Maryland State Standards for Science: Kindergarten

MD.1.0. Skills and Processes: Students will demonstrate the thinking and acting inherent in the practice of science.

1.A.1. Constructing Knowledge: Raise questions about the world around them and be willing to seek answers to some of them by making careful observations and trying things out.

1.A.1.a. Describe what can be learned about things by just observing those things carefully and adding information by sometimes doing something to the things and noting what happens. 16
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.A.1.a.

1.A.1.b. Seek information through reading, observation, exploration, and investigations. 16
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.A.1.b.

1.A.1.c. Use tools such as thermometers, magnifiers, rulers, or balances to extend their senses and gather data. 15
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.A.1.c.

1.A.1.d. Explain that when a science investigation is done the way it was done before, we expect to get a very similar result. 14
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.A.1.d.

1.A.1.e. Participate in multiple experiences to verify that science investigations generally work the same way in different places. 14
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.A.1.e.

1.A.1.f. Suggest things that you could do to find answers to questions raised by observing objects and/or phenomena (events such as, water disappearing from the classroom aquarium or a pet's water bowl). 16
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.A.1.f.

1.A.1.g. Use whole numbers and simple, everyday fractions in ordering, counting, identifying, measuring, and describing things and experiences. 186
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.A.1.g.

1.B.1. Applying Evidence and Reasoning: People are more likely to believe your ideas if you can give good reasons for them.

1.B.1.a. Provide reasons for accepting or rejecting ideas examined. 14
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.B.1.a.

1.B.1.b. Develop reasonable explanations for observations made, investigations completed, and information gained by sharing ideas and listening to others' ideas. 16
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.B.1.b.

1.B.1.c. Explain why it is important to make some fresh observations when people give different descriptions of the same thing. 16
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.B.1.c.

1.C.1. Communicating Scientific Information: Ask, 'How do you know?' in appropriate situations and attempt reasonable answers when others ask them the same question.

1.C.1.a. Describe things as accurately as possible and compare observations with those of others. 16
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.C.1.a.

1.C.1.b. Describe and compare things in terms of number, shape, texture, size, weight, color, and motion. 11
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.C.1.b.

1.C.1.c. Draw pictures that correctly portray at least some features of the thing being described and sequence events (seasons, seed growth). 11
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.C.1.c.

1.C.1.d. Have opportunities to work with a team, share findings with others, and recognize that all team members should reach their own conclusions about what the findings mean. 15
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.C.1.d.

1.C.1.e. Recognize that everybody can do science and invent things and ideas. 16
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.C.1.e.

1.D.1. Technology: Design and make things with simple tools and a variety of materials.

1.D.1.a. Make something out of paper, cardboard, wood, plastic, metal, or existing objects that can actually be used to perform a task. 7
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.D.1.a.

1.D.1.b. Recognize that tools are used to do things better or more easily and to do some things that could not otherwise be done at all. 6
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.D.1.b.

1.D.1.d. Recognize that some kinds of materials are better than others for making any particular thing, for example, materials that are better in some ways (such as stronger and cheaper) may be worse in other ways (such as heavier and harder to cut). 7
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.D.1.d.

1.D.1.e. Explain that sometimes it is not possible to make or do everything that is designed. 11
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.D.1.e.

1.D.2. Technology: Practice identifying the parts of things and how one part connects to and affects another.

1.D.2.a. Investigate a variety of objects to identify that most things are made of parts 20
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.D.2.a.

1.D.2.b. Explain that something may not work if some of its parts are missing. 20
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.D.2.b.

1.D.2.c. Explain that when parts are put together, they can do things that they couldn't do by themselves. 20
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.D.2.c.

1.D.3. Technology: Examine a variety of physical models and describe what they teach about the real things they are meant to resemble.

1.D.3.a. Explain that a model of something is different from the real thing but can be used to learn something about the real thing. 16
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.D.3.a.

1.D.3.b. Realize that one way to describe something is to say how it is like something else. 11
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 1.D.3.b.

MD.2.0. Earth/Space Science: Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the chemical and physical interactions (i.e., natural forces and cycles, transfer of energy) of the environment, Earth, and the universe that occur over time.

2.A.1. Materials and Processes That Shape A Planet: Investigate objects and materials in the environment.

2.A.1.a. Observe and describe a variety of natural and human-made objects found in familiar environments (school, neighborhood, etc.). 6
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 2.A.1.a.

2.A.1.b. Examine and describe Earth materials: rocks; soil; water. 9
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 2.A.1.b.

2.A.1.c. Using examples, describe that objects and materials, such as trees, rocks, and hills on Earth's surface can change. 3
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 2.A.1.c.

2.D.1. Astronomy: Observe celestial objects that are visible in the day and night sky.

2.D.1.a. Identify and describe the sun, moon and stars. 17
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 2.D.1.a.

2.D.1.b. Describe ways in which the daytime and nighttime skies are different. 17
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 2.D.1.b.

2.E.2. Interactions of Hydrosphere and Atmosphere: Investigate and gather information about changes in weather.

2.E.2.a. Observe and describe different weather conditions using senses. 23
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 2.E.2.a.

2.E.2.b. Record observations using pictures, pictographs, or written/oral language. 6
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 2.E.2.b.

2.E.2.c. Describe qualitative changes in weather, such as temperatures, precipitation, wind, etc 16
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 2.E.2.c.

MD.3.0. Life Science: The students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the dynamic nature of living things, their interactions, and the results from the interactions that occur over time.

3.A.1. Diversity of Life: Observe a variety of familiar animals and plants (perhaps on the school grounds, in the neighborhood, and at home) to discover patterns of similarity and difference among them.

3.A.1.a. Identify and describe features (observable parts) of animals and plants that make some of them alike in the way they look and the things they do. 22
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.A.1.a.

3.A.1.b. Compare descriptions of the features that make some animals and some plants very different from one another. 22
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.A.1.b.

3.A.1.c. Identify a feature that distinguishes animals that fly (as an example) from animals that cannot and examine a variety of animals that can fly to discover other similar features they might share. 11
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.A.1.c.

3.A.1.d. Compare ideas about how the features of animals and plants affect what these animals are able to do. 22
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.A.1.d.

3.A.2. Diversity of Life: Gather information and direct evidence that humans have different external features, such as size, shape, etc., but that they are more like one another than like other animals.

3.A.2.a. Organize data collected and draw conclusions about similarities and differences among humans. 1
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.A.2.a.

3.A.2.b. Explain ways in which humans are more like one another than like other animals. 1
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.A.2.b.

3.A.2.c. Describe similarities in what both humans and other animals are able to do because they possess certain external features. 138
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.A.2.c.

3.C.1. Genetics: Observe, describe and compare the life cycles of different kinds of animals and plants.

3.C.1.a. Identify and draw pictures that show what an animal (egg to frog) and a plant (seed to tree) looks like at each stage of its life cycle. 59
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.C.1.a.

3.C.1.b. Describe and compare the changes that occur in the life cycle of two different animals, such as a frog and a puppy and two different plants, such as a rosebush and a maple tree. 59
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.C.1.b.

3.C.1.c. Identify and describe the changes that occur in humans as they develop: Size; Weight; Appearance of different parts. 1
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.C.1.c.

3.D.1. Evolution: Recognize that living things are found almost everywhere in the world and that there are somewhat different kinds of living things in different places.

3.D.1.a. Observe, describe, and give examples and describe the many kinds of living things found in different places in Maryland. 1
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.D.1.a.

3.D.1.b. Using pictures, films and illustrated texts identify, describe and compare living things found in other states such as Texas and Alaska to those found in Maryland. 3
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.D.1.b.

3.D.1.c. Explain that the external features of plants and animals affect how well they thrive in different kinds of places. 37
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.D.1.c.

3.E.1. Flow of Matter and Energy: Develop an awareness of the relationship of features of living things and their ability to satisfy basic needs that support their growth and survival.

3.E.1.a. Make observations of the features and behaviors of many different kinds of animals within an environment to identify and begin building a list of some of the basic needs these organisms share, such as water, air, etc. 42
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.E.1.a.

3.E.1.b. Describe ways that people and other animals manage to bring the things they need from their environment into their bodies. 24
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.E.1.b.

3.E.1.c. Make observations of the features of many different kinds of plants within an environment to identify and begin building a list of some of the basic needs these organisms share, such as water, light, etc. 24
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.E.1.c.

3.E.1.d. Describe the way that most plants manage to bring water from the environment into the plant. 13
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.E.1.d.

3.F.1. Ecology: Investigate a variety of familiar places where plants and animals live to describe the place and the living things found there.

3.F.1.a. Describe observations using drawings, oral or written text of the place and some of the living things found there. 6
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.F.1.a.

3.F.1.b. Based on the observations collected at each place compare the plants and animals found there: Location; Activity; Movement; Features. 30
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.F.1.b.

3.F.1.c. Describe ways that animals and plants found in each place interact with each other and with their environment. 6
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 3.F.1.c.

MD.4.0. Chemistry: Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the composition, structure, and interactions of matter in order to support the predictability of structure and energy transformations.

4.A.1. Structure of Matter: Compare the observable properties of a variety of objects and the materials they are made of using evidence from investigations.

4.A.1.a. Examine and describe various objects in terms of the materials, such as clay, cloth, paper, etc. from which they are made. 9
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 4.A.1.a.

4.A.1.b. Based on data, describe the observable properties, such as size, shape, color, and texture of a variety of objects. 15
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 4.A.1.b.

4.A.1.c. Identify and compare the properties of materials objects are made of and the properties of the objects. 9
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 4.A.1.c.

MD.5.0. Physics: Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the interactions of matter and energy and the energy transformations that occur

5.A.1. Mechanics: Compare the different ways objects move.

5.A.1.a. Given many different objects, make them move and describe and compare how they move: Straight; Round and round; Back and forth; Zig-Zag. 4
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 5.A.1.a.

5.A.2. Mechanics: Explain that there must be a cause for changes in the motion of an object

5.A.2.a. Observe and describe the ways in which a variety of objects' motion can be changed: Sped up from a standstill; Slow down to a stop; Go faster; Go slower; No change; Change direction 5
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 5.A.2.a.

5.A.2.b. Based on observations, identify what caused the changes in an object's motion: Push; Pull. 5
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 5.A.2.b.

5.B.1. Thermodynamics: Describe that sunlight warms the land, air, and water using observations and age appropriate tools.

5.B.1.a. Recognize and describe temperature changes of the land, air, and water before and after the sun warms them using senses and thermometers. 1
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 5.B.1.a.

5.C.3. Electricity and Magnetism: Observe and gather information from the explorations to describe how magnets affect some objects.

5.C.3.a. Observe and describe what happens when magnets are placed on or near objects made of different materials. 6
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 5.C.3.a.

5.C.3.b. Raise and seek answers to questions about what happened to the objects investigated and/or to the magnet. 6
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 5.C.3.b.

5.D.2. Wave Interactions: Observe and describe that sound is produced by vibrating objects.

5.D.2.a. Observe and relate the vibrations of objects that make sounds (drums, guitar strings, and tuning forks) to the sounds felt and heard. 1
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 5.D.2.a.

5.D.2.b. Based on information from observations identify the source of vibrations in familiar objects that produce sounds. 1
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 5.D.2.b.

MD.6.0. Environmental Science: Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the interactions of environmental factors (living and non-living) and analyze their impact from a local to a global perspective.

6.B.1. Environmental Issues: Identify aspects of the environment that are made by humans and those that are not made by humans.

6.B.1.a. Identify features of the natural environment, such as parks, zoos, buildings, etc. that are made by humans. 26
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 6.B.1.a.

6.B.1.b. Identify features of the natural environment that are not made by humans. 10
Suggested Titles for Maryland Science State Standard 6.B.1.b.