Louisiana State Standards for Language Arts: Grade 9

LA.ELA-1. Students read, comprehend, and respond to a range of materials, using a variety of strategies for different purposes.

ELA-1-H1 Using knowledge of word meaning and extending basic and technical vocabulary, employing a variety of strategies (e.g., contexts, connotations and denotations, word derivations, relationships, inferences).

ELA-1-H1-GLE 1 Reading and Responding: Extend basic and technical vocabulary using a variety of strategies, including:

ELA-1-H1-GLE 1.a. Use of context clues.

ELA-1-H1-GLE 1.b. Use of knowledge of Greek and Latin roots and affixes.

ELA-1-H1-GLE 1.c. Use of denotative and connotative meanings.

ELA-1-H1-GLE 1.d. Tracing etymology (ELA-1-H1)

ELA-1-H2 Analyzing and evaluating the effects of complex elements and complex literary devices (e.g., irony, sarcasm, ambiguity) on the meaning and purpose of a selection.

ELA-1-H2-GLE 2 Reading and Responding: Identify and explain story elements, including:

ELA-1-H2-GLE 2.a. The author's use of direct and indirect characterization.

ELA-1-H2-GLE 2.b. The author's pacing of action and use of plot development, subplots, parallel episodes, and climax to impact the reader.

ELA-1-H2-GLE 2.c. The revelation of character through dialect, dialogue, dramatic monologues, and soliloquies (ELA-1-H2)

ELA-1-H2-GLE 3 Reading and Responding: Identify and explain the significance of literary devices, including:

ELA-1-H2-GLE 3.a. Mixed metaphors.

ELA-1-H2-GLE 3.b. Imagery.

ELA-1-H2-GLE 3.c. Symbolism.

ELA-1-H2-GLE 3.d. Flashback.

ELA-1-H2-GLE 3.e. Foreshadowing.

ELA-1-H2-GLE 3.f. Sarcasm/irony.

ELA-1-H2-GLE 3.g. Implied metaphors.

ELA-1-H2-GLE 3.h. Oxymoron (ELA-1-H2)

ELA-1-H3 Reading, comprehending, and responding to extended, complex written, spoken, and visual texts (e.g., ranging from 600-1,500 words).

ELA-1-H3-GLE 4 Reading and Responding: Draw conclusions and make inferences in oral and written responses about ideas and information in texts, including:

ELA-1-H3-GLE 4.a. Nonfiction works.

ELA-1-H3-GLE 4.b. Short stories/novels.

ELA-1-H3-GLE 4.c. Five-act plays.

ELA-1-H3-GLE 4.d. Poetry/epics.

ELA-1-H3-GLE 4.e. Film/visual texts.

ELA-1-H3-GLE 4.f. Consumer/instructional materials.

ELA-1-H3-GLE 4.g. Public documents (ELA-1-H3)

ELA-1-H4 Analyzing and evaluating complex texts with supportive explanations to generate connections to real-life situations and other texts (e.g., consumer materials, public documents).

ELA-1-H4-GLE 5 Reading and Responding: Explain ways in which ideas and information in a variety of texts (e.g., scientific reports, technical guidelines, business memos, literary texts) connect to real-life situations and other texts (ELA-1-H4)

ELA-1-H5 Adjusting reading rate according to texts and purposes for reading (e.g., analyzing, synthesizing, evaluating).

LA.ELA-2. Students write competently for a variety of purposes and audiences.

ELA-2-H1 Writing compositions (250-300 words) that employ specific organizational elements (e.g., spatial order, order of importance, ascending/descending order, chronological order) and clearly imply a central idea with supporting details in a logical, sequential order.

ELA-2-H1-GLE 15 Writing: Develop organized, coherent paragraphs that include the following:

ELA-2-H1-GLE 15.a. Topic sentences.

ELA-2-H1-GLE 15.b. Logical sequence.

ELA-2-H1-GLE 15.c. Transitional words and phrases.

ELA-2-H1-GLE 15.d. Appropriate closing sentences.

ELA-2-H1-GLE 15.e. Parallel construction where appropriate (ELA-2-H1)

ELA-2-H1-GLE 16 Writing: Develop multiparagraph compositions organized with the following:

ELA-2-H1-GLE 16.a. A clearly stated central idea or thesis statement.

ELA-2-H1-GLE 16.b. A clear, overall structure that includes an introduction, a body, and an appropriate conclusion.

ELA-2-H1-GLE 16.c. Supporting paragraphs appropriate to the topic organized in a logical sequence (e.g., spatial order, order of importance, ascending/descending order, chronological order, parallel construction).

ELA-2-H1-GLE 16.d. Transitional words and phrases that unify throughout (ELA-2-H1)

ELA-2-H2 Using language, concepts, and ideas that show an awareness of the intended audience and/or purpose (e.g., classroom, real-life, workplace) in developing extended complex compositions.

ELA-2-H2-GLE 17 Writing: Develop complex compositions on student- or teacher-selected topics that are suited to an identified audience and purpose and that include the following:

ELA-2-H2-GLE 17.a. Word choices appropriate to the identified audience and/or purpose.

ELA-2-H2-GLE 17.b. Vocabulary selected to clarify meaning, create images, and set a tone.

ELA-2-H2-GLE 17.c. Information/ideas selected to engage the interest of the reader.

ELA-2-H2-GLE 17.d. Clear voice (individual personality) (ELA-2-H2)

ELA-2-H3 Applying the steps of the writing process, emphasizing revising and editing in final drafts.

ELA-2-H3-GLE 18 Writing: Develop complex compositions using writing processes, including:

ELA-2-H3-GLE 18.a. Selecting topic and form (e.g., determining a purpose and audience).

ELA-2-H3-GLE 18.b. Prewriting (e.g., brainstorming, clustering, outlining, generating main idea/thesis statements).

ELA-2-H3-GLE 18.c. Drafting.

ELA-2-H3-GLE 18.d. Conferencing (e.g., peer and teacher).

ELA-2-H3-GLE 18.e. Revising for content and structure based on feedback.

ELA-2-H3-GLE 18.f. Proofreading/editing to improve conventions of language.

ELA-2-H3-GLE 18.g. Publishing using technology (ELA-2-H3)

ELA-2-H4 Using narration, description, exposition, and persuasion to develop various modes of writing (e.g., editorials, critical analyses).

ELA-2-H4-GLE 19 Writing: Develop paragraphs and complex, multiparagraph compositions using all modes of writing (description, narration, exposition, and persuasion) emphasizing exposition and persuasion (ELA-2-H4)

ELA-2-H5 Applying literary devices and various stylistic elements (e.g., diction, sentence structure, voice, tone).

ELA-2-H5-GLE 20 Writing: Develop paragraphs and complex, multiparagraph compositions that include complex stylistic features, including:

ELA-2-H5-GLE 20.a. Literary devices such as student-composed oxymoron, touches of sarcasm, and/or irony.

ELA-2-H5-GLE 20.b. Vocabulary and phrasing that reflect an individual character (voice).

ELA-2-H5-GLE 20.c. A variety of sentence lengths and structures, including simple, compound, and complex (ELA-2-H5)

ELA-2-H6 Writing as a response to texts and life experiences (e.g., technical writing, resumes).

ELA-2-H6-GLE 21 Writing: Write for various purposes, including:

ELA-2-H6-GLE 21.a. Formal and business letters, such as letters of complaint and requests for information.

ELA-2-H6-GLE 21.b. Letters to the editor.

ELA-2-H6-GLE 21.c. Job applications.

ELA-2-H6-GLE 21.d. Text-supported interpretations that connect life experiences to works of literature (ELA-2-H6)

LA.ELA-3. Students communicate using standard English grammar, usage, sentence structure, punctuation, capitalization, spelling, and handwriting.

ELA-3-H1 Writing fluidly and legibly in cursive or printed form.

ELA-3-H2 Using the grammatical and mechanical conventions of standard English.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 22 Writing/Proofreading: Apply standard rules of sentence formation, avoiding common errors, such as:

ELA-3-H2-GLE 22.a. Fragments.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 22.b. Run-on sentences.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 22.c. Syntax problems (ELA-3-H2)

ELA-3-H2-GLE 23 Writing/Proofreading: Apply standard rules of usage, including:

ELA-3-H2-GLE 23.a. Making subjects and verbs agree.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 23.b. Using verbs in appropriate tenses.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 23.c. Making pronouns agree with antecedents.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 23.d. Using pronouns appropriately in nominative, objective, and possessive cases.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 23.e. Using adjectives in comparative and superlative degrees and adverbs correctly.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 23.f. Avoiding double negatives.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 23.g. Using all parts of speech appropriately (ELA-3-H2)

ELA-3-H2-GLE 24 Writing/Proofreading: Apply standard rules of mechanics, including:

ELA-3-H2-GLE 24.a. Using commas to set off appositives or parenthetical phrases.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 24.b. Using quotation marks to set off titles of short works.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 24.c. Using colons preceding a list and after a salutation in a business letter.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 24.d. Using standard capitalization for names of political and ethnic groups, religions, and continents (ELA-3-H2)

ELA-3-H3 Spelling accurately using strategies and resources (e.g., technical glossary, specialized dictionary) when necessary.

ELA-3-H3-GLE 25 Writing/Proofreading: Use correct spelling conventions when writing and editing (ELA-3-H3)

ELA-3-H3-GLE 26 Writing/Proofreading: Use a variety of resources, such as dictionaries, thesauruses, glossaries, technology, and textual features (e.g., definitional footnotes, sidebars) to verify word spellings (ELA-3-H3)

LA.ELA-4. Students demonstrate competence in speaking and listening as tools for learning and communicating.

ELA-4-H1 Demonstrating control of grammar, standard English pronunciation, and diction in the delivery of focused and coherent oral communication.

ELA-4-H1-GLE 27 Speaking and Listening: Use standard English grammar, diction, and syntax when responding to questions, participating in informal group discussions, and making presentations (ELA-4-H1)

ELA-4-H1-GLE 28 Speaking and Listening: Select language appropriate to specific purposes and audiences when speaking, including:

ELA-4-H1-GLE 28.a. Delivering informational/book reports in class.

ELA-4-H1-GLE 28.b. Conducting interviews/surveys of classmates or the general public.

ELA-4-H1-GLE 28.c. Participating in class discussions (ELA-4-H1)

ELA-4-H2 Giving and following directions/procedures.

ELA-4-H2-GLE 29 Speaking and Listening: Listen to oral instructions and presentations, speeches, discussions, and carry out procedures, including:

ELA-4-H2-GLE 29.a. Taking accurate notes.

ELA-4-H2-GLE 29.b. Writing summaries or responses.

ELA-4-H2-GLE 29.c. Forming groups (ELA-4-H2)

ELA-4-H2-GLE 30 Speaking and Listening: Organize and use precise language to deliver oral directions and instructions about general, technical, or scientific topics (ELA-4-H2)

ELA-4-H3 Using the features of speaking (e.g., audience analysis, message construction, delivery, interpretation of feedback) when giving prepared and impromptu presentations.

ELA-4-H3-GLE 31 Speaking and Listening: Deliver oral presentations that include the following:

ELA-4-H3-GLE 31.a. Phrasing, enunciation, voice modulation, verbal and nonverbal techniques, and inflection adjusted to stress important ideas and impact audience response.

ELA-4-H3-GLE 31.b. Language choices selected to suit the content and context.

ELA-4-H3-GLE 31.c. An organization that includes an introduction, relevant details that develop the topic, and a conclusion (ELA-4-H3)

ELA-4-H4 Speaking and listening for a variety of audiences (e.g., classroom, real-life, workplace) and purposes (e.g., awareness, concentration, enjoyment, information, problem solving).

ELA-4-H4-GLE 32 Speaking and Listening: Use active listening strategies, including:

ELA-4-H4-GLE 32.a. Monitoring messages for clarity.

ELA-4-H4-GLE 32.b. Selecting and organizing essential information.

ELA-4-H4-GLE 32.c. Noting cues such as changes in pace.

ELA-4-H4-GLE 32.d. Generating and asking questions concerning a speaker's content, delivery, and attitude toward the subject (ELA-4-H4)

ELA-4-H4-GLE 33 Speaking and Listening: Deliver clear, coherent, and concise oral presentations about information and ideas in texts (ELA-4-H4)

ELA-4-H5 Listening and responding to a wide variety of media (e.g., CD-ROM).

ELA-4-H5-GLE 34 Speaking and Listening: Analyze media information in oral and written responses, including:

ELA-4-H5-GLE 34.a. Summarizing the coverage of a media event.

ELA-4-H5-GLE 34.b. Comparing messages from different media (ELA-4-H5)

ELA-4-H6 Participating in a variety of roles in group discussion (e.g., mediator).

ELA-4-H6-GLE 35 Speaking and Listening: Participate in group and panel discussions, including:

ELA-4-H6-GLE 35.a. Identifying the strengths and talents of other participants.

ELA-4-H6-GLE 35.b. Acting as facilitator, recorder, leader, listener, or mediator.

ELA-4-H6-GLE 35.c. Evaluating the effectiveness of participant's performance (ELA-4-H6)

LA.ELA-5. Students locate, select, and synthesize information from a variety of texts, media, references, and technological source acquire and communicate knowledge.

ELA-5-H1 Evaluating and using organizational features of printed text, other media, and electronic information (e.g., citations, endnotes, bibliographic references,).

ELA-5-H1-GLE 36 Information Resources: Identify and use organizational features to locate relevant information for research projects using a variety of resources, including:

ELA-5-H1-GLE 36.a. Print resources (e.g., prefaces, appendices, annotations, citations, bibliographic references).

ELA-5-H1-GLE 36.b. Electronic texts (e.g., database keyword searches, search engines, e-mail addresses) (ELA-5-H1)

ELA-5-H2 Synthesizing information sources.

ELA-5-H2-GLE 37 Information Resources: Locate, analyze, and synthesize information from a variety of grade-appropriate resources, including:

ELA-5-H2-GLE 37.a. Multiple printed texts (e.g., encyclopedias, atlases, library catalogs, specialized dictionaries, almanacs, technical encyclopedias, and periodicals).

ELA-5-H2-GLE 37.b. Electronic sources (e.g., Web sites, databases).

ELA-5-H2-GLE 37.c. Other media sources (e.g., community and government data, television and radio resources, and other audio and visual materials) (ELA-5-H2)

ELA-5-H2-GLE 38 Information Resources: Analyze the usefulness and accuracy of sources by determining their validity (e.g., authority, accuracy, objectivity, publication date, and coverage) (ELA-5-H2)

ELA-5-H3 Accessing information and conducting research using a variety of primary and secondary sources to produce formal papers.

ELA-5-H3-GLE 39 Information Resources: Access information and conduct research using various grade-appropriate, data-gathering strategies/tools, including:

ELA-5-H3-GLE 39.a. Formulating clear research questions.

ELA-5-H3-GLE 39.b. Gathering evidence from primary and secondary sources.

ELA-5-H3-GLE 39.c. Using graphic organizers (e.g., outlining, charts, timelines, webs).

ELA-5-H3-GLE 39.d. Compiling and organizing information to support the central ideas, concepts, and themes of formal papers or presentations (ELA-5-H3)

ELA-5-H3-GLE 40 Information Resources: Write a variety of research reports, which include the following:

ELA-5-H3-GLE 40.a. Research supporting the main ideas.

ELA-5-H3-GLE 40.b. Facts, details, examples, and explanations from sources.

ELA-5-H3-GLE 40.c. Graphics when appropriate.

ELA-5-H3-GLE 40.d. Complete documentation (e.g., endnotes, parenthetical citations, works cited lists or bibliographies) (ELA-5-H3)

ELA-5-H4 Using available technology to produce, revise, and publish a variety of works (e.g., abstracts, analytical reports, summative research).

ELA-5-H4-GLE 41 Information Resources: Use word processing and/or other technology (e.g., illustration, page-layout, Web-design programs) to draft, revise, and publish various works, including research reports documented with parenthetical citations and bibliographies or works cited lists (ELA-5-H4)

ELA-5-H5 Citing references using various formats (e.g., parenthetical citations).

ELA-5-H5-GLE 42 Information Resources: Give credit for borrowed information in grade-appropriate research reports following acceptable use policy, including:

ELA-5-H5-GLE 42.a. Using parenthetical documentation to integrate quotes and citations.

ELA-5-H5-GLE 42.b. Preparing bibliographies and/or works cited list (ELA-5-H5)

ELA-5-H6 Analyzing and synthesizing graphic organizers (e.g., organizational charts, concept maps, comparative tables).

ELA-5-H6-GLE 43 Information Resources: Analyze information found in a variety of complex graphic organizers, including detailed maps, comparative charts, extended tables, graphs, diagrams, cutaways, overlays, and sidebars to determine usefulness for research (ELA-5-H6)

LA.ELA-6. Students read, analyze, and respond to literature as a record of life experiences.

ELA-6-H1 Analyzing, evaluating, and responding to United States and world literature that represents the experiences and traditions of diverse ethnic groups.

ELA-6-H1-GLE 6 Reading and Responding: Compare/contrast cultural elements including a group's history, perspectives, and language found in multicultural texts in oral and written responses (ELA-6-H1)

ELA-6-H2 Analyzing and evaluating distinctive elements (e.g., recurrent themes, historical significance, literary techniques) of ancient, American, British, and world literature.

ELA-6-H2-GLE 7 Reading and Responding: Identify and explain connections between historical contexts and works of various authors, including Homer, Sophocles, and Shakespeare (ELA-6-H2)

ELA-6-H2-GLE 8 Reading and Responding: Identify and explain recurrent themes in world literature (ELA-6-H2)

ELA-6-H3 Analyzing, and synthesizing a variety of classic and contemporary fiction and non-fiction literature from many genres (e.g., epics).

ELA-6-H3-GLE 9 Reading and Responding: Analyze in oral and written responses distinctive elements (including theme, structure, characterization) of a variety of literary forms and types, including:

ELA-6-H3-GLE 9.a. Essays by early and modern writers.

ELA-6-H3-GLE 9.b. Epic poetry such as The Odyssey.

ELA-6-H3-GLE 9.c. Forms of lyric and narrative poetry such as ballads and sonnets.

ELA-6-H3-GLE 9.d. Drama, including ancient, Renaissance, and modern.

ELA-6-H3-GLE 9.e. Short stories and novels.

ELA-6-H3-GLE 9.f. Biographies and autobiographies (ELA-6-H3)

ELA-6-H4 Analyzing and responding to various genres as records of life experiences.

ELA-6-H4-GLE 10 Reading and Responding: Identify and explain in oral and written responses ways in which particular genres reflect life experiences, for example:

ELA-6-H4-GLE 10.a. An essay expresses a point of view.

ELA-6-H4-GLE 10.b. A legend chronicles the life of a cultural hero.

ELA-6-H4-GLE 10.c. A short story or novel provides a vicarious life experience (ELA-6-H4)

LA.ELA-7. Students apply reasoning and problem-solving skills to reading, writing, speaking, listening, viewing, and visually representing.

ELA-7-H1 Using comprehension strategies (e.g., synthesizing, critiquing) to evaluate oral, written, and visual texts.

ELA-7-H1-GLE 11 Reading and Responding: Demonstrate understanding of information in grade-appropriate texts using a variety of strategies, including:

ELA-7-H1-GLE 11.a. Summarizing and paraphrasing information and story elements.

ELA-7-H1-GLE 11.b. Comparing and contrasting information in texts, including televised news, news magazines, documentaries, and online information.

ELA-7-H1-GLE 11.c. Comparing and contrasting complex literary elements, devices, and ideas within and across texts.

ELA-7-H1-GLE 11.d. Examining the sequence of information and procedures in order to critique the logic or development of ideas in texts.

ELA-7-H1-GLE 11.e. Making inferences and drawing conclusions.

ELA-7-H1-GLE 11.f. Making predictions and generalizations (ELA-7-H1)

ELA-7-H2 Using reasoning skills (e.g., analyzing, evaluating), incorporating life experiences, and using available information resources to solve problems in complex oral, written, and visual texts.

ELA-7-H2-GLE 12 Reading and Responding: Solve problems using reasoning skills, including:

ELA-7-H2-GLE 12.a. Using supporting evidence to verify solutions.

ELA-7-H2-GLE 12.b. Analyzing the relationships between prior knowledge and life experiences and information in texts.

ELA-7-H2-GLE 12.c. Using technical information in specialized software programs, manuals, interviews, surveys, and access guides to Web sites (ELA-7-H2)

ELA-7-H3 Analyzing and evaluating the effects of an author's life, culture, and philosophical assumptions as reflected in the author's viewpoint (perspective).

ELA-7-H3-GLE 13 Reading and Responding: Identify and explain the impact of an author's life on themes and issues of a single text or multiple texts by the same author (ELA-7-H3)

ELA-7-H4 Using analytical reasoning skills in a variety of complex oral, written, and visual texts.

ELA-7-H4-GLE 14 Reading and Responding: Analyze information within and across grade-appropriate texts using various reasoning skills, including:

ELA-7-H4-GLE 14.a. Identifying cause-effect relationships.

ELA-7-H4-GLE 14.b. Raising questions.

ELA-7-H4-GLE 14.c. Reasoning inductively and deductively.

ELA-7-H4-GLE 14.d. Generating a theory or hypothesis.

ELA-7-H4-GLE 14.e. Distinguishing facts from opinions and probability (ELA-7-H4)