and international migrations, changing environmental preferences and settlement patterns, and frictions between population groups.

6.6.B. Places and Regions

6.6.B.1. Analyze and compare the functions and spatial arrangements of cities both locally and globally.

6.6.B.2. Evaluate how human interaction with the physical environment shapes the features of places and regions.

6.6.B.3. Analyze why places and regions are important factors to individual and social identity.

6.6.C. Physical Systems

6.6.C.1. Assess relationships between soil, climate, plant, and animal life and how this impacts the distribution of ecosystems.

6.6.C.2. Analyze the effects of both physical and human changes in ecosystems, such as acid rain, ozone layer, carbon-dioxide levels, and clean water issues.

6.6.D. Human Systems

6.6.D.1. Analyze the impact of human migration on physical and human systems.

6.6.D.2. Explain the spatial-technological processes of cultural convergence (cultural adaptations over distances) and divergence (separating effects of cultural diffusion over distances).

6.6.D.3. Analyze the historic movement patterns of people and their goods and their relationship to economic activity.

6.6.D.4. Analyze the processes that change urban areas.

6.6.D.5. Analyze how cooperation and conflict influence the control of economic, political, and social entities on Earth.

6.6.E. Environment and Society

6.6.E.1. Discuss the global impacts of human modification of the physical environment (e.g., the built environment).

6.6.E.2. Discuss the importance of maintaining biodiversity.

6.6.E.3. Analyze examples of changes in the physical environment that have altered the capacity of the environment to support human activity, including pollution, salinization, deforestation, species extinction, population growth, and natural disasters.

6.6.E.4. Compare and contrast the historical movement patterns of people and goods in the world, United States, and New Jersey and analyze the basis for increasing global interdependence.

6.6.E.5. Evaluate policies and programs related to the use of local, national and global resources.

6.6.E.6. Analyze the human need for respect for and informed management of all resources (sustainability), including human populations, energy, air, land, and water to insure that the earth will support future generations.

6.6.E.7. Describe how and why historical and cultural knowledge can help to improve present and future environmental maintenance.

6.6.E.8. Delineate and evaluate the environmental impact of technological change in human history (e.g., printing press, electricity and electronics, automobiles, computer, and medical technology).