Maine State Standards for Mathematics: Grade 8

ME.A. Number: Students use numbers in everyday and mathematical contexts to quantify or describe phenomena, develop concepts of operations with different types of numbers, use the structure and properties of numbers with operations to solve problems, and perfor

A.1. Rational Number: Students express or interpret numbers using scientific notation from real-life contexts.

A.1.a. Use positive and negative integer exponents for powers of ten.

A.1.b. Convert between standard and scientific notation forms and compare the relative size of numbers including the interpretation of numbers as displayed on calculators and computers.

A.1.c. Use square roots.

A.1.d. Be able to estimate the value of the square roots of whole numbers and place them on the number line.

A.2. Real Number: Students understand the set of real numbers as containing the rational numbers and the irrational numbers.

A.2.a. Know that there are real numbers that are not rational numbers.

A.2.b. Know some common examples of irrational numbers including pi or those arising from square roots.

A.2.c. Use square roots.

A.2.d. Be able to estimate the value of the square roots of whole numbers and place them on the number line.

ME.B. Data: Students make measurements and collect, display, evaluate, analyze, and compute with data to describe or model phenomena and to make decisions based on data. Students compute statistics to summarize data sets and use concepts of probability to make

B.1. Measurement and Approximation: Students understand and use derived measures (measurements expressed as rates).

B.1.a. Calculate measures using multiple attributes including speed (distance per time).

B.1.b. Solve for an unknown component of a measure including finding time given average speed and distance.

B.2. Measurement and Approximation: Students convert across measurement systems and within a system for different units in derived measures.

B.2.a. Approximate metric and customary equivalents given a conversion factor.

B.2.b. Convert derived measures, including feet per second to miles per hour.

B.3. Data Analysis: Students use the mean, median, mode, range, and quartiles to solve problems involving raw data and information from data displays.

B.4. Probability: Students understand and apply concepts of probability.

B.4.a. Use appropriate terminology to describe complementary and mutually exclusive events.

B.4.b. Use an understanding of relative frequency to make and test conjectures about results of experiments and simulations.

B.4.c. Compute probabilities for compound events, using such methods as organized lists, tree diagrams, and area models.

ME.C. Geometry: Students use measurement and observation to describe objects based on their sizes and shapes; model or construct two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects; solve problems involving geometric properties; compute areas and volumes based on obj

C.1. Geometric Figures: Students know and use properties of polygons.

C.1.a. Apply the triangle inequality.

C.1.b. Find the sum of the measures of the interior angles of a polygon.

C.1.c. Apply the property that the sum of the measures of the exterior angles of a polygon is 360 degrees.

C.2. Geometric Figures: Students know and use angle properties of parallel lines to solve problems and determine geometric relationships.

C.2.a. Know and use properties of angles created when parallel lines are cut by a transversal.

C.2.b. Use angle properties to determine whether lines are parallel.

C.2.c. Know and use properties of angles created by parallel lines and transversals to determine the angle properties of trapezoids and parallelograms, and apply these properties in problem situations.

C.3. Geometric Figures: Students know and use the Pythagorean Theorem.

C.4. Geometric Measurement: Students find the volume and surface area of prisms, pyramids, cylinders, and other figures composed of these solids.

C.4.a. Apply the understanding that the volume of prisms and cylinders can be found by multiplying the area of a base by the height of the solid.

C.4.b. Apply the understanding that the volume of pyramids can be found by multiplying the area of a base by 1/3 the height of the solid.

C.4.c. Apply the understanding that the surface area of a figure is the sum of the areas of its faces and find the surface areas of cylinders.

ME.D. Algebra: Students use symbols to represent or model quantities, patterns, and relationships and use symbolic manipulation to evaluate expressions and solve equations. Students solve problems using symbols, tables, graphs, and verbal rules choosing the mos

D.1. Symbols and Expressions: Students create, evaluate, and manipulate expressions.

D.1.a. Create and evaluate expressions using real numbers.

D.1.b. Add and subtract linear expressions.

D.1.c. Apply the properties of the real number system, including distributive and associative laws, to create equivalent expressions.

D.2. Equations and Inequalities: Students understand and solve problems involving linear equations.

D.2.a. Solve any linear equation including linear equations of the form ax + b = cx + d.

D.2.b. Recognize that, in general, linear equations have just one solution-but know also that some linear equations can have no solution and those linear equations that are identities have every value of x as a solution.

D.2.c. Use graphs to estimate solutions to equations and systems of equations, check algebraic approaches, provide alternative solution paths, and communicate the solution to a problem.

D.3. Equations and Inequalities: Students understand and solve linear inequalities in one unknown.

D.3.a. Represent problem situations as inequalities.

D.3.b. Solve linear inequalities.

D.3.c. Interpret the solutions to linear inequalities.

D.4. Functions and Relations: Students understand and use the basic properties of linear relationships, y = kx + b.

D.4.a. Understand that linear relationships are characterized by a constant rate of change, k.

D.4.b. Understand that the graph of a linear relationship y = kx + b is a line where the slope is k and b is the y-coordinate of the point where the graph crosses the y-axis (i.e., value of y when x = 0).

D.4.c. Translate common linear phenomena into symbolic statements and graphs, and interpret the slope and y-intercept of the graph of y = kx + b in terms of the original situation.