Louisiana State Standards for Language Arts: Grade 12

LA.ELA-1. Students read, comprehend, and respond to a range of materials, using a variety of strategies for different purposes.

ELA-1-H1 Using knowledge of word meaning and extending basic and technical vocabulary, employing a variety of strategies (e.g., contexts, connotations and denotations, word derivations, relationships, inferences).

ELA-1-H1-GLE 1 Reading and Responding: Extend basic and technical vocabulary using a variety of strategies, including:

ELA-1-H1-GLE 1.a. Analysis of an author's word choice.

ELA-1-H1-GLE 1.b. Use of related forms of words.

ELA-1-H1-GLE 1.c. Analysis of analogous statements (ELA-1-H1)

ELA-1-H2 Analyzing and evaluating the effects of complex elements and complex literary devices (e.g., irony, sarcasm, ambiguity) on the meaning and purpose of a selection.

ELA-1-H2-GLE 2 Reading and Responding: Analyze the significance of complex literary and rhetorical devices in American, British, or world texts, including:

ELA-1-H2-GLE 2.a. Apostrophes.

ELA-1-H2-GLE 2.b. Rhetorical questions.

ELA-1-H2-GLE 2.c. Metaphysical conceits.

ELA-1-H2-GLE 2.d. Implicit metaphors (metonymy and synecdoche) (ELA-1-H2)

ELA-1-H3 Reading, comprehending, and responding to extended, complex written, spoken, and visual texts (e.g., ranging from 600-1,500 words).

ELA-1-H3-GLE 3 Reading and Responding: Draw conclusions and make inferences about ideas and information in complex texts in oral and written responses, including:

ELA-1-H3-GLE 3.a. Fiction/nonfiction.

ELA-1-H3-GLE 3.b. Drama/poetry.

ELA-1-H3-GLE 3.c. Public documents.

ELA-1-H3-GLE 3.d. Film/visual texts.

ELA-1-H3-GLE 3.e. Debates/speeches (ELA-1-H3)

ELA-1-H4 Analyzing and evaluating complex texts with supportive explanations to generate connections to real-life situations and other texts (e.g., consumer materials, public documents).

ELA-1-H4-GLE 4 Reading and Responding: Evaluate ways in which the main idea, rationale or thesis, and information in complex texts, including consumer, workplace, public, and historical documents, represent a view or comment on life (ELA-1-H4)

ELA-1-H5 Adjusting reading rate according to texts and purposes for reading (e.g., analyzing, synthesizing, evaluating).

LA.ELA-2. Students write competently for a variety of purposes and audiences.

ELA-2-H1 Writing compositions (250-300 words) that employ specific organizational elements (e.g., spatial order, order of importance, ascending/descending order, chronological order) and clearly imply a central idea with supporting details in a logical, sequential order.

ELA-2-H1-GLE 14 Writing: Develop complex compositions, essays, and reports that include the following:

ELA-2-H1-GLE 14.a. A clearly stated central idea/thesis statement.

ELA-2-H1-GLE 14.b. A clear, overall structure (e.g., introduction, body, appropriate conclusion).

ELA-2-H1-GLE 14.c. Supporting paragraphs organized in a logical sequence (e.g., spatial order, order of importance, ascending/descending order, chronological order, parallel construction).

ELA-2-H1-GLE 14.d. Transitional words, phrases, and devices that unify throughout (ELA-2-H1)

ELA-2-H2 Using language, concepts, and ideas that show an awareness of the intended audience and/or purpose (e.g., classroom, real-life, workplace) in developing extended complex compositions.

ELA-2-H2-GLE 15 Writing: Develop complex compositions on student- or teacher-selected topics that are suited to an identified audience and purpose and that include the following:

ELA-2-H2-GLE 15.a. Word choices appropriate to the identified audience and/or purpose.

ELA-2-H2-GLE 15.b. Vocabulary selected to clarify meaning, create images, and set a tone.

ELA-2-H2-GLE 15.c. Information/ideas selected to engage the interest of the reader.

ELA-2-H2-GLE 15.d. Clear voice (individual personality) (ELA-2-H2)

ELA-2-H3 Applying the steps of the writing process, emphasizing revising and editing in final drafts.

ELA-2-H3-GLE 16 Writing: Develop complex compositions using writing processes such as the following:

ELA-2-H3-GLE 16.a. Selecting topic and form (e.g., determining a purpose and audience).

ELA-2-H3-GLE 16.b. Prewriting (e.g., brainstorming, clustering, outlining, generating main idea/thesis statements).

ELA-2-H3-GLE 16.c. Drafting.

ELA-2-H3-GLE 16.d. Conferencing with peers and teachers.

ELA-2-H3-GLE 16.e. Revising for content and structure based on feedback.

ELA-2-H3-GLE 16.f. Proofreading/editing to improve conventions of language.

ELA-2-H3-GLE 16.g. Publishing using available technology (ELA-2-H3)

ELA-2-H4 Using narration, description, exposition, and persuasion to develop various modes of writing (e.g., editorials, critical analyses).

ELA-2-H4-GLE 17 Writing: Use the various modes to write complex compositions, including:

ELA-2-H4-GLE 17.a. Definition essay.

ELA-2-H4-GLE 17.b. Problem/solution essay.

ELA-2-H4-GLE 17.c. A research project.

ELA-2-H4-GLE 17.d. Literary analyses that incorporate research.

ELA-2-H4-GLE 17.e. Cause-effect essay.

ELA-2-H4-GLE 17.f. Process analyses.

ELA-2-H4-GLE 17.g. Persuasive essays (ELA-2-H4)

ELA-2-H5 Applying literary devices and various stylistic elements (e.g., diction, sentence structure, voice, tone).

ELA-2-H5-GLE 18 Writing: Develop writing/compositions using a variety of complex literary and rhetorical devices (ELA-2-H5)

ELA-2-H5-GLE 19 Writing: Extend development of individual style to include the following:

ELA-2-H5-GLE 19.a. Avoidance of overused words, cliches, and jargon.

ELA-2-H5-GLE 19.b. A variety of sentence structures and patterns.

ELA-2-H5-GLE 19.c. Diction that sets tone and mood.

ELA-2-H5-GLE 19.d. Vocabulary and phrasing that reflect the character and temperament (voice) of the writer (ELA-2-H5)

ELA-2-H6 Writing as a response to texts and life experiences (e.g., technical writing, resumes).

ELA-2-H6-GLE 20 Writing: Write for various purposes, including:

ELA-2-H6-GLE 20.a. Interpretations/explanations that connect life experiences to works of American, British, and world literature.

ELA-2-H6-GLE 20.b. Functional documents (e.g., resumes, memos, proposals) (ELA-2-H6)

LA.ELA-3. Students communicate using standard English grammar, usage, sentence structure, punctuation, capitalization, spelling, and handwriting.

ELA-3-H1 Writing fluidly and legibly in cursive or printed form.

ELA-3-H2 Using the grammatical and mechanical conventions of standard English.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 21 Writing/Proofreading: Apply standard rules of sentence formation, including parallel structure (ELA-3-H2)

ELA-3-H2-GLE 22 Writing/Proofreading: Apply standard rules of usage, for example:

ELA-3-H2-GLE 22.a. Avoid splitting infinitives.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 22.b. Use the subjunctive mood appropriately (ELA-3-H2)

ELA-3-H2-GLE 23 Writing/Proofreading: Apply standard rules of mechanics and punctuation, including:

ELA-3-H2-GLE 23.a. Parentheses.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 23.b. Brackets.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 23.c. Dashes.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 23.d. Commas after introductory adverb clauses and long introductory phrases.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 23.e. Quotation marks for secondary quotations.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 23.f. Internal capitalization.

ELA-3-H2-GLE 23.g. Manuscript form (ELA-3-H2)

ELA-3-H3 Spelling accurately using strategies and resources (e.g., technical glossary, specialized dictionary) when necessary.

ELA-3-H3-GLE 24 Writing/Proofreading: Use a variety of resources (e.g., dictionaries, thesauruses, glossaries, technology) and textual features, (e.g., definitional footnotes, sidebars) to verify word spellings (ELA-3-H3)

LA.ELA-4. Students demonstrate competence in speaking and listening as tools for learning and communicating.

ELA-4-H1 Demonstrating control of grammar, standard English pronunciation, and diction in the delivery of focused and coherent oral communication.

ELA-4-H1-GLE 25 Speaking and Listening: Use standard English grammar, diction, and syntax when speaking in formal presentations and informal group discussions (ELA-4-H1)

ELA-4-H1-GLE 26 Speaking and Listening: Select language appropriate to specific purposes and audiences for speaking, including:

ELA-4-H1-GLE 26.a. Delivering informational/book reports in class.

ELA-4-H1-GLE 26.b. Conducting interviews/surveys of classmates or the general public.

ELA-4-H1-GLE 26.c. Participating in class discussions (ELA-4-H1)

ELA-4-H2 Giving and following directions/procedures.

ELA-4-H2-GLE 27 Speaking and Listening: Listen to detailed oral instructions and presentations and carry out complex procedures, including:

ELA-4-H2-GLE 27.a. Reading and questioning.

ELA-4-H2-GLE 27.b. Writing responses.

ELA-4-H2-GLE 27.c. Forming groups.

ELA-4-H2-GLE 27.d. Taking accurate, detailed notes (ELA-4-H2)

ELA-4-H2-GLE 28 Speaking and Listening: Organize and use precise language to deliver complex oral directions or instructions about general, technical, or scientific topics (ELA-4-H2)

ELA-4-H3 Using the features of speaking (e.g., audience analysis, message construction, delivery, interpretation of feedback) when giving prepared and impromptu presentations.

ELA-4-H3-GLE 29 Speaking and Listening: Deliver presentations that include the following:

ELA-4-H3-GLE 29.a. Language, diction, and syntax selected to suit a purpose and impact an audience.

ELA-4-H3-GLE 29.b. Delivery techniques including repetition, eye contact, and appeal to emotion suited to a purpose and audience.

ELA-4-H3-GLE 29.c. An organization that includes an introduction, relevant examples, and/or anecdotes, and a conclusion arranged to impact an audience (ELA-4-H3)

ELA-4-H4 Speaking and listening for a variety of audiences (e.g., classroom, real-life, workplace) and purposes (e.g., awareness, concentration, enjoyment, information, problem solving).

ELA-4-H4-GLE 30 Speaking and Listening: Use active listening strategies, including:

ELA-4-H4-GLE 30.a. Monitoring messages for clarity.

ELA-4-H4-GLE 30.b. Selecting and organizing information.

ELA-4-H4-GLE 30.c. Noting cues such as changes in pace (ELA-4-H4)

ELA-4-H4-GLE 31 Speaking and Listening: Deliver oral presentations, including:

ELA-4-H4-GLE 31.a. Speeches that use appropriate rhetorical strategies.

ELA-4-H4-GLE 31.b. Responses that analyze information in texts and media.

ELA-4-H4-GLE 31.c. Persuasive arguments that clarify or defend positions (ELA-4-H4)

ELA-4-H5 Listening and responding to a wide variety of media (e.g., CD-ROM).

ELA-4-H5-GLE 32 Speaking and Listening: Give oral and written analyses of media information, including:

ELA-4-H5-GLE 32.a. Identifying logical fallacies (e.g., attack ad hominem, false causality, overgeneralization, bandwagon effect) used in oral addresses.

ELA-4-H5-GLE 32.b. Analyzing the techniques used in media messages for a particular audience.

ELA-4-H5-GLE 32.c. Critiquing a speaker's diction and syntax in relation to the purpose of an oral presentation.

ELA-4-H5-GLE 32.d. Critiquing strategies (e.g., advertisements, propaganda techniques, visual representations, special effects) used by the media to inform, persuade, entertain, and transmit culture (ELA-4-H5)

ELA-4-H6 Participating in a variety of roles in group discussion (e.g., mediator).

ELA-4-H6-GLE 33 Speaking and Listening: Participate in group and panel discussions, including:

ELA-4-H6-GLE 33.a. Identifying the strengths and talents of other participants.

ELA-4-H6-GLE 33.b. Acting as facilitator, recorder, leader, listener, or mediator.

ELA-4-H6-GLE 33.c. Evaluating the effectiveness of participants' performance (ELA-4-H6)

LA.ELA-5. Students locate, select, and synthesize information from a variety of texts, media, references, and technological source acquire and communicate knowledge.

ELA-5-H1 Evaluating and using organizational features of printed text, other media, and electronic information (e.g., citations, endnotes, bibliographic references,).

ELA-5-H1-GLE 34 Information Resources: Select and critique relevant information for a research project using the organizational features of a variety resources, including:

ELA-5-H1-GLE 34.a. Print texts (e.g., prefaces, appendices, annotations, citations, bibliographic references).

ELA-5-H1-GLE 34.b. Electronic texts (e.g., database keyword searches, search engines, e-mail addresses) (ELA-5-H1)

ELA-5-H2 Synthesizing information sources.

ELA-5-H2-GLE 35 Information Resources: Locate, analyze, and synthesize information from a variety of complex resources, including:

ELA-5-H2-GLE 35.a. Multiple print texts (e.g., encyclopedias, atlases, library catalogs, specialized dictionaries, almanacs, technical encyclopedias, and periodicals).

ELA-5-H2-GLE 35.b. Electronic sources (e.g., Web sites or databases).

ELA-5-H2-GLE 35.c. Other media (e.g., community and government data, television and radio resources, and audio and visual materials) (ELA-5-H2)

ELA-5-H2-GLE 36 Information Resources: Analyze the usefulness and accuracy of sources by determining their validity (e.g., authority, accuracy, objectivity, publication date, coverage) (ELA-5-H2)

ELA-5-H3 Accessing information and conducting research using a variety of primary and secondary sources to produce formal papers.

ELA-5-H3-GLE 37 Information Resources: Access information and conduct research using various grade-appropriate data-gathering strategies/tools, including:

ELA-5-H3-GLE 37.a. Formulating clear research questions.

ELA-5-H3-GLE 37.b. Evaluating the validity and/or reliability of primary and/or secondary sources.

ELA-5-H3-GLE 37.c. Using graphic organizers (e.g., outlining, charts, timelines, webs).

ELA-5-H3-GLE 37.d. Compiling and organizing information to support the central ideas, concepts, and themes of a formal paper or presentation.

ELA-5-H3-GLE 37.e. Preparing annotated bibliographies and anecdotal scripts (ELA-5-H3)

ELA-5-H3-GLE 38 Information Resources: Write extended research reports (e.g., historical investigations, reports about high interest and library subjects) which include the following:

ELA-5-H3-GLE 38.a. Researched information that supports main ideas.

ELA-5-H3-GLE 38.b. Facts, details, examples, and explanations from sources.

ELA-5-H3-GLE 38.c. Graphics when appropriate.

ELA-5-H3-GLE 38.d. Complete documentation (e.g., endnotes or parenthetical citations, works cited lists or bibliographies) consistent with a specified style guide (ELA-5-H3)

ELA-5-H4 Using available technology to produce, revise, and publish a variety of works (e.g., abstracts, analytical reports, summative research).

ELA-5-H4-GLE 39 Information Resources: Use word processing and/or technology to draft, revise, and publish various works, including:

ELA-5-H4-GLE 39.a. Functional documents (e.g., requests for information, resumes, letters of complaint, memos, proposals), using formatting techniques that make the document user friendly.

ELA-5-H4-GLE 39.b. Analytical reports that include databases, graphics, and spreadsheets.

ELA-5-H4-GLE 39.c. Research reports on high-interest and literary topics (ELA-5-H4)

ELA-5-H5 Citing references using various formats (e.g., parenthetical citations).

ELA-5-H5-GLE 40 Information Resources: Use selected style guides to produce complex reports that include the following:

ELA-5-H5-GLE 40.a. Credit for sources (e.g., appropriate parenthetical documentation and notes).

ELA-5-H5-GLE 40.b. Standard formatting for source acknowledgment (ELA-5-H5)

ELA-5-H6 Analyzing and synthesizing graphic organizers (e.g., organizational charts, concept maps, comparative tables).

ELA-5-H6-GLE 41 Information Resources: Analyze and synthesize information found in various complex graphic organizers, including detailed maps, comparative charts, extended tables, graphs, diagrams, cutaways, overlays, and sidebars (ELA-5-H6)

LA.ELA-6. Students read, analyze, and respond to literature as a record of life experiences.

ELA-6-H1 Analyzing, evaluating, and responding to United States and world literature that represents the experiences and traditions of diverse ethnic groups.

ELA-6-H1-GLE 5 Reading and Responding: Analyze and critique the impact of historical periods, diverse ethnic groups, and major influences (e.g., philosophical, political, religious, ethical, social) on American, British, or world literature in oral and written responses (ELA-6-H1)

ELA-6-H2 Analyzing and evaluating distinctive elements (e.g., recurrent themes, historical significance, literary techniques) of ancient, American, British, and world literature.

ELA-6-H2-GLE 6 Reading and Responding: Analyze and explain the significance of literary forms, techniques, characteristics, and recurrent themes of major literary periods in ancient, American, British, or world literature (ELA-6-H2)

ELA-6-H3 Analyzing, and synthesizing a variety of classic and contemporary fiction and non-fiction literature from many genres (e.g., epics).

ELA-6-H3-GLE 7 Reading and Responding: Analyze and synthesize in oral and written responses distinctive elements (e.g., structure) of a variety of literary forms and types, including:

ELA-6-H3-GLE 7.a. Essays and memoirs by early and modern essay writers.

ELA-6-H3-GLE 7.b. Epic poetry such as Beowulf.

ELA-6-H3-GLE 7.c. Forms of lyric and narrative poetry such as the ballad, sonnets, pastorals, elegies, and the dramatic monologue.

ELA-6-H3-GLE 7.d. Drama, including ancient, Renaissance, and modern comedies and tragedies.

ELA-6-H3-GLE 7.e. Short stories, novellas, and novels.

ELA-6-H3-GLE 7.f. Biographies and autobiographies.

ELA-6-H3-GLE 7.g. Speeches (ELA-6-H3)

ELA-6-H4 Analyzing and responding to various genres as records of life experiences.

ELA-6-H4-GLE 8 Reading and Responding: Analyze in oral and written responses the ways in which works of ancient, American, British, or world literature represent views or comments on life, for example:

ELA-6-H4-GLE 8.a. An autobiography/diary gives insight into a particular time and place.

ELA-6-H4-GLE 8.b. The pastoral idealizes life in the country.

ELA-6-H4-GLE 8.c. The parody mocks people and institutions.

ELA-6-H4-GLE 8.d. An allegory uses fictional figures to express truths about human experiences (ELA-6-H4)

LA.ELA-7. Students apply reasoning and problem-solving skills to reading, writing, speaking, listening, viewing, and visually representing.

ELA-7-H1 Using comprehension strategies (e.g., synthesizing, critiquing) to evaluate oral, written, and visual texts.

ELA-7-H1-GLE 9 Reading and Responding: Demonstrate understanding of information in American, British, and world literature using a variety of strategies, for example:

ELA-7-H1-GLE 9.a. Interpreting and evaluating presentation of events and information.

ELA-7-H1-GLE 9.b. Evaluating the credibility of arguments in nonfiction works.

ELA-7-H1-GLE 9.c. Making inferences and drawing conclusions.

ELA-7-H1-GLE 9.d. Evaluating the author's use of complex literary elements, (e.g., symbolism, themes, characterization, ideas).

ELA-7-H1-GLE 9.e. Comparing and contrasting major periods, themes, styles, and trends within and across texts.

ELA-7-H1-GLE 9.f. Making predictions and generalizations about ideas and information.

ELA-7-H1-GLE 9.g. Critiquing the strengths and weaknesses of ideas and information.

ELA-7-H1-GLE 9.h. Synthesizing (ELA-7-H1)

ELA-7-H2 Using reasoning skills (e.g., analyzing, evaluating), incorporating life experiences, and using available information resources to solve problems in complex oral, written, and visual texts.

ELA-7-H2-GLE 10 Reading and Responding: Identify, gather, and evaluate appropriate sources and relevant information to solve problems using multiple sources, including:

ELA-7-H2-GLE 10.a. School library catalogs.

ELA-7-H2-GLE 10.b. Online databases.

ELA-7-H2-GLE 10.c. Electronic resources.

ELA-7-H2-GLE 10.d. Internet-based resources (ELA-7-H2)

ELA-7-H2-GLE 11 Reading and Responding: Analyze and evaluate the philosophical arguments presented in literary works, including American, British, or world literature (ELA-7-H2)

ELA-7-H3 Analyzing and evaluating the effects of an author's life, culture, and philosophical assumptions as reflected in the author's viewpoint (perspective).

ELA-7-H3-GLE 12 Reading and Responding: Analyze and evaluate works of American, British, or world literature in terms of an author's life, culture, and philosophical assumptions (ELA-7-H3)

ELA-7-H4 Using analytical reasoning skills in a variety of complex oral, written, and visual texts.

ELA-7-H4-GLE 13 Reading and Responding: Analyze information within and across grade-appropriate print and nonprint texts using various reasoning skills, including:

ELA-7-H4-GLE 13.a. Identifying cause-effect relationships.

ELA-7-H4-GLE 13.b. Raising questions.

ELA-7-H4-GLE 13.c. Reasoning inductively and deductively.

ELA-7-H4-GLE 13.d. Generating a theory or hypothesis.

ELA-7-H4-GLE 13.e. Skimming/scanning.

ELA-7-H4-GLE 13.f. Distinguishing facts from opinions and probability (ELA-7-H4)