Maryland State Standards for Language Arts: Grade 1

MD.1.0. General Reading Processes: Phonemic Awareness: Students will master the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words by the end of grade one.

1.A.1. Phonemic Awareness: Discriminate sounds and words

1.A.1.a. Identify initial, medial, and final sounds in one-syllable words.

1.A.1.b. Compare one-syllable words using initial, medial, and final sounds.

1.A.1.c. Categorize words as same or different by medial sounds.

1.A.2. Phonemic Awareness: Discriminate and produce rhyming words and alliteration.

1.A.2.a. Produce sentences with rhyming and alliteration.

1.A.3. Phonemic Awareness: Blend sounds and syllables to form words.

1.A.3.a. Blend 3-4 phonemes into a word, such as f-a-s-t=fast.

1.A.4. Phonemic Awareness: Segment and manipulate sounds in spoken words.

1.A.4.a. Segment words into syllables.

1.A.4.b. Segment one-syllable words into phonemes.

1.A.4.c. Delete sounds to form new words.

1.A.4.d. Add sounds to form new words.

1.A.4.e. Substitute sounds to form new words.

1.B.1. Phonics: Identify letters and corresponding sounds.

1.B.1.a. Produce letter/sound correspondences rapidly (1 per second).

1.B.1.b. Combine sounds to form letter combinations, such as pl-, bl-, tr-, -nt.

1.B.2. Phonics: Decode words in grade-level texts.

1.B.2.a. Recognize and apply short vowels, long vowels, and 'y' as a vowel.

1.B.2.b. Decode words with letter combinations, such as consonant digraphs, blends, and special vowel patterns.

1.B.2.c. Read one-syllable words fluently (CVC, CVCE).

1.B.2.d. Use known word/part to decode unknown words, such as car->card.

1.C.1. Fluency: Read orally from familiar text at an appropriate rate.

1.C.1.a. Listen to models of fluent reading.

1.C.1.b. Read familiar text at a rate that is conversational and consistent.

1.C.1.c. Reread text multiple times to increase familiarity with words.

1.C.2. Fluency: Read grade-level text accurately.

1.C.2.a. Reread and self-correct while reading.

1.C.2.b. Use word context clues (meaning), sentence structure (syntax), and visual clues to guide self-correction.

1.C.2.c. Read sight words automatically, such as have, said, where, two.

1.C.3. Fluency: Read grade-level text with expression.

1.C.3.a.1. Demonstrate appropriate use of phrasing when reading familiar text.

1.C.3.a.2. Use end punctuation, commas, and quotation marks to guide expression.

1.C.3.a.3. Use intonation (emphasis on certain words) to convey meaning.

1.D.1. Vocabulary: Develop and apply vocabulary through exposure to a variety of texts.

1.D.1.a. Acquire new vocabulary through listening to and reading a variety of grade-appropriate text daily.

1.D.1.b. Discuss words and word meanings daily as they are encountered in texts, instruction, and conversation.

1.D.1.c. Ask questions to clarify meaning about objects and words related to topics discussed.

1.D.1.d. Listen to and identify the meaning of new vocabulary in multiple contexts.

1.D.1.e. Connect unfamiliar words from texts, instruction and conversation to prior knowledge to enhance meaning.

1.D.1.f. Learn 5-8 new words every week (independent reading).

1.D.2. Vocabulary: Develop a conceptual understanding of new words.

1.D.2.a. Sort grade-appropriate words with or without pictures into categories.

1.D.2.b. Identify antonyms and synonyms.

1.D.2.c. Identify and use correctly new words acquired through study of their relationship to other words.

1.D.3. Vocabulary: Understand, acquire, and use new vocabulary.

1.D.3.a. Determine meaning of words using their context (Reread; Use context clues; Examine illustrations).

1.D.3.b. Use unfamiliar words introduced in literary and informational texts.

1.D.3.c. Use word structure to determine meaning of words (Contractions; Inflectional endings; Compound words; Root/base words).

1.D.3.d. Use resources to determine meaning of unknown words (Picture dictionary; Charts; Diagrams; Posters; Content texts).

1.E.1. General Reading Comprehension: Develop comprehension skills through exposure to a variety of texts.

1.E.1.a. Listen to, read, and discuss text representing diversity in content, culture, authorship, and perspective, including areas, such as race, gender, disability, religion, and socio-economic background.

1.E.1.b. Self-select appropriate text for a variety of purposes.

1.E.1.c. Read a minimum of 25 books representing various genres.

1.E.1.d. Discuss ideas/information gained from reading experiences with adults and peers.

1.E.2. General Reading Comprehension: Use strategies to prepare for reading (before reading).

1.E.2.a. Make connections to the text using their prior knowledge and experiences with the text.

1.E.2.b. Make predictions or ask questions about the text by examining the title, cover, illustrations/photographs/text, and familiar author or topic.

1.E.2.c. Set a purpose for reading and identify type of text (fiction or nonfiction).

1.E.3. General Reading Comprehension: Use strategies to make meaning from text (during reading).

1.E.3.a. Recall and discuss what they understand.

1.E.3.b. Identify and question what did not make sense.

1.E.3.c. Reread difficult parts slowly and carefully and use own words to restate difficult parts.

1.E.3.d. Make, confirm, or adjust predictions.

1.E.3.e. Look back through the text to search for connections between topics, events, characters, and actions in stories to specific life experiences.

1.E.4. General Reading Comprehension: Use strategies to demonstrate understanding of the text (after reading).

1.E.4.a. Describe what the text is about.

1.E.4.b. Describe what is directly stated in the text (details, literal meaning).

1.E.4.c. Engage in conversation to understand what has been read.

1.E.4.d. Answer simple questions (who, what, when, where, and how) in writing.

1.E.4.e. Respond to text by drawing, speaking, dramatizing, or writing.

1.E.4.f. Retell the main idea of texts.

MD.2.0. Comprehension of Informational Text: Students will read, comprehend, interpret, analyze, and evaluate informational text.

2.A.1. Comprehension of Informational Text: Develop comprehension skills by reading a variety of self-selected and assigned informational texts.

2.A.1.a. Listen to nonfiction materials (Textbooks; Trade books; Grade-appropriate reference materials; Newspapers; Articles; Magazines; Questionnaires/interviews; Multimedia resources).

2.A.1.b. Read and recognize functional documents (Classroom schedules; Sets of directions; Science investigations; Posters; Flyers; Forms; Invitations; Menus; Maps; Recipes; Rules).

2.A.1.c. Select and read personal interest materials, such as brochures, books, magazines, and web sites.

2.A.2. Comprehension of Informational Text: Identify and use text features to facilitate understanding of informational texts.

2.A.2.a. Use print features (Numbered steps; Large bold print; Font size/type; Colored print; Headings and chapter titles; Labels; Captions).

2.A.2.b. Use graphic aids (Illustrations; Pictures; Photographs; Drawings; Maps; Graphs; Charts/tables; Diagrams; Materials list).

2.A.2.c. Use informational aids (Materials lists; Captions; Glossed words; Labels; Numbered steps).

2.A.2.d. Use organizational aids when reading (Title; Table of contents; Numbered steps; Transition words).

2.A.3. Comprehension of Informational Text: Develop knowledge of organizational structure of informational text to understand what is read.

2.A.3.a. Distinguish between fiction and nonfiction text.

2.A.3.b. Recognize words that signal the structure of informational text.

2.A.3.c. Recognize sequential order.

2.A.3.d. Recognize cause/effect relationships.

2.A.3.e. Recognize similarities and differences.

2.A.3.f. Recognize main idea.

2.A.4. Comprehension of Informational Text: Determine important ideas and messages in informational texts.

2.A.4.a. Identify the text's purpose.

2.A.4.b. Identify main ideas/messages.

2.A.4.c. Distinguish between a fact and an opinion.

2.A.4.d. Retell important facts from a text.

2.A.4.e. Identify how someone might use the text.

2.A.4.f. Identify prior knowledge that clarifies the main idea of the text.

2.A.5. Comprehension of Informational Text: Identify and explain the author's use of language.

2.A.5.a. Recognize specific punctuation that create tone.

2.A.6. Comprehension of Informational Text: Read critically to evaluate informational text.

2.A.6.a. State whether the text fulfills the reading purpose.

2.A.6.b. Tell what the author could have done to make the text easier to understand.

2.A.6.c. Explain whether the author's ideas are clear.

2.A.6.d. Identify words that affect the reader's feelings.

MD.3.0. Comprehension of Literary Text: Students will read, comprehend, interpret, analyze, and evaluate literary texts.

3.A.1. Comprehension of Literary Text: Develop comprehension skills by reading a variety of self-selected and assigned literary texts.

3.A.1.a. Listen to, read, and discuss a variety of literary texts representing diverse cultures, perspectives, and ethnicities.

3.A.1.b. Listen to, read, and discuss a variety of different types of fictional literary texts, such as plays, poems, stories (folktales, fairy tales, fantasy, fables, realistic fiction, and historical fiction).

3.A.2. Comprehension of Literary Text: Use text features to facilitate understanding of literary texts.

3.A.2.a. Identify and explain how the title contributes to meaning.

3.A.2.b. Identify and explain how text features, such as illustrations, punctuation, and print features, contribute to meaning.

3.A.3. Comprehension of Literary Text: Use elements of narrative texts to facilitate understanding.

3.A.3.a. Identify the elements of a story, including characters, setting, problem, and solution.

3.A.3.b. Identify and explain character traits and actions.

3.A.3.c. Sequence the important events.

3.A.4. Comprehension of Literary Text: Use elements of poetry to facilitate understanding.

3.A.4.a. Identify rhyme, rhythm, and repetition in poems read to them.

3.A.4.b. Summarize the events or tell the meaning of the poem.

3.A.5. Comprehension of Literary Text: Use elements of drama to facilitate understanding.

3.A.5.a. Identify the characters, dialogue, and scenery of a play read to them.

3.A.6. Comprehension of Literary Text: Determine important ideas and messages in literary texts.

3.A.6.a. Recognize the main idea.

3.A.6.b. Recognize a similar message in more than one text.

3.A.6.c. Summarize the text by stating the main idea and sequencing the important events.

3.A.6.d. Identify personal connections to the text.

3.A.7. Comprehension of Literary Text: Identify and describe the author's use of language.

3.A.7.a. Identify language that appeals to the senses and feelings.

3.A.7.b. Identify repetition.

3.A.7.c. Identify specific words and punctuation that create tone.

MD.4.0. Writing: Students will compose in a variety of modes by developing content, employing specific forms, and selecting language appropriate for a particular audience and purpose.

4.A.1. Writing: Compose texts using the prewriting and drafting strategies of effective writers and speakers.

4.A.1.a. Generate ideas and topics and make a plan for writing.

4.A.1.b. Write a first draft with a main idea and supporting details.

4.A.2. Writing: Compose oral, written, and visual presentations that express personal ideas, inform, and persuade.

4.A.2.a. Write to express personal ideas using drawings, symbols, letters, words, sentences, and simple paragraphs.

4.A.2.b. Contribute to a shared writing experience or topic of interest.

4.A.2.c. Use sensory details to expand ideas.

4.A.2.d. Use details that support a topic with a clear beginning, middle, and end to inform.

4.A.2.e. Write persuasive text to support a stated opinion.

4.A.2.f. Write a variety of responses to text, such as response logs and journals.

4.A.3. Writing: Compose texts using the revising and editing strategies of effective writers and speakers.

4.A.3.a. Improve writing by: Maintaining a topic.

4.A.3.b. Improve writing by: Adding ideas.

4.A.3.c. Proofread and edit writing for:

4.A.3.d. Proofread and edit writing for: Punctuation at the end of sentences.

4.A.3.e. Proofread and edit writing for: Accurate spelling of previously learned, high-frequency words.

4.A.3.f. Proofread and edit writing for: Capitalization at the beginning of sentences.

4.A.3.g. Proofread and edit writing for: Capitalization for names.

4.A.3.h. Prepare writing for publication.

4.A.4. Writing: Identify how language choices in writing and speaking affect thoughts and feelings.

4.A.4.a. Identify and use words to express feelings, such as happiness, anger, sadness, frustration.

4.A.4.b. Acquire and use new vocabulary.

4.A.5. Writing: Use effective details, words, and figurative language in the student's own composing.

4.A.5.a. Use descriptive words and other details to expand and improve student's own writing.

4.A.6. Write: Use information from various sources to accomplish a purpose.

4.A.6.a. Identify sources of information on a topic, such as trade books, classroom dictionaries, glossaries, indexes, maps, news magazines, etc.

4.A.6.b. Use graphic organizers, such as webs and story maps to organize information.

MD.5.0. Controlling Language: Students will control language by applying the conventions of Standard English in speaking and writing.

5.A.1. Grammar: Use grammar concepts and skills that strengthen oral and written language.

5.A.1.a. Use various parts of speech, such as nouns, pronouns, and verbs.

5.A.1.b. Distinguish between complete and incomplete sentences.

5.A.1.c. Compose simple sentences using correct word order.

5.B.1. Usage: Recognize examples of conventional usage in personal and academic reading.

5.B.2. Usage: Comprehend and apply standard English in oral and written language.

5.B.2.a. Recognize when subjects and verbs agree.

5.B.2.b. Recognize when personal nouns and pronouns agree.

5.C.1. Mechanics: Explain the purpose of mechanics to make and clarify meaning.

5.C.2. Mechanics: Comprehend and use basic punctuation and capitalization in written language.

5.C.2.a. Consistently use end punctuation such as period, question mark, exclamation mark.

5.C.2.b. Use periods in numbered lists.

5.C.2.c. Use commas in dates and salutations and closings.

5.C.2.d. Use capital letters to begin sentences and identify proper nouns, such as names.

5.D.1. Spelling: Apply conventional spelling in written language.

5.D.1.a. Correctly spell several non-phonetic high frequency words.

5.D.1.b. Spell phonetically regular high frequency words.

5.D.1.c. Correctly spell grade level appropriate pattern words.

5.D.1.d. Spell two syllable words that follow regular spelling patterns, including compound words.

5.D.1.e. Encode words with simple blends.

5.D.1.f. Spell words with simple prefixes and inflectional endings.

5.D.1.g. Use temporary spelling to attempt unknown words.

5.D.1.h. Access resources to spell unknown words, such as labeled objects, word walls, charts, pictionaries.

5.E.1. Handwriting: Produce writing that is legible to the audience.

5.E.1.a. Form upper and lower case manuscript letters.

5.E.1.b. Control size and spacing of manuscript letters on appropriately lined paper.

5.E.1.c. Use manuscript in daily assignments to build accuracy and automaticity.

MD.6.0. Listening: Students will demonstrate effective listening to learn, process, and analyze information.

6.A.1. Listening: Demonstrate active listening strategies.

6.A.1.a. Attend to the speaker.

6.A.1.b. Respond appropriately to clarify and understand.

6.A.2. Listening: Comprehend and analyze what is heard.

6.A.2.a. Determine a speaker's general purpose.

6.A.2.b. Identify rhythms and patterns of language, including rhyme and repetition.

6.A.2.c. Demonstrate an understanding of what is heard by retelling, asking questions, and relating prior knowledge.

6.A.2.d. Follow a set of multi-step directions.

6.A.2.e. Listen carefully to expand and enrich vocabulary.

6.A.2.f. Make judgments based on information from the speaker.

MD.7.0. Speaking: Student will communicate effectively in a variety of situations with different audiences, purposes, and formats.

7.A.1. Speaking: Use organization and delivery strategies.

7.A.1.a. Speak clearly enough to be heard and understood in a variety of settings.

7.A.1.b. Use verbal and non-verbal techniques useful in communication, such as volume and/or gestures.

7.A.2. Speaking: Make oral presentations.

7.A.2.a. Speak in a variety of situations to inform and/or relate experiences, including retelling stories.

7.A.2.b. State a position and support it with reasons.

7.A.2.c. Use props when appropriate.