Arizona State Standards for Social Studies: Grade 4

AZ.SS04-S1. American History

SS04-S1C1. Research Skills for History: Historical research is a process in which students examine topics or questions related to historical studies and/or current issues. By using primary and secondary sources effectively students obtain accurate and relevant information.

SS04-S1C1-01. Use the following to interpret historical data: a) timelines - B.C.E. and B.C.; C.E. and A.D.; b) graphs, tables, charts, and maps. 13
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C1-01.

SS04-S1C1-02. Describe the difference between primary and secondary sources. 5
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C1-02.

SS04-S1C1-03. Locate information using both primary and secondary sources. 5
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C1-03.

SS04-S1C1-04. Describe how archaeological research adds to our understanding of the past. 11
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C1-04.

SS04-S1C2. Early Civilizations Pre 1500: The geographic, political, economic and cultural characteristics of early civilizations made significant contributions to the later development of the United States.

SS04-S1C2-01. Describe the legacy and cultures of prehistoric people in the Americas: a) characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies; b) development of agriculture. 14
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C2-01.

SS04-S1C2-02. Describe the cultures and contributions of the Mogollon, Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi), and Hohokam (e.g., location, agriculture, housing, arts, trade networks; adaptation and alteration of the environment). 15
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C2-02.

SS04-S1C2-03. Identify other groups (e.g., Patayan, Sinagua, Salado) residing in the Southwest during this period. 19
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C2-03.

SS04-S1C2-04. Identify the early civilizations (e.g., Maya, Aztec, Inca/Inka) that developed into empires in Central and South America. 8
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C2-04.

SS04-S1C2-05. Recognize the achievements and features (e.g., mathematics, astronomy, architecture) of the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan/Inkan civilizations. 12
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C2-05.

SS04-S1C3. Exploration and Colonization 1500s - 1700s: The varied causes and effects of exploration, settlement, and colonization shaped regional and national development of the U.S.

SS04-S1C3-01. Describe the reasons for early Spanish exploration of Mexico and the Southwestern region of the United States by: a) Cabeza de Vaca; b) Estevan; c) Fray Marcos de Niza; d) Francisco Vasques de Coronado. 32
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C3-01.

SS04-S1C3-02. Describe the impact of Spanish colonization on the Southwest: a) establishment of missions and presidios; b) lifestyle changes of native people; c) contributions of Father Kino. 14
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C3-02.

SS04-S1C3-03. Describe the location and cultural characteristics of Native American tribes (e.g., O'odham, Apache, Hopi) during the Spanish period. 16
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C3-03.

SS04-S1C4. Revolution and New Nation

SS04-S1C5. Westward Expansion 1800 - 1860: Westward expansion, influenced by political, cultural, and economic factors, led to the growth and development of the U.S.

SS04-S1C5-01. Recognize the change of governance of the Southwest from Spain to Mexico as a result of the Mexican Revolution. 8
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C5-01.

SS04-S1C5-02. Describe the influence of American explorers and trappers (e.g., James O. Pattie, Kit Carson, Bill Williams) on the development of the Southwest. 10
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C5-02.

SS04-S1C5-03. Describe events that led to Arizona becoming a possession of the United States: a) Mexican - American War; b) Mexican Cession (Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo); c) Gadsden Purchase. 12
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C5-03.

SS04-S1C5-04. Describe the impact of Native Americans, Hispanics, and newcomers from the United States and the world on the culture of Arizona (e.g., art, language, architecture, mining, ranching). 19
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C5-04.

SS04-S1C5-05. Describe the conflict of cultures that occurred between newcomers and Arizona Native Americans: a) Indian Wars; b) Navajo Long Walk; c) formation of reservations. 19
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C5-05.

SS04-S1C6. Civil War and Reconstruction 1850 - 1877: Regional conflicts led to the Civil War and resulted in significant changes to American social, economic, and political structures.

SS04-S1C6-01. Describe events in Arizona during the Civil War: a) Battle of Picacho Peak; b) Battle of Apache Pass; c) Arizona becomes a territory. 6
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C6-01.

SS04-S1C7. Emergence of the Modern United States 1875 - 1929: Economic, social, and cultural changes transformed the U.S. into a world power.

SS04-S1C7-01. Describe the economic development of Arizona: a) mining; b) ranching; c) farming and dams. 7
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C7-01.

SS04-S1C7-02. Describe the advent of innovations in transportation (e.g., steamboats, freighting, stagecoaches, railroads) that helped Arizona's growth and economy. 15
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C7-02.

SS04-S1C7-03. Identify key individuals and groups (e.g., Charles Poston, Sharlot Hall, Buffalo Soldiers, Geronimo, George W.P. Hunt, Manuelito, Cochise) related to Arizona territorial days and early statehood. 14
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C7-03.

SS04-S1C7-04. Recognize that Arizona changed from a territory to a state on February 14, 1912. 5
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SS04-S1C7-05. Recognize the formation of Native American communities and reservations in Arizona (e.g., Gila River Reservation, Yaquis, Colorado River Indian Tribes). 19
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C7-05.

SS04-S1C8. Great Depression and World War II 1929 - 1945: Domestic and world events, economic issues, and political conflicts redefined the role of government in the lives of U.S. citizens.

SS04-S1C8-01. Describe changes in the lives of U.S. and Arizona residents during the Great Depression: a) poverty; b) unemployment; c) loss of homes or businesses; d) migration. 8
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C8-01.

SS04-S1C8-02. Describe the reasons (e.g., German and Japanese aggression) for the U.S. becoming involved in World War II. 11
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C8-02.

SS04-S1C8-03. Describe the impact of World War II on Arizona (e.g., economic boost, military bases, Native American and Hispanic contributions, POW camps, relocation of Japanese Americans). 6
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C8-03.

SS04-S1C8-04. Describe how lives were affected during World War II (e.g., limited goods, women worked in factories, increased patriotism). 1
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C8-04.

SS04-S1C9. Postwar United States 1945 - 1970s: Postwar tensions led to social change in the U.S. and to a heightened focus on foreign policy.

SS04-S1C9-01. Describe changes (e.g., population growth, economic growth, cultural diversity, civil rights) that took place in Arizona during the postwar era. 32
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C9-01.

SS04-S1C10. Contemporary United States 1970s - Present: Current events and issues continue to shape our nation and our involvement in the global community.

SS04-S1C10-01. Describe current events using information from class discussions and various resources (e.g., newspapers, magazines, television, Internet, books, maps). 8
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C10-01.

SS04-S1C10-02. Discuss the connections between current and historical events and issues from content studied in Strand 1 using information from class discussions and various resources (e.g., newspapers, magazines, television, Internet, books, maps). 28
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C10-02.

SS04-S1C10-03. Describe the influence of key individuals (e.g., Sandra Day O'Connor, Carl Hayden, Ernest W. McFarland, Barry Goldwater, Cesar Chavez, John McCain) in Arizona. 6
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C10-03.

SS04-S1C10-04. Discuss the contributions of diverse populations to Arizona. 11
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S1C10-04.

AZ.SS04-S2. World History

SS04-S2C1. Research Skills for History: Historical research is a process in which students examine topics or questions related to historical studies and/or current issues.

SS04-S2C1-01. Use the following to interpret historical data: a) timelines - B.C.E. and B.C.; C.E. and A.D.; b) graphs, tables, charts, and maps. 13
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S2C1-01.

SS04-S2C1-02. Describe the difference between primary and secondary sources. 11
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S2C1-02.

SS04-S2C1-03. Locate information using both primary and secondary sources. 12
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S2C1-03.

SS04-S2C1-04. Describe how archaeological research adds to our understanding of the past. 13
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S2C1-04.

SS04-S2C2. Early Civilizations

SS04-S2C3. World in Transition: People of different regions developed unique civilizations and cultural identities characterized by increased interaction, societal complexity and competition.

SS04-S2C3-01. Discuss life in Europe as it existed at the time of the Aztec and Incan/Inkan empires in the Americas: a) life in castles; b) knights traveling to new places during the Crusades; c) desire for new routes to the Indies. 5
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S2C3-01.

SS04-S2C4. Renaissance and Reformation

SS04-S2C5. Encounters and Exchange: Innovations, discoveries, exploration, and colonization accelerated contact, conflict, and interconnection among societies world wide, transforming and creating nations.

SS04-S2C5-01. Describe the reasons (e.g., trade routes, gold) for Spanish and Portuguese explorations of the Americas. 41
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S2C5-01.

SS04-S2C5-02. Describe the impact of European explorers' encounters with the Aztec and Inca/Inka. 72
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S2C5-02.

SS04-S2C6. Age of Revolution

SS04-S2C7. Age of Imperialism

SS04-S2C8. World at War

SS04-S2C9. Contemporary World: The nations of the contemporary world are shaped by their cultural and political past. Current events, developments and issues continue to shape the global community.

SS04-S2C9-01. Describe current events using information from class discussions and various resources (e.g., newspapers, magazines, television, Internet, books, maps). 21
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S2C9-01.

AZ.SS04-S3. Civics/Government

SS04-S3C1. Foundations of Government: The United States democracy is based on principles and ideals that are embodied by symbols, people and documents.

SS04-S3C1-01. Describe state and national symbols and monuments that represent American democracy and values: a) Great Seal of the United States; b) Arizona symbols (e.g., seal, flag); c) war memorials (e.g., Pearl Harbor- Arizona Memorial, WW II, Korean, and Vietnam Memorials). 22
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S3C1-01.

SS04-S3C1-02. Identify the rights and freedoms supported by the following documents: a) Preamble of the U.S. Constitution; b) Bill of Rights; c) Statement of Natural Rights as found in the Declaration of Independence (We hold these truths to be self evident...) (Note: Aligns to State Statute) 8
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S3C1-02.

SS04-S3C1-03. Describe Arizona's transition from territory to statehood: a) locations of capital; b) founding people; c) Arizona's constitution. 7
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S3C1-03.

SS04-S3C1-04. Describe the varied backgrounds of people living in Arizona: a) shared principles, goals, customs and traditions; b) diversity in one's school and community; c) benefits and challenges of a diverse population. 7
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S3C1-04.

SS04-S3C2. Structure of Government: The United States structure of government is characterized by the separation and balance of powers. 26
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S3C2.

SS04-S3C2-01. Describe the three branches of state and national government: a) Executive; b) Legislative; c) Judicial. 38
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S3C2-01.

SS04-S3C2-02. Describe different levels of government (e.g., local, tribal, state, national). 15
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S3C2-02.

SS04-S3C3. Functions of Government: Laws and policies are developed to govern, protect, and promote the well-being of the people.

SS04-S3C3-01. Describe the responsibilities of state government (e.g., making laws, enforcing laws, collecting taxes). 13
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S3C3-01.

SS04-S3C3-02. Describe the responsibilities (e.g., determining land use, enforcing laws, overlapping responsibilities with state government) of the local government. 15
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SS04-S3C3-03. Describe the possible consequences of violating laws. 5
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SS04-S3C4. Rights, Responsibilities, and Roles of Citizenship: The rights, responsibilities and practices of United States citizenship are founded in the Constitution and the nation's history.

SS04-S3C4-01. Discuss ways an individual can contribute to a school or community. 28
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S3C4-01.

SS04-S3C4-02. Identify traits of character (e.g., responsibility, respect, perseverance, loyalty, integrity, involvement, justice and tolerance) that are important to the preservation and improvement of democracy. 11
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S3C4-02.

SS04-S3C4-03. Describe the importance of citizens being actively involved in the democratic process (e.g., voting, campaigning, civil and community service, volunteering, jury duty). 32
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S3C4-03.

SS04-S3C5. Government Systems of the World

AZ.SS04-S4. Geography

SS04-S4C1. The World in Spatial Terms: The spatial perspective and associated geographic tools are used to organize and interpret information about people, places and environments.

SS04-S4C1-01. Use different types of maps to solve problems (i.e., road maps -distance, resource maps-products, historical maps- boundaries, thematic map- climates). 32
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C1-01.

SS04-S4C1-02. Interpret political and physical maps using the following map elements: a) title; b) compass rose (cardinal and intermediate directions); c) symbols; d) legend; e) scale; f) road map index; g) grid (latitude and longitude). 26
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C1-02.

SS04-S4C1-03. Construct maps using symbols to represent human and physical features. 27
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C1-03.

SS04-S4C1-04. Construct charts and graphs to display geographic information. 29
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C1-04.

SS04-S4C1-05. Describe characteristics of human and physical features: a) physical - (i.e., river, lake, mountain, range, coast, sea, desert, gulf, bay, strait, plain, valley, volcanoes, isthmus, canyon, plateau, mesa, oasis, dunes); b) human - (i.e., equator, four hemispheres, city, state, country, harbor, dams, territory, county). 46
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C1-05.

SS04-S4C1-06. Locate physical and human features using maps, illustrations, images, or globes: a) physical (i.e., river, lake, mountain range, coast, sea, desert, gulf, bay, strait); b) human (i.e., equator four hemispheres, city, state, country, roads, railroads). 44
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C1-06.

SS04-S4C1-07. Locate physical and human features in Arizona using maps, illustrations, or images: a) physical (e.g., Grand Canyon, Mogollon Rim, Colorado River, Gila River, Salt River); b) human (e.g., Phoenix, Yuma, Flagstaff, Tucson, Prescott, Hoover Dam, Roosevelt Dam). 11
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C1-07.

SS04-S4C2. Places and Regions: Places and regions have distinct physical and cultural characteristics.

SS04-S4C2-01. Describe how the Southwest has distinct physical and cultural characteristics. 164
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C2-01.

SS04-S4C2-02. Describe ways in which Arizona has changed over time from statehood to today. 6
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C2-02.

SS04-S4C2-03. Locate the landform regions of Arizona (plateau, mountain, desert) on a map. 10
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C2-03.

SS04-S4C2-04. Compare the landform regions of Arizona according to their physical features, plants, and animals. 10
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C2-04.

SS04-S4C2-05. Describe how regions and places (e.g., Grand Canyon, Colorado River, Casa Grande Ruin, Canyon de Chelly, Yucatan Peninsula) have distinct characteristics. 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C2-05.

SS04-S4C3. Physical Systems: Physical processes shape the Earth and interact with plant and animal life to create, sustain, and modify ecosystems. These processes affect the distribution of resources and economic development.

SS04-S4C3-01. Describe how natural events and human activities impact environments. 24
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C3-01.

SS04-S4C3-02. Describe uses, types, and conservation of natural resources. 24
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C3-02.

SS04-S4C3-03. Understand processes acting on the earth (erosion, floods, earthquakes, volcanoes, forest fires) and evidence of their occurrence. 20
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SS04-S4C3-04. Understand characteristics of weather conditions and climate. 110
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C3-04.

SS04-S4C4. Human Systems: Human cultures, their nature, and distribution affect societies and the Earth.

SS04-S4C4-01. Describe the factors (push and pull) that have contributed to the settlement, economic development (e.g., mining, ranching, agriculture, and tourism), and growth of major Arizona cities. 19
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C4-01.

SS04-S4C4-02. Describe how Mexico and Arizona are connected by the movement of people, goods, and ideas. 8
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C4-02.

SS04-S4C4-03. Describe how the building of transportation routes (e.g., trails, stage routes, railroad) resulted in human settlement and economic development in Arizona. 9
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C4-03.

SS04-S4C4-04. Describe the cultural characteristics (e.g., food, clothing, housing, sports, customs, beliefs) of Arizona's diverse population. 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C4-04.

SS04-S4C4-05. Describe the major economic activities and land use patterns (e.g., agricultural, industrial, residential, commercial, recreational, harvesting of natural resources) of regions studied. 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C4-05.

SS04-S4C4-06. Describe elements of culture in areas studied (e.g., Mexico, Central and South America). 6
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C4-06.

SS04-S4C5. Environment and Society: Human and environmental interactions are interdependent upon one another. Humans interact with the environment- they depend upon it, they modify it; and they adapt to it. The health and well-being of all humans depends upon an understanding of the interconnections and interdependence of human and physical systems.

SS04-S4C5-01. Describe human dependence on the physical environment and natural resources to satisfy basic needs. 24
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C5-01.

SS04-S4C5-02. Describe the impact of extreme natural events (e.g., fires, volcanoes, floods, droughts) on human and physical environments. 26
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C5-02.

SS04-S4C5-03. Describe the impact of human modifications (e.g., dams, mining, air conditioning, irrigation, agricultural) on the physical environment and ecosystems. 82
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C5-03.

SS04-S4C6. Geographic Applications: Geographic thinking (asking and answering geographic questions) is used to understand spatial patterns of the past, the present, and to plan for the future.

SS04-S4C6-01. Describe the impact of geographic features (e.g., rivers, mountains, resources, deserts, climate) on migration and the location of human activities (e.g., exploration, mining, transportation routes, settlement patterns). 10
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C6-01.

SS04-S4C6-02. Discuss geographic knowledge and skills related to current events. 28
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C6-02.

SS04-S4C6-03. Use geography concepts and skills (e.g., recognizing patterns, mapping, graphing) to find solutions for local, state or national problems (e.g., shortage or abundance of natural resources). 7
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S4C6-03.

AZ.SS04-S5. Economics

SS04-S5C1. Foundations of Economics: The foundations of economics are the application of basic economic concepts and decision-making skills. This includes scarcity and the different methods of allocation of goods and services.

SS04-S5C1-01. Explain the decision for a personal spending choice. 9
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S5C1-01.

SS04-S5C1-02. Identify that specialization improves standards of living (e.g., medical care, home building, agriculture). 7
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S5C1-02.

SS04-S5C1-03. Give examples of how voluntary exchanges of goods and services can be mutually beneficial (e.g., ice cream vendor receives money, child receives ice cream; doctor receives monetary benefit, patient receives care). 2
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S5C1-03.

SS04-S5C2. Microeconomics: Microeconomics examines the costs and benefits of economic choices relating to individuals, markets and industries, and governmental policies.

SS04-S5C2-01. Explain how price incentives affect peoples' behavior and choices, such as colonial decisions about what crops to grow and which products to produce. 2
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S5C2-01.

SS04-S5C2-02. Describe why (e.g., schools, fire, police, libraries) state and local governments collect taxes. 9
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S5C2-02.

SS04-S5C2-03. Describe how education, skills, and career choices affect income. 29
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S5C2-03.

SS04-S5C2-04. Discuss how profit is an incentive to entrepreneurs. 22
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S5C2-04.

SS04-S5C2-05. Describe risks that are taken by entrepreneurs. 21
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S5C2-05.

SS04-S5C2-06. Identify the role of financial institutions in providing services (e.g., savings accounts, loans). 12
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S5C2-06.

SS04-S5C3. Macroeconomics

SS04-S5C4. Global Economics

SS04-S5C5. Personal Finance: Decision-making skills foster a person's individual standard of living. Using information wisely leads to better informed decisions as consumers, workers, investors and effective participants in society.

SS04-S5C5-01. Describe how interest is an incentive to saving money. 10
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS04-S5C5-01.