Idaho State Standards for Science: Grade 12

ID.1. Biology: Nature of Science: Students exercise the basic tenets of scientific investigation, make accurate observations, exercise critical thinking skills, apply proper scientific instruments of investigation and measurement tools, and communicate results in problem solving. Students evaluate the validity of information by utilizing the tools of scientific thinking and investigation. Students summarize their findings by creating lab reports using technical writing including graphs, charts, and diagrams to communicate the results of investigations.

1.1. Understand Systems, Order, and Organization

12.B.1.1.1. The student will be able to explain the scientific meaning of system, order, and organization. (648.01a)

12.B.1.1.2. The student will be able to apply the concepts of order and organization to a given system. (648.01a)

1.2. Understand Concepts and Processes of Evidence, Models, and Explanation

12.B.1.2.1. The student will be able to use observations and data as evidence on which to base scientific explanations. (648.02a)

12.B.1.2.2. The student will be able to develop models to explain concepts or systems. (648.02b)

12.B.1.2.3. The student will be able to develop scientific explanations based on knowledge, logic and analysis. (648.02c)

1.3. Understand Constancy, Change, and Measurement

12.B.1.3.1. The student will be able to measure changes that can occur in and among systems. (648.03b)

12.B.1.3.2. The student will be able to analyze changes that can occur in and among systems. (648.03b)

12.B.1.3.3. The student will be able to measure and calculate using the metric system. (648.03c)

1.4. Understand the Theory that Evolution is a Process that Relates to the Gradual Changes in the Universe and of Equilibrium as a Physical State

12.B.1.4.1. Reference to 7.S.3.2.1. (Grade 7)

1.5. Understand Concepts of Form and Function

12.B.1.5.1. No objectives at this grade level.

1.6. Understand Scientific Inquiry and Develop Critical Thinking Skills

12.B.1.6.1. The student will be able to identify questions and concepts that guide scientific investigations. (649.01a)

12.B.1.6.2. The student will be able to utilize the components of scientific problem solving to design, conduct, and communicate results of investigations. (649.01b)

12.B.1.6.3. The student will be able to use appropriate technology and mathematics to make investigations. (649.01c)

12.B.1.6.4. The student will be able to formulate scientific explanations and models using logic and evidence. (649.01d)

12.B.1.6.5. The student will be able to analyze alternative explanations and models. (649.01e)

12.B.1.6.6. The student will be able to communicate and defend a scientific argument. (649.01f)

12.B.1.6.7. The student will be able to explain the differences among observations, hypotheses, and theories. (649.01g)

1.7. Understand That Interpersonal Relationships Are Important in Scientific Endeavors

12.B.1.7.1. No objectives at this grade level.

1.8. Understand Technical Communication

12.B.1.8.1. The student will be able to analyze technical writing, graphs, charts, and diagrams. (658.02a)

ID.2. Biology: Physical Science

2.1. No goals or objectives at this grade level.

ID.3. Biology: Biology: Students explain the importance of cells as they relate to the organization and structure of complex organisms, differentiation and specialization during development, and the chemical reactions necessary to sustain life. Students describe the functions of cell structures. Students use the theory of evolution to explain diversity of life.

3.1. Understand the Theory of Biological Evolution

12.B.3.1.1. The student will be able to use the theory of evolution to explain how species change over time. (652.01a)

12.B.3.1.2. The student will be able to explain how evolution is the consequence of interactions among the potential of a species to increase its numbers, genetic variability, a finite supply of resources, and the selection by the environment of those offspring better able to survive and reproduce. (652.01a)

3.2. Understand the Relationship between Matter and Energy in Living Systems

12.B.3.2.1. The student will be able to explain how matter tends toward more disorganized states (entropy). (653.01a)

12.B.3.2.2. The student will be able to explain how organisms use the continuous input of energy and matter to maintain their chemical and physical organization. (653.01b)

12.B.3.2.3. The student will be able to show how the energy for life is primarily derived from the sun through photosynthesis. (653.01c)

12.B.3.2.4. The student will be able to describe cellular respiration and the synthesis of macromolecules. (653.01d)

12.B.3.2.5. The student will be able to show how matter cycles and energy flows through the different levels of organization of living systems (cells, organs, organisms, communities) and their environment. (653.01h)

3.3. Understand the Cell is the Basis of Form and Function for All Living Things

12.B.3.3.1. The student will be able to identify the particular structures that underlie the cellular functions. (651.01a)

12.B.3.3.2. The student will be able to explain cell functions involving chemical reactions. (651.01b)

12.B.3.3.3. The student will be able to explain how cells use DNA to store and use information for cell functions. (651.01c)

12.B.3.3.4. The student will be able to explain how selective expression of genes can produce specialized cells from a single cell. (651.01e)

ID.4. Biology: Earth and Space Systems

4.1. No goals or objectives at this grade level.

ID.5. Biology: Personal and Social Perspectives; Technology: Students understand that science and technology interact and impact both society and the environment. Students describe issues such as water and air quality, hazardous waste, renewable and nonrenewable resources.

5.1. Understand Common Environmental Quality Issues, Both Natural and Human Induced

12.B.5.1.1. The student will be able to analyze environmental issues such as water and air quality, hazardous waste, forest health, and agricultural production. (656.01a)

5.2. Understand the Relationship between Science and Technology

12.B.5.2.1. The student will be able to explain how science advances technology. (655.01a)

12.B.5.2.2. The student will be able to explain how technology advances science. (655.01a)

12.B.5.2.3. The student will be able to explain how science and technology are pursued for different purposes. (656.01b)

5.3. Understand the Importance of Natural Resources and the Need to Manage and Conserve Them

12.B.5.3.1. The student will be able to describe the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources. (656.03a)

ID.11-12.C. Chemistry

11-12.C.1. Nature of Science: Students exercise the basic tenets of scientific investigation, make accurate observations, exercise critical thinking skills, apply proper scientific instruments of investigation and measurement tools, and communicate results in problem solving. Students evaluate the validity of information by utilizing the tools of scientific thinking and investigation. Students summarize their findings by creating lab reports using technical writing including graphs, charts, and diagrams to communicate the results of investigations.

11-12.C.1.1. Understand Systems, Order, and Organization

11-12.C.1.1.1 Use the periodic table to predict physical and chemical properties.

11-12.C.1.2. Understand Concepts and Processes of Evidence, Models, and Explanation

11-12.C.1.2.1 Describe the historical development of the periodic table.

11-12.C.1.2.2 Create and interpret graphs of data.

11-12.C.1.2.3 Explain and interpret the key concepts of the kinetic molecular theory.

11-12.C.1.2.4 Distinguish the common theories defining acids and bases.

11-12.C.1.3. Understand Constancy, Change, and Measurement

11-12.C.1.3.1 Identify, compare and contrast physical and chemical properties and changes and appropriate computations.

11-12.C.1.3.2 Perform computations using scientific notation, the metric system and dimensional analysis.

11-12.C.1.3.3 Compute measurement uncertainty to include precision, accuracy and the rules for significant digits.

11-12.C.1.3.4 Perform calculations related to the conversion of grams to moles to particles, atoms, molecules and volume.

11-12.C.1.3.5 Analyze and solve reaction stoichiometry problems.

11-12.C.1.3.6 Express concentrations of solutions in various ways including molarity.

11-12.C.1.3.7 Interpret how the presence of solute particles affect the properties of a solution and be able to do calculations involving colligative properties.

11-12.C.1.3.8 Analyze quantitative relationships involved in acid/base chemistry including pH.

11-12.C.1.4. Understand the Theory that Evolution is a Process that Relates to the Gradual Changes in the Universe and of Equilibrium as a Physical State

11-12.C.1.4.1. No objectives in Chemistry.

11-12.C.1.5. Understand Concepts of Form and Function

11-12.C.1.5.1. No objectives in Chemistry.

11-12.C.1.6. Understand Scientific Inquiry and Develop Critical Thinking Skills

11-12.C.1.6.1 Demonstrate an understanding of the scientific method.

11-12.C.1.6.2 Select and use appropriate scientific equipment, materials and techniques.

11-12.C.1.7. Understand That Interpersonal Relationships Are Important in Scientific Endeavors

11-12.C.1.7.1 Explain how a series of historically related and documented experiments led to the current model and structure of the atom.

11-12.C.1.8. Understand Technical Communication

11-12.C.1.8.1 Correctly write symbols, formulas and names for common elements, ions and compounds.

11-12.C.1.8.2 Communicate scientific investigations and information clearly.

11-12.C.2. Physical Science: Students explain the structure and properties of atoms, including isotopes. Students explain how chemical reactions, while requiring or releasing energy, can neither destroy nor create energy or matter. Students explain the differences between fission and fusion. Students explain the interactions of force and mass in describing motion using Newton's Laws. Students explain how energy can be transformed from one form to another while the total amount of energy remains constant. Students classify energy as potential and/or kinetic, and as energy contained in a field.

11-12.C.2.1. Understand the Structure and Function of Matter and Molecules and Their Interactions

11-12.C.2.1.1 Explain and understand how electrons are involved in the formation of chemical bonds using the octet rule and Lewis dot diagrams.

11-12.C.2.1.2 Predict the polarity of chemical bonds using electronegativity.

11-12.C.2.1.3 Predict physical properties of compounds based upon the attractive forces between atoms and molecules.

11-12.C.2.1.4 Distinguish and classify all matter into appropriate categories.

11-12.C.2.1.5 Explain the relationship and reactions of acids, bases, and salts.

11-12.C.2.1.6 Explain the role of dissociation and ionization in producing strong, weak, and nonelectrolytes.

11-12.C.2.2. Understand Concepts of Motion and Forces

11-12.C.2.2.1 Describe the Kinetic Molecular Theory as it applies to phases of matter.

11-12.C.2.3. Understand the Total Energy in the Universe is Constant

11-12.C.2.3.1 Explain and calculate the changes in heat energy that occur during chemical reactions and phase changes.

11-12.C.2.3.2 Demonstrate the conservation of matter by balancing chemical equations.

11-12.C.2.3.3 Differentiate between exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions during chemical or physical changes.

11-12.C.2.4. Understand the Structure of Atoms

11-12.C.2.4.1 Interpret the classic historical experiments that were used to identify the components of an atom and its structure.

11-12.C.2.4.2 Deduce the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for an atom or ion.

11-12.C.2.4.3 Describe the relationship between the structure of atoms and light absorption and emission.

11-12.C.2.4.4 Determine and illustrate electron arrangements of elements using electron configurations and orbital energy diagrams.

11-12.C.2.5. Understand Chemical Reactions

11-12.C.2.5.1 Illustrate the Law of Conservation of Mass and the Law of Definite Proportions.

11-12.C.2.5.2 Classify, write and balance chemical equations for common types of chemical reactions and predict the products.

11-12.C.2.5.3 Describe the factors that influence the rates of chemical reactions.

11-12.C.3. Biology

11-12.C.3.1. No goals or objectives in Chemistry.

11-12.C.4. Earth and Space Systems

11-12.C.4.1. No goals or objectives in Chemistry.

11-12.C.5. Personal and Social Perspectives; Technology: Students understand that science and technology interact and impact both society and the environment.

11-12.C.5.1. Understand Common Environmental Quality Issues, Both Natural and Human Induced

11-12.C.5.1.1 Demonstrate the ability to work safely and effectively in a chemistry laboratory.

11-12.C.5.2. Understand the Relationship between Science and Technology

11-12.C.5.2.1 Assess the role of chemistry in enabling technological advances.

11-12.C.5.3. Understand the Importance of Natural Resources and the Need to Manage and Conserve Them

11-12.C.5.3.1 Evaluate the role of chemistry in energy and environmental issues.