Arkansas State Standards for Science:

AR.1. Nature of Science: Characteristics and Processes of Science: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of the characteristics and processes of science using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

NS.1.K.1. Inquiry and Process Skills: Record observations pictorially, orally, and in writing 45
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.K.1.

NS.1.K.2. Inquiry and Process Skills: Ask questions based on observations 23
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.K.2.

NS.1.K.3. Inquiry and Process Skills: Conduct scientific investigations as a class and in teams: lab activities; field studies. 23
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.K.3.

NS.1.K.4. Inquiry and Process Skills: Estimate and measure length, mass, and capacity/volume of familiar objects using non-standard units 25
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.K.4.

NS.1.K.5. Inquiry and Process Skills: Estimate relative temperature of matter (e.g., objects, living things, and earth materials) 99
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.K.5.

NS.1.K.6. Inquiry and Process Skills: Collect empirical evidence as a class 22
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.K.6.

NS.1.K.7. Scientific Equipment and Technology: Use age-appropriate equipment and tools in scientific investigations (e.g., balances and hand lenses) 15
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.K.7.

NS.1.K.8. Scientific Equipment and Technology: Apply appropriate rules of safety related to daily activities 15
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.K.8.

NS.1.K.9. Scientific Equipment and Technology: Apply lab safety rules as they relate to specific science lab activities (see Arkansas Lab Safety Guide) 15
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.K.9.

AR.2. Life Science: Living Systems: Characteristics, Structure, and Function: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of living systems using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

LS.2.K.1. Characteristics: Classify living and non-living things 23
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.K.1.

LS.2.K.2. Characteristics: Differentiate between plants and animals 63
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.K.2.

LS.2.K.3. Characteristics: Match parents and offspring 121
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.K.3.

LS.2.K.4. Characteristics: Identify basic needs of plants and animals: food; water; light; air; space. 98
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.K.4.

LS.2.K.5. Structure and Function: Name and describe the five senses 21
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.K.5.

LS.2.K.6. Structure and Function: Discuss the functions of the five senses 21
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.K.6.

LS.2.K.7. Structure and Function: Identify the basic materials for oral hygiene 5
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.K.7.

LS.2.K.8. Structure and Function: Demonstrate the proper technique for cleaning teeth 5
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.K.8.

AR.3. Life Science: Life Cycles, Reproduction, and Heredity: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of life cycles, reproduction, and heredity using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

LS.3.K.1. Life Cycles: Describe plant development and growth 33
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.K.1.

LS.3.K.2. Life Cycles: Illustrate complete metamorphosis (e.g., butterfly, frog) 51
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.K.2.

AR.4. Life Science: Populations and Ecosystems: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of populations and ecosystems using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

LS.4.K.1. Recognize what it means for a species to be extinct 21
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.K.1.

AR.5. Physical Science: Matter: Properties and Changes: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of matter, including properties and changes, using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

PS.5.K.1. Physical Properties: List and classify objects according to the single properties of size, color, shape 24
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.K.1.

AR.6. Physical Science: Motion and Forces: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of motion and forces using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.6.K.1. Motion and Forces: Demonstrate spatial relationships, including but not limited to over, under, left, right 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.K.1.

PS.6.K.2. Motion and Forces: Demonstrate various ways that objects can move, including but not limited to straight, zig-zag, back and forth, round and round, fast and slow 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.K.2.

PS.6.K.3. Motion and Forces: Demonstrate the effects of the force of gravity on objects 13
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.K.3.

AR.7. Physical Science: Energy and Transfer of Energy: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of energy and transfer of energy using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.7.K.1. Heat: Classify objects in terms of their relative temperature (e.g., hotter and colder) 45
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.K.1.

PS.7.K.2. Electricity: Identify uses of electricity 2
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.K.2.

PS.7.K.3. Electricity: Identify ways to conserve electricity in the classroom and at home 2
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.K.3.

PS.7.K.4. Magnetism: Demonstrate effects of magnets on each other and other objects 9
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.K.4.

PS.7.K.5. Magnetism: List some uses of magnets in everyday objects 9
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.K.5.

PS.7.K.6. Magnetism: Investigate magnets of various shapes 9
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.K.6.

AR.8. Earth and Space Science: Earth Systems: Structure and Properties: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of Earth's structure and properties using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

ESS.8.K.1. Properties of the Earth: Identify various characteristics of Earth's surface 12
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.K.1.

ESS.8.K.2. Natural Resources: Identify the uses of land and water 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.K.2.

ESS.8.K.3. Natural Resources: Classify resources as natural or man-made 22
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.K.3.

ESS.8.K.4. Natural Resources: Identify ways natural and man-made materials can be reused or recycled 42
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.K.4.

ESS.8.K.5. Weather: Chart weather conditions every day 49
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.K.5.

ESS.8.K.6. Weather: Describe the four seasons 41
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.K.6.

ESS.8.K.7. Weather: Demonstrate safety procedures related to severe weather 30
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.K.7.

AR.9. Earth and Space Science: Earth's History: Changes in Earth and Sky: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of Earth's history using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

AR.10. Earth and Space Science: Objects in the Universe: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of objects in the universe using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

ESS.10.K.1. Solar System: Distinguish between celestial bodies and other objects in the sky: sun, moon, other stars, clouds, birds, planes 25
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.K.1.

AR.1. Nature of Science: Characteristics and Processes of Science: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of the characteristics and processes of science using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

NS.1.1.1. Inquiry and Process Skills: Communicate observations orally, in writing, and in graphic organizers: T-charts; pictographs. 56
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.1.1.

NS.1.1.2. Inquiry and Process Skills: Ask questions based on observations 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.1.2.

NS.1.1.3. Inquiry and Process Skills: Conduct scientific investigations as a class and in teams: lab activities; field studies. 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.1.3.

NS.1.1.4. Inquiry and Process Skills: Estimate and measure length and temperature using International System of Units (SI) as a class 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.1.4.

NS.1.1.5. Inquiry and Process Skills: Collect measurable empirical evidence as a class and in teams 28
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.1.5.

NS.1.1.6. Inquiry and Process Skills: Make predictions as a class and in teams based upon empirical evidence (e.g., predict which object is heavier) 28
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.1.6.

NS.1.1.7. Scientific Equipment and Technology: Use age appropriate equipment and tools in scientific investigations (e.g., balances, hand lenses, rulers, and thermometers) 16
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.1.7.

NS.1.1.8. Scientific Equipment and Technology: Apply appropriate rules of safety related to daily activities 16
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.1.8.

NS.1.1.9. Scientific Equipment and Technology: Apply lab safety rules as they relate to specific science lab activities (see Arkansas Lab Safety Guide) 16
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.1.9.

AR.2. Life Science: Living Systems: Characteristics, Structure, and Function: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of living systems using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

LS.2.1.1. Characteristics: Classify animals according to common characteristics (e.g., movement, body coverings, diet) 128
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.1.1.

LS.2.1.2. Characteristics: Differentiate between herbivores and carnivores 114
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.1.2.

LS.2.1.3. Structure and Function: Locate the following human body parts: heart; lungs; brain; stomach; muscles; bones 78
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.1.3.

LS.2.1.4. Structure and Function: Locate plant parts: leaves; stems; flowers; roots 34
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.1.4.

AR.3. Life Science: Life Cycles, Reproduction, and Heredity: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of life cycles, reproduction, and heredity using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

LS.3.1.1. Life Cycles: Illustrate incomplete metamorphosis (e.g., grasshopper) 85
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.1.1.

LS.3.1.2. Life Cycles: Compare and contrast complete metamorphosis and incomplete metamorphosis 85
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.1.2.

AR.4. Life Science: Populations and Ecosystems: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of populations and ecosystems using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

LS.4.1.1. Identify some endangered species in Arkansas 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.1.1.

AR.5. Physical Science: Matter: Properties and Changes: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of matter, including properties and changes, using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

PS.5.1.1. Physical Properties: Compare and contrast objects according to the single properties of size, color, shape, texture, magnetism 188
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.1.1.

PS.5.1.2. States of Matter: Identify characteristics of solids and liquids 43
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.1.2.

AR.6. Physical Science: Motion and Forces: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of motion and forces using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.6.1.1. Motion and Forces: List orally the various ways that objects can move, including but not limited to straight, zig-zag, back and forth, round and round, fast and slow 13
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.1.1.

PS.6.1.2. Motion and Forces: Investigate the relationship between mass and weight (e.g., identical filled and empty containers) 28
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.1.2.

AR.7. Physical Science: Energy and Transfer of Energy: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of energy and transfer of energy using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.7.1.1. Light: Compare natural sources of light (e.g., sun, fireflies, deep sea creatures, fire, lightning) to artificial sources of light (e.g., light bulbs, matches, candles) 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.1.1.

PS.7.1.2. Light: Investigate the properties of transparent and opaque objects (e.g., plastic wrap and aluminum foil) 9
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.1.2.

PS.7.1.3. Heat: Compare natural sources of heat (e.g., sun, fire, lightning) to artificial sources of heat (e.g., stove, toaster) 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.1.3.

PS.7.1.4. Heat: Chart temperature over time using the Celsius scale 11
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.1.4.

PS.7.1.5. Electricity: Demonstrate methods of producing static electricity (e.g., balloons, shuffling across carpet) 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.1.5.

PS.7.1.6. Magnetism: Classify materials as magnetic or nonmagnetic 22
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.1.6.

PS.7.1.7. Magnetism: Investigate the properties of magnets: attraction, repulsion 22
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.1.7.

AR.8. Earth and Space Science: Earth Systems: Structure and Properties: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of Earth's structure and properties using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

ESS.8.1.1. Properties of the Earth: Identify the features of major landforms 15
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.1.1.

ESS.8.1.2. Natural Resources: Identify common uses of Earth's resources 27
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.1.2.

ESS.8.1.3. Weather: Chart weather conditions every day 75
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.1.3.

ESS.8.1.4. Weather: Identify the sequence of seasons 49
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.1.4.

ESS.8.1.5. Weather: Demonstrate safety procedures related to severe weather 66
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.1.5.

ESS.8.1.6. Weather: Read a Celsius thermometer as a class 68
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.1.6.

AR.9. Earth and Space Science: Earth's History: Changes in Earth and Sky: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of Earth's history using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

AR.10. Earth and Space Science: Objects in the Universe: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of objects in the universe using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

ESS.10.1.1. Solar System: Illustrate the sequence of planets in the solar system 39
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.1.1.

AR.1. Nature of Science: Characteristics and Processes of Science: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of the characteristics and processes of science using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

NS.1.2.1. Inquiry and Process Skills: Communicate observations orally, in writing, and in graphic organizers: T-charts; pictographs; Venn diagrams; bar graphs. 48
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.2.1.

NS.1.2.2. Inquiry and Process Skills: Develop questions that guide scientific inquiry 53
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.2.2.

NS.1.2.3. Inquiry and Process Skills: Conduct scientific investigations individually and in teams: lab activities; field studies. 52
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.2.3.

NS.1.2.4. Inquiry and Process Skills: Estimate and measure length and temperature using International System of Units (SI) 31
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.2.4.

NS.1.2.5. Inquiry and Process Skills: Collect measurable empirical evidence in teams and as individuals 54
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.2.5.

NS.1.2.6. Inquiry and Process Skills: Make predictions in teams and as individuals based upon empirical evidence 54
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.2.6.

NS.1.2.7. Scientific Equipment and Technology: Use age appropriate equipment and tools in scientific investigations (e.g., balances, hand lenses, rulers, and thermometers) 16
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.2.7.

NS.1.2.8. Scientific Equipment and Technology: Apply lab safety rules as they relate to specific science lab activities (see Arkansas Lab Safety Guide) 16
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.2.8.

AR.2. Life Science: Living Systems: Characteristics, Structure, and Function: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of living systems using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

LS.2.2.1. Characteristics: Classify animals into major groups according to their structure: mammals; birds; fish 23
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.2.1.

LS.2.2.2. Characteristics: Differentiate among herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores 168
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.2.2.

LS.2.2.3. Characteristics: Identify basic needs of most plants: nutrients; water; light; air; temperature; space 39
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.2.3.

LS.2.2.4. Characteristics: Compare different types of flowering plants and conifers 39
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.2.4.

LS.2.2.5. Structure and Function: Identify the major parts and functions of the skeletal system 51
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.2.5.

LS.2.2.6. Structure and Function: Describe the function of the following plant parts: leaves; stems; flowers; roots 56
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.2.6.

AR.3. Life Science: Life Cycles, Reproduction, and Heredity: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of life cycles, reproduction, and heredity using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

LS.3.2.1. Life Cycles: Illustrate embryonic development (e.g., chicken) 174
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.2.1.

LS.3.2.2. Life Cycles: Compare and contrast embryonic development and incomplete metamorphosis 124
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.2.2.

AR.4. Life Science: Populations and Ecosystems: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of populations and ecosystems using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

LS.4.2.1. Compare and contrast living and extinct species 37
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.2.1.

LS.4.2.2. Describe characteristics of various habitats 46
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.2.2.

AR.5. Physical Science: Matter: Properties and Changes: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of matter, including properties and changes, using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

PS.5.2.1. Physical Properties: Classify objects based on two or more properties 199
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.2.1.

PS.5.2.2. Physical Properties: Investigate the effect of physical phenomena on various materials (e.g., heat absorption by different colored materials) 214
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.2.2.

AR.6. Physical Science: Motion and Forces: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of motion and forces using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.6.2.1. Motion and Forces: Investigate the relationship between force and motion 32
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.2.1.

AR.7. Physical Science: Energy and Transfer of Energy: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of energy and transfer of energy using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.7.2.1. Light: Classify materials as transparent, translucent, or opaque (e.g., plastic wrap, wax paper, and aluminum foil) 25
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.2.1.

PS.7.2.2. Heat: Compare temperatures using the Celsius scale 22
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.2.2.

PS.7.2.3. Electricity: Demonstrate methods of using electricity to produce light, heat, and sound 10
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.2.3.

AR.8. Earth and Space Science: Earth Systems: Structure and Properties: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of Earth's structure and properties using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

ESS.8.2.1. Properties of the Earth: Conduct investigations to distinguish among the following components of soil: clay, sand, silt, humus 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.2.1.

ESS.8.2.2. Properties of the Earth: Recognize and discuss the different properties of soil: color, texture, ability to retain water, ability to support plant growth 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.2.2.

ESS.8.2.3. Properties of the Earth: Conduct investigations to determine which soil best supports bean plant growth 82
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.2.3.

ESS.8.2.4. Natural Resources: Identify products derived from natural resources 19
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.2.4.

ESS.8.2.5. Weather: Chart weather conditions every day 101
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.2.5.

ESS.8.2.6. Weather: Demonstrate safety procedures related to severe weather 86
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.2.6.

ESS.8.2.7. Weather: Describe characteristics of cumulus, stratus, and cirrus clouds 36
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.2.7.

ESS.8.2.8. Weather: Predict weather based on cloud type 36
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.2.8.

ESS.8.2.9. Weather: Read a Celsius thermometer 86
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.2.9.

AR.9. Earth and Space Science: Earth's History: Changes in Earth and Sky: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of Earth's history using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

AR.10. Earth and Space Science: Objects in the Universe: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of objects in the universe using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

ESS.10.2.1. Solar System: Illustrate four moon phases: full, half, crescent, new 322
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.2.1.

ESS.10.2.2. Solar System: Model the movement of Earth and its moon 322
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.2.2.

ESS.10.2.3. Solar System: Contrast the visibility of the sun and moon 322
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.2.3.

AR.1. Nature of Science: Characteristics and Processes of Science: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of the characteristics and processes of science using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

NS.1.3.1. Inquiry and Process Skills: Communicate observations orally, in writing, and in graphic organizers: T-charts; pictographs; Venn diagrams; bar graphs; frequency tables. 54
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.3.1.

NS.1.3.2. Inquiry and Process Skills: Develop questions that guide scientific inquiry 82
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.3.2.

NS.1.3.3. Inquiry and Process Skills: Conduct scientific investigations individually and in teams: lab activities; field studies. 84
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.3.3.

NS.1.3.4. Inquiry and Process Skills: Communicate the results of scientific investigations (e.g., age-appropriate graphs, charts, and writings) 54
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.3.4.

NS.1.3.5. Inquiry and Process Skills: Estimate and measure length, mass, temperature, and elapsed time using International System of Units (SI) 43
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.3.5.

NS.1.3.6. Inquiry and Process Skills: Collect and analyze measurable empirical evidence as a team and/or as individuals 85
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.3.6.

NS.1.3.7. Inquiry and Process Skills: Make and explain predictions based on prior knowledge 84
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.3.7.

NS.1.3.8. Scientific Equipment and Technology: Use simple equipment, age appropriate tools, technology, and mathematics in scientific investigations (e.g., balances, hand lenses, microscopes, rulers, thermometers, calculators, computers) 30
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.3.8.

NS.1.3.9. Scientific Equipment and Technology: Apply lab safety rules as they relate to specific science lab activities (see Arkansas Lab Safety Guide) 35
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.3.9.

AR.2. Life Science: Living Systems: Characteristics, Structure, and Function: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of living systems using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

LS.2.3.1. Characteristics: Classify animals as vertebrates and invertebrates according to their structure 8
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.3.1.

LS.2.3.2. Structure and Function: Identify major parts and functions of the following systems: respiratory; muscular 10
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.3.2.

AR.3. Life Science: Life Cycles, Reproduction, and Heredity: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of life cycles, reproduction, and heredity using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

LS.3.3.3. Life Cycles: Differentiate among complete metamorphosis, incomplete metamorphosis, and embryonic development 113
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.3.3.

AR.4. Life Science: Populations and Ecosystems: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of populations and ecosystems using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

AR.5. Physical Science: Matter: Properties and Changes: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of matter, including properties and changes, using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

PS.5.3.1. Physical Properties: Compare and contrast objects based on two or more properties 93
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.3.1.

PS.5.3.2. Physical Properties: Demonstrate physical changes in matter 93
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.3.2.

PS.5.3.3. Physical Properties: Determine the mass of solids 93
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.3.3.

PS.5.3.4. States of Matter: Compare and contrast solids and liquids 93
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.3.4.

AR.6. Physical Science: Motion and Forces: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of motion and forces using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.6.3.1. Motion and Forces: Identify characteristics of wave motion: amplitude, frequency 17
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.3.1.

PS.6.3.2. Motion and Forces: Investigate the relationship between sound and wave motion 17
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.3.2.

PS.6.3.3. Motion and Forces: Determine the impact of the following variables on pitch: length, mass, tension, state of matter 17
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.3.3.

AR.7. Physical Science: Energy and Transfer of Energy: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of energy and transfer of energy using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.7.3.1. Light: Classify materials as those which can reflect, refract, or absorb light 21
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.3.1.

PS.7.3.2. Heat: Calculate a change in temperature using the Celsius scale 148
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.3.2.

PS.7.3.3. Electricity: Identify methods of producing electricity relative to Arkansas: hydroelectric, coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear, solar, wind 8
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.3.3.

PS.7.3.4. Magnetism: Differentiate between magnets and non-magnets 8
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.3.4.

PS.7.3.5. Magnetism: Describe the effect of distance on attraction and repulsion 8
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.3.5.

PS.7.3.6. Magnetism: Construct a magnet by the 'Touch/Stroke' method 8
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.3.6.

AR.8. Earth and Space Science: Earth Systems: Structure and Properties: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of Earth's structure and properties using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

ESS.8.3.1. Properties of the Earth: Distinguish among Earth's materials: rocks, minerals, fossils, soils 84
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.3.1.

ESS.8.3.2. Properties of the Earth: Classify rocks by their properties, including but not limited to size, shape, color, texture, patterns 19
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.3.2.

ESS.8.3.3. Properties of the Earth: Identify the three categories of rocks: metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary 19
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.3.3.

ESS.8.3.4. Properties of the Earth: Identify the physical properties of minerals: hardness, color, luster, streak 19
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.3.4.

ESS.8.3.5. Properties of the Earth: Identify areas in Arkansas that are the main sources of the following minerals: bauxite, novaculite, quartz crystal, diamond, bromine 19
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.3.5.

ESS.8.3.6. Properties of the Earth: Describe the layers of Earth: crust, mantle, inner core, outer core 19
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.3.6.

ESS.8.3.7. Natural Resources: Identify common uses of rocks and minerals 19
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.3.7.

ESS.8.3.8. Weather: Chart precipitation levels over time 18
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.3.8.

ESS.8.3.9. Weather: Demonstrate safety procedures related to severe weather 9
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.3.9.

ESS.8.3.10. Weather: Construct and read a rain gauge 16
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.3.10.

AR.9. Earth and Space Science: Earth's History: Changes in Earth and Sky: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of Earth's history using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

ESS.9.3.1. Weather: Analyze the effect of wind and water on Earth's surface 25
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.9.3.1.

AR.10. Earth and Space Science: Objects in the Universe: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of objects in the universe using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

ESS.10.3.1. Solar System: Demonstrate how the planets orbit the sun 41
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.3.1.

ESS.10.3.2. Solar System: Demonstrate the orbit of Earth and its moon around the sun 19
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.3.2.

ESS.10.3.3. Solar System: Relate Earth's rotation to the day/night cycle 19
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.3.3.

AR.1. Nature of Science: Characteristics and Processes of Science: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of the characteristics and processes of science using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

NS.1.4.1. Inquiry and Process Skills: Communicate observations orally, in writing, and in graphic organizers: T-charts; pictographs; Venn diagrams; bar graphs; frequency tables; line graphs. 56
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.4.1.

NS.1.4.2. Inquiry and Process Skills: Refine questions that guide scientific inquiry 87
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.4.2.

NS.1.4.3. Inquiry and Process Skills: Conduct scientific investigations individually and in teams: lab activities; field studies. 89
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.4.3.

NS.1.4.5. Inquiry and Process Skills: Communicate the designs, procedures, and results of scientific investigations (e.g., age-appropriate graphs, charts, and writings)

NS.1.4.6. Inquiry and Process Skills: Estimate and measure length, mass, temperature, capacity/volume, and elapsed time using International System of Units (SI) 46
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.4.6.

NS.1.4.7. Inquiry and Process Skills: Collect and interpret measurable empirical evidence in teams and as individuals 89
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.4.7.

NS.1.4.8. Inquiry and Process Skills: Develop a hypothesis based on prior knowledge and observations 88
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.4.8.

NS.1.4.9. Inquiry and Process Skills: Identify variables that affect investigations 32
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.4.9.

NS.1.4.10. Inquiry and Process Skills: Identify patterns and trends in data 32
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.4.10.

NS.1.4.11. Inquiry and Process Skills: Generate conclusions based on evidence 32
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.4.11.

NS.1.4.12. Inquiry and Process Skills: Evaluate the quality and feasibility of an idea or project 32
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.4.12.

NS.1.4.13. Scientific Equipment and Technology: Use simple equipment, age appropriate tools, technology, and mathematics in scientific investigations (e.g., balances, hand lenses, microscopes, rulers, thermometers, calculators, computers) 32
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.4.13.

NS.1.4.14. Scientific Equipment and Technology: Apply lab safety rules as they relate to specific science lab activities (see Arkansas Lab Safety Guide) 32
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.4.14.

AR.2. Life Science: Living Systems: Characteristics, Structure, and Function: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of living systems using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

LS.2.4.1. Characteristics: Classify vertebrates into major subgroups: mammals; birds; fish; amphibians; reptiles 105
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.4.1.

LS.2.4.2. Characteristics: Classify some invertebrates according to their structure: mollusks; segmented worms; arthropods 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.4.2.

LS.2.4.3. Structure and Function: Identify major parts and functions of the following systems: digestive; circulatory; nervous 70
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.4.3.

AR.3. Life Science: Life Cycles, Reproduction, and Heredity: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of life cycles, reproduction, and heredity using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

AR.4. Life Science: Populations and Ecosystems: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of populations and ecosystems using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

LS.4.4.1. Recognize environmental adaptations of plants and animals 96
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.4.1.

LS.4.4.2. Illustrate the interdependence of organisms in an ecosystem 84
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.4.2.

AR.5. Physical Science: Matter: Properties and Changes: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of matter, including properties and changes, using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

PS.5.4.1. Physical Properties: Demonstrate multiple ways to classify objects 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.4.1.

PS.5.4.2. Physical Properties: Demonstrate chemical changes in matter 5
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.4.2.

PS.5.4.3. States of Matter: Compare and contrast gases to solids and liquids 5
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.4.3.

AR.6. Physical Science: Motion and Forces: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of motion and forces using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.6.4.1. Motion and Forces: Investigate the relationship between force and direction 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.4.1.

PS.6.4.2. Motion and Forces: Investigate the relationship between force and mass 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.4.2.

AR.7. Physical Science: Energy and Transfer of Energy: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of energy and transfer of energy using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.7.4.1. Heat: Interpret trends in temperature over time using the Celsius scale 75
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.4.1.

PS.7.4.2. Electricity: Classify electrical conductors and electrical insulators 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.4.2.

PS.7.4.3. Electricity: Construct simple circuits from circuit diagrams 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.4.3.

AR.8. Earth and Space Science: Earth Systems: Structure and Properties: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of Earth's structure and properties using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

ESS.8.4.1. Properties of the Earth: Locate natural divisions of Arkansas: Ozark Plateau, Ouachita Mountains, Crowley's Ridge, Mississippi Alluvial Plain (Delta), Coastal Plain, Arkansas River Valley 25
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.4.1.

ESS.8.4.2. Natural Resources: Analyze the impact of using natural resources 66
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.4.2.

ESS.8.4.3. Natural Resources: Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable resources 64
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.4.3.

ESS.8.4.4. Natural Resources: Evaluate the impact of water pollution 63
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.4.4.

ESS.8.4.5. Natural Resources: Evaluate the impact of Arkansas' natural resources on the economy, including but not limited to farming, timber, tourism, hunting, fishing 27
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.4.5.

ESS.8.4.6. Natural Resources: Evaluate human use of Arkansas' natural resources on the environment, including but not limited to mining, clear cutting, dredging 27
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.4.6.

ESS.8.4.7. Weather: Describe the processes of the water cycle: precipitation, evaporation, condensation 36
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.4.7.

ESS.8.4.8. Weather: Organize weather data into tables or charts to identify trends and patterns 101
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.4.8.

ESS.8.4.9. Weather: Demonstrate safety procedures related to severe weather 32
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.4.9.

ESS.8.4.10. Weather: Describe weather-related natural disasters 32
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.4.10.

ESS.8.4.11. Weather: Construct and read instruments to collect weather data: barometer, weather vane, anemometer 8
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.4.11.

AR.9. Earth and Space Science: Earth's History: Changes in Earth and Sky: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of Earth's history using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

ESS.9.4.1. Weather: Analyze changes to Earth's surface: erosion, glaciation, weathering, earthquakes, volcanic activity 40
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.9.4.1.

AR.10. Earth and Space Science: Objects in the Universe: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of objects in the universe using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

AR.1. Nature of Science: Characteristics and Processes of Science: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of the characteristics and processes of science using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

NS.1.5.1. Processes of Science: Make accurate observations 23
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.5.1.

NS.1.5.2. Processes of Science: Identify and define components of experimental design used to produce empirical evidence: hypothesis, replication, sample size, appropriate use of control, use of standardized variables 23
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.5.2.

NS.1.5.3. Processes of Science: Calculate mean, median, mode, and range from scientific data using SI units 9
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.5.3.

NS.1.5.4. Processes of Science: Interpret scientific data using data tables/charts, bar graphs, circle graphs, line graphs, stem and leaf plots, Venn diagrams 7
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.5.4.

NS.1.5.5. Processes of Science: Communicate results and conclusions from scientific inquiry 23
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.5.5.

NS.1.5.6. Processes of Science: Develop and implement strategies for long-term, accurate data collection 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.5.6.

NS.1.5.7. Characteristics of Science: Summarize the characteristics of science 23
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.5.7.

NS.1.5.8. Characteristics of Science: Explain the role of observation in the development of a theory 23
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.5.8.

NS.1.5.9. Characteristics of Science: Define and give examples of hypotheses 23
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.5.9.

AR.2. Life Science: Living Systems: Characteristics, Structure, and Function: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of living systems using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

LS.2.5.1. Structure and Function: Compare the cell theory to the characteristics of a scientific theory 117
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.5.1.

LS.2.5.2. Structure and Function: Examine cells on a microscopic level 31
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.5.2.

LS.2.5.3. Structure and Function: Describe the similarities of basic cell functions in all organisms 118
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.5.3.

LS.2.5.4. Structure and Function: Model and identify the parts of animal cells and plant cells: cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplast 121
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.5.4.

LS.2.5.5. Structure and Function: Compare and contrast plant and animal cells 57
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.5.5.

LS.2.5.6. Structure and Function: Conduct investigations to separate plant pigments from the cell 45
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.5.6.

LS.2.5.7. Structure and Function: Identify the role of chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis 11
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.5.7.

LS.2.5.8. Structure and Function: Explain and illustrate photosynthesis 11
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.5.8.

LS.2.5.9. Structure and Function: Explain cellular respiration 45
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.5.9.

LS.2.5.10. Structure and Function: Conduct investigations demonstrating the process of cellular respiration 45
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.5.10.

LS.2.5.11. Structure and Function: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to cells 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.5.11.

AR.3. Life Science: Life Cycles, Reproduction, and Heredity: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of life cycles, reproduction, and heredity using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

AR.4. Life Science: Populations and Ecosystems: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of populations and ecosystems using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

LS.4.5.1. Populations and Ecosystems: Distinguish among and model organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biosphere 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.5.1.

LS.4.5.2. Populations and Ecosystems: Identify the transfer of energy using energy pyramids: terrestrial, aquatic 10
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.5.2.

LS.4.5.3. Populations and Ecosystems: Design food webs in specific habitats to show the flow of energy within communities: terrestrial, aquatic 34
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.5.3.

LS.4.5.4. Populations and Ecosystems: Evaluate food webs under conditions of stress: overgrazing, overpopulation, natural disaster, introduction of non-native species, human impact/urban development 10
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.5.4.

LS.4.5.5. Populations and Ecosystems: Examine the role of limiting factors on the carrying capacity of an ecosystem: food, space, water, shelter 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.5.5.

LS.4.5.6. Populations and Ecosystems: Describe and diagram the nitrogen cycle in ecosystems 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.5.6.

LS.4.5.7. Populations and Ecosystems: Describe and diagram the carbon cycle in ecosystems 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.5.7.

LS.4.5.8. Populations and Ecosystems: Describe and diagram the carbon dioxide-oxygen cycle in ecosystems 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.5.8.

LS.4.5.9. Populations and Ecosystems: Conduct investigations demonstrating the role of the carbon dioxide-oxygen cycle in ecosystems 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.5.9.

LS.4.5.10. Populations and Ecosystems: Analyze the concept of conservation of mass as related to the amount of matter in an ecosystem 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.5.10.

LS.4.5.11. Populations and Ecosystems: Create ecosystems in which plants can exist without animals 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.5.11.

LS.4.5.12. Populations and Ecosystems: Conduct investigations in which plants are encouraged to thrive 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.5.12.

LS.4.5.13. Populations and Ecosystems: Construct, compare, and contrast environments in open and closed aquaria 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.5.13.

LS.4.5.14. Populations and Ecosystems: Categorize organisms by the function they serve in ecosystems and food webs: predator/prey, parasitism, producer/consumer/decomposer, scavenger, herbivore/carnivore/ omnivore 34
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.5.14.

LS.4.5.15. Populations and Ecosystems: Conduct field studies identifying and categorizing organisms in a given area of an ecosystem 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.5.15.

LS.4.5.16. Populations and Ecosystems: Evaluate positive and negative human effects on ecosystems 70
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.5.16.

LS.4.5.17. Populations and Ecosystems: Describe and illustrate various symbiotic relationships: parasitism, mutualism, commensalism 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.5.17.

LS.4.5.18. Populations and Ecosystems: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to populations and ecosystems 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.5.18.

AR.5. Physical Science: Matter: Properties and Changes: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of matter, including properties and changes, using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.5.5.1. Properties of Matter: Identify the relationship of atoms to all matter 7
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.5.1.

PS.5.5.2. Properties of Matter: Conduct scientific investigations on physical properties of objects 5
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.5.2.

PS.5.5.3. Properties of Matter: Identify common examples of physical properties: length, mass, area, perimeter, texture, taste, odor, color, elasticity 18
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.5.3.

PS.5.5.4. Properties of Matter: State characteristics of physical changes 44
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.5.4.

PS.5.5.5. Properties of Matter: Identify characteristics and common examples of physical changes 44
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.5.5.

PS.5.5.6. Properties of Matter: Explain how heat influences the states of matter of a substance: solid, liquid, gas, plasma 16
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.5.6.

PS.5.5.7. Properties of Matter: Demonstrate the effect of changes in the physical properties of matter 13
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.5.7.

PS.5.5.8. Properties of Matter: Model the motion and position of molecules in solids, liquids, and gases in terms of kinetic energy 21
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.5.8.

PS.5.5.9. Properties of Matter: Conduct investigations demonstrating expansion and contraction 5
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.5.9.

PS.5.5.10. Properties of Matter: Investigate scientists, careers, and historical breakthroughs related to physical properties, physical changes, and states of matter 25
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.5.10.

AR.6. Physical Science: Motion and Forces: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of motion and forces using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.6.5.1. Motion and Forces: Classify simple machines 19
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.5.1.

PS.6.5.2. Motion and Forces: Conduct investigations using levers (e.g., toothbrush), pulleys, inclined planes-ramps, wedges, and screws, wheels and axles 19
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.5.2.

PS.6.5.3. Motion and Forces: Relate simple machines to inventions and discoveries 19
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.5.3.

PS.6.5.4. Motion and Forces: Compare and contrast potential energy and kinetic energy as applied to motion 22
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.5.4.

PS.6.5.5. Motion and Forces: Classify real world examples as potential energy or kinetic energy as applied to motion 22
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.5.5.

PS.6.5.6. Motion and Forces: Conduct investigations using potential energy and kinetic energy 18
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.5.6.

PS.6.5.7. Motion and Forces: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to simple machines and potential and kinetic energy 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.5.7.

AR.7. Physical Science: Energy and Transfer of Energy: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of energy and transfer of energy using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.7.5.1. Energy: Summarize how light can interact with matter through absorption, refraction, and reflection 18
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.5.1.

PS.7.5.2. Energy: Investigate how light travels and interacts with an object or material 13
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.5.2.

PS.7.5.3. Energy: Conduct investigations demonstrating how an object can be seen 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.5.3.

PS.7.5.4. Energy: Design and conduct investigations of transparent, translucent, and opaque as applied to light 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.5.4.

PS.7.5.5. Energy: Investigate physical interactions of light and matter and the effect on color perception: refraction, absorption, transmission, scattering 5
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.5.5.

PS.7.5.6. Energy: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to light energy 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.5.6.

AR.8. Earth and Space Science: Earth Systems: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of Earth's structure and properties using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

ESS.8.5.1. Structure and Properties: Identify some basic elements composing minerals: silicon, oxygen, iron, sodium, chlorine, calcium, carbon, hydrogen, aluminum 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.5.1.

ESS.8.5.2. Structure and Properties: Investigate the growth of crystals 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.5.2.

ESS.8.5.3. Structure and Properties: Identify characteristics of minerals 7
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.5.3.

ESS.8.5.4. Structure and Properties: Conduct investigations on mineral properties: luster, hardness, streak, acid test for calcite, fluorescence 8
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.5.4.

ESS.8.5.5. Structure and Properties: Identify the following minerals: halite (salt), feldspar, sulfur, quartz, diamonds, gypsum, calcite, talc, hematite (iron), precious metals, (gold, silver) 8
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.5.5.

ESS.8.5.6. Structure and Properties: Identify minerals found in Arkansas: bauxite, diamonds, quartz, galena 7
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.5.6.

ESS.8.5.7. Structure and Properties: Identify characteristics of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks 18
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.5.7.

ESS.8.5.8. Structure and Properties: Compare and contrast by investigation characteristics of the three basic types of rocks: sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic 7
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.5.8.

ESS.8.5.9. Structure and Properties: Classify the three basic types of rocks 18
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.5.9.

ESS.8.5.10. Structure and Properties: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to minerals and rocks 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.5.10.

ESS.8.5.11. Cycles: Investigate the formation of soil 5
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.5.11.

ESS.8.5.12. Cycles: Conduct investigations on sedimentation 9
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.5.12.

ESS.8.5.13. Cycles: Describe and illustrate the rock cycle 7
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.5.13.

AR.9. Earth and Space Science: Earth's History: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of Earth's history using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

ESS.9.5.1. Earth's History: Explain and give examples of how physical evidence from fossils supports the theory that Earth has changed over time 28
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.9.5.1.

ESS.9.5.2. Earth's History: Analyze fossil record evidence about plants and animals that lived long ago 10
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.9.5.2.

ESS.9.5.3. Earth's History: Infer the nature of ancient environments based on fossil record evidence 10
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.9.5.3.

AR.10. Earth and Space Science: Objects in the Universe: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of objects in the universe using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

ESS.10.5.1. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Compare the physical characteristics of the sun to other stars: size, color, brightness 11
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.5.1.

ESS.10.5.2. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Demonstrate the order of planets and other space objects in our solar system 22
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.5.2.

ESS.10.5.3. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Compare the properties of planets in our solar system: size, shape, density, atmosphere, distance from the sun, orbital path, moons, surface, composition 7
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.5.3.

ESS 10.5.4. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Distinguish between mass and weight 16
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS 10.5.4.

ESS.10.5.5. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Compare the human body's mass to weight on Earth, the moon, and other planets in our solar system 22
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.5.5.

ESS.10.5.6. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to planets 7
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.5.6.

AR.1. Nature of Science: Characteristics and Processes of Science: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of the characteristics and processes of science using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

NS.1.6.1. Processes of Science: Verify accuracy of observations 11
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.6.1.

NS.1.6.2. Processes of Science: Apply components of experimental design used to produce empirical evidence: hypothesis, replication, sample size, appropriate use of control, use of standardized variables 11
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.6.2.

NS.1.6.3. Processes of Science: Compare scientific data using mean, median, mode, and range using SI units 7
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.6.3.

NS.1.6.4. Processes of Science: Construct and interpret scientific data using data tables/charts, bar and double bar graphs, line graphs, stem and leaf plots, line graphs 13
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.6.4.

NS.1.6.5. Processes of Science: Communicate results and conclusions from scientific inquiry 11
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.6.5.

NS.1.6.6. Processes of Science: Develop and implement strategies for long-term, accurate data collection 8
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.6.6.

NS.1.6.7. Characteristics of Science: Distinguish between scientific fact and opinion 11
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.6.7.

NS.1.6.8. Characteristics of Science: Explain the role of prediction in the development of a theory 11
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.6.8.

NS.1.6.9. Characteristics of Science: Define and give examples of laws and theories 13
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.6.9.

AR.2. Life Science: Living Systems: Characteristics, Structure, and Function: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of living systems using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

LS.2.6.1. Structure and Function: Observe, describe, and illustrate plant and animal tissues: muscle, blood, skin, xylem, phloem 136
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.6.1.

LS.2.6.2. Structure and Function: Illustrate the hierarchical relationships of cells, tissues, and organs 18
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.6.2.

LS.2.6.3. Structure and Function: Investigate the functions of tissues 98
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.6.3.

LS.2.6.4. Structure and Function: Model and explain the functions of animal organs: heart, lung, kidneys, eyes, ears, skin, teeth 35
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.6.4.

LS.2.6.5. Structure and Function: Model and explain the function of plant organs: leaves, roots, stems, flowers 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.6.5.

LS.2.6.6. Structure and Function: Dissect organs, including but not limited to heart, eye, lung, stem, root 16
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.6.6.

LS.2.6.7. Structure and Function: Describe the relationship between organ function and the following needs of cells: oxygen, food, water, waste removal 18
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.6.7.

LS.2.6.8. Structure and Function: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to tissues and organs 77
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.6.8.

AR.3. Life Science: Life Cycles, Reproduction, and Heredity: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of life cycles, reproduction, and heredity using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

LS.3.6.1. Heredity and Reproduction: Describe characteristics of plants and animals manipulated through selective breeding 8
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.6.1.

LS.3.6.2. Heredity and Reproduction: Predict the outcome of selective breeding practices over several generations 8
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.6.2.

LS.3.6.3. Heredity and Reproduction: Relate the development of Earth's present-day complex species from earlier, distinctly different simpler species 2
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.6.3.

LS.3.6.4. Heredity and Reproduction: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to adaptations and selective breeding 8
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.6.4.

LS.3.6.5. Regulation and Behavior: Describe behavioral adaptations of organisms to the environment: hibernation, estivation, tropism, territorial behavior, migration 18
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.6.5.

LS.3.6.6. Regulation and Behavior: Differentiate between innate behaviors (migration, web spinning, defensive posture, communication, imprinting) and learned behaviors (speaking a language, using tools, hunting skills) 7
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.6.6.

LS.3.6.7. Regulation and Behavior: Describe the following structural adaptations for survival in the environment: coloration, mimicry, odor glands, beaks, feet, wings, fur, ears, spines, teeth, thorns, characteristics of seeds 15
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.6.7.

LS.3.6.8. Regulation and Behavior: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to learned and innate behaviors 127
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.6.8.

AR.4. Life Science: Populations and Ecosystems: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of populations and ecosystems using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

LS.4.6.1. Populations and Ecosystems: Identify environmental conditions that can affect the survival of individual organisms and entire species 23
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.6.1.

LS.4.6.2. Populations and Ecosystems: Conduct simulations demonstrating competition for resources within an ecosystem 24
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.6.2.

LS.4.6.3. Populations and Ecosystems: Conduct simulations demonstrating natural selection 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.6.3.

LS.4.6.4. Populations and Ecosystems: Analyze natural selection 5
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.6.4.

AR.5. Physical Science: Matter: Properties and Changes: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of matter, including properties and changes, using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.5.6.1. Properties of Matter: Identify common examples of chemical properties: ability to burn, ability to produce light, ability to react with other substances 33
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.6.1.

PS.5.6.2. Properties of Matter: Compare and contrast characteristics of physical and chemical properties 41
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.6.2.

PS.5.6.3. Properties of Matter: Conduct investigations using acid/base indicators 2
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.6.3.

PS.5.6.4. Properties of Matter: Apply skills of scientific investigation to determine density using SI units 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.6.4.

PS.5.6.5. Properties of Matter: Construct a density column using a minimum of four different liquids (e.g., alcohol, colored water, syrup, oil) 2
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.6.5.

PS.5.6.6. Properties of Matter: Use a density column to test the density of various solid objects (e.g., piece of candy, cork, candle, paper clip, egg)

PS.5.6.7. Properties of Matter: Identify characteristics of chemical changes: burning, production of a new substance, production of light, color change, endothermic and exothermic reactions, reactivity 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.6.7.

PS.5.6.8. Properties of Matter: Conduct investigations comparing and contrasting physical and chemical changes 7
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.6.8.

PS.5.6.9. Properties of Matter: Demonstrate the law of the conservation of matter 11
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.6.9.

PS.5.6.10. Properties of Matter: Investigate scientists, careers, and historical breakthroughs related to chemical properties and chemical changes 21
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.6.10.

AR.6. Physical Science: Motion and Forces: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of motion and forces using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.6.6.1. Motion and Forces: Compare and contrast simple machines and compound machines 19
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.6.1.

PS.6.6.2. Motion and Forces: Identify and analyze the simple machines that make up a compound machine 19
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.6.2.

PS.6.6.3. Motion and Forces: Conduct investigations of various forces using SI units (newton) 5
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.6.3.

PS.6.6.4. Motion and Forces: Recognize and give examples of different types of forces: gravitational forces, magnetic forces, friction 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.6.4.

PS.6.6.5. Motion and Forces: Understand why objects have weight 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.6.5.

PS.6.6.6. Motion and Forces: Compare and contrast weight and mass 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.6.6.

PS.6.6.7. Motion and Forces: Describe the effects of force: move a stationary object, speed up, slow down or change the direction of motion, change the shape of objects 5
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.6.7.

PS.6.6.8. Motion and Forces: Conduct investigations to demonstrate change in direction caused by force 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.6.8.

PS.6.6.9. Motion and Forces: Conduct investigations to calculate the change in speed caused by applying forces to an object 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.6.9.

PS.6.6.10. Motion and Forces: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to compound machines and forces 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.6.10.

AR.7. Physical Science: Energy and Transfer of Energy: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of energy and transfer of energy using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.7.6.1. Energy: Classify examples of energy forms: chemical, electromagnetic, mechanical, thermal, nuclear 20
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.6.1.

PS.7.6.2. Energy: Summarize the application of the law of conservation of energy in real world situations: electrical energy into mechanical energy, electrical energy into heat, chemical energy into mechanical energy, chemical energy into light 20
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.6.2.

PS.7.6.3. Energy: Conduct investigations demonstrating how energy can be converted from one form to another 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.6.3.

PS.7.6.4. Energy: Investigate the transfer of energy in real world situations: conduction, convection, radiation 20
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.6.4.

PS.7.6.5. Energy: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to energy forms and conversions 74
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.6.5.

AR.8. Earth and Space Science: Earth Systems: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of Earth's structure and properties using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

ESS.8.6.1. Structure and Properties: Identify and diagram the layers of the Earth: crust, mantle, inner and outer core 5
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.6.1.

ESS.8.6.2. Structure and Properties: Model the layers of the Earth 5
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.6.2.

ESS.8.6.3. Structure and Properties: Model how convection currents in the mantle affect lithosphere movement 12
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.6.3.

ESS.8.6.4. Structure and Properties: Conduct investigations to identify the variables within volcanoes that cause different types of eruptions 11
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.6.4.

ESS.8.6.5. Structure and Properties: Diagram and explain how volcanoes work 11
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.6.5.

ESS.8.6.6. Structure and Properties: Explain how volcanic activity relates to mountain formation 11
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.6.6.

ESS.8.6.7. Structure and Properties: Connect short-term changes in climate with volcanic activity 15
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.6.7.

ESS.8.6.8. Structure and Properties: Compare and contrast the different land forms caused by Earth's internal forces: mountains, plateaus, trenches, islands 25
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.6.8.

ESS.8.6.9. Structure and Properties: Research local, regional, and state landforms created by internal forces in the earth: Ozark Plateau, Crater of Diamonds, Ouachita Mountains, New Madrid Fault 17
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.6.9.

ESS.8.6.10. Structure and Properties: Identify the effects of earthquakes on Earth's surface: tsunamis, floods, changes in natural and man-made structures 9
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.6.10.

ESS.8.6.11. Structure and Properties: Investigate and map patterns of earthquake and volcanic activity 16
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.6.11.

ESS.8.6.12. Structure and Properties: Locate earthquake belts on Earth: Mediterranean-Trans-Asiatic, Circum-Pacific (Ring of Fire) 9
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.6.12.

ESS.8.6.13. Structure and Properties: Analyze how earthquake occurrences are recorded (seismograph) and measured (Richter scale) 9
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.6.13.

ESS.8.6.14. Structure and Properties: Model the effect of major geological events on land and ocean features: mountain building, ocean trenches, island formation, mid-ocean ridges 30
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.6.14.

ESS.8.6.15. Structure and Properties: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to internal forces that change the Earth 2
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.6.15.

AR.9. Earth and Space Science: Earth's History: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of Earth's history using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

ESS.9.6.1. Earth's History: Research methods of determining geologic time: fossil records, mountain building, rock sequencing 27
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.9.6.1.

ESS.9.6.2. Earth's History: Model rock layer sequencing based on characteristics of fossils 27
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.9.6.2.

ESS.9.6.3. Earth's History: Analyze evidence that supports the theory of plate tectonics: matching coastlines, similar rock types, fossil record 36
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.9.6.3.

AR.10. Earth and Space Science: Objects in the Universe: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of objects in the universe using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

ESS.10.6.1. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Explain how planets seem to wander against the background of the stars 16
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.6.1.

ESS.10.6.2. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Compare the distance of the following: from the sun to Earth (light minutes), from the next nearest star to Earth (light years) 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.6.2.

ESS.10.6.3. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Describe how astronomers measure distance to stars 30
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.6.3.

ESS.10.6.4. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Calculate the rate at which we would have to travel to other stars and planets in our solar system using current technology 24
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.6.4.

ESS.10.6.5. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Explain the effect of the sun on comets 7
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.6.5.

ESS.10.6.6. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Compare and contrast comets, meteors, and asteroids by size, orbits, nucleus, mass 5
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.6.6.

ESS.10.6.7. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Model moon phases demonstrating the position of Earth, moon, and sun 22
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.6.7.

ESS.10.6.8. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Compare and contrast solar eclipse and lunar eclipse 21
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.6.8.

ESS.10.6.9. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to the sun and space travel 26
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.6.9.

AR.1. Nature of Science: Characteristics and Processes of Science: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of the characteristics and processes of science using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

NS.1.7.1. Processes of Science: Interpret evidence based on observations 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.7.1.

NS.1.7.2. Processes of Science: Analyze components of experimental design used to produce empirical evidence: hypothesis, replication, sample size, appropriate use of control, use of standardized variables 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.7.2.

NS.1.7.3. Processes of Science: Interpret scientific data using mean, median, mode, and range using SI units 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.7.3.

NS.1.7.4. Processes of Science: Construct and interpret scientific data using histograms, circle graphs, scatter plots, double line graphs, line graphs by approximating line of best fit 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.7.4.

NS.1.7.5. Processes of Science: Communicate results and conclusions from scientific inquiry 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.7.5.

NS.1.7.6. Processes of Science: Develop and implement strategies for long-term, accurate data collection 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.7.6.

NS.1.7.7. Characteristics of Science: Distinguish between questions that can and cannot be answered by science 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.7.7.

NS.1.7.8. Characteristics of Science: Explain the role of testability and modification in the development of a theory 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.7.8.

NS.1.7.9. Characteristics of Science: Compare and contrast hypotheses, laws, and theories 12
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.7.9.

AR.2. Life Science: Living Systems: Characteristics, Structure, and Function: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of living systems using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

LS.2.7.1. Structure and Function: Illustrate the hierarchical relationships of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems 23
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.7.1.

LS.2.7.2. Structure and Function: Analyze how two or more organs work together to perform a function (e.g., mouth and stomach to digest food) 23
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.7.2.

LS.2.7.3. Structure and Function: Identify organ systems in vertebrates and plants 49
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.7.3.

LS.2.7.4. Structure and Function: Analyze the structure and function of tissues, organs, and organ systems of a vertebrate and an angiosperm using various models or methods of dissection 49
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.7.4.

LS.2.7.5. Structure and Function: Compare and contrast vertebrate systems and plant organ systems 50
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.7.5.

LS.2.7.6. Structure and Function: Identify human body systems: nervous, digestive, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, integumentary, skeletal/muscular, endocrine, reproductive 23
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.7.6.

LS.2.7.7. Structure and Function: Relate the structure of vertebrate and plant body systems to their functions 23
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.7.7.

LS.2.7.8. Structure and Function: Investigate functions of human body systems 23
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.7.8.

LS.2.7.9. Structure and Function: Describe interactions between major organ systems 23
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.7.9.

LS.2.7.10. Structure and Function: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to life systems 120
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.7.10.

AR.3. Life Science: Life Cycles, Reproduction, and Heredity: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of life cycles, reproduction, and heredity using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

LS.3.7.1. Heredity and Reproduction: Explain that the fertilized egg cell carries genetic information from each parent and multiplies to form a complete organism 36
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.7.1.

LS.3.7.2. Heredity and Reproduction: Distinguish between sperm cells and egg cells 17
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.7.2.

LS.3.7.3. Heredity and Reproduction: Compare and contrast the structure and function of the sperm cell and the egg cell in vertebrates and plants and their role in sexual reproduction 17
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.7.3.

LS.3.7.4. Heredity and Reproduction: Investigate and analyze the development of embryos 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.7.4.

LS.3.7.5. Heredity and Reproduction: Dissect a poultry egg to analyze its structure (e.g., paper, plastic, or clay models, virtual dissection, or specimen dissection) 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.7.5.

LS.3.7.6. Heredity and Reproduction: Dissect a flower to analyze the reproductive system of angiosperms (e.g., paper, plastic, or clay models; virtual dissection; or specimen dissection) 29
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.7.6.

LS.3.7.7. Heredity and Reproduction: Differentiate between sexual and asexual reproduction in vertebrates, plants 9
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.7.7.

LS.3.7.8. Heredity and Reproduction: Identify the number and source of chromosomes in human body cells 22
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.7.8.

LS.3.7.9. Heredity and Reproduction: Identify the number and source of chromosomes in human sex cells 22
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.7.9.

LS.3.7.10. Heredity and Reproduction: Explain the role of cell division 22
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.7.10.

LS.3.7.11. Heredity and Reproduction: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to reproduction 116
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.7.11.

LS.3.7.12. Regulation and Behavior: Summarize the interactions between organ systems in the maintenance of homeostasis 73
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.7.12.

AR.4. Life Science: Populations and Ecosystems: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of populations and ecosystems using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

LS.4.7.1. Populations and Ecosystems: Explain the role of reproduction in the continuation of a species 52
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.7.1.

AR.5. Physical Science: Matter: Properties and Changes: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of matter, including properties and changes, using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.5.7.1. Properties of Matter: Explain how a small number of naturally-occurring elements can result in the large variety of substances found in the world 22
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.7.1.

PS.5.7.2. Properties of Matter: Create models of common compounds: water, carbon dioxide, salt, iron oxide, ammonia 16
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.7.2.

PS.5.7.3. Properties of Matter: Identify compounds as substances consisting of two or more elements chemically combined 16
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.7.3.

PS.5.7.4. Properties of Matter: Compare and contrast properties of compounds to those of the elements that compose them: salt: sodium, chlorine, water: hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide: carbon, oxygen 16
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.7.4.

PS.5.7.5. Properties of Matter: Demonstrate techniques for forming and separating mixtures: mixing, magnetic attraction, evaporation, filtration, chromatography, settling 16
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.7.5.

PS.5.7.6. Properties of Matter: Classify substances as elements, compounds, mixtures 25
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.7.6.

PS.5.7.7. Properties of Matter: Distinguish among solvent, solute, and solution 18
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.7.7.

PS.5.7.8. Properties of Matter: Investigate the effect of variables on solubility rates 18
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.7.8.

PS.5.7.9. Properties of Matter: Interpret solubility graphs 28
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.7.9.

PS.5.7.10. Properties of Matter: Investigate scientists, careers, and historical breakthroughs related to elements, mixtures, and compounds 7
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.7.10.

AR.6. Physical Science: Motion and Forces: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of motion and forces using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.6.7.1. Motion and Forces: Compare and contrast Newton's three laws of motion 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.7.1.

PS.6.7.2. Motion and Forces: Conduct investigations demonstrating Newton's first law of motion 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.7.2.

PS.6.7.3. Motion and Forces: Demonstrate Newton's second law of motion 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.7.3.

PS.6.7.4. Motion and Forces: Conduct investigations of Newton's third law of motion 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.7.4.

PS.6.7.5. Motion and Forces: Explain how Newton's three laws of motion apply to real world situations (e.g., sports, transportation) 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.7.5.

PS.6.7.6. Motion and Forces: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to laws of motion 5
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.7.6.

AR.7. Physical Science: Energy and Transfer of Energy: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of energy and transfer of energy using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.7.7.1. Energy: Identify natural resources used to supply energy needs 34
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.7.1.

PS.7.7.2. Energy: Describe alternatives to the use of fossil fuels: solar energy, geothermal energy, wind, hydroelectric power, nuclear energy, biomass 34
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.7.2.

PS.7.7.3. Energy: Conduct investigations to identify types of potential energy and kinetic energy 34
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.7.3.

PS.7.7.4. Energy: Investigate alternative energy sources 34
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.7.4.

PS.7.7.5. Energy: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to natural resources, alternative resources, electricity, and magnetism 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.7.5.

AR.8. Earth and Space Science: Earth Systems: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of Earth's structure and properties using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

ESS.8.7.1. Structure and Properties: Describe the composition and physical characteristics of the atmosphere 9
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.1.

ESS.8.7.2. Structure and Properties: Investigate the influence of global patterns on local weather: movement of air masses, Coriolis effect, jet stream, global wind belts 42
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.2.

ESS.8.7.3. Structure and Properties: Conduct investigations demonstrating the effects of solar energy on the atmosphere 9
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.3.

ESS.8.7.4. Structure and Properties: Investigate the effect that oceans have on climate 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.4.

ESS.8.7.5. Structure and Properties: Identify elements of weather: temperature, air pressure, wind speed, wind direction, humidity 42
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.5.

ESS.8.7.6. Structure and Properties: Conduct investigations using weather measurement devices: anemometers, barometers, sling psychrometers, thermometers, weather charts 1
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.6.

ESS.8.7.7. Structure and Properties: Predict weather conditions using data on the following: temperature, air pressure: highs, lows, fronts, clouds, wind speed, wind direction, humidity 32
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.7.

ESS.8.7.8. Structure and Properties: Identify the causes and effects of weather-related phenomena: thunderstorms, tornadoes/ hurricanes/cyclones/ typhoons, drought, acid precipitation 67
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.8.

ESS.8.7.9. Structure and Properties: Explain tornado belt weather patterns using a map of the United States 5
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.9.

ESS.8.7.10. Structure and Properties: Describe ways human beings protect themselves, others, and their property from adverse weather conditions 67
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.10.

ESS.8.7.11. Structure and Properties: Describe and map climates of major Earth regions 75
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.11.

ESS.8.7.12. Structure and Properties: Analyze the effect of the shape of Earth and the tilt of Earth's axis on climate 28
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.12.

ESS.8.7.13. Structure and Properties: Identify and explain the effects that human activities have on weather and atmosphere 91
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.13.

ESS.8.7.14. Structure and Properties: Describe causes and effects of acid precipitation 81
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.14.

ESS.8.7.15. Structure and Properties: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to atmosphere and weather 11
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.15.

ESS.8.7.16. Cycles: Conduct investigations demonstrating the water cycle 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.16.

ESS.8.7.17. Cycles: Explain the relationship between the water cycle and ground water 9
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.17.

ESS.8.7.18. Cycles: Investigate cloud formation 27
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.18.

ESS.8.7.19. Cycles: Conduct investigations demonstrating the greenhouse effect 22
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.19.

ESS.8.7.20. Cycles: Research how human activities may contribute to global warming 81
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.20.

ESS.8.7.21. Cycles: Explain examples of actual events that cause temporary climate changes: volcanic dust, drought, meteor impact 13
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.7.21.

AR.9. Earth and Space Science: Earth's History: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of Earth's history using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

ESS.9.7.1. Earth's History: Analyze charts to infer past atmospheric conditions based on the organisms found in the fossil record 10
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.9.7.1.

ESS.9.7.2. Earth's History: Demonstrate that Earth has a magnetic field that is detectible at the surface with a compass 5
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.9.7.2.

ESS.9.7.3. Earth's History: Compare and contrast Earth's magnetic field to those of natural or human-made magnets with North and South poles, lines of force 5
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.9.7.3.

ESS.9.7.4. Earth's History: Analyze evidence of sea floor spreading: magnetic reversal, molten material, drilling samples 9
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.9.7.4.

ESS.9.7.5. Earth's History: Research ways in which people have used compasses 25
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.9.7.5.

AR.10. Earth and Space Science: Objects in the Universe: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of objects in the universe using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

ESS.10.7.1. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Identify and model the causes of night and day 8
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.7.1.

ESS.10.7.2. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Compare and contrast Earth's day to those of other planets in our solar system 10
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.7.2.

ESS.10.7.3. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Identify and model the cause of planetary years 10
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.7.3.

ESS.10.7.4. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Compare and contrast Earth's year to those of other planets in our solar system 10
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.7.4.

ESS.10.7.5. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Identify and model the causes of seasons 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.7.5.

ESS.10.7.6. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to rotations and revolutions of bodies in space 10
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.7.6.

AR.1. Nature of Science: Characteristics and Processes of Science: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of the characteristics and processes of science using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

NS.1.8.1. Processes of Science: Justify conclusions based on appropriate and unbiased observations 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.8.1.

NS.1.8.2. Processes of Science: Evaluate the merits of empirical evidence based on experimental design: hypothesis, replication, sample size, appropriate use of control, use of standardized independent and dependent variables 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.8.2.

NS.1.8.3. Processes of Science: Formulate a testable problem using experimental design 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.8.3.

NS.1.8.4. Processes of Science: Analyze a set of scientific data using mean, median, mode, and range using SI units 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.8.4.

NS.1.8.5. Processes of Science: Suggest solutions to real world problems by analyzing scientific data in data tables/charts, histograms, circle graphs, scatter plots, stem and leaf plots, line and double line, graphs by approximating line of best fit 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.8.5.

NS.1.8.6. Processes of Science: Formulate inferences based on scientific data 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.8.6.

NS.1.8.7. Processes of Science: Communicate results and conclusions from scientific inquiry following peer review 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.8.7.

NS.1.8.8. Processes of Science: Develop and implement strategies for long-term, accurate data collection 2
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.8.8.

NS.1.8.9. Characteristics of Science: Generate questions that can and cannot be answered by science 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.8.9.

NS.1.8.10. Characteristics of Science: Explain the role of peer review, evidence, and modification in the development of a theory 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.8.10.

NS.1.8.11. Characteristics of Science: Evaluate the merit of hypotheses, laws, and theories 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard NS.1.8.11.

AR.2. Life Science: Living Systems: Characteristics, Structure, and Function: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of living systems using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

LS.2.8.1. Structure and Function: Illustrate the hierarchical relationships of cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms 30
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.8.1.

LS.2.8.2. Structure and Function: Identify different types of single-celled organisms: protists, bacteria 21
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.8.2.

LS.2.8.3. Structure and Function: Relate the effect of bacteria on oral health 47
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.8.3.

LS.2.8.4. Structure and Function: Describe and illustrate single-celled organisms found in pond water 80
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.8.4.

LS.2.8.5. Structure and Function: Use a dichotomous key to classify organisms found in pond water 80
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.8.5.

LS.2.8.6. Structure and Function: Compare and contrast characteristics of unicellular organisms and multi-cellular organisms 126
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.8.6.

LS.2.8.7. Structure and Function: Classify cells as eukaryotic or prokaryotic 21
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.8.7.

LS.2.8.8. Structure and Function: Identify and describe similarities and differences among organisms of different, but closely related taxa (e.g., pine trees, big cats, rodents, ungulates) 12
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.8.8.

LS.2.8.9. Structure and Function: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to organisms 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.2.8.9.

AR.3. Life Science: Life Cycles, Reproduction, and Heredity: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of life cycles, reproduction, and heredity using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

LS.3.8.1. Heredity and Reproduction: Identify and explain why inherited characteristics of living things depend on genes 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.8.1.

LS.3.8.2. Heredity and Reproduction: Differentiate between dominant and recessive traits 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.8.2.

LS.3.8.3. Heredity and Reproduction: Observe and classify traits as dominant or recessive: tongue rolling, detached earlobes, widow's peak, hitchhiker's thumb, dimples, unibrow 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.8.3.

LS.3.8.4. Heredity and Reproduction: Differentiate among observed inherited traits and acquired traits of plants and animals 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.8.4.

LS.3.8.5. Heredity and Reproduction: Interpret simple genetic crosses using Punnett Squares 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.8.5.

LS.3.8.6. Heredity and Reproduction: Predict patterns that emerge from simple genetic crosses 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.8.6.

LS.3.8.7. Heredity and Reproduction: Conduct investigations demonstrating that the phenotype of a genetic trait is the result of genotype 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.8.7.

LS.3.8.8. Heredity and Reproduction: Explain how genetic variation within a species is a result of dominant traits and recessive traits 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.8.8.

LS.3.8.9. Heredity and Reproduction: Compare and contrast patterns of embryological development for all vertebrates, including humans 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.8.9.

LS.3.8.10. Heredity and Reproduction: Distinguish between characteristics of plants and animals through selective breeding 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.8.10.

LS.3.8.11. Heredity and Reproduction: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to genetics 2
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.8.11.

LS.3.8.12. Regulation and Behavior: Compare the theory of evolution to the characteristics of a scientific theory 20
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.8.12.

LS.3.8.13. Regulation and Behavior: Identify basic ideas related to biological evolution: diversity of species, variations within species, adaptations, natural selection, extinction of a species 22
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.8.13.

LS.3.8.14. Regulation and Behavior: Explain that the fossil record provides evidence of life forms' appearance, diversification, and extinction 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.8.14.

LS.3.8.15. Regulation and Behavior: Explain the process of natural selection 20
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.8.15.

LS.3.8.16. Regulation and Behavior: Identify genetic traits that make organisms more likely to survive and reproduce in a particular environment 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.8.16.

LS.3.8.17. Regulation and Behavior: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to natural selection and the fossil record 10
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.3.8.17.

AR.4. Life Science: Populations and Ecosystems: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of populations and ecosystems using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology.

LS.4.8.1. Populations and Ecosystems: Analyze the effect of changes in environmental conditions on the survival of individual organisms and entire species 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard LS.4.8.1.

AR.5. Physical Science: Matter: Properties and Changes: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of matter, including properties and changes, using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.5.8.1. Properties of Matter: Compare the atomic theory to the characteristics of a scientific theory 11
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.8.1.

PS.5.8.2. Properties of Matter: Explain the structure of atoms 11
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.8.2.

PS.5.8.3. Properties of Matter: Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom 11
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.8.3.

PS.5.8.4. Properties of Matter: Create atomic models of common elements 17
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.8.4.

PS.5.8.5. Properties of Matter: Investigate scientists, careers, and historical breakthroughs related to the atomic theory 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.5.8.5.

AR.6. Physical Science: Motion and Forces: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of motion and forces using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.6.8.1. Motion and Forces: Model how motion and forces change Earth's surface: compression, tension, weathering, erosion 8
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.8.1.

PS.6.8.2. Motion and Forces: Conduct investigations demonstrating the field force (lines of force) in magnetic fields 1
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.8.2.

PS.6.8.3. Motion and Forces: Design and conduct investigations applying variables affecting the strength of an electromagnet 1
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.8.3.

PS.6.8.4. Motion and Forces: Analyze and compare the relationship between electricity and magnetism 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.8.4.

PS.6.8.5. Motion and Forces: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to motion and forces that change Earth's surface 3
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.6.8.5.

AR.7. Physical Science: Energy and Transfer of Energy: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of energy and transfer of energy using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

PS.7.8.1. Energy: Construct open and closed electrical circuits: series circuits, parallel circuits 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.8.1.

PS.7.8.2. Energy: Describe and diagram open and closed series and parallel circuits 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.8.2.

PS.7.8.3. Energy: Compare and contrast open and closed series circuits and parallel circuits 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.8.3.

PS.7.8.4. Energy: Conduct investigations demonstrating the characteristics of a wave: wavelength, frequency, speed, amplitude 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.8.4.

PS.7.8.5. Energy: Conduct investigations of longitudinal and transverse waves to determine how they are different 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.8.5.

PS.7.8.6. Energy: Explain how energy is transferred through waves: seismic waves, sound waves, water waves, electromagnetic waves 15
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.8.6.

PS.7.8.7. Energy: Describe how waves travel through different kinds of media 15
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.8.7.

PS.7.8.8. Energy: Differentiate among reflection, refraction, and absorption of various types of waves 15
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.8.8.

PS.7.8.9. Energy: Describe and diagram the electromagnetic spectrum 15
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.8.9.

PS.7.8.10. Energy: Analyze the electromagnetic spectrum 15
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.8.10.

PS.7.8.11. Energy: Investigate examples of real world uses of the electromagnetic spectrum 15
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.8.11.

PS.7.8.12. Energy: Conduct investigations demonstrating the separation of white light into its spectrum using refraction 2
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.8.12.

PS.7.8.13. Energy: Compare ways to transfer information: sound, light, radio, microwave energy 11
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.8.13.

PS.7.8.14. Energy: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to waves and the electromagnetic spectrum 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard PS.7.8.14.

AR.8. Earth and Space Science: Earth Systems: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of Earth's structure and properties using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

ESS.8.8.1. Structure and Properties: Analyze the causes and predict the consequences of global warming on the following: weather, temperature, ocean water levels 36
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.8.1.

ESS.8.8.2. Structure and Properties: Investigate how global patterns of water currents influence local weather: Gulf Stream, Atlantic Currents, California Current 23
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.8.2.

ESS.8.8.3. Structure and Properties: Conduct investigations to compare and contrast different landforms found on Earth: mountains, plateaus, plains

ESS.8.8.4. Structure and Properties: Synthesize and model the result of both constructive and destructive forces on land forms: deposition, erosion, weathering, crustal deformation

ESS.8.8.5. Structure and Properties: Compare and contrast the different landforms caused by Earth's external forces: plains, canyons, deltas, valleys, swamps 14
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.8.5.

ESS.8.8.6. Structure and Properties: Research local, regional, and state landforms created by external forces on Earth: Gulf Coastal Plain, Arkansas River Valley, Mississippi Alluvial Plain, including the delta region, Crowley's Ridge 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.8.6.

ESS.8.8.7. Structure and Properties: Use topographic maps to identify surface features of Earth 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.8.7.

ESS.8.8.8. Structure and Properties: Demonstrate an understanding of the agents of erosion: gravity, water, ice, wind, animals, including humans 92
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.8.8.

ESS.8.8.9. Structure and Properties: Using models of rivers, predict changes when variables, such as load, slope, amount of water, or the composition of a stream bed, are changed through erosion or deposition 9
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.8.9.

ESS.8.8.10. Structure and Properties: Explain how weathering and erosion affect the oceans' salinity 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.8.10.

ESS.8.8.11. Structure and Properties: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to external forces that change the Earth 8
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.8.11.

ESS.8.8.12. Cycles: Investigate the types of weathering involved in the breakdown of organic and inorganic components of Earth's surface 12
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.8.12.

ESS.8.8.13. Cycles: Illustrate soil profiles 2
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.8.13.

ESS.8.8.14. Cycles: Apply knowledge of soil profiles to local soil samples 2
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.8.14.

ESS.8.8.15. Cycles: Investigate the formation of soil types 2
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.8.15.

ESS.8.8.16. Cycles: Identify components of soil as inorganic or organic through investigations 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.8.16.

ESS.8.8.17. Cycles: Identify the basic nutrients needed by plants that are present in soils: nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium 41
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.8.17.

ESS.8.8.18. Cycles: Identify ways plants use organic and inorganic components in the soil 41
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.8.18.

ESS.8.8.19. Cycles: Investigate and analyze the composition of a variety of soils 2
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.8.19.

ESS.8.8.20. Cycles: Conduct investigations on soil permeability 2
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.8.8.20.

AR.9. Earth and Space Science: Earth's History: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of Earth's history using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

ESS.9.8.1. Earth's History: Explain processes that have changed Earth's surface that have resulted from sudden events (e.g., earthquakes and volcanoes) and gradual changes (e.g., uplift, erosion, and weathering) 10
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.9.8.1.

ESS.9.8.2. Earth's History: Analyze how rock sequences may be disturbed by the following: erosion, deposition, igneous intrusion, folding, faulting, uplifting 7
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.9.8.2.

ESS.9.8.3. Earth's History: Explain how scientists determine the relative ages of fossils found in layers of sedimentary rock: law of superposition, law of cross-cutting 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.9.8.3.

ESS.9.8.4. Earth's History: Apply geologic laws of superposition and cross-cutting to determine the relative age of rock in a cross section 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.9.8.4.

AR.10. Earth and Space Science: Objects in the Universe: Students shall demonstrate and apply knowledge of objects in the universe using appropriate safety procedures, equipment, and technology

ESS.10.8.1. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Summarize the effects of gravity on bodies in space 7
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.8.1.

ESS.10.8.2. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Identify variables that affect the amount of gravitational force between two objects: mass of the objects, distance between the objects 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.8.2.

ESS.10.8.3. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Relate the effects of the moon's gravitational force on Earth's ocean tides 6
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.8.3.

ESS.10.8.4. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Identify the causes of the following: high tides, low tides, spring tides, neap tides 7
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.8.4.

ESS.10.8.5. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Define the terms galaxy and universe 12
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.8.5.

ESS.10.8.6. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Illustrate the appearance of galaxies as seen through a telescope: clarity, shape 19
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.8.6.

ESS.10.8.7. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Compare and contrast the Milky Way Galaxy to other galaxies 19
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.8.7.

ESS.10.8.8. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Illustrate the position of our solar system within the Milky Way Galaxy 19
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.8.8.

ESS.10.8.9. Solar System: Sun, Earth, Moons, Planets, Galaxies: Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to gravity, galaxies, and the universe 4
Suggested Titles for Arkansas Science State Standard ESS.10.8.9.

AR.1.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Organization of the Human Body: Students shall explore the organizational structures of the body from the molecular to the organism level.

OHB.1.AP.1 Infer the relationship between anatomy and physiology

OHB.1.AP.2 Sequence the levels of organization of the human body

OHB.1.AP.3 Identify the major body systems

OHB.1.AP.4 Describe relative positions, body planes, body regions and body quadrants

OHB.1.AP.5 Identify the major body cavities and the subdivisions of each cavity

OHB.1.AP.6 Investigate homeostatic control mechanisms and their importance to health and diseases

OHB.1.AP.7 Predict the effect of positive and negative feedback mechanisms on homeostasis

OHB.1.AP.8 Identify the major characteristics of life: metabolism, responsiveness, movement, Growth, reproduction, differentiation

AR.2.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Cellular Chemistry: Students shall understand the role of chemistry in body processes.

CC.2.AP.1 Distinguish between matter and energy

CC.2.AP.2 Explain the basic assumptions and conclusions of the atomic theory

CC.2.AP.3 Distinguish between compounds and mixtures

CC.2.AP.4 Explain the role of ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds in the human body

CC.2.AP.5 Write simple formulas and chemical word equations for the four basic types of reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement

CC.2.AP.6 Analyze the role of water in the human body

CC.2.AP.7 Explain the relationship among acids, bases, and salts

CC.2.AP.8 Relate the concept of pH to homeostasis

CC.2.AP.9 Compare the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

CC.2.AP.10 Describe the characteristics and importance of enzymes

AR.3.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Anatomy and Physiology of the Cell: Students shall understand that cells are the basic, structural, and functional units of life.

APC.3.AP.1 Explain the structure and function of the plasma membrane

APC.3.AP.2 Compare and contrast the different ways in which substances cross the plasma membrane: diffusion and osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, filtration, endocytosis, exocytosis

APC.3.AP.3 Describe the structure and function of organelles and cell parts

APC.3.AP.4 Identify chemical substances produced by cells

APC.3.AP.5 Differentiate among replication, transcription, and translation

APC.3.AP.6 Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis

APC.3.AP.7 Explain the consequences of abnormal cell division

AR.4.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Tissues: Students shall understand the histology of the human body

T.4.AP.1 Describe the structure, location, and function of each tissue category: epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle

AR.5.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the integumentary system.

BS.5.AP.1 Identify the components of the integumentary system

BS.5.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the skin

BS.5.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the integumentary system

BS.5.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the integumentary system

AR.6.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the skeletal system.

BS.6.AP.1 Identify the components the skeletal system

BS.6.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the skeletal system

BS.6.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic and microscopic structure of bone

BS.6.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the skeletal system

AR.7.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the muscular system.

BS.7.AP.1 Identify the components the muscular system

BS.7.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the muscular system

BS.7.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of muscle

BS.7.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the muscular system

AR.8.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system.

BS.8.AP.1 Identify the components the nervous system

BS.8.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the nervous system

BS.8.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the nervous system

BS.8.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the nervous system

AR.9.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system.

BS.9.AP.1 Identify the components of the endocrine system

BS.9.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the endocrine system

BS.9.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the endocrine system

BS.9.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the endocrine system

AR.10.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system.

BS.10.AP.1 Identify the components of the cardiovascular system

BS.10.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the cardiovascular system

BS.10.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the cardiovascular system

BS.10.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the cardiovascular system

AR.11.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the immune and lymphatic systems.

BS.11.AP.1 Identify the components of the immune and lymphatic systems

BS.11.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the immune and lymphatic systems

BS.11.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the immune and lymphatic systems

BS.11.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the immune and lymphatic systems

AR.12.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system.

BS.12.AP.1 Identify the components of the respiratory system

BS.12.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the respiratory system

BS.12.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the respiratory system

BS.12.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the respiratory system

AR.13.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system.

BS.13.AP.1 Identify the components the digestive system

BS.13.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the digestive system

BS.13.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the digestive system

BS.13.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the digestive system

AR.14.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system.

BS.14.AP.1 Identify the components the urinary system

BS.14.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the urinary system

BS.14.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the urinary system

BS.14.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the urinary system

AR.15.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system

BS.15.AP.1 Describe the components and the organization of the reproductive system

BS.15.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the reproductive system

BS.15.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the reproductive system

BS.15.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the reproductive system

AR.16.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.16.AP.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.16.AP.2 Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws

NS.16.AP.3 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term 'theory' used in general conversation

NS.16.AP.4 Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data; scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.17.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall design and safely conduct scientific inquiry.

NS.17.AP.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.17.AP.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.17.AP.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.17.AP.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics

NS.17.AP.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

NS.17.AP.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables

AR.18.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of current life science theories.

NS.18.AP.1 Understand that scientific theories may be modified or expanded based on additional empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.18.AP.2 Relate the development of the cell theory to current trends in cellular biology

NS.18.AP.3 Describe the relationship between the germ theory of disease and our current knowledge of immunology and control of infectious diseases

NS.18.AP.4 Relate the chromosome theory of heredity to recent findings in genetic research (e.g., Human Genome Project-HGP, chromosome therapy)

NS.18.AP.5 Research current events and topics in human biology

AR.19.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve life science problems.

NS.19.AP.1 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables

NS.19.AP.2 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., microscopes, centrifuges, flexible arm cameras, computer software and hardware)

NS.19.AP.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.20.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.20.AP.1 Compare and contrast human biology concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.20.AP.2 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.20.AP.3 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.21.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various health science careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.21.AP.1 Research and evaluate health science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements; salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.B. Biology: Molecules and Cells: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of chemistry in life processes.

MC.1.B.1 Describe the structure and function of the major organic molecules found in living systems: carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, lipids, nucleic acids

MC.1.B.2 Describe the relationship between an enzyme and its substrate molecule(s)

MC.1.B.3 Investigate the properties and importance of water and its significance for life: surface tension, adhesion, cohesion, polarity, pH

MC.1.B.4 Explain the role of energy in chemical reactions of living systems: activation energy, exergonic reactions, endergonic reactions

AR.2.B. Biology: Molecules and Cells: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of cells.

MC.2.B.1 Construct a hierarchy of life from cells to ecosystems

MC.2.B.2 Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes

MC.2.B.3 Describe the role of sub-cellular structures in the life of a cell: organelles, ribosomes, cytoskeleton

MC.2.B.4 Relate the function of the plasma (cell) membrane to its structure

MC.2.B.5 Compare and contrast the structures of an animal cell to a plant cell

MC.2.B.6 Compare and contrast the functions of autotrophs and heterotrophs

MC.2.B.7 Compare and contrast active transport and passive transport mechanisms: diffusion, osmosis, endocytosis, exocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis

MC.2.B.8 Describe the main events in the cell cycle, including the differences in plant and animal cell division: interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

MC.2.B.9 List in order and describe the stages of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

MC.2.B.10 Analyze the meiotic maintenance of a constant chromosome number from one generation to the next

MC.2.B.11 Discuss homeostasis using thermoregulation as an example

AR.3.B. Biology: Molecules and Cells: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of how cells obtain and use energy (energetics).

MC.3.B.1 Compare and contrast the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts

MC.3.B.2 Describe and model the conversion of stored energy in organic molecules into usable cellular energy (ATP): glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

MC.3.B.3 Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration: lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation

MC.3.B.4 Describe and model the conversion of light energy to chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms: light dependent reactions, light independent reactions

MC.3.B.5 Compare and contrast cellular respiration and photosynthesis as energy conversion pathways

AR.4.B. Biology: Heredity and Evolution: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of heredity.

HE.4.B.1 Summarize the outcomes of Gregor Mendel's experimental procedures

HE.4.B.2 Differentiate among the laws and principles of inheritance: dominance, segregation, independent assortment

HE.4.B.3 Use the laws of probability and Punnett squares to predict genotypic and phenotypic ratios

HE.4.B.4 Examine different modes of inheritance: sex linkage, codominance, crossing over, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles

HE.4.B.5 Analyze the historically significant work of prominent geneticists

HE.4.B.6 Evaluate karyotypes for abnormalities: monosomy, trisomy

AR.5.B. Biology: Heredity and Evolution: Students shall investigate the molecular basis of genetics.

HE.5.B.1 Model the components of a DNA nucleotide and an RNA nucleotide

HE.5.B.2 Describe the Watson-Crick double helix model of DNA, using the base-pairing rule (adenine-thymine, cytosine-guanine)

HE.5.B.3 Compare and contrast the structure and function of DNA and RNA

HE.5.B.4 Describe and model the processes of replication, transcription, and translation

HE.5.B.5 Compare and contrast the different types of mutation events, including point mutation, frameshift mutation, deletion, and inversion

HE.5.B.6 Identify effects of changes brought about by mutations: beneficial, harmful, neutral

AR.6.B. Biology: Heredity and Evolution: Students shall examine the development of the theory of biological evolution.

HE.6.B.1 Compare and contrast Lamarck's explanation of evolution with Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection

HE.6.B.2 Recognize that evolution involves a change in allele frequencies in a population across successive generations

HE.6.B.3 Analyze the effects of mutations and the resulting variations within a population in terms of natural selection

HE.6.B.4 Illustrate mass extinction events using a time line

HE.6.B.5 Evaluate evolution in terms of evidence as found in the following: fossil record, DNA analysis, artificial selection, morphology, embryology, viral evolution, geographic distribution of related species, antibiotic and pesticide resistance in various organisms

HE.6.B.6 Compare the processes of relative dating and radioactive dating to determine the age of fossils

HE.6.B.7 Interpret a Cladogram

AR.7.B. Biology: Classification and the Diversity of Life: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that organisms are diverse.

CDL.7.B.1 Differentiate among the different domains: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

CDL.7.B.2 Differentiate the characteristics of the six kingdoms: Eubacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

CDL.7.B.3 Identify the seven major taxonomic categories: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

CDL.7.B.4 Classify and name organisms based on their similarities and differences applying taxonomic nomenclature using dichotomous keys

CDL.7.B.5 Investigate Arkansas' biodiversity using appropriate tools and technology

CDL.7.B.6 Compare and contrast the structures and characteristics of viruses (lytic and lysogenic cycles) with non-living and living things

CDL.7.B.7 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of viruses

CDL.7.B.8 Compare and contrast life cycles of familiar organisms: sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, alternation of generations

CDL.7.B.9 Classify bacteria according to their characteristics and adaptations

CDL.7.B.10 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of bacteria

CDL.7.B.11 Describe the characteristics used to classify protists: plant-like, animal-like, fungal-like

CDL.7.B.12 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of protists

CDL.7.B.13 Compare and contrast fungi with other eukaryotic organisms

CDL.7.B.14 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of fungi

CDL.7.B.15 Differentiate between vascular and nonvascular plants

CDL.7.B.16 Differentiate among cycads, gymnosperms, and angiosperms

CDL.7.B.17 Describe the structure and function of the major parts of a plant: roots, stems, leaves, flowers

CDL.7.B.18 Relate the structure of plant tissue to its function: epidermal, ground, vascular

CDL.7.B.19 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of plants

CDL.7.B.20 Identify the symmetry of organisms: radial, bilateral, asymmetrical

CDL.7.B.21 Compare and contrast the major invertebrate classes according to their nervous, respiratory, excretory, circulatory, and digestive systems

CDL.7.B.22 Compare and contrast the major vertebrate classes according to their nervous, respiratory, excretory, circulatory, digestive, reproductive and integumentary systems

AR.8.B. Biology: Ecology and Behavioral Relationships: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of ecological and behavioral relationships among organisms.

EBR.8.B.1 Cite examples of abiotic and biotic factors of ecosystems

EBR.8.B.2 Compare and contrast the characteristics of biomes

EBR.8.B.3 Diagram the carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, and water cycles in an ecosystem

EBR.8.B.4 Analyze an ecosystem's energy flow through food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids

EBR.8.B.5 Identify and predict the factors that control population, including predation, competition, crowding, water, nutrients, and shelter

EBR.8.B.6 Summarize the symbiotic ways in which individuals within a community interact with each other: commensalism, parasitism, mutualism

EBR.8.B.7 Compare and contrast primary succession with secondary succession

EBR.8.B.8 Identify the properties of each of the five levels of ecology: organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

AR.9.B. Biology: Ecology and Behavioral Relationships: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the ecological impact of global issues.

EBR.9.B.1 Analyze the effects of human population growth and technology on the environment/biosphere

EBR.9.B.2 Evaluate long range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal in terms of their environmental, economic, and political impact

EBR.9.B.3 Assess current world issues applying scientific themes (e.g., global changes in climate, epidemics, pandemics, ozone depletion, UV radiation, natural resources, use of technology, and public policy)

AR.10.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.10.B.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.10.B.2 Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws

NS.10.B.3 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term 'theory' used in general conversation

NS.10.B.4 Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data; scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.11.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall design and safely conduct scientific inquiry.

NS.11.B.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.11.B.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.11.B.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.11.B.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics

NS.11.B.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

NS.11.B.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables

AR.12.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of current life science theories.

NS.12.B.1 Recognize that theories are scientific explanations that require empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.12.B.2 Understand that scientific theories may be modified or expanded based on additional empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.12.B.3 Summarize biological evolution

NS.12.B.4 Relate the development of the cell theory to current trends in cellular biology

NS.12.B.5 Describe the relationship between the germ theory of disease and our current knowledge of immunology and control of infectious diseases

NS.12.B.6 Relate the chromosome theory of heredity to recent findings in genetic research (e.g., Human Genome Project-HGP, chromosome therapy)

NS.12.B.7 Research current events and topics in biology

AR.13.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve life science problems.

NS.13.B.1 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables

NS.13.B.2 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., microscopes, centrifuges, flexible arm cameras, computer software and hardware)

NS.13.B.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.14.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.14.B.1 Compare and contrast biological concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.14.B.2 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.14.B.3 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact

NS.14.B.4 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.15.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various life science careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.15.B.1 Research and evaluate science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.C. Chemistry: Atomic Theory: Students shall understand the historical development of the model of the atom.

AT.1.C.1. Summarize the discoveries of the subatomic particles: Rutherford's gold foil, Chadwick's discovery of the neutron, Thomson's cathode ray, Millikan's Oil Drop

AT.1.C.2 Explain the historical events that led to the development of the current atomic theory

AR.2.C. Chemistry: Atomic Theory: Students shall understand the structure of the atom.

AT.2.C.1 Analyze an atom's particle position, arrangement, and charge using: proton, neutron, electron

AT.2.C.2 Compare the magnitude and range of nuclear forces to magnetic forces and gravitational forces

AT.2.C.3 Draw and explain nuclear symbols and hyphen notations for isotopes

AT.2.C.4 Derive an average atomic mass

AT.2.C.5 Determine the arrangement of subatomic particles in the ion(s) of an atom

AR.3.C. Chemistry: Atomic Theory: Students shall understand how the arrangement of electrons in atoms relates to the quantum model.

AT.3.C.1 Correlate emissions of visible light with the arrangement of electrons in atoms: quantum, frequency, wavelength

AT.3.C.2 Apply the following rules or principles to model electron arrangement in atoms: Aufbau Principle (diagonal filling order), Hund's Rule, Pauli's Exclusion Principle

AT.3.C.3 Predict the placement of elements on the Periodic Table and their properties using electron configuration

AT.3.C.4 Demonstrate electron placement in atoms using the following notations: orbital notations, electron configuration notation, Lewis electron dot structures

AR.4.C. Chemistry: Periodicity: Students shall understand the significance of the Periodic Table and its historical development.

P.4.C.1 Compare and contrast the historical events leading to the evolution of the Periodic Table

P.4.C.2 Describe the arrangement of the Periodic Table based on electron filling orders: Groups, Periods

P.4.C.3 Interpret periodic trends: atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, electron affinities, electronegativities

AR.5.C. Chemistry: Periodicity: Students shall name and write formulas for binary and ternary compounds.

P.5.C.1 Write formulas for binary and ternary compounds: IUPAC system, Greek prefixes, polyatomic ions

P.5.C.2 Name binary and ternary compounds

P.5.C.3 Predict the name and symbol for newly discovered elements using the IUPAC system

AR.6.C. Chemistry: Periodicity: Students shall explain the changes of matter using physical properties and chemical properties.

P.6.C.1 Compare and contrast matter based on uniformity of particles: pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures

P.6.C.2 Distinguish between extensive and intensive physical properties of matter

P.6.C.3 Separate homogeneous mixtures using physical processes: chromatography

P.6.C.4 Design experiments tracing the energy involved in physical changes and chemical changes

P.6.C.5 Predict the chemical properties of substances based on their electron configuration: active, inactive, inert

AR.7.C. Chemistry: Periodicity: Students shall use atomic mass or experimental data to calculate relationships between elements and compounds.

P.7.C.1 Demonstrate an understanding of the Law of Multiple Proportions

AR.8.C. Chemistry: Bonding: Students shall understand the process of ionic bonding.

B.8.C.1 Determine ion formation tendencies for groups on the Periodic Table: main group elements, transition elements

B.8.C.2 Derive formula units based on the charges of ions

B.8.C.3 Use the electronegativitiy chart to predict the bonding type of compounds: ionic, polar covalent, non-polar covalent

AR.9.C. Chemistry: Bonding: Students shall understand the process of covalent bonding.

B.9.C.1 Draw Lewis structures to show valence electrons for covalent bonding: lone pairs, shared pairs, hybridization, resonance

B.9.C.2 Determine the properties of covalent compounds based upon double and triple bonding

B.9.C.3 Predict the polarity and geometry of a molecule based upon shared electron pairs and lone electron pairs: VSEPR Model

B.9.C.4 Identify the strengths and effects of intermolecular forces (van der Waals): hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, dispersion forces (London)

AR.10.C. Chemistry: Bonding: Students shall understand the process of metallic bonding.

B.10.C.1 Explain the properties of metals due to delocalized electrons: molecular orbital model

AR.11.C. Chemistry: Bonding: Students shall relate the physical properties of solids to different types of bonding.

B.11.C.1 Distinguish between amorphous and crystalline solids

B.11.C.2 Compare and contrast the properties of crystalline solids: ionic, covalent network, covalent molecular, metallic

AR.12.C. Chemistry: Stoichiometry: Students shall understand the relationships between balanced chemical equations and mole relationships.

S.12.C.1 Balance chemical equations when all reactants and products are given

S.12.C.2 Use balanced reaction equations to obtain information about the amounts of reactants and products

S.12.C.3 Distinguish between limiting reactants and excess reactants in balanced reaction equations

S.12.C.4 Calculate stoichiometric quantities and use these to determine theoretical yields

AR.13.C. Chemistry: Stoichiometry: Students shall understand the mole concept and Avogadro's number.

S.13.C.1 Apply the mole concept to calculate the number of particles and the amount of substance: Avogadro's constant = 6.02 x E23

S.13.C.2 Determine the empirical and molecular formulas using the molar concept: molar mass, average atomic mass, molecular mass, formula mass

AR.14.C. Chemistry: Stoichiometry: Students shall predict products based upon the type of chemical reaction.

S.14.C.1 Given the products and reactants predict products for the following types of reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, combustion

AR.15.C. Chemistry: Stoichiometry: Students shall understand the composition of solutions, their formation, and their strengths expressed in various units.

S.15.C.1 Distinguish between the terms solute, solvent, solution and concentration

S.15.C.2 Give examples for the nine solvent-solute pairs

S.15.C.3 Calculate the following concentration expressions involving the amount of solute and volume of solution: molarity (M), molality (m), percent composition, normality (N)

S.15.C.4 Given the quantity of a solution, determine the quantity of another species in the reaction

S.15.C.5 Define heat of solution

S.15.C.6 Identify the physical state for each substance in a reaction equation

AR.16.C. Chemistry: Gas Laws: Student shall understand the behavior of gas particles as it relates to the kinetic theory.

GL.16.C.1 Demonstrate the relationship of the kinetic theory as it applies to gas particles: molecular motion, elastic collisions, temperature, pressure, ideal gas

GL.16.C.2 Calculate the effects of pressure, temperature, and volume on the number of moles of gas particles in chemical reactions

AR.17.C. Chemistry: Gas Laws: Students shall understand the relationships between temperature, pressure, volume, and moles of a gas.

GL.17.C.1 Calculate the effects of pressure, temperature, and volume to gases: Avogadro's Law, Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, Combined Law, Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure, Graham's Law of Effusion, Guy-Lussac, Ideal Gas Law

AR.18.C. Chemistry: Gas Laws: Student shall apply the stoichiometric mass and volume relationships of gases in chemical reactions.

GL.18.C.1 Calculate volume/mass relationships in balanced chemical reaction equations

AR.19.C. Chemistry: Acids and Bases: Students shall understand the historical development of the acid/base theories.

AB.19.C.1 Compare and contrast the following acid/base theories: Arrhenius Theory, Bronsted-Lowry Theory, Lewis Theory

AR.20.C. Chemistry: Acids and Bases: Students shall demonstrate proficiency in acid, base, and salt nomenclature.

AB.20.C.1 Name and write formulas for acids, bases and salts: binary acids, ternary acids, ionic compounds

AR.21.C. Chemistry: Acids and Bases: Students shall apply rules of nomenclature to acids, bases, and salts.

AB.21.C.1 Compare and contrast acid and base properties

AB.21.C.2 Describe the role that dissociation plays in the determination of strong and weak acids or bases

AB.21.C.3 Use acid-base equilibrium constants to develop and explain: ionization constants, percent of ionization, common ion effect

AB.21.C.4 Explain the role of the pH scale as applied to acids and bases

AR.22.C. Chemistry: Acids and Bases: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of titration as a laboratory tool.

AB.22.C.1 Perform a titration to solve for the concentration of an acid or base

AB.22.C.2 Use indicators in neutralization reactions

AB.22.C.3 Investigate the role of buffers

AR.23.C. Chemistry: Kinetics and Energetics: Students shall understand enthalpy, entropy, and free energy and their relationship to chemical reactions.

KE.23.C.1 Define enthalpy and entropy and explain the relationship to exothermic and endothermic reactions

KE.23.C.2 Define free energy in terms of enthalpy and entropy: spontaneous reaction, increase in disorder, decrease in disorder

KE.23.C.3 Calculate entropy, enthalpy, and free energy changes in chemical reactions

KE.23.C.4 Define specific heat capacity and its relationship to calorimetric measurements

KE.23.C.5 Determine the heat of formation and the heat of reaction using enthalpy values and the Law of Conservation of Energy

KE.23.C.6 Explain the role of activation energy and collision theory in chemical reactions

AR.24.C. Chemistry: Equilibrium: Students shall understand the factors that affect reaction rate and their relationship to quantitative chemical equilibrium.

E.24.C.1 List and explain the factors which affect the rate of a reaction and the relationship of these factors to chemical equilibrium: reversible reactions, reaction rate, nature of reactants, concentration, temperature, catalysis

E.24.C.2 Solve problems developing an equilibrium constant or the concentration of a reactant or product

E.24.C.3 Explain the relationship of LeChatelier's Principle to equilibrium systems: temperature, pressure, concentration

E.24.C.4 Describe the application of equilibrium and kinetic concepts to the Haber Process: high concentration of hydrogen and nitrogen, removal of ammonia, precise temperature control, use of a contact catalyst, high pressure

AR.25.C. Chemistry: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: Students shall understand oxidation-reduction reactions to develop skills in balancing redox equations.

ORR.25.C.1 Identify substances that are oxidized and substances that are reduced in a chemical reaction

ORR.25.C.2 Complete and balance redox reactions: assign oxidation numbers, identify the oxidizing agent and reducing agent, write net ionic equations

AR.26.C. Chemistry: Oxidation-Reduction Reaction: Students shall explain the role of oxidation-reduction reactions in the production of electricity in a voltaic cell.

ORR.26.C.1 Write equations for the reactions occurring at the cathode and anode in electrolytic conduction

ORR.26.C.2 Build a voltaic cell and measure cell potential: half-cells, salt bridge

ORR.26.C.3 Explain the process of obtaining electricity from a chemical voltaic cell: line notation: anode (oxidation); cathode (reduction)

ORR.26.C.4 Calculate electric potential of a cell using redox potentials and predict product

ORR.26.C.5 Use redox potentials to predict electrolysis products and the electric potential of a cell

AR.27.C. Chemistry: Organic Chemistry: Students shall differentiate between aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

OC.27.C.1 Examine the bonding and structural differences of organic compounds: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, cyclic hydrocarbons

OC.27.C.2 Differentiate between the role and importance of aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbons

OC.27.C.3 Compare and contrast isomers

AR.28.C. Chemistry: Organic Chemistry: Students shall describe the functional groups in organic chemistry.

OC.28.C.1 Describe the functional groups in organic chemistry: halohydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amines, amides, amino acids, nitro compounds

OC.28.C.2 Name and write formulas for aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbons

AR.29.C. Chemistry: Organic Chemistry: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of organic compounds in living and non-living systems.

OC.29.C.1 Differentiate among the biochemical functions of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids

OC.29.C.2 Describe the manufacture of polymers derived from organic compounds: polymerization, crosslinking

AR.30.C. Chemistry: Nuclear Chemistry: Students shall understand the process transformations of nuclear radiation.

NC.30.C.1 Describe the following radiation emissions: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, positron particles

NC.30.C.2 Write and balance nuclear reactions

NC.30.C.3 Compare and contrast fission and fusion

NC.30.C.4 Apply the concept of half life to nuclear decay

AR.31.C. Chemistry: Nuclear Chemistry: Students shall understand the current and historical ramifications of nuclear energy.

NC.31.C.1 Construct models of instruments used to study, control, and utilize radioactive materials and nuclear processes

NC.31.C.2 Research the role of nuclear reactions in society: transmutation, nuclear power plants, Manhattan Project

AR.32.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.32.C.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.32.C.2 Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws

NS.32.C.3 Compare and contrast the criteria for the formation of scientific theory and scientific law

NS.32.C.4 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term 'theory' used in general conversation

NS.32.C.5 Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data; scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.33.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall design and safely conduct scientific inquiry.

NS.33.C.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.33.C.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to Arkansas Safety Lab Guide) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.33.C.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.33.C.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics

NS.33.C.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

NS.33.C.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables

AR.34.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the current theories in chemistry.

NS.34.C.1 Recognize that theories are scientific explanations that require empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.34.C.2 Understand that scientific theories may be modified or expanded based on additional empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.34.C.3 Research current events and topics in chemistry

AR.35.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve problems in chemistry.

NS.35.C.1 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables

NS.35.C.2 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems

NS.35.C.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.36.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.36.C.1 Compare and contrast chemistry concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.36.C.2 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.36.C.3 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact

NS.36.C.4 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.37.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various careers in chemistry and the training required for the selected career

NS.37.C.1 Research and evaluate science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.ES. Environmental Science: Physical Dynamics: Students shall understand the physical dynamics of Earth

PD.1.ES.1 Describe the structure, origin, and evolution of the Earth's components: atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere

PD.1.ES.2 Relate eras, epochs, and periods of Earth's history to geological development

PD.1.ES.3 Determine the relative and absolute ages of rock layers

PD.1.ES.4 Categorize the type and composition of various minerals

PD.1.ES.5 Explain the processes of the rock cycle

PD.1.ES.6 Describe the processes of degradation by weathering and erosion

PD.1.ES.7 Describe tectonic forces relating to internal energy production and convection currents

PD.1.ES.8 Describe the relationships of degradation (a general lowering of the earth's surface by erosion or weathering) and tectonic forces: volcanoes, earthquakes

PD.1.ES.9 Construct and interpret information on topographic maps

PD.1.ES.10 Describe the characteristics of each of the natural divisions of Arkansas: Ozark Plateau, Arkansas River Valley, Ouachita Mountains, Coastal Plain, Mississippi Alluvial Plain (Delta), Crowley's Ridge

PD.1.ES.11 Describe the physical and chemical properties of water

PD.1.ES.12 Compare and contrast characteristics of the oceans: composition, physical features of the ocean floor, life within the ocean, lateral and vertical motion

PD.1.ES.13 Investigate the evolution of the ocean floor

PD.1.ES.14 Investigate the stratification of the ocean: colligative properties (depends on the ratio of the number of particles of solute and solvent in the solution, not the identity of the solute); biological zonation (distribution of organisms in biogeographic zones)

PD.1.ES.15 Predict the effects of ocean currents on climate

PD.1.ES.16 Explain heat transfer in the atmosphere and its relationship to meteorological processes: pressure, winds, evaporation, precipitation

PD.1.ES.17 Compare and contrast meteorological processes related to air masses, weather systems, and forecasting

PD.1.ES.18 Construct and interpret weather maps

PD.1.ES.19 Describe the cycling of materials and energy: nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, phosphorous, hydrological, sulfur

AR.2.ES. Environmental Science: Biological Dynamics: Students shall understand the biological dynamics of Earth

BD.2.ES.1 Compare and contrast biomes

BD.2.ES.2 Describe relationships within a community: predation, competition, parasitism, mutualism, commensalism

BD.2.ES.3 Differentiate between primary and secondary succession

BD.2.ES.4 Construct a trophic-level pyramid (energy level)

BD.2.ES.5 Construct a food chain

BD.2.ES.6 Diagram a food web

BD.2.ES.7 Compare and contrast food webs and food chains

BD.2.ES.8 Describe biodiversity

BD.2.ES.9 Explain how limiting factors affect populations and ecosystems

BD.2.ES.10 Describe the natural selection process in populations

AR.3.ES. Environmental Science: Social Perspectives: Students shall understand the impact of human activities on the environment.

SP.3.ES.1 Explain the reciprocal relationships between Earth's processes (natural disasters) and human activities

SP.3.ES.2 Investigate the relationships between human consumption of natural resources and the stewardship responsibility for reclamations including disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste

SP.3.ES.3 Explain common problems related to water quality: conservation, usage, supply, treatment, pollutants (point and non-point sources)

SP.3.ES.4 Explain problems related to air quality: automobiles, industry, natural emissions

SP.3.ES.5 Evaluate the impact of different points of view on health, population, resource, and environmental issues: governmental, economic, societal

SP.3.ES.6 Research how political systems influence environmental decisions

SP.3.ES.7 Investigate which federal and state agencies have responsibility for environmental monitoring and action

SP.3.ES.8 Compare and contrast man-made environments and natural environments

SP.3.ES.9 Evaluate personal and societal benefits when examining health, population, resource, and environmental issues

SP.3.ES.10 Predict the long-term societal impact of specific health, population, resource, and environmental issues

SP.3.ES.11 Investigate the effect of public policy decisions on health, population, resource, and environmental issues

SP.3.ES.12 Explain the impact of factors such as birth rate, death rate, and migration rate on population changes

SP.3.ES.13 Distinguish between developed and developing countries

AR.4.ES. Environmental Science: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve environmental science problems.

NS.4.ES.1 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures and tables

NS.4.ES.2 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., microscopes, centrifuges, flexible arm cameras, computer software and hardware)

NS.4.ES.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.5.ES. Environmental Science: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.5.ES.1 Compare and contrast environmental concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.5.ES.2 Explain why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.5.ES.3 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economical and political impact

NS.5.ES.4 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.6.ES. Environmental Science: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various environmental science careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.6.ES.1 Research and evaluate science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.PS. Physical Science: Chemistry: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of matter's composition and structure.

C.1.PS.1 Compare and contrast chemical and physical properties of matter, including but not limited to flammability, reactivity, density, buoyancy, viscosity, melting point and boiling point

C.1.PS.2 Compare and contrast chemical and physical changes, including but not limited to rusting, burning, evaporation, boiling and dehydration

C.1.PS.3 Discuss and model the relative size and placement of sub-atomic particles

C.1.PS.4 Illustrate the placement of electrons in the first twenty elements using energy levels and orbitals

C.1.PS.5 Distinguish among atoms, ions, and isotopes

C.1.PS.6 Model the valence electrons using electron dot structures (Lewis electron dot structures)

C.1.PS.7 Explain the role of valence electrons in determining chemical properties

C.1.PS.8 Explain the role of valence electrons in forming chemical bonds

C.1.PS.9 Model bonding: ionic, covalent, metallic

C.1.PS.10 Identify commonly used polyatomic ions

C.1.PS.11 Write formulas for ionic and covalent compounds

C.1.PS.12 Name ionic and covalent compounds

C.1.PS.13 Identify the mole and amu (atomic mass unit) as units of measurement in chemistry

C.1.PS.14 Calculate the molar mass of compounds based on average atomic mass.

AR.2.PS. Physical Science: Chemistry: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of energy in chemistry.

C.2.PS.1 Identify the kinetic theory throughout the phases of matter

C.2.PS.2 Create and label heat versus temperature graphs (heating curves): solid, liquid, gas, triple point, heat of fusion, heat of vaporization

C.2.PS.3 Relate thermal expansion to the kinetic theory

C.2.PS.4 Compare and contrast Boyle's law and Charles' law

C.2.PS.5 Compare and contrast endothermic and exothermic reactions as energy is transferred

C.2.PS.6 Distinguish between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion

C.2.PS.7 Compare and contrast the emissions produced by radioactive decay: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays

AR.3.PS. Physical Science: Chemistry: Students shall compare and contrast chemical reactions.

C.3.PS.1 Identify and write balanced chemical equations: decomposition reaction, synthesis reaction, single displacement reaction, double displacement reaction, combustion reaction

C.3.PS.2 Predict the product(s) of a chemical reaction when given the reactants using chemical symbols and words

C.3.PS.3 Balance chemical equations using the Law of Conservation of Mass

C.3.PS.4 Determine mole ratio from a balanced reaction equation

C.3.PS.5 Compare and contrast the properties of reactants and products of a chemical reaction

C.3.PS.6 Model the role of activation energy in chemical reactions

C.3.PS.7 Examine factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions, including but not limited to temperature, light, concentration, catalysts, surface area, pressure

C.3.PS.8 Identify the observable evidence of a chemical reaction: formation of a precipitate, production of a gas, color change, changes in heat and light

C.3.PS.9 Relate fire safety measures to conditions necessary for combustion

AR.4.PS. Physical Science: Chemistry: Students shall classify organic compounds.

C.4.PS.1 Summarize carbon bonding: allotropes (diamond, graphite, fullerenes); carbon-carbon (single, double, triple); isomers (branched, straight-chain, ring)

C.4.PS.2 Identify organic compounds by their: formula, structure, properties, functional groups

C.4.PS.3 Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons

C.4.PS.4 Describe organic compounds and their functions in the human body: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

AR.5.PS. Physical Science: Physics: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of energy in physics.

P.5.PS.1 Distinguish among thermal energy, heat, and temperature

P.5.PS.2 Calculate changes in thermal energy using: q = mcT (Where q=heat energy; m=mass; c=specific heat; T=change in temperature)

AR.6.PS. Physical Science: Physics: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of forces in physics.

P.6.PS.1 Analyze how force affects motion: one-dimensional (linear), two-dimensional (projectile and rotational)

P.6.PS.2 Explain how motion is relative to a reference point

P.6.PS.3 Compare and contrast among speed, velocity and acceleration

P.6.PS.4 Solve problems using the formulas for speed and acceleration

P.6.PS.5 Interpret graphs related to motion: distance versus time (d-t); velocity versus time (v-t); acceleration versus time (a-t)

P.6.PS.6 Compare and contrast Newton's three laws of motion

P.6.PS.7 Design and conduct investigations demonstrating Newton's first law of motion

P.6.PS.8 Conduct investigations demonstrating Newton's second law of motion

P.6.PS.9 Design and conduct investigations demonstrating Newton's third law of motion

P.6.PS.10 Calculate force, mass, and acceleration using Newton's second law of motion: F = ma (Where F=force, m=mass, a=acceleration)

P.6.PS.11 Relate the Law of Conservation of Momentum to how it affects the movement of objects

P.6.PS.12 Compare and contrast the effects of forces on fluids: Archimedes' principle, Pascal's principle, Bernoulli's principle

P.6.PS.13 Design an experiment to show conversion of energy: mechanical (potential and kinetic), chemical, thermal, sound, light, nuclear

P.6.PS.14 Solve problems by using formulas for gravitational potential and kinetic energy

AR.7.PS. Physical Science: Physics: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of wave and particle motion.

P.7.PS.1 Compare and contrast a wave's speed through various mediums

P.7.PS.2 Explain diffraction of waves

P.7.PS.3 Explain Doppler effect using examples

P.7.PS.4 Calculate problems relating to wave properties: wavelength, frequency, period, velocity

P.7.PS.5 Describe how the physical properties of sound waves affect its perception

P.7.PS.6 Define light in terms of waves and particles

P.7.PS.7 Explain the formation of color by light and by pigments

P.7.PS.8 Investigate the separation of white light into colors by diffraction

P.7.PS.9 Illustrate constructive and destructive interference of light waves

P.7.PS.10 Differentiate among the reflected images produced by concave, convex, and plane mirrors

P.7.PS.11 Differentiate between the refracted images produced by concave and convex lenses

P.7.PS.12 Research current uses of optics and sound

AR.8.PS. Physical Science: Physics: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of electricity and magnetism in the physical world.

P.8.PS.1 Calculate voltage, current, and resistance from a schematic diagram

P.8.PS.2 Calculate electrical power using current and voltage: P = IV (Where P=power, I=current, V=voltage)

P.8.PS.3 Calculate electrical energy using electrical power and time: E=Pt (Where E=energy, P=power, t=time)

P.8.PS.4 Explain the use of electromagnets in step-up and step-down transformers

P.8.PS.5 Research current uses of electromagnets

AR.9.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.9.PS.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.9.PS.2 Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws

NS.9.PS.3 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term 'theory' used in general conversation

NS.9.PS.4 Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data; scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.10.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall design and safely conduct a scientific inquiry to solve valid problems.

NS.10.PS.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.10.PS.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.10.PS.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.10.PS.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics

NS.10.PS.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

NS.10.PS.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables

AR.11.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of historical trends in physical science.

NS.11.PS.1 Recognize the factors that constitute a scientific theory

NS.11.PS.2 Explain why scientific theories may be modified or expanded using additional empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.11.PS.3 Summarize the development of the current atomic theory

NS.11.PS.4 Analyze the development of the periodic table

NS.11.PS.5 Research historical events in physical science

NS.11.PS.6 Research current events and topics in physical science

AR.12.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve physical science problems.

NS.12.PS.1 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., balances, scales, calculators, probes, glassware, burners, computer software and hardware)

NS.12.PS.2 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables

NS.12.PS.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.13.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.13.PS.1 Compare and contrast physical science concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.13.PS.2 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.13.PS.3 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact

NS.13.PS.4 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

NS.13.PS.5 Describe in detail the methods used by scientists in their research

AR.14.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various physical science careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.14.PS.1 Research and evaluate physical science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand one-dimensional motion.

MF.1.P.1 Compare and contrast scalar and vector quantities

MF.1.P.2 Solve problems involving constant and average velocity

MF.1.P.3 Apply kinematic equations to calculate distance, time, or velocity under conditions of constant acceleration

MF.1.P.4 Compare graphic representations of motion: d-t, v-t, a-t

MF.1.P.5 Calculate the components of a free falling object at various points in motion

MF.1.P.6 Compare and contrast contact force (e.g., friction) and field forces (e.g., gravitational force)

MF.1.P.7 Draw free body diagrams of all forces acting upon an object

MF.1.P.8 Calculate the applied forces represented in a free body diagram

MF.1.P.9 Apply Newton's first law of motion to show balanced and unbalanced forces

MF.1.P.10 Apply Newton's second law of motion to solve motion problems that involve constant forces: F=ma

MF.1.P.11 Apply Newton's third law of motion to explain action-reaction pairs

MF.1.P.12 Calculate frictional forces (i.e., kinetic and static)

MF.1.P.13 Calculate the magnitude of the force of friction

AR.2.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand two-dimensional motion.

MF.2.P.1 Calculate the resultant vector of a moving object

MF.2.P.2 Resolve two-dimensional vectors into their components

MF.2.P.3 Calculate the magnitude and direction of a vector from its components

MF.2.P.4 Solve two-dimensional problems using balanced forces

MF.2.P.5 Solve two-dimensional problems using the Pythagorean Theorem or the quadratic formula

MF.2.P.6 Describe the path of a projectile as a parabola

MF.2.P.7 Apply kinematic equations to solve problems involving projectile motion of an object launched at an angle

MF.2.P.8 Apply kinematic equations to solve problems involving projectile motion of an object launched with initial horizontal velocity

MF.2.P.9 Calculate rotational motion with a constant force directed toward the center

MF.2.P.10 Solve problems in circular motion by using centripetal acceleration

AR.3.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand the dynamics of rotational equilibrium.

MF.3.P.1 Relate radians to degrees

MF.3.P.2 Calculate the magnitude of torque on an object

MF.3.P.3 Calculate angular speed and angular acceleration

MF.3.P.4 Solve problems using kinematic equations for angular motion

MF.3.P.5 Solve problems involving tangential speed

MF.3.P.6 Solve problems involving tangential acceleration

MF.3.P.7 Calculate centripetal acceleration

MF.3.P.8 Apply Newton's universal law of gravitation to find the gravitational force between two masses

AR.4.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand the relationship between work and energy.

MF.4.P.1 Calculate net work done by a constant net force

MF.4.P.2 Solve problems relating kinetic energy and potential energy to the work-energy theorem

MF.4.P.3 Solve problems through the application of conservation of mechanical energy

MF.4.P.4 Relate the concepts of time and energy to power

MF.4.P.5 Prove the relationship of time, energy and power through problem solving

AR.5.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand the law of conservation of momentum.

MF.5.P.1 Describe changes in momentum in terms of force and time

MF.5.P.2 Solve problems using the impulse-momentum theorem

MF.5.P.3 Compare total momentum of two objects before and after they interact

MF.5.P.4 Solve problems for perfectly inelastic and elastic collisions

AR.6.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand the concepts of fluid mechanics.

MF.6.P.1 Calibrate the applied buoyant force to determine if the object will sink or float

MF.6.P.2 Apply Pascal's principle to an enclosed fluid system

MF.6.P.3 Apply Bernoulli's equation to solve fluid-flow problems

MF.6.P.4 Use the ideal gas law to predict the properties of an ideal gas under different conditions: Physics (PV=NkbT - N=number of gas particles; kb=Boltzmann's constant; T=temperature); Chemistry (PV=nRT - n=number of moles; R=Molar gas constant; T=temperature)

AR.7.P. Physics: Heat and Thermodynamics: Students shall understand the effects of thermal energy on particles and systems.

HT.7.P.1 Perform specific heat capacity calculations

HT.7.P.2 Perform calculations involving latent heat

HT.7.P.3 Interpret the various sections of a heating curve diagram

HT.7.P.4 Calculate heat energy of the different phase changes of a substance

AR.8.P. Physics: Heat and Thermodynamics: Students shall apply the two laws of thermodynamics.

HT.8.P.1 Describe how the first law of thermodynamics is a statement of energy conversion

HT.8.P.2 Calculate heat, work, and the change in internal energy by applying the first law of thermodynamics

HT.8.P.3 Calculate the efficiency of a heat engine by using the second law of thermodynamics

HT.8.P.4 Distinguish between entropy changes within systems and the entropy change for the universe as a whole

AR.9.P. Physics: Waves and Optics: Students shall distinguish between simple harmonic motion and waves.

WO.9.P.1 Explain how force, velocity, and acceleration change as an object vibrates with simple harmonic motion

WO.9.P.2 Calculate the spring force using Hooke's law: F elastic=-kx (Where -k=spring constant)

WO.9.P.3 Calculate the period and frequency of an object vibrating with a simple harmonic motion

WO.9.P.4 Differentiate between pulse and periodic waves

WO.9.P.5 Relate energy and amplitude

AR.10.P. Physics: Waves and Optics: Students shall compare and contrast the law of reflection and the law of refraction.

WO.10.P.1 Calculate the frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation

WO.10.P.2 Apply the law of reflection for flat mirrors

WO.10.P.3 Describe the images formed by flat mirrors

WO.10.P.4 Calculate distances and focal lengths for curved mirrors

WO.10.P.5 Draw ray diagrams to find the image distance and magnification for curved mirrors

WO.10.P.6 Solve problems using Snell's law

WO.10.P.7 Calculate the index of refraction through various media using the following equation: n=c/v (Where n=index of refraction; c=speed of light in vacuum; v=speed of light in medium)

WO.10.P.8 Use a ray diagram to find the position of an image produced by a lens

WO.10.P.9 Solve problems using the thin-lens equation: 1/p + 1/q + 1/f (Where q=image distance; p=object distance; f=focal length)

WO.10.P.10 Calculate the magnification of lenses: M=h'/h=q/p (Where M=magnification; h'=image height; h=object height; q=image distance; p=object distance)

AR.11.P. Physics: Electricity and Magnetism: Students shall understand the relationship between electric forces and electric fields.

EM.11.P.1 Calculate electric force using Coulomb's law

EM.11.P.2 Calculate electric field strength

EM.11.P.3 Draw and interpret electric field lines

AR.12.P. Physics: Electricity and Magnetism: Students shall understand the relationship between electric energy and capacitance.

EM.12.P.1 Calculate electrical potential energy

EM.12.P.2 Compute the electric potential for various charge distributions

EM.12.P.3 Calculate the capacitance of various devices

EM.12.P.4 Construct a circuit to produce a pre-determined value of an Ohm's law variable

AR.13.P. Physics: Electricity and Magnetism: Students shall understand how magnetism relates to induced and alternating currents.

EM.13.P.1 Determine the strength of a magnetic field

EM.13.P.2 Use the first right-hand rule to find the direction of the force on the charge moving through a magnetic field

EM.13.P.3 Determine the magnitude and direction of the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field

EM.13.P.4 Describe how the change in the number of magnetic field lines through a circuit loop affects the magnitude and direction of the induced current

EM.13.P.5 Calculate the induced electromagnetic field (emf) and current using Faraday's law of induction

AR.14.P. Physics: Nuclear Physics: Students shall understand the concepts of quantum mechanics as they apply to the atomic spectrum.

NP.14.P.1 Calculate energy quanta using Planck's equation: E=hf

NP.14.P.2 Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of matter: wavelength=h/p=h/mv

NP.14.P.3 Distinguish between classical ideas of measurement and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle

NP.14.P.4 Research emerging theories in physics, such as string theory

AR.15.P. Physics: Nuclear Physics: Students shall understand the process of nuclear decay.

NP.15.P.1 Calculate the binding energy of various nuclei

NP.15.P.2 Predict the products of nuclear decay

NP.15.P.3 Calculate the decay constant and the half-life of a radioactive substance

AR.16.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.16.P.1 Describe why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.16.P.2 Compare and contrast the criteria for the formation of hypotheses, theories and laws

NS.16.P.3 Summarize the guidelines of science: results are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change as new data are generated; empirical knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.17.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall safely design and conduct a scientific inquiry to solve valid problems.

NS.17.P.1 Develop the appropriate procedures using controls and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.17.P.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.17.P.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.17.P.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics (e.g., percent yield, percent error)

NS.17.P.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

AR.18.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of historical trends in physics.

NS.18.P.1 Recognize that theories are scientific explanations that require empirical data, verification and peer review

NS.18.P.2 Research historical and current events in physics

AR.19.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve physics problems.

NS.19.P.1 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., balances, scales, calculators, probes, glassware, burners, computer software and hardware)

NS.19.P.2 Manipulate scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, charts, tables, and graphs

NS.19.P.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.20.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.20.P.1 Compare and contrast the connections between pure science and applied science as it relates to physics

NS.20.P.2 Give examples of scientific bias that affect outcomes of experimental results

NS.20.P.3 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.20.P.4 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact.

NS.20.P.5 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.21.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various physics careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.21.P.1 Research and evaluate careers in physics using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Organization of the Human Body: Students shall explore the organizational structures of the body from the molecular to the organism level.

OHB.1.AP.1 Infer the relationship between anatomy and physiology

OHB.1.AP.2 Sequence the levels of organization of the human body

OHB.1.AP.3 Identify the major body systems

OHB.1.AP.4 Describe relative positions, body planes, body regions and body quadrants

OHB.1.AP.5 Identify the major body cavities and the subdivisions of each cavity

OHB.1.AP.6 Investigate homeostatic control mechanisms and their importance to health and diseases

OHB.1.AP.7 Predict the effect of positive and negative feedback mechanisms on homeostasis

OHB.1.AP.8 Identify the major characteristics of life: metabolism, responsiveness, movement, Growth, reproduction, differentiation

AR.2.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Cellular Chemistry: Students shall understand the role of chemistry in body processes.

CC.2.AP.1 Distinguish between matter and energy

CC.2.AP.2 Explain the basic assumptions and conclusions of the atomic theory

CC.2.AP.3 Distinguish between compounds and mixtures

CC.2.AP.4 Explain the role of ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds in the human body

CC.2.AP.5 Write simple formulas and chemical word equations for the four basic types of reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement

CC.2.AP.6 Analyze the role of water in the human body

CC.2.AP.7 Explain the relationship among acids, bases, and salts

CC.2.AP.8 Relate the concept of pH to homeostasis

CC.2.AP.9 Compare the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

CC.2.AP.10 Describe the characteristics and importance of enzymes

AR.3.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Anatomy and Physiology of the Cell: Students shall understand that cells are the basic, structural, and functional units of life.

APC.3.AP.1 Explain the structure and function of the plasma membrane

APC.3.AP.2 Compare and contrast the different ways in which substances cross the plasma membrane: diffusion and osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, filtration, endocytosis, exocytosis

APC.3.AP.3 Describe the structure and function of organelles and cell parts

APC.3.AP.4 Identify chemical substances produced by cells

APC.3.AP.5 Differentiate among replication, transcription, and translation

APC.3.AP.6 Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis

APC.3.AP.7 Explain the consequences of abnormal cell division

AR.4.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Tissues: Students shall understand the histology of the human body

T.4.AP.1 Describe the structure, location, and function of each tissue category: epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle

AR.5.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the integumentary system.

BS.5.AP.1 Identify the components of the integumentary system

BS.5.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the skin

BS.5.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the integumentary system

BS.5.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the integumentary system

AR.6.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the skeletal system.

BS.6.AP.1 Identify the components the skeletal system

BS.6.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the skeletal system

BS.6.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic and microscopic structure of bone

BS.6.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the skeletal system

AR.7.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the muscular system.

BS.7.AP.1 Identify the components the muscular system

BS.7.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the muscular system

BS.7.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of muscle

BS.7.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the muscular system

AR.8.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system.

BS.8.AP.1 Identify the components the nervous system

BS.8.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the nervous system

BS.8.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the nervous system

BS.8.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the nervous system

AR.9.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system.

BS.9.AP.1 Identify the components of the endocrine system

BS.9.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the endocrine system

BS.9.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the endocrine system

BS.9.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the endocrine system

AR.10.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system.

BS.10.AP.1 Identify the components of the cardiovascular system

BS.10.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the cardiovascular system

BS.10.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the cardiovascular system

BS.10.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the cardiovascular system

AR.11.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the immune and lymphatic systems.

BS.11.AP.1 Identify the components of the immune and lymphatic systems

BS.11.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the immune and lymphatic systems

BS.11.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the immune and lymphatic systems

BS.11.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the immune and lymphatic systems

AR.12.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system.

BS.12.AP.1 Identify the components of the respiratory system

BS.12.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the respiratory system

BS.12.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the respiratory system

BS.12.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the respiratory system

AR.13.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system.

BS.13.AP.1 Identify the components the digestive system

BS.13.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the digestive system

BS.13.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the digestive system

BS.13.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the digestive system

AR.14.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system.

BS.14.AP.1 Identify the components the urinary system

BS.14.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the urinary system

BS.14.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the urinary system

BS.14.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the urinary system

AR.15.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system

BS.15.AP.1 Describe the components and the organization of the reproductive system

BS.15.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the reproductive system

BS.15.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the reproductive system

BS.15.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the reproductive system

AR.16.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.16.AP.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.16.AP.2 Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws

NS.16.AP.3 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term 'theory' used in general conversation

NS.16.AP.4 Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data; scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.17.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall design and safely conduct scientific inquiry.

NS.17.AP.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.17.AP.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.17.AP.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.17.AP.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics

NS.17.AP.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

NS.17.AP.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables

AR.18.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of current life science theories.

NS.18.AP.1 Understand that scientific theories may be modified or expanded based on additional empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.18.AP.2 Relate the development of the cell theory to current trends in cellular biology

NS.18.AP.3 Describe the relationship between the germ theory of disease and our current knowledge of immunology and control of infectious diseases

NS.18.AP.4 Relate the chromosome theory of heredity to recent findings in genetic research (e.g., Human Genome Project-HGP, chromosome therapy)

NS.18.AP.5 Research current events and topics in human biology

AR.19.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve life science problems.

NS.19.AP.1 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables

NS.19.AP.2 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., microscopes, centrifuges, flexible arm cameras, computer software and hardware)

NS.19.AP.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.20.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.20.AP.1 Compare and contrast human biology concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.20.AP.2 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.20.AP.3 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.21.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various health science careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.21.AP.1 Research and evaluate health science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements; salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.B. Biology: Molecules and Cells: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of chemistry in life processes.

MC.1.B.1 Describe the structure and function of the major organic molecules found in living systems: carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, lipids, nucleic acids

MC.1.B.2 Describe the relationship between an enzyme and its substrate molecule(s)

MC.1.B.3 Investigate the properties and importance of water and its significance for life: surface tension, adhesion, cohesion, polarity, pH

MC.1.B.4 Explain the role of energy in chemical reactions of living systems: activation energy, exergonic reactions, endergonic reactions

AR.2.B. Biology: Molecules and Cells: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of cells.

MC.2.B.1 Construct a hierarchy of life from cells to ecosystems

MC.2.B.2 Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes

MC.2.B.3 Describe the role of sub-cellular structures in the life of a cell: organelles, ribosomes, cytoskeleton

MC.2.B.4 Relate the function of the plasma (cell) membrane to its structure

MC.2.B.5 Compare and contrast the structures of an animal cell to a plant cell

MC.2.B.6 Compare and contrast the functions of autotrophs and heterotrophs

MC.2.B.7 Compare and contrast active transport and passive transport mechanisms: diffusion, osmosis, endocytosis, exocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis

MC.2.B.8 Describe the main events in the cell cycle, including the differences in plant and animal cell division: interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

MC.2.B.9 List in order and describe the stages of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

MC.2.B.10 Analyze the meiotic maintenance of a constant chromosome number from one generation to the next

MC.2.B.11 Discuss homeostasis using thermoregulation as an example

AR.3.B. Biology: Molecules and Cells: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of how cells obtain and use energy (energetics).

MC.3.B.1 Compare and contrast the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts

MC.3.B.2 Describe and model the conversion of stored energy in organic molecules into usable cellular energy (ATP): glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

MC.3.B.3 Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration: lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation

MC.3.B.4 Describe and model the conversion of light energy to chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms: light dependent reactions, light independent reactions

MC.3.B.5 Compare and contrast cellular respiration and photosynthesis as energy conversion pathways

AR.4.B. Biology: Heredity and Evolution: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of heredity.

HE.4.B.1 Summarize the outcomes of Gregor Mendel's experimental procedures

HE.4.B.2 Differentiate among the laws and principles of inheritance: dominance, segregation, independent assortment

HE.4.B.3 Use the laws of probability and Punnett squares to predict genotypic and phenotypic ratios

HE.4.B.4 Examine different modes of inheritance: sex linkage, codominance, crossing over, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles

HE.4.B.5 Analyze the historically significant work of prominent geneticists

HE.4.B.6 Evaluate karyotypes for abnormalities: monosomy, trisomy

AR.5.B. Biology: Heredity and Evolution: Students shall investigate the molecular basis of genetics.

HE.5.B.1 Model the components of a DNA nucleotide and an RNA nucleotide

HE.5.B.2 Describe the Watson-Crick double helix model of DNA, using the base-pairing rule (adenine-thymine, cytosine-guanine)

HE.5.B.3 Compare and contrast the structure and function of DNA and RNA

HE.5.B.4 Describe and model the processes of replication, transcription, and translation

HE.5.B.5 Compare and contrast the different types of mutation events, including point mutation, frameshift mutation, deletion, and inversion

HE.5.B.6 Identify effects of changes brought about by mutations: beneficial, harmful, neutral

AR.6.B. Biology: Heredity and Evolution: Students shall examine the development of the theory of biological evolution.

HE.6.B.1 Compare and contrast Lamarck's explanation of evolution with Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection

HE.6.B.2 Recognize that evolution involves a change in allele frequencies in a population across successive generations

HE.6.B.3 Analyze the effects of mutations and the resulting variations within a population in terms of natural selection

HE.6.B.4 Illustrate mass extinction events using a time line

HE.6.B.5 Evaluate evolution in terms of evidence as found in the following: fossil record, DNA analysis, artificial selection, morphology, embryology, viral evolution, geographic distribution of related species, antibiotic and pesticide resistance in various organisms

HE.6.B.6 Compare the processes of relative dating and radioactive dating to determine the age of fossils

HE.6.B.7 Interpret a Cladogram

AR.7.B. Biology: Classification and the Diversity of Life: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that organisms are diverse.

CDL.7.B.1 Differentiate among the different domains: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

CDL.7.B.2 Differentiate the characteristics of the six kingdoms: Eubacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

CDL.7.B.3 Identify the seven major taxonomic categories: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

CDL.7.B.4 Classify and name organisms based on their similarities and differences applying taxonomic nomenclature using dichotomous keys

CDL.7.B.5 Investigate Arkansas' biodiversity using appropriate tools and technology

CDL.7.B.6 Compare and contrast the structures and characteristics of viruses (lytic and lysogenic cycles) with non-living and living things

CDL.7.B.7 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of viruses

CDL.7.B.8 Compare and contrast life cycles of familiar organisms: sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, alternation of generations

CDL.7.B.9 Classify bacteria according to their characteristics and adaptations

CDL.7.B.10 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of bacteria

CDL.7.B.11 Describe the characteristics used to classify protists: plant-like, animal-like, fungal-like

CDL.7.B.12 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of protists

CDL.7.B.13 Compare and contrast fungi with other eukaryotic organisms

CDL.7.B.14 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of fungi

CDL.7.B.15 Differentiate between vascular and nonvascular plants

CDL.7.B.16 Differentiate among cycads, gymnosperms, and angiosperms

CDL.7.B.17 Describe the structure and function of the major parts of a plant: roots, stems, leaves, flowers

CDL.7.B.18 Relate the structure of plant tissue to its function: epidermal, ground, vascular

CDL.7.B.19 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of plants

CDL.7.B.20 Identify the symmetry of organisms: radial, bilateral, asymmetrical

CDL.7.B.21 Compare and contrast the major invertebrate classes according to their nervous, respiratory, excretory, circulatory, and digestive systems

CDL.7.B.22 Compare and contrast the major vertebrate classes according to their nervous, respiratory, excretory, circulatory, digestive, reproductive and integumentary systems

AR.8.B. Biology: Ecology and Behavioral Relationships: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of ecological and behavioral relationships among organisms.

EBR.8.B.1 Cite examples of abiotic and biotic factors of ecosystems

EBR.8.B.2 Compare and contrast the characteristics of biomes

EBR.8.B.3 Diagram the carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, and water cycles in an ecosystem

EBR.8.B.4 Analyze an ecosystem's energy flow through food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids

EBR.8.B.5 Identify and predict the factors that control population, including predation, competition, crowding, water, nutrients, and shelter

EBR.8.B.6 Summarize the symbiotic ways in which individuals within a community interact with each other: commensalism, parasitism, mutualism

EBR.8.B.7 Compare and contrast primary succession with secondary succession

EBR.8.B.8 Identify the properties of each of the five levels of ecology: organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

AR.9.B. Biology: Ecology and Behavioral Relationships: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the ecological impact of global issues.

EBR.9.B.1 Analyze the effects of human population growth and technology on the environment/biosphere

EBR.9.B.2 Evaluate long range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal in terms of their environmental, economic, and political impact

EBR.9.B.3 Assess current world issues applying scientific themes (e.g., global changes in climate, epidemics, pandemics, ozone depletion, UV radiation, natural resources, use of technology, and public policy)

AR.10.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.10.B.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.10.B.2 Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws

NS.10.B.3 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term 'theory' used in general conversation

NS.10.B.4 Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data; scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.11.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall design and safely conduct scientific inquiry.

NS.11.B.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.11.B.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.11.B.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.11.B.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics

NS.11.B.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

NS.11.B.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables

AR.12.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of current life science theories.

NS.12.B.1 Recognize that theories are scientific explanations that require empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.12.B.2 Understand that scientific theories may be modified or expanded based on additional empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.12.B.3 Summarize biological evolution

NS.12.B.4 Relate the development of the cell theory to current trends in cellular biology

NS.12.B.5 Describe the relationship between the germ theory of disease and our current knowledge of immunology and control of infectious diseases

NS.12.B.6 Relate the chromosome theory of heredity to recent findings in genetic research (e.g., Human Genome Project-HGP, chromosome therapy)

NS.12.B.7 Research current events and topics in biology

AR.13.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve life science problems.

NS.13.B.1 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables

NS.13.B.2 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., microscopes, centrifuges, flexible arm cameras, computer software and hardware)

NS.13.B.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.14.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.14.B.1 Compare and contrast biological concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.14.B.2 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.14.B.3 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact

NS.14.B.4 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.15.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various life science careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.15.B.1 Research and evaluate science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.C. Chemistry: Atomic Theory: Students shall understand the historical development of the model of the atom.

AT.1.C.1. Summarize the discoveries of the subatomic particles: Rutherford's gold foil, Chadwick's discovery of the neutron, Thomson's cathode ray, Millikan's Oil Drop

AT.1.C.2 Explain the historical events that led to the development of the current atomic theory

AR.2.C. Chemistry: Atomic Theory: Students shall understand the structure of the atom.

AT.2.C.1 Analyze an atom's particle position, arrangement, and charge using: proton, neutron, electron

AT.2.C.2 Compare the magnitude and range of nuclear forces to magnetic forces and gravitational forces

AT.2.C.3 Draw and explain nuclear symbols and hyphen notations for isotopes

AT.2.C.4 Derive an average atomic mass

AT.2.C.5 Determine the arrangement of subatomic particles in the ion(s) of an atom

AR.3.C. Chemistry: Atomic Theory: Students shall understand how the arrangement of electrons in atoms relates to the quantum model.

AT.3.C.1 Correlate emissions of visible light with the arrangement of electrons in atoms: quantum, frequency, wavelength

AT.3.C.2 Apply the following rules or principles to model electron arrangement in atoms: Aufbau Principle (diagonal filling order), Hund's Rule, Pauli's Exclusion Principle

AT.3.C.3 Predict the placement of elements on the Periodic Table and their properties using electron configuration

AT.3.C.4 Demonstrate electron placement in atoms using the following notations: orbital notations, electron configuration notation, Lewis electron dot structures

AR.4.C. Chemistry: Periodicity: Students shall understand the significance of the Periodic Table and its historical development.

P.4.C.1 Compare and contrast the historical events leading to the evolution of the Periodic Table

P.4.C.2 Describe the arrangement of the Periodic Table based on electron filling orders: Groups, Periods

P.4.C.3 Interpret periodic trends: atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, electron affinities, electronegativities

AR.5.C. Chemistry: Periodicity: Students shall name and write formulas for binary and ternary compounds.

P.5.C.1 Write formulas for binary and ternary compounds: IUPAC system, Greek prefixes, polyatomic ions

P.5.C.2 Name binary and ternary compounds

P.5.C.3 Predict the name and symbol for newly discovered elements using the IUPAC system

AR.6.C. Chemistry: Periodicity: Students shall explain the changes of matter using physical properties and chemical properties.

P.6.C.1 Compare and contrast matter based on uniformity of particles: pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures

P.6.C.2 Distinguish between extensive and intensive physical properties of matter

P.6.C.3 Separate homogeneous mixtures using physical processes: chromatography

P.6.C.4 Design experiments tracing the energy involved in physical changes and chemical changes

P.6.C.5 Predict the chemical properties of substances based on their electron configuration: active, inactive, inert

AR.7.C. Chemistry: Periodicity: Students shall use atomic mass or experimental data to calculate relationships between elements and compounds.

P.7.C.1 Demonstrate an understanding of the Law of Multiple Proportions

AR.8.C. Chemistry: Bonding: Students shall understand the process of ionic bonding.

B.8.C.1 Determine ion formation tendencies for groups on the Periodic Table: main group elements, transition elements

B.8.C.2 Derive formula units based on the charges of ions

B.8.C.3 Use the electronegativitiy chart to predict the bonding type of compounds: ionic, polar covalent, non-polar covalent

AR.9.C. Chemistry: Bonding: Students shall understand the process of covalent bonding.

B.9.C.1 Draw Lewis structures to show valence electrons for covalent bonding: lone pairs, shared pairs, hybridization, resonance

B.9.C.2 Determine the properties of covalent compounds based upon double and triple bonding

B.9.C.3 Predict the polarity and geometry of a molecule based upon shared electron pairs and lone electron pairs: VSEPR Model

B.9.C.4 Identify the strengths and effects of intermolecular forces (van der Waals): hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, dispersion forces (London)

AR.10.C. Chemistry: Bonding: Students shall understand the process of metallic bonding.

B.10.C.1 Explain the properties of metals due to delocalized electrons: molecular orbital model

AR.11.C. Chemistry: Bonding: Students shall relate the physical properties of solids to different types of bonding.

B.11.C.1 Distinguish between amorphous and crystalline solids

B.11.C.2 Compare and contrast the properties of crystalline solids: ionic, covalent network, covalent molecular, metallic

AR.12.C. Chemistry: Stoichiometry: Students shall understand the relationships between balanced chemical equations and mole relationships.

S.12.C.1 Balance chemical equations when all reactants and products are given

S.12.C.2 Use balanced reaction equations to obtain information about the amounts of reactants and products

S.12.C.3 Distinguish between limiting reactants and excess reactants in balanced reaction equations

S.12.C.4 Calculate stoichiometric quantities and use these to determine theoretical yields

AR.13.C. Chemistry: Stoichiometry: Students shall understand the mole concept and Avogadro's number.

S.13.C.1 Apply the mole concept to calculate the number of particles and the amount of substance: Avogadro's constant = 6.02 x E23

S.13.C.2 Determine the empirical and molecular formulas using the molar concept: molar mass, average atomic mass, molecular mass, formula mass

AR.14.C. Chemistry: Stoichiometry: Students shall predict products based upon the type of chemical reaction.

S.14.C.1 Given the products and reactants predict products for the following types of reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, combustion

AR.15.C. Chemistry: Stoichiometry: Students shall understand the composition of solutions, their formation, and their strengths expressed in various units.

S.15.C.1 Distinguish between the terms solute, solvent, solution and concentration

S.15.C.2 Give examples for the nine solvent-solute pairs

S.15.C.3 Calculate the following concentration expressions involving the amount of solute and volume of solution: molarity (M), molality (m), percent composition, normality (N)

S.15.C.4 Given the quantity of a solution, determine the quantity of another species in the reaction

S.15.C.5 Define heat of solution

S.15.C.6 Identify the physical state for each substance in a reaction equation

AR.16.C. Chemistry: Gas Laws: Student shall understand the behavior of gas particles as it relates to the kinetic theory.

GL.16.C.1 Demonstrate the relationship of the kinetic theory as it applies to gas particles: molecular motion, elastic collisions, temperature, pressure, ideal gas

GL.16.C.2 Calculate the effects of pressure, temperature, and volume on the number of moles of gas particles in chemical reactions

AR.17.C. Chemistry: Gas Laws: Students shall understand the relationships between temperature, pressure, volume, and moles of a gas.

GL.17.C.1 Calculate the effects of pressure, temperature, and volume to gases: Avogadro's Law, Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, Combined Law, Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure, Graham's Law of Effusion, Guy-Lussac, Ideal Gas Law

AR.18.C. Chemistry: Gas Laws: Student shall apply the stoichiometric mass and volume relationships of gases in chemical reactions.

GL.18.C.1 Calculate volume/mass relationships in balanced chemical reaction equations

AR.19.C. Chemistry: Acids and Bases: Students shall understand the historical development of the acid/base theories.

AB.19.C.1 Compare and contrast the following acid/base theories: Arrhenius Theory, Bronsted-Lowry Theory, Lewis Theory

AR.20.C. Chemistry: Acids and Bases: Students shall demonstrate proficiency in acid, base, and salt nomenclature.

AB.20.C.1 Name and write formulas for acids, bases and salts: binary acids, ternary acids, ionic compounds

AR.21.C. Chemistry: Acids and Bases: Students shall apply rules of nomenclature to acids, bases, and salts.

AB.21.C.1 Compare and contrast acid and base properties

AB.21.C.2 Describe the role that dissociation plays in the determination of strong and weak acids or bases

AB.21.C.3 Use acid-base equilibrium constants to develop and explain: ionization constants, percent of ionization, common ion effect

AB.21.C.4 Explain the role of the pH scale as applied to acids and bases

AR.22.C. Chemistry: Acids and Bases: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of titration as a laboratory tool.

AB.22.C.1 Perform a titration to solve for the concentration of an acid or base

AB.22.C.2 Use indicators in neutralization reactions

AB.22.C.3 Investigate the role of buffers

AR.23.C. Chemistry: Kinetics and Energetics: Students shall understand enthalpy, entropy, and free energy and their relationship to chemical reactions.

KE.23.C.1 Define enthalpy and entropy and explain the relationship to exothermic and endothermic reactions

KE.23.C.2 Define free energy in terms of enthalpy and entropy: spontaneous reaction, increase in disorder, decrease in disorder

KE.23.C.3 Calculate entropy, enthalpy, and free energy changes in chemical reactions

KE.23.C.4 Define specific heat capacity and its relationship to calorimetric measurements

KE.23.C.5 Determine the heat of formation and the heat of reaction using enthalpy values and the Law of Conservation of Energy

KE.23.C.6 Explain the role of activation energy and collision theory in chemical reactions

AR.24.C. Chemistry: Equilibrium: Students shall understand the factors that affect reaction rate and their relationship to quantitative chemical equilibrium.

E.24.C.1 List and explain the factors which affect the rate of a reaction and the relationship of these factors to chemical equilibrium: reversible reactions, reaction rate, nature of reactants, concentration, temperature, catalysis

E.24.C.2 Solve problems developing an equilibrium constant or the concentration of a reactant or product

E.24.C.3 Explain the relationship of LeChatelier's Principle to equilibrium systems: temperature, pressure, concentration

E.24.C.4 Describe the application of equilibrium and kinetic concepts to the Haber Process: high concentration of hydrogen and nitrogen, removal of ammonia, precise temperature control, use of a contact catalyst, high pressure

AR.25.C. Chemistry: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: Students shall understand oxidation-reduction reactions to develop skills in balancing redox equations.

ORR.25.C.1 Identify substances that are oxidized and substances that are reduced in a chemical reaction

ORR.25.C.2 Complete and balance redox reactions: assign oxidation numbers, identify the oxidizing agent and reducing agent, write net ionic equations

AR.26.C. Chemistry: Oxidation-Reduction Reaction: Students shall explain the role of oxidation-reduction reactions in the production of electricity in a voltaic cell.

ORR.26.C.1 Write equations for the reactions occurring at the cathode and anode in electrolytic conduction

ORR.26.C.2 Build a voltaic cell and measure cell potential: half-cells, salt bridge

ORR.26.C.3 Explain the process of obtaining electricity from a chemical voltaic cell: line notation: anode (oxidation); cathode (reduction)

ORR.26.C.4 Calculate electric potential of a cell using redox potentials and predict product

ORR.26.C.5 Use redox potentials to predict electrolysis products and the electric potential of a cell

AR.27.C. Chemistry: Organic Chemistry: Students shall differentiate between aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

OC.27.C.1 Examine the bonding and structural differences of organic compounds: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, cyclic hydrocarbons

OC.27.C.2 Differentiate between the role and importance of aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbons

OC.27.C.3 Compare and contrast isomers

AR.28.C. Chemistry: Organic Chemistry: Students shall describe the functional groups in organic chemistry.

OC.28.C.1 Describe the functional groups in organic chemistry: halohydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amines, amides, amino acids, nitro compounds

OC.28.C.2 Name and write formulas for aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbons

AR.29.C. Chemistry: Organic Chemistry: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of organic compounds in living and non-living systems.

OC.29.C.1 Differentiate among the biochemical functions of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids

OC.29.C.2 Describe the manufacture of polymers derived from organic compounds: polymerization, crosslinking

AR.30.C. Chemistry: Nuclear Chemistry: Students shall understand the process transformations of nuclear radiation.

NC.30.C.1 Describe the following radiation emissions: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, positron particles

NC.30.C.2 Write and balance nuclear reactions

NC.30.C.3 Compare and contrast fission and fusion

NC.30.C.4 Apply the concept of half life to nuclear decay

AR.31.C. Chemistry: Nuclear Chemistry: Students shall understand the current and historical ramifications of nuclear energy.

NC.31.C.1 Construct models of instruments used to study, control, and utilize radioactive materials and nuclear processes

NC.31.C.2 Research the role of nuclear reactions in society: transmutation, nuclear power plants, Manhattan Project

AR.32.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.32.C.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.32.C.2 Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws

NS.32.C.3 Compare and contrast the criteria for the formation of scientific theory and scientific law

NS.32.C.4 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term 'theory' used in general conversation

NS.32.C.5 Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data; scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.33.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall design and safely conduct scientific inquiry.

NS.33.C.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.33.C.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to Arkansas Safety Lab Guide) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.33.C.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.33.C.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics

NS.33.C.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

NS.33.C.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables

AR.34.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the current theories in chemistry.

NS.34.C.1 Recognize that theories are scientific explanations that require empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.34.C.2 Understand that scientific theories may be modified or expanded based on additional empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.34.C.3 Research current events and topics in chemistry

AR.35.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve problems in chemistry.

NS.35.C.1 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables

NS.35.C.2 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems

NS.35.C.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.36.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.36.C.1 Compare and contrast chemistry concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.36.C.2 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.36.C.3 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact

NS.36.C.4 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.37.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various careers in chemistry and the training required for the selected career

NS.37.C.1 Research and evaluate science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.ES. Environmental Science: Physical Dynamics: Students shall understand the physical dynamics of Earth

PD.1.ES.1 Describe the structure, origin, and evolution of the Earth's components: atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere

PD.1.ES.2 Relate eras, epochs, and periods of Earth's history to geological development

PD.1.ES.3 Determine the relative and absolute ages of rock layers

PD.1.ES.4 Categorize the type and composition of various minerals

PD.1.ES.5 Explain the processes of the rock cycle

PD.1.ES.6 Describe the processes of degradation by weathering and erosion

PD.1.ES.7 Describe tectonic forces relating to internal energy production and convection currents

PD.1.ES.8 Describe the relationships of degradation (a general lowering of the earth's surface by erosion or weathering) and tectonic forces: volcanoes, earthquakes

PD.1.ES.9 Construct and interpret information on topographic maps

PD.1.ES.10 Describe the characteristics of each of the natural divisions of Arkansas: Ozark Plateau, Arkansas River Valley, Ouachita Mountains, Coastal Plain, Mississippi Alluvial Plain (Delta), Crowley's Ridge

PD.1.ES.11 Describe the physical and chemical properties of water

PD.1.ES.12 Compare and contrast characteristics of the oceans: composition, physical features of the ocean floor, life within the ocean, lateral and vertical motion

PD.1.ES.13 Investigate the evolution of the ocean floor

PD.1.ES.14 Investigate the stratification of the ocean: colligative properties (depends on the ratio of the number of particles of solute and solvent in the solution, not the identity of the solute); biological zonation (distribution of organisms in biogeographic zones)

PD.1.ES.15 Predict the effects of ocean currents on climate

PD.1.ES.16 Explain heat transfer in the atmosphere and its relationship to meteorological processes: pressure, winds, evaporation, precipitation

PD.1.ES.17 Compare and contrast meteorological processes related to air masses, weather systems, and forecasting

PD.1.ES.18 Construct and interpret weather maps

PD.1.ES.19 Describe the cycling of materials and energy: nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, phosphorous, hydrological, sulfur

AR.2.ES. Environmental Science: Biological Dynamics: Students shall understand the biological dynamics of Earth

BD.2.ES.1 Compare and contrast biomes

BD.2.ES.2 Describe relationships within a community: predation, competition, parasitism, mutualism, commensalism

BD.2.ES.3 Differentiate between primary and secondary succession

BD.2.ES.4 Construct a trophic-level pyramid (energy level)

BD.2.ES.5 Construct a food chain

BD.2.ES.6 Diagram a food web

BD.2.ES.7 Compare and contrast food webs and food chains

BD.2.ES.8 Describe biodiversity

BD.2.ES.9 Explain how limiting factors affect populations and ecosystems

BD.2.ES.10 Describe the natural selection process in populations

AR.3.ES. Environmental Science: Social Perspectives: Students shall understand the impact of human activities on the environment.

SP.3.ES.1 Explain the reciprocal relationships between Earth's processes (natural disasters) and human activities

SP.3.ES.2 Investigate the relationships between human consumption of natural resources and the stewardship responsibility for reclamations including disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste

SP.3.ES.3 Explain common problems related to water quality: conservation, usage, supply, treatment, pollutants (point and non-point sources)

SP.3.ES.4 Explain problems related to air quality: automobiles, industry, natural emissions

SP.3.ES.5 Evaluate the impact of different points of view on health, population, resource, and environmental issues: governmental, economic, societal

SP.3.ES.6 Research how political systems influence environmental decisions

SP.3.ES.7 Investigate which federal and state agencies have responsibility for environmental monitoring and action

SP.3.ES.8 Compare and contrast man-made environments and natural environments

SP.3.ES.9 Evaluate personal and societal benefits when examining health, population, resource, and environmental issues

SP.3.ES.10 Predict the long-term societal impact of specific health, population, resource, and environmental issues

SP.3.ES.11 Investigate the effect of public policy decisions on health, population, resource, and environmental issues

SP.3.ES.12 Explain the impact of factors such as birth rate, death rate, and migration rate on population changes

SP.3.ES.13 Distinguish between developed and developing countries

AR.4.ES. Environmental Science: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve environmental science problems.

NS.4.ES.1 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures and tables

NS.4.ES.2 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., microscopes, centrifuges, flexible arm cameras, computer software and hardware)

NS.4.ES.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.5.ES. Environmental Science: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.5.ES.1 Compare and contrast environmental concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.5.ES.2 Explain why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.5.ES.3 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economical and political impact

NS.5.ES.4 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.6.ES. Environmental Science: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various environmental science careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.6.ES.1 Research and evaluate science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.PS. Physical Science: Chemistry: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of matter's composition and structure.

C.1.PS.1 Compare and contrast chemical and physical properties of matter, including but not limited to flammability, reactivity, density, buoyancy, viscosity, melting point and boiling point

C.1.PS.2 Compare and contrast chemical and physical changes, including but not limited to rusting, burning, evaporation, boiling and dehydration

C.1.PS.3 Discuss and model the relative size and placement of sub-atomic particles

C.1.PS.4 Illustrate the placement of electrons in the first twenty elements using energy levels and orbitals

C.1.PS.5 Distinguish among atoms, ions, and isotopes

C.1.PS.6 Model the valence electrons using electron dot structures (Lewis electron dot structures)

C.1.PS.7 Explain the role of valence electrons in determining chemical properties

C.1.PS.8 Explain the role of valence electrons in forming chemical bonds

C.1.PS.9 Model bonding: ionic, covalent, metallic

C.1.PS.10 Identify commonly used polyatomic ions

C.1.PS.11 Write formulas for ionic and covalent compounds

C.1.PS.12 Name ionic and covalent compounds

C.1.PS.13 Identify the mole and amu (atomic mass unit) as units of measurement in chemistry

C.1.PS.14 Calculate the molar mass of compounds based on average atomic mass.

AR.2.PS. Physical Science: Chemistry: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of energy in chemistry.

C.2.PS.1 Identify the kinetic theory throughout the phases of matter

C.2.PS.2 Create and label heat versus temperature graphs (heating curves): solid, liquid, gas, triple point, heat of fusion, heat of vaporization

C.2.PS.3 Relate thermal expansion to the kinetic theory

C.2.PS.4 Compare and contrast Boyle's law and Charles' law

C.2.PS.5 Compare and contrast endothermic and exothermic reactions as energy is transferred

C.2.PS.6 Distinguish between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion

C.2.PS.7 Compare and contrast the emissions produced by radioactive decay: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays

AR.3.PS. Physical Science: Chemistry: Students shall compare and contrast chemical reactions.

C.3.PS.1 Identify and write balanced chemical equations: decomposition reaction, synthesis reaction, single displacement reaction, double displacement reaction, combustion reaction

C.3.PS.2 Predict the product(s) of a chemical reaction when given the reactants using chemical symbols and words

C.3.PS.3 Balance chemical equations using the Law of Conservation of Mass

C.3.PS.4 Determine mole ratio from a balanced reaction equation

C.3.PS.5 Compare and contrast the properties of reactants and products of a chemical reaction

C.3.PS.6 Model the role of activation energy in chemical reactions

C.3.PS.7 Examine factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions, including but not limited to temperature, light, concentration, catalysts, surface area, pressure

C.3.PS.8 Identify the observable evidence of a chemical reaction: formation of a precipitate, production of a gas, color change, changes in heat and light

C.3.PS.9 Relate fire safety measures to conditions necessary for combustion

AR.4.PS. Physical Science: Chemistry: Students shall classify organic compounds.

C.4.PS.1 Summarize carbon bonding: allotropes (diamond, graphite, fullerenes); carbon-carbon (single, double, triple); isomers (branched, straight-chain, ring)

C.4.PS.2 Identify organic compounds by their: formula, structure, properties, functional groups

C.4.PS.3 Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons

C.4.PS.4 Describe organic compounds and their functions in the human body: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

AR.5.PS. Physical Science: Physics: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of energy in physics.

P.5.PS.1 Distinguish among thermal energy, heat, and temperature

P.5.PS.2 Calculate changes in thermal energy using: q = mcT (Where q=heat energy; m=mass; c=specific heat; T=change in temperature)

AR.6.PS. Physical Science: Physics: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of forces in physics.

P.6.PS.1 Analyze how force affects motion: one-dimensional (linear), two-dimensional (projectile and rotational)

P.6.PS.2 Explain how motion is relative to a reference point

P.6.PS.3 Compare and contrast among speed, velocity and acceleration

P.6.PS.4 Solve problems using the formulas for speed and acceleration

P.6.PS.5 Interpret graphs related to motion: distance versus time (d-t); velocity versus time (v-t); acceleration versus time (a-t)

P.6.PS.6 Compare and contrast Newton's three laws of motion

P.6.PS.7 Design and conduct investigations demonstrating Newton's first law of motion

P.6.PS.8 Conduct investigations demonstrating Newton's second law of motion

P.6.PS.9 Design and conduct investigations demonstrating Newton's third law of motion

P.6.PS.10 Calculate force, mass, and acceleration using Newton's second law of motion: F = ma (Where F=force, m=mass, a=acceleration)

P.6.PS.11 Relate the Law of Conservation of Momentum to how it affects the movement of objects

P.6.PS.12 Compare and contrast the effects of forces on fluids: Archimedes' principle, Pascal's principle, Bernoulli's principle

P.6.PS.13 Design an experiment to show conversion of energy: mechanical (potential and kinetic), chemical, thermal, sound, light, nuclear

P.6.PS.14 Solve problems by using formulas for gravitational potential and kinetic energy

AR.7.PS. Physical Science: Physics: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of wave and particle motion.

P.7.PS.1 Compare and contrast a wave's speed through various mediums

P.7.PS.2 Explain diffraction of waves

P.7.PS.3 Explain Doppler effect using examples

P.7.PS.4 Calculate problems relating to wave properties: wavelength, frequency, period, velocity

P.7.PS.5 Describe how the physical properties of sound waves affect its perception

P.7.PS.6 Define light in terms of waves and particles

P.7.PS.7 Explain the formation of color by light and by pigments

P.7.PS.8 Investigate the separation of white light into colors by diffraction

P.7.PS.9 Illustrate constructive and destructive interference of light waves

P.7.PS.10 Differentiate among the reflected images produced by concave, convex, and plane mirrors

P.7.PS.11 Differentiate between the refracted images produced by concave and convex lenses

P.7.PS.12 Research current uses of optics and sound

AR.8.PS. Physical Science: Physics: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of electricity and magnetism in the physical world.

P.8.PS.1 Calculate voltage, current, and resistance from a schematic diagram

P.8.PS.2 Calculate electrical power using current and voltage: P = IV (Where P=power, I=current, V=voltage)

P.8.PS.3 Calculate electrical energy using electrical power and time: E=Pt (Where E=energy, P=power, t=time)

P.8.PS.4 Explain the use of electromagnets in step-up and step-down transformers

P.8.PS.5 Research current uses of electromagnets

AR.9.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.9.PS.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.9.PS.2 Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws

NS.9.PS.3 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term 'theory' used in general conversation

NS.9.PS.4 Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data; scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.10.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall design and safely conduct a scientific inquiry to solve valid problems.

NS.10.PS.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.10.PS.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.10.PS.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.10.PS.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics

NS.10.PS.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

NS.10.PS.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables

AR.11.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of historical trends in physical science.

NS.11.PS.1 Recognize the factors that constitute a scientific theory

NS.11.PS.2 Explain why scientific theories may be modified or expanded using additional empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.11.PS.3 Summarize the development of the current atomic theory

NS.11.PS.4 Analyze the development of the periodic table

NS.11.PS.5 Research historical events in physical science

NS.11.PS.6 Research current events and topics in physical science

AR.12.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve physical science problems.

NS.12.PS.1 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., balances, scales, calculators, probes, glassware, burners, computer software and hardware)

NS.12.PS.2 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables

NS.12.PS.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.13.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.13.PS.1 Compare and contrast physical science concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.13.PS.2 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.13.PS.3 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact

NS.13.PS.4 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

NS.13.PS.5 Describe in detail the methods used by scientists in their research

AR.14.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various physical science careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.14.PS.1 Research and evaluate physical science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand one-dimensional motion.

MF.1.P.1 Compare and contrast scalar and vector quantities

MF.1.P.2 Solve problems involving constant and average velocity

MF.1.P.3 Apply kinematic equations to calculate distance, time, or velocity under conditions of constant acceleration

MF.1.P.4 Compare graphic representations of motion: d-t, v-t, a-t

MF.1.P.5 Calculate the components of a free falling object at various points in motion

MF.1.P.6 Compare and contrast contact force (e.g., friction) and field forces (e.g., gravitational force)

MF.1.P.7 Draw free body diagrams of all forces acting upon an object

MF.1.P.8 Calculate the applied forces represented in a free body diagram

MF.1.P.9 Apply Newton's first law of motion to show balanced and unbalanced forces

MF.1.P.10 Apply Newton's second law of motion to solve motion problems that involve constant forces: F=ma

MF.1.P.11 Apply Newton's third law of motion to explain action-reaction pairs

MF.1.P.12 Calculate frictional forces (i.e., kinetic and static)

MF.1.P.13 Calculate the magnitude of the force of friction

AR.2.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand two-dimensional motion.

MF.2.P.1 Calculate the resultant vector of a moving object

MF.2.P.2 Resolve two-dimensional vectors into their components

MF.2.P.3 Calculate the magnitude and direction of a vector from its components

MF.2.P.4 Solve two-dimensional problems using balanced forces

MF.2.P.5 Solve two-dimensional problems using the Pythagorean Theorem or the quadratic formula

MF.2.P.6 Describe the path of a projectile as a parabola

MF.2.P.7 Apply kinematic equations to solve problems involving projectile motion of an object launched at an angle

MF.2.P.8 Apply kinematic equations to solve problems involving projectile motion of an object launched with initial horizontal velocity

MF.2.P.9 Calculate rotational motion with a constant force directed toward the center

MF.2.P.10 Solve problems in circular motion by using centripetal acceleration

AR.3.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand the dynamics of rotational equilibrium.

MF.3.P.1 Relate radians to degrees

MF.3.P.2 Calculate the magnitude of torque on an object

MF.3.P.3 Calculate angular speed and angular acceleration

MF.3.P.4 Solve problems using kinematic equations for angular motion

MF.3.P.5 Solve problems involving tangential speed

MF.3.P.6 Solve problems involving tangential acceleration

MF.3.P.7 Calculate centripetal acceleration

MF.3.P.8 Apply Newton's universal law of gravitation to find the gravitational force between two masses

AR.4.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand the relationship between work and energy.

MF.4.P.1 Calculate net work done by a constant net force

MF.4.P.2 Solve problems relating kinetic energy and potential energy to the work-energy theorem

MF.4.P.3 Solve problems through the application of conservation of mechanical energy

MF.4.P.4 Relate the concepts of time and energy to power

MF.4.P.5 Prove the relationship of time, energy and power through problem solving

AR.5.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand the law of conservation of momentum.

MF.5.P.1 Describe changes in momentum in terms of force and time

MF.5.P.2 Solve problems using the impulse-momentum theorem

MF.5.P.3 Compare total momentum of two objects before and after they interact

MF.5.P.4 Solve problems for perfectly inelastic and elastic collisions

AR.6.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand the concepts of fluid mechanics.

MF.6.P.1 Calibrate the applied buoyant force to determine if the object will sink or float

MF.6.P.2 Apply Pascal's principle to an enclosed fluid system

MF.6.P.3 Apply Bernoulli's equation to solve fluid-flow problems

MF.6.P.4 Use the ideal gas law to predict the properties of an ideal gas under different conditions: Physics (PV=NkbT - N=number of gas particles; kb=Boltzmann's constant; T=temperature); Chemistry (PV=nRT - n=number of moles; R=Molar gas constant; T=temperature)

AR.7.P. Physics: Heat and Thermodynamics: Students shall understand the effects of thermal energy on particles and systems.

HT.7.P.1 Perform specific heat capacity calculations

HT.7.P.2 Perform calculations involving latent heat

HT.7.P.3 Interpret the various sections of a heating curve diagram

HT.7.P.4 Calculate heat energy of the different phase changes of a substance

AR.8.P. Physics: Heat and Thermodynamics: Students shall apply the two laws of thermodynamics.

HT.8.P.1 Describe how the first law of thermodynamics is a statement of energy conversion

HT.8.P.2 Calculate heat, work, and the change in internal energy by applying the first law of thermodynamics

HT.8.P.3 Calculate the efficiency of a heat engine by using the second law of thermodynamics

HT.8.P.4 Distinguish between entropy changes within systems and the entropy change for the universe as a whole

AR.9.P. Physics: Waves and Optics: Students shall distinguish between simple harmonic motion and waves.

WO.9.P.1 Explain how force, velocity, and acceleration change as an object vibrates with simple harmonic motion

WO.9.P.2 Calculate the spring force using Hooke's law: F elastic=-kx (Where -k=spring constant)

WO.9.P.3 Calculate the period and frequency of an object vibrating with a simple harmonic motion

WO.9.P.4 Differentiate between pulse and periodic waves

WO.9.P.5 Relate energy and amplitude

AR.10.P. Physics: Waves and Optics: Students shall compare and contrast the law of reflection and the law of refraction.

WO.10.P.1 Calculate the frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation

WO.10.P.2 Apply the law of reflection for flat mirrors

WO.10.P.3 Describe the images formed by flat mirrors

WO.10.P.4 Calculate distances and focal lengths for curved mirrors

WO.10.P.5 Draw ray diagrams to find the image distance and magnification for curved mirrors

WO.10.P.6 Solve problems using Snell's law

WO.10.P.7 Calculate the index of refraction through various media using the following equation: n=c/v (Where n=index of refraction; c=speed of light in vacuum; v=speed of light in medium)

WO.10.P.8 Use a ray diagram to find the position of an image produced by a lens

WO.10.P.9 Solve problems using the thin-lens equation: 1/p + 1/q + 1/f (Where q=image distance; p=object distance; f=focal length)

WO.10.P.10 Calculate the magnification of lenses: M=h'/h=q/p (Where M=magnification; h'=image height; h=object height; q=image distance; p=object distance)

AR.11.P. Physics: Electricity and Magnetism: Students shall understand the relationship between electric forces and electric fields.

EM.11.P.1 Calculate electric force using Coulomb's law

EM.11.P.2 Calculate electric field strength

EM.11.P.3 Draw and interpret electric field lines

AR.12.P. Physics: Electricity and Magnetism: Students shall understand the relationship between electric energy and capacitance.

EM.12.P.1 Calculate electrical potential energy

EM.12.P.2 Compute the electric potential for various charge distributions

EM.12.P.3 Calculate the capacitance of various devices

EM.12.P.4 Construct a circuit to produce a pre-determined value of an Ohm's law variable

AR.13.P. Physics: Electricity and Magnetism: Students shall understand how magnetism relates to induced and alternating currents.

EM.13.P.1 Determine the strength of a magnetic field

EM.13.P.2 Use the first right-hand rule to find the direction of the force on the charge moving through a magnetic field

EM.13.P.3 Determine the magnitude and direction of the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field

EM.13.P.4 Describe how the change in the number of magnetic field lines through a circuit loop affects the magnitude and direction of the induced current

EM.13.P.5 Calculate the induced electromagnetic field (emf) and current using Faraday's law of induction

AR.14.P. Physics: Nuclear Physics: Students shall understand the concepts of quantum mechanics as they apply to the atomic spectrum.

NP.14.P.1 Calculate energy quanta using Planck's equation: E=hf

NP.14.P.2 Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of matter: wavelength=h/p=h/mv

NP.14.P.3 Distinguish between classical ideas of measurement and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle

NP.14.P.4 Research emerging theories in physics, such as string theory

AR.15.P. Physics: Nuclear Physics: Students shall understand the process of nuclear decay.

NP.15.P.1 Calculate the binding energy of various nuclei

NP.15.P.2 Predict the products of nuclear decay

NP.15.P.3 Calculate the decay constant and the half-life of a radioactive substance

AR.16.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.16.P.1 Describe why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.16.P.2 Compare and contrast the criteria for the formation of hypotheses, theories and laws

NS.16.P.3 Summarize the guidelines of science: results are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change as new data are generated; empirical knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.17.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall safely design and conduct a scientific inquiry to solve valid problems.

NS.17.P.1 Develop the appropriate procedures using controls and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.17.P.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.17.P.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.17.P.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics (e.g., percent yield, percent error)

NS.17.P.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

AR.18.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of historical trends in physics.

NS.18.P.1 Recognize that theories are scientific explanations that require empirical data, verification and peer review

NS.18.P.2 Research historical and current events in physics

AR.19.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve physics problems.

NS.19.P.1 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., balances, scales, calculators, probes, glassware, burners, computer software and hardware)

NS.19.P.2 Manipulate scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, charts, tables, and graphs

NS.19.P.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.20.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.20.P.1 Compare and contrast the connections between pure science and applied science as it relates to physics

NS.20.P.2 Give examples of scientific bias that affect outcomes of experimental results

NS.20.P.3 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.20.P.4 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact.

NS.20.P.5 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.21.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various physics careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.21.P.1 Research and evaluate careers in physics using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Organization of the Human Body: Students shall explore the organizational structures of the body from the molecular to the organism level.

OHB.1.AP.1 Infer the relationship between anatomy and physiology

OHB.1.AP.2 Sequence the levels of organization of the human body

OHB.1.AP.3 Identify the major body systems

OHB.1.AP.4 Describe relative positions, body planes, body regions and body quadrants

OHB.1.AP.5 Identify the major body cavities and the subdivisions of each cavity

OHB.1.AP.6 Investigate homeostatic control mechanisms and their importance to health and diseases

OHB.1.AP.7 Predict the effect of positive and negative feedback mechanisms on homeostasis

OHB.1.AP.8 Identify the major characteristics of life: metabolism, responsiveness, movement, Growth, reproduction, differentiation

AR.2.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Cellular Chemistry: Students shall understand the role of chemistry in body processes.

CC.2.AP.1 Distinguish between matter and energy

CC.2.AP.2 Explain the basic assumptions and conclusions of the atomic theory

CC.2.AP.3 Distinguish between compounds and mixtures

CC.2.AP.4 Explain the role of ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds in the human body

CC.2.AP.5 Write simple formulas and chemical word equations for the four basic types of reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement

CC.2.AP.6 Analyze the role of water in the human body

CC.2.AP.7 Explain the relationship among acids, bases, and salts

CC.2.AP.8 Relate the concept of pH to homeostasis

CC.2.AP.9 Compare the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

CC.2.AP.10 Describe the characteristics and importance of enzymes

AR.3.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Anatomy and Physiology of the Cell: Students shall understand that cells are the basic, structural, and functional units of life.

APC.3.AP.1 Explain the structure and function of the plasma membrane

APC.3.AP.2 Compare and contrast the different ways in which substances cross the plasma membrane: diffusion and osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, filtration, endocytosis, exocytosis

APC.3.AP.3 Describe the structure and function of organelles and cell parts

APC.3.AP.4 Identify chemical substances produced by cells

APC.3.AP.5 Differentiate among replication, transcription, and translation

APC.3.AP.6 Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis

APC.3.AP.7 Explain the consequences of abnormal cell division

AR.4.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Tissues: Students shall understand the histology of the human body

T.4.AP.1 Describe the structure, location, and function of each tissue category: epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle

AR.5.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the integumentary system.

BS.5.AP.1 Identify the components of the integumentary system

BS.5.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the skin

BS.5.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the integumentary system

BS.5.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the integumentary system

AR.6.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the skeletal system.

BS.6.AP.1 Identify the components the skeletal system

BS.6.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the skeletal system

BS.6.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic and microscopic structure of bone

BS.6.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the skeletal system

AR.7.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the muscular system.

BS.7.AP.1 Identify the components the muscular system

BS.7.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the muscular system

BS.7.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of muscle

BS.7.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the muscular system

AR.8.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system.

BS.8.AP.1 Identify the components the nervous system

BS.8.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the nervous system

BS.8.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the nervous system

BS.8.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the nervous system

AR.9.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system.

BS.9.AP.1 Identify the components of the endocrine system

BS.9.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the endocrine system

BS.9.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the endocrine system

BS.9.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the endocrine system

AR.10.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system.

BS.10.AP.1 Identify the components of the cardiovascular system

BS.10.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the cardiovascular system

BS.10.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the cardiovascular system

BS.10.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the cardiovascular system

AR.11.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the immune and lymphatic systems.

BS.11.AP.1 Identify the components of the immune and lymphatic systems

BS.11.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the immune and lymphatic systems

BS.11.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the immune and lymphatic systems

BS.11.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the immune and lymphatic systems

AR.12.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system.

BS.12.AP.1 Identify the components of the respiratory system

BS.12.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the respiratory system

BS.12.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the respiratory system

BS.12.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the respiratory system

AR.13.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system.

BS.13.AP.1 Identify the components the digestive system

BS.13.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the digestive system

BS.13.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the digestive system

BS.13.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the digestive system

AR.14.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system.

BS.14.AP.1 Identify the components the urinary system

BS.14.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the urinary system

BS.14.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the urinary system

BS.14.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the urinary system

AR.15.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system

BS.15.AP.1 Describe the components and the organization of the reproductive system

BS.15.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the reproductive system

BS.15.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the reproductive system

BS.15.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the reproductive system

AR.16.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.16.AP.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.16.AP.2 Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws

NS.16.AP.3 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term 'theory' used in general conversation

NS.16.AP.4 Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data; scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.17.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall design and safely conduct scientific inquiry.

NS.17.AP.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.17.AP.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.17.AP.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.17.AP.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics

NS.17.AP.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

NS.17.AP.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables

AR.18.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of current life science theories.

NS.18.AP.1 Understand that scientific theories may be modified or expanded based on additional empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.18.AP.2 Relate the development of the cell theory to current trends in cellular biology

NS.18.AP.3 Describe the relationship between the germ theory of disease and our current knowledge of immunology and control of infectious diseases

NS.18.AP.4 Relate the chromosome theory of heredity to recent findings in genetic research (e.g., Human Genome Project-HGP, chromosome therapy)

NS.18.AP.5 Research current events and topics in human biology

AR.19.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve life science problems.

NS.19.AP.1 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables

NS.19.AP.2 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., microscopes, centrifuges, flexible arm cameras, computer software and hardware)

NS.19.AP.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.20.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.20.AP.1 Compare and contrast human biology concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.20.AP.2 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.20.AP.3 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.21.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various health science careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.21.AP.1 Research and evaluate health science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements; salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.B. Biology: Molecules and Cells: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of chemistry in life processes.

MC.1.B.1 Describe the structure and function of the major organic molecules found in living systems: carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, lipids, nucleic acids

MC.1.B.2 Describe the relationship between an enzyme and its substrate molecule(s)

MC.1.B.3 Investigate the properties and importance of water and its significance for life: surface tension, adhesion, cohesion, polarity, pH

MC.1.B.4 Explain the role of energy in chemical reactions of living systems: activation energy, exergonic reactions, endergonic reactions

AR.2.B. Biology: Molecules and Cells: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of cells.

MC.2.B.1 Construct a hierarchy of life from cells to ecosystems

MC.2.B.2 Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes

MC.2.B.3 Describe the role of sub-cellular structures in the life of a cell: organelles, ribosomes, cytoskeleton

MC.2.B.4 Relate the function of the plasma (cell) membrane to its structure

MC.2.B.5 Compare and contrast the structures of an animal cell to a plant cell

MC.2.B.6 Compare and contrast the functions of autotrophs and heterotrophs

MC.2.B.7 Compare and contrast active transport and passive transport mechanisms: diffusion, osmosis, endocytosis, exocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis

MC.2.B.8 Describe the main events in the cell cycle, including the differences in plant and animal cell division: interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

MC.2.B.9 List in order and describe the stages of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

MC.2.B.10 Analyze the meiotic maintenance of a constant chromosome number from one generation to the next

MC.2.B.11 Discuss homeostasis using thermoregulation as an example

AR.3.B. Biology: Molecules and Cells: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of how cells obtain and use energy (energetics).

MC.3.B.1 Compare and contrast the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts

MC.3.B.2 Describe and model the conversion of stored energy in organic molecules into usable cellular energy (ATP): glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

MC.3.B.3 Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration: lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation

MC.3.B.4 Describe and model the conversion of light energy to chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms: light dependent reactions, light independent reactions

MC.3.B.5 Compare and contrast cellular respiration and photosynthesis as energy conversion pathways

AR.4.B. Biology: Heredity and Evolution: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of heredity.

HE.4.B.1 Summarize the outcomes of Gregor Mendel's experimental procedures

HE.4.B.2 Differentiate among the laws and principles of inheritance: dominance, segregation, independent assortment

HE.4.B.3 Use the laws of probability and Punnett squares to predict genotypic and phenotypic ratios

HE.4.B.4 Examine different modes of inheritance: sex linkage, codominance, crossing over, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles

HE.4.B.5 Analyze the historically significant work of prominent geneticists

HE.4.B.6 Evaluate karyotypes for abnormalities: monosomy, trisomy

AR.5.B. Biology: Heredity and Evolution: Students shall investigate the molecular basis of genetics.

HE.5.B.1 Model the components of a DNA nucleotide and an RNA nucleotide

HE.5.B.2 Describe the Watson-Crick double helix model of DNA, using the base-pairing rule (adenine-thymine, cytosine-guanine)

HE.5.B.3 Compare and contrast the structure and function of DNA and RNA

HE.5.B.4 Describe and model the processes of replication, transcription, and translation

HE.5.B.5 Compare and contrast the different types of mutation events, including point mutation, frameshift mutation, deletion, and inversion

HE.5.B.6 Identify effects of changes brought about by mutations: beneficial, harmful, neutral

AR.6.B. Biology: Heredity and Evolution: Students shall examine the development of the theory of biological evolution.

HE.6.B.1 Compare and contrast Lamarck's explanation of evolution with Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection

HE.6.B.2 Recognize that evolution involves a change in allele frequencies in a population across successive generations

HE.6.B.3 Analyze the effects of mutations and the resulting variations within a population in terms of natural selection

HE.6.B.4 Illustrate mass extinction events using a time line

HE.6.B.5 Evaluate evolution in terms of evidence as found in the following: fossil record, DNA analysis, artificial selection, morphology, embryology, viral evolution, geographic distribution of related species, antibiotic and pesticide resistance in various organisms

HE.6.B.6 Compare the processes of relative dating and radioactive dating to determine the age of fossils

HE.6.B.7 Interpret a Cladogram

AR.7.B. Biology: Classification and the Diversity of Life: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that organisms are diverse.

CDL.7.B.1 Differentiate among the different domains: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

CDL.7.B.2 Differentiate the characteristics of the six kingdoms: Eubacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

CDL.7.B.3 Identify the seven major taxonomic categories: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

CDL.7.B.4 Classify and name organisms based on their similarities and differences applying taxonomic nomenclature using dichotomous keys

CDL.7.B.5 Investigate Arkansas' biodiversity using appropriate tools and technology

CDL.7.B.6 Compare and contrast the structures and characteristics of viruses (lytic and lysogenic cycles) with non-living and living things

CDL.7.B.7 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of viruses

CDL.7.B.8 Compare and contrast life cycles of familiar organisms: sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, alternation of generations

CDL.7.B.9 Classify bacteria according to their characteristics and adaptations

CDL.7.B.10 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of bacteria

CDL.7.B.11 Describe the characteristics used to classify protists: plant-like, animal-like, fungal-like

CDL.7.B.12 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of protists

CDL.7.B.13 Compare and contrast fungi with other eukaryotic organisms

CDL.7.B.14 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of fungi

CDL.7.B.15 Differentiate between vascular and nonvascular plants

CDL.7.B.16 Differentiate among cycads, gymnosperms, and angiosperms

CDL.7.B.17 Describe the structure and function of the major parts of a plant: roots, stems, leaves, flowers

CDL.7.B.18 Relate the structure of plant tissue to its function: epidermal, ground, vascular

CDL.7.B.19 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of plants

CDL.7.B.20 Identify the symmetry of organisms: radial, bilateral, asymmetrical

CDL.7.B.21 Compare and contrast the major invertebrate classes according to their nervous, respiratory, excretory, circulatory, and digestive systems

CDL.7.B.22 Compare and contrast the major vertebrate classes according to their nervous, respiratory, excretory, circulatory, digestive, reproductive and integumentary systems

AR.8.B. Biology: Ecology and Behavioral Relationships: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of ecological and behavioral relationships among organisms.

EBR.8.B.1 Cite examples of abiotic and biotic factors of ecosystems

EBR.8.B.2 Compare and contrast the characteristics of biomes

EBR.8.B.3 Diagram the carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, and water cycles in an ecosystem

EBR.8.B.4 Analyze an ecosystem's energy flow through food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids

EBR.8.B.5 Identify and predict the factors that control population, including predation, competition, crowding, water, nutrients, and shelter

EBR.8.B.6 Summarize the symbiotic ways in which individuals within a community interact with each other: commensalism, parasitism, mutualism

EBR.8.B.7 Compare and contrast primary succession with secondary succession

EBR.8.B.8 Identify the properties of each of the five levels of ecology: organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

AR.9.B. Biology: Ecology and Behavioral Relationships: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the ecological impact of global issues.

EBR.9.B.1 Analyze the effects of human population growth and technology on the environment/biosphere

EBR.9.B.2 Evaluate long range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal in terms of their environmental, economic, and political impact

EBR.9.B.3 Assess current world issues applying scientific themes (e.g., global changes in climate, epidemics, pandemics, ozone depletion, UV radiation, natural resources, use of technology, and public policy)

AR.10.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.10.B.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.10.B.2 Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws

NS.10.B.3 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term 'theory' used in general conversation

NS.10.B.4 Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data; scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.11.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall design and safely conduct scientific inquiry.

NS.11.B.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.11.B.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.11.B.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.11.B.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics

NS.11.B.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

NS.11.B.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables

AR.12.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of current life science theories.

NS.12.B.1 Recognize that theories are scientific explanations that require empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.12.B.2 Understand that scientific theories may be modified or expanded based on additional empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.12.B.3 Summarize biological evolution

NS.12.B.4 Relate the development of the cell theory to current trends in cellular biology

NS.12.B.5 Describe the relationship between the germ theory of disease and our current knowledge of immunology and control of infectious diseases

NS.12.B.6 Relate the chromosome theory of heredity to recent findings in genetic research (e.g., Human Genome Project-HGP, chromosome therapy)

NS.12.B.7 Research current events and topics in biology

AR.13.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve life science problems.

NS.13.B.1 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables

NS.13.B.2 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., microscopes, centrifuges, flexible arm cameras, computer software and hardware)

NS.13.B.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.14.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.14.B.1 Compare and contrast biological concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.14.B.2 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.14.B.3 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact

NS.14.B.4 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.15.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various life science careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.15.B.1 Research and evaluate science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.C. Chemistry: Atomic Theory: Students shall understand the historical development of the model of the atom.

AT.1.C.1. Summarize the discoveries of the subatomic particles: Rutherford's gold foil, Chadwick's discovery of the neutron, Thomson's cathode ray, Millikan's Oil Drop

AT.1.C.2 Explain the historical events that led to the development of the current atomic theory

AR.2.C. Chemistry: Atomic Theory: Students shall understand the structure of the atom.

AT.2.C.1 Analyze an atom's particle position, arrangement, and charge using: proton, neutron, electron

AT.2.C.2 Compare the magnitude and range of nuclear forces to magnetic forces and gravitational forces

AT.2.C.3 Draw and explain nuclear symbols and hyphen notations for isotopes

AT.2.C.4 Derive an average atomic mass

AT.2.C.5 Determine the arrangement of subatomic particles in the ion(s) of an atom

AR.3.C. Chemistry: Atomic Theory: Students shall understand how the arrangement of electrons in atoms relates to the quantum model.

AT.3.C.1 Correlate emissions of visible light with the arrangement of electrons in atoms: quantum, frequency, wavelength

AT.3.C.2 Apply the following rules or principles to model electron arrangement in atoms: Aufbau Principle (diagonal filling order), Hund's Rule, Pauli's Exclusion Principle

AT.3.C.3 Predict the placement of elements on the Periodic Table and their properties using electron configuration

AT.3.C.4 Demonstrate electron placement in atoms using the following notations: orbital notations, electron configuration notation, Lewis electron dot structures

AR.4.C. Chemistry: Periodicity: Students shall understand the significance of the Periodic Table and its historical development.

P.4.C.1 Compare and contrast the historical events leading to the evolution of the Periodic Table

P.4.C.2 Describe the arrangement of the Periodic Table based on electron filling orders: Groups, Periods

P.4.C.3 Interpret periodic trends: atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, electron affinities, electronegativities

AR.5.C. Chemistry: Periodicity: Students shall name and write formulas for binary and ternary compounds.

P.5.C.1 Write formulas for binary and ternary compounds: IUPAC system, Greek prefixes, polyatomic ions

P.5.C.2 Name binary and ternary compounds

P.5.C.3 Predict the name and symbol for newly discovered elements using the IUPAC system

AR.6.C. Chemistry: Periodicity: Students shall explain the changes of matter using physical properties and chemical properties.

P.6.C.1 Compare and contrast matter based on uniformity of particles: pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures

P.6.C.2 Distinguish between extensive and intensive physical properties of matter

P.6.C.3 Separate homogeneous mixtures using physical processes: chromatography

P.6.C.4 Design experiments tracing the energy involved in physical changes and chemical changes

P.6.C.5 Predict the chemical properties of substances based on their electron configuration: active, inactive, inert

AR.7.C. Chemistry: Periodicity: Students shall use atomic mass or experimental data to calculate relationships between elements and compounds.

P.7.C.1 Demonstrate an understanding of the Law of Multiple Proportions

AR.8.C. Chemistry: Bonding: Students shall understand the process of ionic bonding.

B.8.C.1 Determine ion formation tendencies for groups on the Periodic Table: main group elements, transition elements

B.8.C.2 Derive formula units based on the charges of ions

B.8.C.3 Use the electronegativitiy chart to predict the bonding type of compounds: ionic, polar covalent, non-polar covalent

AR.9.C. Chemistry: Bonding: Students shall understand the process of covalent bonding.

B.9.C.1 Draw Lewis structures to show valence electrons for covalent bonding: lone pairs, shared pairs, hybridization, resonance

B.9.C.2 Determine the properties of covalent compounds based upon double and triple bonding

B.9.C.3 Predict the polarity and geometry of a molecule based upon shared electron pairs and lone electron pairs: VSEPR Model

B.9.C.4 Identify the strengths and effects of intermolecular forces (van der Waals): hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, dispersion forces (London)

AR.10.C. Chemistry: Bonding: Students shall understand the process of metallic bonding.

B.10.C.1 Explain the properties of metals due to delocalized electrons: molecular orbital model

AR.11.C. Chemistry: Bonding: Students shall relate the physical properties of solids to different types of bonding.

B.11.C.1 Distinguish between amorphous and crystalline solids

B.11.C.2 Compare and contrast the properties of crystalline solids: ionic, covalent network, covalent molecular, metallic

AR.12.C. Chemistry: Stoichiometry: Students shall understand the relationships between balanced chemical equations and mole relationships.

S.12.C.1 Balance chemical equations when all reactants and products are given

S.12.C.2 Use balanced reaction equations to obtain information about the amounts of reactants and products

S.12.C.3 Distinguish between limiting reactants and excess reactants in balanced reaction equations

S.12.C.4 Calculate stoichiometric quantities and use these to determine theoretical yields

AR.13.C. Chemistry: Stoichiometry: Students shall understand the mole concept and Avogadro's number.

S.13.C.1 Apply the mole concept to calculate the number of particles and the amount of substance: Avogadro's constant = 6.02 x E23

S.13.C.2 Determine the empirical and molecular formulas using the molar concept: molar mass, average atomic mass, molecular mass, formula mass

AR.14.C. Chemistry: Stoichiometry: Students shall predict products based upon the type of chemical reaction.

S.14.C.1 Given the products and reactants predict products for the following types of reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, combustion

AR.15.C. Chemistry: Stoichiometry: Students shall understand the composition of solutions, their formation, and their strengths expressed in various units.

S.15.C.1 Distinguish between the terms solute, solvent, solution and concentration

S.15.C.2 Give examples for the nine solvent-solute pairs

S.15.C.3 Calculate the following concentration expressions involving the amount of solute and volume of solution: molarity (M), molality (m), percent composition, normality (N)

S.15.C.4 Given the quantity of a solution, determine the quantity of another species in the reaction

S.15.C.5 Define heat of solution

S.15.C.6 Identify the physical state for each substance in a reaction equation

AR.16.C. Chemistry: Gas Laws: Student shall understand the behavior of gas particles as it relates to the kinetic theory.

GL.16.C.1 Demonstrate the relationship of the kinetic theory as it applies to gas particles: molecular motion, elastic collisions, temperature, pressure, ideal gas

GL.16.C.2 Calculate the effects of pressure, temperature, and volume on the number of moles of gas particles in chemical reactions

AR.17.C. Chemistry: Gas Laws: Students shall understand the relationships between temperature, pressure, volume, and moles of a gas.

GL.17.C.1 Calculate the effects of pressure, temperature, and volume to gases: Avogadro's Law, Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, Combined Law, Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure, Graham's Law of Effusion, Guy-Lussac, Ideal Gas Law

AR.18.C. Chemistry: Gas Laws: Student shall apply the stoichiometric mass and volume relationships of gases in chemical reactions.

GL.18.C.1 Calculate volume/mass relationships in balanced chemical reaction equations

AR.19.C. Chemistry: Acids and Bases: Students shall understand the historical development of the acid/base theories.

AB.19.C.1 Compare and contrast the following acid/base theories: Arrhenius Theory, Bronsted-Lowry Theory, Lewis Theory

AR.20.C. Chemistry: Acids and Bases: Students shall demonstrate proficiency in acid, base, and salt nomenclature.

AB.20.C.1 Name and write formulas for acids, bases and salts: binary acids, ternary acids, ionic compounds

AR.21.C. Chemistry: Acids and Bases: Students shall apply rules of nomenclature to acids, bases, and salts.

AB.21.C.1 Compare and contrast acid and base properties

AB.21.C.2 Describe the role that dissociation plays in the determination of strong and weak acids or bases

AB.21.C.3 Use acid-base equilibrium constants to develop and explain: ionization constants, percent of ionization, common ion effect

AB.21.C.4 Explain the role of the pH scale as applied to acids and bases

AR.22.C. Chemistry: Acids and Bases: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of titration as a laboratory tool.

AB.22.C.1 Perform a titration to solve for the concentration of an acid or base

AB.22.C.2 Use indicators in neutralization reactions

AB.22.C.3 Investigate the role of buffers

AR.23.C. Chemistry: Kinetics and Energetics: Students shall understand enthalpy, entropy, and free energy and their relationship to chemical reactions.

KE.23.C.1 Define enthalpy and entropy and explain the relationship to exothermic and endothermic reactions

KE.23.C.2 Define free energy in terms of enthalpy and entropy: spontaneous reaction, increase in disorder, decrease in disorder

KE.23.C.3 Calculate entropy, enthalpy, and free energy changes in chemical reactions

KE.23.C.4 Define specific heat capacity and its relationship to calorimetric measurements

KE.23.C.5 Determine the heat of formation and the heat of reaction using enthalpy values and the Law of Conservation of Energy

KE.23.C.6 Explain the role of activation energy and collision theory in chemical reactions

AR.24.C. Chemistry: Equilibrium: Students shall understand the factors that affect reaction rate and their relationship to quantitative chemical equilibrium.

E.24.C.1 List and explain the factors which affect the rate of a reaction and the relationship of these factors to chemical equilibrium: reversible reactions, reaction rate, nature of reactants, concentration, temperature, catalysis

E.24.C.2 Solve problems developing an equilibrium constant or the concentration of a reactant or product

E.24.C.3 Explain the relationship of LeChatelier's Principle to equilibrium systems: temperature, pressure, concentration

E.24.C.4 Describe the application of equilibrium and kinetic concepts to the Haber Process: high concentration of hydrogen and nitrogen, removal of ammonia, precise temperature control, use of a contact catalyst, high pressure

AR.25.C. Chemistry: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: Students shall understand oxidation-reduction reactions to develop skills in balancing redox equations.

ORR.25.C.1 Identify substances that are oxidized and substances that are reduced in a chemical reaction

ORR.25.C.2 Complete and balance redox reactions: assign oxidation numbers, identify the oxidizing agent and reducing agent, write net ionic equations

AR.26.C. Chemistry: Oxidation-Reduction Reaction: Students shall explain the role of oxidation-reduction reactions in the production of electricity in a voltaic cell.

ORR.26.C.1 Write equations for the reactions occurring at the cathode and anode in electrolytic conduction

ORR.26.C.2 Build a voltaic cell and measure cell potential: half-cells, salt bridge

ORR.26.C.3 Explain the process of obtaining electricity from a chemical voltaic cell: line notation: anode (oxidation); cathode (reduction)

ORR.26.C.4 Calculate electric potential of a cell using redox potentials and predict product

ORR.26.C.5 Use redox potentials to predict electrolysis products and the electric potential of a cell

AR.27.C. Chemistry: Organic Chemistry: Students shall differentiate between aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

OC.27.C.1 Examine the bonding and structural differences of organic compounds: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, cyclic hydrocarbons

OC.27.C.2 Differentiate between the role and importance of aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbons

OC.27.C.3 Compare and contrast isomers

AR.28.C. Chemistry: Organic Chemistry: Students shall describe the functional groups in organic chemistry.

OC.28.C.1 Describe the functional groups in organic chemistry: halohydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amines, amides, amino acids, nitro compounds

OC.28.C.2 Name and write formulas for aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbons

AR.29.C. Chemistry: Organic Chemistry: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of organic compounds in living and non-living systems.

OC.29.C.1 Differentiate among the biochemical functions of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids

OC.29.C.2 Describe the manufacture of polymers derived from organic compounds: polymerization, crosslinking

AR.30.C. Chemistry: Nuclear Chemistry: Students shall understand the process transformations of nuclear radiation.

NC.30.C.1 Describe the following radiation emissions: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, positron particles

NC.30.C.2 Write and balance nuclear reactions

NC.30.C.3 Compare and contrast fission and fusion

NC.30.C.4 Apply the concept of half life to nuclear decay

AR.31.C. Chemistry: Nuclear Chemistry: Students shall understand the current and historical ramifications of nuclear energy.

NC.31.C.1 Construct models of instruments used to study, control, and utilize radioactive materials and nuclear processes

NC.31.C.2 Research the role of nuclear reactions in society: transmutation, nuclear power plants, Manhattan Project

AR.32.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.32.C.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.32.C.2 Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws

NS.32.C.3 Compare and contrast the criteria for the formation of scientific theory and scientific law

NS.32.C.4 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term 'theory' used in general conversation

NS.32.C.5 Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data; scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.33.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall design and safely conduct scientific inquiry.

NS.33.C.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.33.C.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to Arkansas Safety Lab Guide) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.33.C.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.33.C.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics

NS.33.C.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

NS.33.C.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables

AR.34.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the current theories in chemistry.

NS.34.C.1 Recognize that theories are scientific explanations that require empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.34.C.2 Understand that scientific theories may be modified or expanded based on additional empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.34.C.3 Research current events and topics in chemistry

AR.35.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve problems in chemistry.

NS.35.C.1 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables

NS.35.C.2 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems

NS.35.C.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.36.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.36.C.1 Compare and contrast chemistry concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.36.C.2 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.36.C.3 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact

NS.36.C.4 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.37.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various careers in chemistry and the training required for the selected career

NS.37.C.1 Research and evaluate science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.ES. Environmental Science: Physical Dynamics: Students shall understand the physical dynamics of Earth

PD.1.ES.1 Describe the structure, origin, and evolution of the Earth's components: atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere

PD.1.ES.2 Relate eras, epochs, and periods of Earth's history to geological development

PD.1.ES.3 Determine the relative and absolute ages of rock layers

PD.1.ES.4 Categorize the type and composition of various minerals

PD.1.ES.5 Explain the processes of the rock cycle

PD.1.ES.6 Describe the processes of degradation by weathering and erosion

PD.1.ES.7 Describe tectonic forces relating to internal energy production and convection currents

PD.1.ES.8 Describe the relationships of degradation (a general lowering of the earth's surface by erosion or weathering) and tectonic forces: volcanoes, earthquakes

PD.1.ES.9 Construct and interpret information on topographic maps

PD.1.ES.10 Describe the characteristics of each of the natural divisions of Arkansas: Ozark Plateau, Arkansas River Valley, Ouachita Mountains, Coastal Plain, Mississippi Alluvial Plain (Delta), Crowley's Ridge

PD.1.ES.11 Describe the physical and chemical properties of water

PD.1.ES.12 Compare and contrast characteristics of the oceans: composition, physical features of the ocean floor, life within the ocean, lateral and vertical motion

PD.1.ES.13 Investigate the evolution of the ocean floor

PD.1.ES.14 Investigate the stratification of the ocean: colligative properties (depends on the ratio of the number of particles of solute and solvent in the solution, not the identity of the solute); biological zonation (distribution of organisms in biogeographic zones)

PD.1.ES.15 Predict the effects of ocean currents on climate

PD.1.ES.16 Explain heat transfer in the atmosphere and its relationship to meteorological processes: pressure, winds, evaporation, precipitation

PD.1.ES.17 Compare and contrast meteorological processes related to air masses, weather systems, and forecasting

PD.1.ES.18 Construct and interpret weather maps

PD.1.ES.19 Describe the cycling of materials and energy: nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, phosphorous, hydrological, sulfur

AR.2.ES. Environmental Science: Biological Dynamics: Students shall understand the biological dynamics of Earth

BD.2.ES.1 Compare and contrast biomes

BD.2.ES.2 Describe relationships within a community: predation, competition, parasitism, mutualism, commensalism

BD.2.ES.3 Differentiate between primary and secondary succession

BD.2.ES.4 Construct a trophic-level pyramid (energy level)

BD.2.ES.5 Construct a food chain

BD.2.ES.6 Diagram a food web

BD.2.ES.7 Compare and contrast food webs and food chains

BD.2.ES.8 Describe biodiversity

BD.2.ES.9 Explain how limiting factors affect populations and ecosystems

BD.2.ES.10 Describe the natural selection process in populations

AR.3.ES. Environmental Science: Social Perspectives: Students shall understand the impact of human activities on the environment.

SP.3.ES.1 Explain the reciprocal relationships between Earth's processes (natural disasters) and human activities

SP.3.ES.2 Investigate the relationships between human consumption of natural resources and the stewardship responsibility for reclamations including disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste

SP.3.ES.3 Explain common problems related to water quality: conservation, usage, supply, treatment, pollutants (point and non-point sources)

SP.3.ES.4 Explain problems related to air quality: automobiles, industry, natural emissions

SP.3.ES.5 Evaluate the impact of different points of view on health, population, resource, and environmental issues: governmental, economic, societal

SP.3.ES.6 Research how political systems influence environmental decisions

SP.3.ES.7 Investigate which federal and state agencies have responsibility for environmental monitoring and action

SP.3.ES.8 Compare and contrast man-made environments and natural environments

SP.3.ES.9 Evaluate personal and societal benefits when examining health, population, resource, and environmental issues

SP.3.ES.10 Predict the long-term societal impact of specific health, population, resource, and environmental issues

SP.3.ES.11 Investigate the effect of public policy decisions on health, population, resource, and environmental issues

SP.3.ES.12 Explain the impact of factors such as birth rate, death rate, and migration rate on population changes

SP.3.ES.13 Distinguish between developed and developing countries

AR.4.ES. Environmental Science: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve environmental science problems.

NS.4.ES.1 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures and tables

NS.4.ES.2 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., microscopes, centrifuges, flexible arm cameras, computer software and hardware)

NS.4.ES.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.5.ES. Environmental Science: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.5.ES.1 Compare and contrast environmental concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.5.ES.2 Explain why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.5.ES.3 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economical and political impact

NS.5.ES.4 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.6.ES. Environmental Science: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various environmental science careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.6.ES.1 Research and evaluate science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.PS. Physical Science: Chemistry: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of matter's composition and structure.

C.1.PS.1 Compare and contrast chemical and physical properties of matter, including but not limited to flammability, reactivity, density, buoyancy, viscosity, melting point and boiling point

C.1.PS.2 Compare and contrast chemical and physical changes, including but not limited to rusting, burning, evaporation, boiling and dehydration

C.1.PS.3 Discuss and model the relative size and placement of sub-atomic particles

C.1.PS.4 Illustrate the placement of electrons in the first twenty elements using energy levels and orbitals

C.1.PS.5 Distinguish among atoms, ions, and isotopes

C.1.PS.6 Model the valence electrons using electron dot structures (Lewis electron dot structures)

C.1.PS.7 Explain the role of valence electrons in determining chemical properties

C.1.PS.8 Explain the role of valence electrons in forming chemical bonds

C.1.PS.9 Model bonding: ionic, covalent, metallic

C.1.PS.10 Identify commonly used polyatomic ions

C.1.PS.11 Write formulas for ionic and covalent compounds

C.1.PS.12 Name ionic and covalent compounds

C.1.PS.13 Identify the mole and amu (atomic mass unit) as units of measurement in chemistry

C.1.PS.14 Calculate the molar mass of compounds based on average atomic mass.

AR.2.PS. Physical Science: Chemistry: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of energy in chemistry.

C.2.PS.1 Identify the kinetic theory throughout the phases of matter

C.2.PS.2 Create and label heat versus temperature graphs (heating curves): solid, liquid, gas, triple point, heat of fusion, heat of vaporization

C.2.PS.3 Relate thermal expansion to the kinetic theory

C.2.PS.4 Compare and contrast Boyle's law and Charles' law

C.2.PS.5 Compare and contrast endothermic and exothermic reactions as energy is transferred

C.2.PS.6 Distinguish between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion

C.2.PS.7 Compare and contrast the emissions produced by radioactive decay: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays

AR.3.PS. Physical Science: Chemistry: Students shall compare and contrast chemical reactions.

C.3.PS.1 Identify and write balanced chemical equations: decomposition reaction, synthesis reaction, single displacement reaction, double displacement reaction, combustion reaction

C.3.PS.2 Predict the product(s) of a chemical reaction when given the reactants using chemical symbols and words

C.3.PS.3 Balance chemical equations using the Law of Conservation of Mass

C.3.PS.4 Determine mole ratio from a balanced reaction equation

C.3.PS.5 Compare and contrast the properties of reactants and products of a chemical reaction

C.3.PS.6 Model the role of activation energy in chemical reactions

C.3.PS.7 Examine factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions, including but not limited to temperature, light, concentration, catalysts, surface area, pressure

C.3.PS.8 Identify the observable evidence of a chemical reaction: formation of a precipitate, production of a gas, color change, changes in heat and light

C.3.PS.9 Relate fire safety measures to conditions necessary for combustion

AR.4.PS. Physical Science: Chemistry: Students shall classify organic compounds.

C.4.PS.1 Summarize carbon bonding: allotropes (diamond, graphite, fullerenes); carbon-carbon (single, double, triple); isomers (branched, straight-chain, ring)

C.4.PS.2 Identify organic compounds by their: formula, structure, properties, functional groups

C.4.PS.3 Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons

C.4.PS.4 Describe organic compounds and their functions in the human body: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

AR.5.PS. Physical Science: Physics: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of energy in physics.

P.5.PS.1 Distinguish among thermal energy, heat, and temperature

P.5.PS.2 Calculate changes in thermal energy using: q = mcT (Where q=heat energy; m=mass; c=specific heat; T=change in temperature)

AR.6.PS. Physical Science: Physics: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of forces in physics.

P.6.PS.1 Analyze how force affects motion: one-dimensional (linear), two-dimensional (projectile and rotational)

P.6.PS.2 Explain how motion is relative to a reference point

P.6.PS.3 Compare and contrast among speed, velocity and acceleration

P.6.PS.4 Solve problems using the formulas for speed and acceleration

P.6.PS.5 Interpret graphs related to motion: distance versus time (d-t); velocity versus time (v-t); acceleration versus time (a-t)

P.6.PS.6 Compare and contrast Newton's three laws of motion

P.6.PS.7 Design and conduct investigations demonstrating Newton's first law of motion

P.6.PS.8 Conduct investigations demonstrating Newton's second law of motion

P.6.PS.9 Design and conduct investigations demonstrating Newton's third law of motion

P.6.PS.10 Calculate force, mass, and acceleration using Newton's second law of motion: F = ma (Where F=force, m=mass, a=acceleration)

P.6.PS.11 Relate the Law of Conservation of Momentum to how it affects the movement of objects

P.6.PS.12 Compare and contrast the effects of forces on fluids: Archimedes' principle, Pascal's principle, Bernoulli's principle

P.6.PS.13 Design an experiment to show conversion of energy: mechanical (potential and kinetic), chemical, thermal, sound, light, nuclear

P.6.PS.14 Solve problems by using formulas for gravitational potential and kinetic energy

AR.7.PS. Physical Science: Physics: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of wave and particle motion.

P.7.PS.1 Compare and contrast a wave's speed through various mediums

P.7.PS.2 Explain diffraction of waves

P.7.PS.3 Explain Doppler effect using examples

P.7.PS.4 Calculate problems relating to wave properties: wavelength, frequency, period, velocity

P.7.PS.5 Describe how the physical properties of sound waves affect its perception

P.7.PS.6 Define light in terms of waves and particles

P.7.PS.7 Explain the formation of color by light and by pigments

P.7.PS.8 Investigate the separation of white light into colors by diffraction

P.7.PS.9 Illustrate constructive and destructive interference of light waves

P.7.PS.10 Differentiate among the reflected images produced by concave, convex, and plane mirrors

P.7.PS.11 Differentiate between the refracted images produced by concave and convex lenses

P.7.PS.12 Research current uses of optics and sound

AR.8.PS. Physical Science: Physics: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of electricity and magnetism in the physical world.

P.8.PS.1 Calculate voltage, current, and resistance from a schematic diagram

P.8.PS.2 Calculate electrical power using current and voltage: P = IV (Where P=power, I=current, V=voltage)

P.8.PS.3 Calculate electrical energy using electrical power and time: E=Pt (Where E=energy, P=power, t=time)

P.8.PS.4 Explain the use of electromagnets in step-up and step-down transformers

P.8.PS.5 Research current uses of electromagnets

AR.9.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.9.PS.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.9.PS.2 Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws

NS.9.PS.3 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term 'theory' used in general conversation

NS.9.PS.4 Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data; scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.10.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall design and safely conduct a scientific inquiry to solve valid problems.

NS.10.PS.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.10.PS.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.10.PS.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.10.PS.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics

NS.10.PS.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

NS.10.PS.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables

AR.11.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of historical trends in physical science.

NS.11.PS.1 Recognize the factors that constitute a scientific theory

NS.11.PS.2 Explain why scientific theories may be modified or expanded using additional empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.11.PS.3 Summarize the development of the current atomic theory

NS.11.PS.4 Analyze the development of the periodic table

NS.11.PS.5 Research historical events in physical science

NS.11.PS.6 Research current events and topics in physical science

AR.12.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve physical science problems.

NS.12.PS.1 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., balances, scales, calculators, probes, glassware, burners, computer software and hardware)

NS.12.PS.2 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables

NS.12.PS.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.13.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.13.PS.1 Compare and contrast physical science concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.13.PS.2 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.13.PS.3 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact

NS.13.PS.4 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

NS.13.PS.5 Describe in detail the methods used by scientists in their research

AR.14.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various physical science careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.14.PS.1 Research and evaluate physical science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand one-dimensional motion.

MF.1.P.1 Compare and contrast scalar and vector quantities

MF.1.P.2 Solve problems involving constant and average velocity

MF.1.P.3 Apply kinematic equations to calculate distance, time, or velocity under conditions of constant acceleration

MF.1.P.4 Compare graphic representations of motion: d-t, v-t, a-t

MF.1.P.5 Calculate the components of a free falling object at various points in motion

MF.1.P.6 Compare and contrast contact force (e.g., friction) and field forces (e.g., gravitational force)

MF.1.P.7 Draw free body diagrams of all forces acting upon an object

MF.1.P.8 Calculate the applied forces represented in a free body diagram

MF.1.P.9 Apply Newton's first law of motion to show balanced and unbalanced forces

MF.1.P.10 Apply Newton's second law of motion to solve motion problems that involve constant forces: F=ma

MF.1.P.11 Apply Newton's third law of motion to explain action-reaction pairs

MF.1.P.12 Calculate frictional forces (i.e., kinetic and static)

MF.1.P.13 Calculate the magnitude of the force of friction

AR.2.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand two-dimensional motion.

MF.2.P.1 Calculate the resultant vector of a moving object

MF.2.P.2 Resolve two-dimensional vectors into their components

MF.2.P.3 Calculate the magnitude and direction of a vector from its components

MF.2.P.4 Solve two-dimensional problems using balanced forces

MF.2.P.5 Solve two-dimensional problems using the Pythagorean Theorem or the quadratic formula

MF.2.P.6 Describe the path of a projectile as a parabola

MF.2.P.7 Apply kinematic equations to solve problems involving projectile motion of an object launched at an angle

MF.2.P.8 Apply kinematic equations to solve problems involving projectile motion of an object launched with initial horizontal velocity

MF.2.P.9 Calculate rotational motion with a constant force directed toward the center

MF.2.P.10 Solve problems in circular motion by using centripetal acceleration

AR.3.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand the dynamics of rotational equilibrium.

MF.3.P.1 Relate radians to degrees

MF.3.P.2 Calculate the magnitude of torque on an object

MF.3.P.3 Calculate angular speed and angular acceleration

MF.3.P.4 Solve problems using kinematic equations for angular motion

MF.3.P.5 Solve problems involving tangential speed

MF.3.P.6 Solve problems involving tangential acceleration

MF.3.P.7 Calculate centripetal acceleration

MF.3.P.8 Apply Newton's universal law of gravitation to find the gravitational force between two masses

AR.4.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand the relationship between work and energy.

MF.4.P.1 Calculate net work done by a constant net force

MF.4.P.2 Solve problems relating kinetic energy and potential energy to the work-energy theorem

MF.4.P.3 Solve problems through the application of conservation of mechanical energy

MF.4.P.4 Relate the concepts of time and energy to power

MF.4.P.5 Prove the relationship of time, energy and power through problem solving

AR.5.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand the law of conservation of momentum.

MF.5.P.1 Describe changes in momentum in terms of force and time

MF.5.P.2 Solve problems using the impulse-momentum theorem

MF.5.P.3 Compare total momentum of two objects before and after they interact

MF.5.P.4 Solve problems for perfectly inelastic and elastic collisions

AR.6.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand the concepts of fluid mechanics.

MF.6.P.1 Calibrate the applied buoyant force to determine if the object will sink or float

MF.6.P.2 Apply Pascal's principle to an enclosed fluid system

MF.6.P.3 Apply Bernoulli's equation to solve fluid-flow problems

MF.6.P.4 Use the ideal gas law to predict the properties of an ideal gas under different conditions: Physics (PV=NkbT - N=number of gas particles; kb=Boltzmann's constant; T=temperature); Chemistry (PV=nRT - n=number of moles; R=Molar gas constant; T=temperature)

AR.7.P. Physics: Heat and Thermodynamics: Students shall understand the effects of thermal energy on particles and systems.

HT.7.P.1 Perform specific heat capacity calculations

HT.7.P.2 Perform calculations involving latent heat

HT.7.P.3 Interpret the various sections of a heating curve diagram

HT.7.P.4 Calculate heat energy of the different phase changes of a substance

AR.8.P. Physics: Heat and Thermodynamics: Students shall apply the two laws of thermodynamics.

HT.8.P.1 Describe how the first law of thermodynamics is a statement of energy conversion

HT.8.P.2 Calculate heat, work, and the change in internal energy by applying the first law of thermodynamics

HT.8.P.3 Calculate the efficiency of a heat engine by using the second law of thermodynamics

HT.8.P.4 Distinguish between entropy changes within systems and the entropy change for the universe as a whole

AR.9.P. Physics: Waves and Optics: Students shall distinguish between simple harmonic motion and waves.

WO.9.P.1 Explain how force, velocity, and acceleration change as an object vibrates with simple harmonic motion

WO.9.P.2 Calculate the spring force using Hooke's law: F elastic=-kx (Where -k=spring constant)

WO.9.P.3 Calculate the period and frequency of an object vibrating with a simple harmonic motion

WO.9.P.4 Differentiate between pulse and periodic waves

WO.9.P.5 Relate energy and amplitude

AR.10.P. Physics: Waves and Optics: Students shall compare and contrast the law of reflection and the law of refraction.

WO.10.P.1 Calculate the frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation

WO.10.P.2 Apply the law of reflection for flat mirrors

WO.10.P.3 Describe the images formed by flat mirrors

WO.10.P.4 Calculate distances and focal lengths for curved mirrors

WO.10.P.5 Draw ray diagrams to find the image distance and magnification for curved mirrors

WO.10.P.6 Solve problems using Snell's law

WO.10.P.7 Calculate the index of refraction through various media using the following equation: n=c/v (Where n=index of refraction; c=speed of light in vacuum; v=speed of light in medium)

WO.10.P.8 Use a ray diagram to find the position of an image produced by a lens

WO.10.P.9 Solve problems using the thin-lens equation: 1/p + 1/q + 1/f (Where q=image distance; p=object distance; f=focal length)

WO.10.P.10 Calculate the magnification of lenses: M=h'/h=q/p (Where M=magnification; h'=image height; h=object height; q=image distance; p=object distance)

AR.11.P. Physics: Electricity and Magnetism: Students shall understand the relationship between electric forces and electric fields.

EM.11.P.1 Calculate electric force using Coulomb's law

EM.11.P.2 Calculate electric field strength

EM.11.P.3 Draw and interpret electric field lines

AR.12.P. Physics: Electricity and Magnetism: Students shall understand the relationship between electric energy and capacitance.

EM.12.P.1 Calculate electrical potential energy

EM.12.P.2 Compute the electric potential for various charge distributions

EM.12.P.3 Calculate the capacitance of various devices

EM.12.P.4 Construct a circuit to produce a pre-determined value of an Ohm's law variable

AR.13.P. Physics: Electricity and Magnetism: Students shall understand how magnetism relates to induced and alternating currents.

EM.13.P.1 Determine the strength of a magnetic field

EM.13.P.2 Use the first right-hand rule to find the direction of the force on the charge moving through a magnetic field

EM.13.P.3 Determine the magnitude and direction of the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field

EM.13.P.4 Describe how the change in the number of magnetic field lines through a circuit loop affects the magnitude and direction of the induced current

EM.13.P.5 Calculate the induced electromagnetic field (emf) and current using Faraday's law of induction

AR.14.P. Physics: Nuclear Physics: Students shall understand the concepts of quantum mechanics as they apply to the atomic spectrum.

NP.14.P.1 Calculate energy quanta using Planck's equation: E=hf

NP.14.P.2 Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of matter: wavelength=h/p=h/mv

NP.14.P.3 Distinguish between classical ideas of measurement and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle

NP.14.P.4 Research emerging theories in physics, such as string theory

AR.15.P. Physics: Nuclear Physics: Students shall understand the process of nuclear decay.

NP.15.P.1 Calculate the binding energy of various nuclei

NP.15.P.2 Predict the products of nuclear decay

NP.15.P.3 Calculate the decay constant and the half-life of a radioactive substance

AR.16.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.16.P.1 Describe why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.16.P.2 Compare and contrast the criteria for the formation of hypotheses, theories and laws

NS.16.P.3 Summarize the guidelines of science: results are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change as new data are generated; empirical knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.17.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall safely design and conduct a scientific inquiry to solve valid problems.

NS.17.P.1 Develop the appropriate procedures using controls and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.17.P.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.17.P.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.17.P.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics (e.g., percent yield, percent error)

NS.17.P.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

AR.18.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of historical trends in physics.

NS.18.P.1 Recognize that theories are scientific explanations that require empirical data, verification and peer review

NS.18.P.2 Research historical and current events in physics

AR.19.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve physics problems.

NS.19.P.1 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., balances, scales, calculators, probes, glassware, burners, computer software and hardware)

NS.19.P.2 Manipulate scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, charts, tables, and graphs

NS.19.P.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.20.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.20.P.1 Compare and contrast the connections between pure science and applied science as it relates to physics

NS.20.P.2 Give examples of scientific bias that affect outcomes of experimental results

NS.20.P.3 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.20.P.4 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact.

NS.20.P.5 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.21.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various physics careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.21.P.1 Research and evaluate careers in physics using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Organization of the Human Body: Students shall explore the organizational structures of the body from the molecular to the organism level.

OHB.1.AP.1 Infer the relationship between anatomy and physiology

OHB.1.AP.2 Sequence the levels of organization of the human body

OHB.1.AP.3 Identify the major body systems

OHB.1.AP.4 Describe relative positions, body planes, body regions and body quadrants

OHB.1.AP.5 Identify the major body cavities and the subdivisions of each cavity

OHB.1.AP.6 Investigate homeostatic control mechanisms and their importance to health and diseases

OHB.1.AP.7 Predict the effect of positive and negative feedback mechanisms on homeostasis

OHB.1.AP.8 Identify the major characteristics of life: metabolism, responsiveness, movement, Growth, reproduction, differentiation

AR.2.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Cellular Chemistry: Students shall understand the role of chemistry in body processes.

CC.2.AP.1 Distinguish between matter and energy

CC.2.AP.2 Explain the basic assumptions and conclusions of the atomic theory

CC.2.AP.3 Distinguish between compounds and mixtures

CC.2.AP.4 Explain the role of ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds in the human body

CC.2.AP.5 Write simple formulas and chemical word equations for the four basic types of reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement

CC.2.AP.6 Analyze the role of water in the human body

CC.2.AP.7 Explain the relationship among acids, bases, and salts

CC.2.AP.8 Relate the concept of pH to homeostasis

CC.2.AP.9 Compare the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

CC.2.AP.10 Describe the characteristics and importance of enzymes

AR.3.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Anatomy and Physiology of the Cell: Students shall understand that cells are the basic, structural, and functional units of life.

APC.3.AP.1 Explain the structure and function of the plasma membrane

APC.3.AP.2 Compare and contrast the different ways in which substances cross the plasma membrane: diffusion and osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, filtration, endocytosis, exocytosis

APC.3.AP.3 Describe the structure and function of organelles and cell parts

APC.3.AP.4 Identify chemical substances produced by cells

APC.3.AP.5 Differentiate among replication, transcription, and translation

APC.3.AP.6 Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis

APC.3.AP.7 Explain the consequences of abnormal cell division

AR.4.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Tissues: Students shall understand the histology of the human body

T.4.AP.1 Describe the structure, location, and function of each tissue category: epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle

AR.5.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the integumentary system.

BS.5.AP.1 Identify the components of the integumentary system

BS.5.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the skin

BS.5.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the integumentary system

BS.5.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the integumentary system

AR.6.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the skeletal system.

BS.6.AP.1 Identify the components the skeletal system

BS.6.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the skeletal system

BS.6.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic and microscopic structure of bone

BS.6.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the skeletal system

AR.7.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the muscular system.

BS.7.AP.1 Identify the components the muscular system

BS.7.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the muscular system

BS.7.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of muscle

BS.7.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the muscular system

AR.8.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system.

BS.8.AP.1 Identify the components the nervous system

BS.8.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the nervous system

BS.8.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the nervous system

BS.8.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the nervous system

AR.9.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system.

BS.9.AP.1 Identify the components of the endocrine system

BS.9.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the endocrine system

BS.9.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the endocrine system

BS.9.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the endocrine system

AR.10.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system.

BS.10.AP.1 Identify the components of the cardiovascular system

BS.10.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the cardiovascular system

BS.10.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the cardiovascular system

BS.10.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the cardiovascular system

AR.11.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the immune and lymphatic systems.

BS.11.AP.1 Identify the components of the immune and lymphatic systems

BS.11.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the immune and lymphatic systems

BS.11.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the immune and lymphatic systems

BS.11.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the immune and lymphatic systems

AR.12.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system.

BS.12.AP.1 Identify the components of the respiratory system

BS.12.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the respiratory system

BS.12.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the respiratory system

BS.12.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the respiratory system

AR.13.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system.

BS.13.AP.1 Identify the components the digestive system

BS.13.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the digestive system

BS.13.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the digestive system

BS.13.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the digestive system

AR.14.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system.

BS.14.AP.1 Identify the components the urinary system

BS.14.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the urinary system

BS.14.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the urinary system

BS.14.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the urinary system

AR.15.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems: Students shall describe the anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system

BS.15.AP.1 Describe the components and the organization of the reproductive system

BS.15.AP.2 Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the reproductive system

BS.15.AP.3 Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the reproductive system

BS.15.AP.4 Describe disorders associated with the reproductive system

AR.16.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.16.AP.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.16.AP.2 Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws

NS.16.AP.3 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term 'theory' used in general conversation

NS.16.AP.4 Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data; scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.17.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall design and safely conduct scientific inquiry.

NS.17.AP.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.17.AP.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.17.AP.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.17.AP.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics

NS.17.AP.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

NS.17.AP.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables

AR.18.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of current life science theories.

NS.18.AP.1 Understand that scientific theories may be modified or expanded based on additional empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.18.AP.2 Relate the development of the cell theory to current trends in cellular biology

NS.18.AP.3 Describe the relationship between the germ theory of disease and our current knowledge of immunology and control of infectious diseases

NS.18.AP.4 Relate the chromosome theory of heredity to recent findings in genetic research (e.g., Human Genome Project-HGP, chromosome therapy)

NS.18.AP.5 Research current events and topics in human biology

AR.19.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve life science problems.

NS.19.AP.1 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables

NS.19.AP.2 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., microscopes, centrifuges, flexible arm cameras, computer software and hardware)

NS.19.AP.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.20.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.20.AP.1 Compare and contrast human biology concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.20.AP.2 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.20.AP.3 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.21.AP. Anatomy and Physiology: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various health science careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.21.AP.1 Research and evaluate health science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements; salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.B. Biology: Molecules and Cells: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of chemistry in life processes.

MC.1.B.1 Describe the structure and function of the major organic molecules found in living systems: carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, lipids, nucleic acids

MC.1.B.2 Describe the relationship between an enzyme and its substrate molecule(s)

MC.1.B.3 Investigate the properties and importance of water and its significance for life: surface tension, adhesion, cohesion, polarity, pH

MC.1.B.4 Explain the role of energy in chemical reactions of living systems: activation energy, exergonic reactions, endergonic reactions

AR.2.B. Biology: Molecules and Cells: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of cells.

MC.2.B.1 Construct a hierarchy of life from cells to ecosystems

MC.2.B.2 Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes

MC.2.B.3 Describe the role of sub-cellular structures in the life of a cell: organelles, ribosomes, cytoskeleton

MC.2.B.4 Relate the function of the plasma (cell) membrane to its structure

MC.2.B.5 Compare and contrast the structures of an animal cell to a plant cell

MC.2.B.6 Compare and contrast the functions of autotrophs and heterotrophs

MC.2.B.7 Compare and contrast active transport and passive transport mechanisms: diffusion, osmosis, endocytosis, exocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis

MC.2.B.8 Describe the main events in the cell cycle, including the differences in plant and animal cell division: interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

MC.2.B.9 List in order and describe the stages of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

MC.2.B.10 Analyze the meiotic maintenance of a constant chromosome number from one generation to the next

MC.2.B.11 Discuss homeostasis using thermoregulation as an example

AR.3.B. Biology: Molecules and Cells: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of how cells obtain and use energy (energetics).

MC.3.B.1 Compare and contrast the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts

MC.3.B.2 Describe and model the conversion of stored energy in organic molecules into usable cellular energy (ATP): glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

MC.3.B.3 Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration: lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation

MC.3.B.4 Describe and model the conversion of light energy to chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms: light dependent reactions, light independent reactions

MC.3.B.5 Compare and contrast cellular respiration and photosynthesis as energy conversion pathways

AR.4.B. Biology: Heredity and Evolution: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of heredity.

HE.4.B.1 Summarize the outcomes of Gregor Mendel's experimental procedures

HE.4.B.2 Differentiate among the laws and principles of inheritance: dominance, segregation, independent assortment

HE.4.B.3 Use the laws of probability and Punnett squares to predict genotypic and phenotypic ratios

HE.4.B.4 Examine different modes of inheritance: sex linkage, codominance, crossing over, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles

HE.4.B.5 Analyze the historically significant work of prominent geneticists

HE.4.B.6 Evaluate karyotypes for abnormalities: monosomy, trisomy

AR.5.B. Biology: Heredity and Evolution: Students shall investigate the molecular basis of genetics.

HE.5.B.1 Model the components of a DNA nucleotide and an RNA nucleotide

HE.5.B.2 Describe the Watson-Crick double helix model of DNA, using the base-pairing rule (adenine-thymine, cytosine-guanine)

HE.5.B.3 Compare and contrast the structure and function of DNA and RNA

HE.5.B.4 Describe and model the processes of replication, transcription, and translation

HE.5.B.5 Compare and contrast the different types of mutation events, including point mutation, frameshift mutation, deletion, and inversion

HE.5.B.6 Identify effects of changes brought about by mutations: beneficial, harmful, neutral

AR.6.B. Biology: Heredity and Evolution: Students shall examine the development of the theory of biological evolution.

HE.6.B.1 Compare and contrast Lamarck's explanation of evolution with Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection

HE.6.B.2 Recognize that evolution involves a change in allele frequencies in a population across successive generations

HE.6.B.3 Analyze the effects of mutations and the resulting variations within a population in terms of natural selection

HE.6.B.4 Illustrate mass extinction events using a time line

HE.6.B.5 Evaluate evolution in terms of evidence as found in the following: fossil record, DNA analysis, artificial selection, morphology, embryology, viral evolution, geographic distribution of related species, antibiotic and pesticide resistance in various organisms

HE.6.B.6 Compare the processes of relative dating and radioactive dating to determine the age of fossils

HE.6.B.7 Interpret a Cladogram

AR.7.B. Biology: Classification and the Diversity of Life: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that organisms are diverse.

CDL.7.B.1 Differentiate among the different domains: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

CDL.7.B.2 Differentiate the characteristics of the six kingdoms: Eubacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

CDL.7.B.3 Identify the seven major taxonomic categories: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

CDL.7.B.4 Classify and name organisms based on their similarities and differences applying taxonomic nomenclature using dichotomous keys

CDL.7.B.5 Investigate Arkansas' biodiversity using appropriate tools and technology

CDL.7.B.6 Compare and contrast the structures and characteristics of viruses (lytic and lysogenic cycles) with non-living and living things

CDL.7.B.7 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of viruses

CDL.7.B.8 Compare and contrast life cycles of familiar organisms: sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, alternation of generations

CDL.7.B.9 Classify bacteria according to their characteristics and adaptations

CDL.7.B.10 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of bacteria

CDL.7.B.11 Describe the characteristics used to classify protists: plant-like, animal-like, fungal-like

CDL.7.B.12 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of protists

CDL.7.B.13 Compare and contrast fungi with other eukaryotic organisms

CDL.7.B.14 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of fungi

CDL.7.B.15 Differentiate between vascular and nonvascular plants

CDL.7.B.16 Differentiate among cycads, gymnosperms, and angiosperms

CDL.7.B.17 Describe the structure and function of the major parts of a plant: roots, stems, leaves, flowers

CDL.7.B.18 Relate the structure of plant tissue to its function: epidermal, ground, vascular

CDL.7.B.19 Evaluate the medical and economic importance of plants

CDL.7.B.20 Identify the symmetry of organisms: radial, bilateral, asymmetrical

CDL.7.B.21 Compare and contrast the major invertebrate classes according to their nervous, respiratory, excretory, circulatory, and digestive systems

CDL.7.B.22 Compare and contrast the major vertebrate classes according to their nervous, respiratory, excretory, circulatory, digestive, reproductive and integumentary systems

AR.8.B. Biology: Ecology and Behavioral Relationships: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of ecological and behavioral relationships among organisms.

EBR.8.B.1 Cite examples of abiotic and biotic factors of ecosystems

EBR.8.B.2 Compare and contrast the characteristics of biomes

EBR.8.B.3 Diagram the carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, and water cycles in an ecosystem

EBR.8.B.4 Analyze an ecosystem's energy flow through food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids

EBR.8.B.5 Identify and predict the factors that control population, including predation, competition, crowding, water, nutrients, and shelter

EBR.8.B.6 Summarize the symbiotic ways in which individuals within a community interact with each other: commensalism, parasitism, mutualism

EBR.8.B.7 Compare and contrast primary succession with secondary succession

EBR.8.B.8 Identify the properties of each of the five levels of ecology: organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

AR.9.B. Biology: Ecology and Behavioral Relationships: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the ecological impact of global issues.

EBR.9.B.1 Analyze the effects of human population growth and technology on the environment/biosphere

EBR.9.B.2 Evaluate long range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal in terms of their environmental, economic, and political impact

EBR.9.B.3 Assess current world issues applying scientific themes (e.g., global changes in climate, epidemics, pandemics, ozone depletion, UV radiation, natural resources, use of technology, and public policy)

AR.10.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.10.B.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.10.B.2 Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws

NS.10.B.3 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term 'theory' used in general conversation

NS.10.B.4 Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data; scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.11.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall design and safely conduct scientific inquiry.

NS.11.B.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.11.B.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.11.B.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.11.B.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics

NS.11.B.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

NS.11.B.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables

AR.12.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of current life science theories.

NS.12.B.1 Recognize that theories are scientific explanations that require empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.12.B.2 Understand that scientific theories may be modified or expanded based on additional empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.12.B.3 Summarize biological evolution

NS.12.B.4 Relate the development of the cell theory to current trends in cellular biology

NS.12.B.5 Describe the relationship between the germ theory of disease and our current knowledge of immunology and control of infectious diseases

NS.12.B.6 Relate the chromosome theory of heredity to recent findings in genetic research (e.g., Human Genome Project-HGP, chromosome therapy)

NS.12.B.7 Research current events and topics in biology

AR.13.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve life science problems.

NS.13.B.1 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables

NS.13.B.2 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., microscopes, centrifuges, flexible arm cameras, computer software and hardware)

NS.13.B.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.14.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.14.B.1 Compare and contrast biological concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.14.B.2 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.14.B.3 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact

NS.14.B.4 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.15.B. Biology: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various life science careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.15.B.1 Research and evaluate science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.C. Chemistry: Atomic Theory: Students shall understand the historical development of the model of the atom.

AT.1.C.1. Summarize the discoveries of the subatomic particles: Rutherford's gold foil, Chadwick's discovery of the neutron, Thomson's cathode ray, Millikan's Oil Drop

AT.1.C.2 Explain the historical events that led to the development of the current atomic theory

AR.2.C. Chemistry: Atomic Theory: Students shall understand the structure of the atom.

AT.2.C.1 Analyze an atom's particle position, arrangement, and charge using: proton, neutron, electron

AT.2.C.2 Compare the magnitude and range of nuclear forces to magnetic forces and gravitational forces

AT.2.C.3 Draw and explain nuclear symbols and hyphen notations for isotopes

AT.2.C.4 Derive an average atomic mass

AT.2.C.5 Determine the arrangement of subatomic particles in the ion(s) of an atom

AR.3.C. Chemistry: Atomic Theory: Students shall understand how the arrangement of electrons in atoms relates to the quantum model.

AT.3.C.1 Correlate emissions of visible light with the arrangement of electrons in atoms: quantum, frequency, wavelength

AT.3.C.2 Apply the following rules or principles to model electron arrangement in atoms: Aufbau Principle (diagonal filling order), Hund's Rule, Pauli's Exclusion Principle

AT.3.C.3 Predict the placement of elements on the Periodic Table and their properties using electron configuration

AT.3.C.4 Demonstrate electron placement in atoms using the following notations: orbital notations, electron configuration notation, Lewis electron dot structures

AR.4.C. Chemistry: Periodicity: Students shall understand the significance of the Periodic Table and its historical development.

P.4.C.1 Compare and contrast the historical events leading to the evolution of the Periodic Table

P.4.C.2 Describe the arrangement of the Periodic Table based on electron filling orders: Groups, Periods

P.4.C.3 Interpret periodic trends: atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, electron affinities, electronegativities

AR.5.C. Chemistry: Periodicity: Students shall name and write formulas for binary and ternary compounds.

P.5.C.1 Write formulas for binary and ternary compounds: IUPAC system, Greek prefixes, polyatomic ions

P.5.C.2 Name binary and ternary compounds

P.5.C.3 Predict the name and symbol for newly discovered elements using the IUPAC system

AR.6.C. Chemistry: Periodicity: Students shall explain the changes of matter using physical properties and chemical properties.

P.6.C.1 Compare and contrast matter based on uniformity of particles: pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures

P.6.C.2 Distinguish between extensive and intensive physical properties of matter

P.6.C.3 Separate homogeneous mixtures using physical processes: chromatography

P.6.C.4 Design experiments tracing the energy involved in physical changes and chemical changes

P.6.C.5 Predict the chemical properties of substances based on their electron configuration: active, inactive, inert

AR.7.C. Chemistry: Periodicity: Students shall use atomic mass or experimental data to calculate relationships between elements and compounds.

P.7.C.1 Demonstrate an understanding of the Law of Multiple Proportions

AR.8.C. Chemistry: Bonding: Students shall understand the process of ionic bonding.

B.8.C.1 Determine ion formation tendencies for groups on the Periodic Table: main group elements, transition elements

B.8.C.2 Derive formula units based on the charges of ions

B.8.C.3 Use the electronegativitiy chart to predict the bonding type of compounds: ionic, polar covalent, non-polar covalent

AR.9.C. Chemistry: Bonding: Students shall understand the process of covalent bonding.

B.9.C.1 Draw Lewis structures to show valence electrons for covalent bonding: lone pairs, shared pairs, hybridization, resonance

B.9.C.2 Determine the properties of covalent compounds based upon double and triple bonding

B.9.C.3 Predict the polarity and geometry of a molecule based upon shared electron pairs and lone electron pairs: VSEPR Model

B.9.C.4 Identify the strengths and effects of intermolecular forces (van der Waals): hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, dispersion forces (London)

AR.10.C. Chemistry: Bonding: Students shall understand the process of metallic bonding.

B.10.C.1 Explain the properties of metals due to delocalized electrons: molecular orbital model

AR.11.C. Chemistry: Bonding: Students shall relate the physical properties of solids to different types of bonding.

B.11.C.1 Distinguish between amorphous and crystalline solids

B.11.C.2 Compare and contrast the properties of crystalline solids: ionic, covalent network, covalent molecular, metallic

AR.12.C. Chemistry: Stoichiometry: Students shall understand the relationships between balanced chemical equations and mole relationships.

S.12.C.1 Balance chemical equations when all reactants and products are given

S.12.C.2 Use balanced reaction equations to obtain information about the amounts of reactants and products

S.12.C.3 Distinguish between limiting reactants and excess reactants in balanced reaction equations

S.12.C.4 Calculate stoichiometric quantities and use these to determine theoretical yields

AR.13.C. Chemistry: Stoichiometry: Students shall understand the mole concept and Avogadro's number.

S.13.C.1 Apply the mole concept to calculate the number of particles and the amount of substance: Avogadro's constant = 6.02 x E23

S.13.C.2 Determine the empirical and molecular formulas using the molar concept: molar mass, average atomic mass, molecular mass, formula mass

AR.14.C. Chemistry: Stoichiometry: Students shall predict products based upon the type of chemical reaction.

S.14.C.1 Given the products and reactants predict products for the following types of reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, combustion

AR.15.C. Chemistry: Stoichiometry: Students shall understand the composition of solutions, their formation, and their strengths expressed in various units.

S.15.C.1 Distinguish between the terms solute, solvent, solution and concentration

S.15.C.2 Give examples for the nine solvent-solute pairs

S.15.C.3 Calculate the following concentration expressions involving the amount of solute and volume of solution: molarity (M), molality (m), percent composition, normality (N)

S.15.C.4 Given the quantity of a solution, determine the quantity of another species in the reaction

S.15.C.5 Define heat of solution

S.15.C.6 Identify the physical state for each substance in a reaction equation

AR.16.C. Chemistry: Gas Laws: Student shall understand the behavior of gas particles as it relates to the kinetic theory.

GL.16.C.1 Demonstrate the relationship of the kinetic theory as it applies to gas particles: molecular motion, elastic collisions, temperature, pressure, ideal gas

GL.16.C.2 Calculate the effects of pressure, temperature, and volume on the number of moles of gas particles in chemical reactions

AR.17.C. Chemistry: Gas Laws: Students shall understand the relationships between temperature, pressure, volume, and moles of a gas.

GL.17.C.1 Calculate the effects of pressure, temperature, and volume to gases: Avogadro's Law, Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, Combined Law, Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure, Graham's Law of Effusion, Guy-Lussac, Ideal Gas Law

AR.18.C. Chemistry: Gas Laws: Student shall apply the stoichiometric mass and volume relationships of gases in chemical reactions.

GL.18.C.1 Calculate volume/mass relationships in balanced chemical reaction equations

AR.19.C. Chemistry: Acids and Bases: Students shall understand the historical development of the acid/base theories.

AB.19.C.1 Compare and contrast the following acid/base theories: Arrhenius Theory, Bronsted-Lowry Theory, Lewis Theory

AR.20.C. Chemistry: Acids and Bases: Students shall demonstrate proficiency in acid, base, and salt nomenclature.

AB.20.C.1 Name and write formulas for acids, bases and salts: binary acids, ternary acids, ionic compounds

AR.21.C. Chemistry: Acids and Bases: Students shall apply rules of nomenclature to acids, bases, and salts.

AB.21.C.1 Compare and contrast acid and base properties

AB.21.C.2 Describe the role that dissociation plays in the determination of strong and weak acids or bases

AB.21.C.3 Use acid-base equilibrium constants to develop and explain: ionization constants, percent of ionization, common ion effect

AB.21.C.4 Explain the role of the pH scale as applied to acids and bases

AR.22.C. Chemistry: Acids and Bases: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of titration as a laboratory tool.

AB.22.C.1 Perform a titration to solve for the concentration of an acid or base

AB.22.C.2 Use indicators in neutralization reactions

AB.22.C.3 Investigate the role of buffers

AR.23.C. Chemistry: Kinetics and Energetics: Students shall understand enthalpy, entropy, and free energy and their relationship to chemical reactions.

KE.23.C.1 Define enthalpy and entropy and explain the relationship to exothermic and endothermic reactions

KE.23.C.2 Define free energy in terms of enthalpy and entropy: spontaneous reaction, increase in disorder, decrease in disorder

KE.23.C.3 Calculate entropy, enthalpy, and free energy changes in chemical reactions

KE.23.C.4 Define specific heat capacity and its relationship to calorimetric measurements

KE.23.C.5 Determine the heat of formation and the heat of reaction using enthalpy values and the Law of Conservation of Energy

KE.23.C.6 Explain the role of activation energy and collision theory in chemical reactions

AR.24.C. Chemistry: Equilibrium: Students shall understand the factors that affect reaction rate and their relationship to quantitative chemical equilibrium.

E.24.C.1 List and explain the factors which affect the rate of a reaction and the relationship of these factors to chemical equilibrium: reversible reactions, reaction rate, nature of reactants, concentration, temperature, catalysis

E.24.C.2 Solve problems developing an equilibrium constant or the concentration of a reactant or product

E.24.C.3 Explain the relationship of LeChatelier's Principle to equilibrium systems: temperature, pressure, concentration

E.24.C.4 Describe the application of equilibrium and kinetic concepts to the Haber Process: high concentration of hydrogen and nitrogen, removal of ammonia, precise temperature control, use of a contact catalyst, high pressure

AR.25.C. Chemistry: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: Students shall understand oxidation-reduction reactions to develop skills in balancing redox equations.

ORR.25.C.1 Identify substances that are oxidized and substances that are reduced in a chemical reaction

ORR.25.C.2 Complete and balance redox reactions: assign oxidation numbers, identify the oxidizing agent and reducing agent, write net ionic equations

AR.26.C. Chemistry: Oxidation-Reduction Reaction: Students shall explain the role of oxidation-reduction reactions in the production of electricity in a voltaic cell.

ORR.26.C.1 Write equations for the reactions occurring at the cathode and anode in electrolytic conduction

ORR.26.C.2 Build a voltaic cell and measure cell potential: half-cells, salt bridge

ORR.26.C.3 Explain the process of obtaining electricity from a chemical voltaic cell: line notation: anode (oxidation); cathode (reduction)

ORR.26.C.4 Calculate electric potential of a cell using redox potentials and predict product

ORR.26.C.5 Use redox potentials to predict electrolysis products and the electric potential of a cell

AR.27.C. Chemistry: Organic Chemistry: Students shall differentiate between aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

OC.27.C.1 Examine the bonding and structural differences of organic compounds: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, cyclic hydrocarbons

OC.27.C.2 Differentiate between the role and importance of aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbons

OC.27.C.3 Compare and contrast isomers

AR.28.C. Chemistry: Organic Chemistry: Students shall describe the functional groups in organic chemistry.

OC.28.C.1 Describe the functional groups in organic chemistry: halohydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amines, amides, amino acids, nitro compounds

OC.28.C.2 Name and write formulas for aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbons

AR.29.C. Chemistry: Organic Chemistry: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of organic compounds in living and non-living systems.

OC.29.C.1 Differentiate among the biochemical functions of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids

OC.29.C.2 Describe the manufacture of polymers derived from organic compounds: polymerization, crosslinking

AR.30.C. Chemistry: Nuclear Chemistry: Students shall understand the process transformations of nuclear radiation.

NC.30.C.1 Describe the following radiation emissions: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, positron particles

NC.30.C.2 Write and balance nuclear reactions

NC.30.C.3 Compare and contrast fission and fusion

NC.30.C.4 Apply the concept of half life to nuclear decay

AR.31.C. Chemistry: Nuclear Chemistry: Students shall understand the current and historical ramifications of nuclear energy.

NC.31.C.1 Construct models of instruments used to study, control, and utilize radioactive materials and nuclear processes

NC.31.C.2 Research the role of nuclear reactions in society: transmutation, nuclear power plants, Manhattan Project

AR.32.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.32.C.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.32.C.2 Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws

NS.32.C.3 Compare and contrast the criteria for the formation of scientific theory and scientific law

NS.32.C.4 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term 'theory' used in general conversation

NS.32.C.5 Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data; scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.33.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall design and safely conduct scientific inquiry.

NS.33.C.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.33.C.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to Arkansas Safety Lab Guide) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.33.C.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.33.C.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics

NS.33.C.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

NS.33.C.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables

AR.34.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the current theories in chemistry.

NS.34.C.1 Recognize that theories are scientific explanations that require empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.34.C.2 Understand that scientific theories may be modified or expanded based on additional empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.34.C.3 Research current events and topics in chemistry

AR.35.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve problems in chemistry.

NS.35.C.1 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables

NS.35.C.2 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems

NS.35.C.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.36.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.36.C.1 Compare and contrast chemistry concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.36.C.2 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.36.C.3 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact

NS.36.C.4 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.37.C. Chemistry: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various careers in chemistry and the training required for the selected career

NS.37.C.1 Research and evaluate science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.ES. Environmental Science: Physical Dynamics: Students shall understand the physical dynamics of Earth

PD.1.ES.1 Describe the structure, origin, and evolution of the Earth's components: atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere

PD.1.ES.2 Relate eras, epochs, and periods of Earth's history to geological development

PD.1.ES.3 Determine the relative and absolute ages of rock layers

PD.1.ES.4 Categorize the type and composition of various minerals

PD.1.ES.5 Explain the processes of the rock cycle

PD.1.ES.6 Describe the processes of degradation by weathering and erosion

PD.1.ES.7 Describe tectonic forces relating to internal energy production and convection currents

PD.1.ES.8 Describe the relationships of degradation (a general lowering of the earth's surface by erosion or weathering) and tectonic forces: volcanoes, earthquakes

PD.1.ES.9 Construct and interpret information on topographic maps

PD.1.ES.10 Describe the characteristics of each of the natural divisions of Arkansas: Ozark Plateau, Arkansas River Valley, Ouachita Mountains, Coastal Plain, Mississippi Alluvial Plain (Delta), Crowley's Ridge

PD.1.ES.11 Describe the physical and chemical properties of water

PD.1.ES.12 Compare and contrast characteristics of the oceans: composition, physical features of the ocean floor, life within the ocean, lateral and vertical motion

PD.1.ES.13 Investigate the evolution of the ocean floor

PD.1.ES.14 Investigate the stratification of the ocean: colligative properties (depends on the ratio of the number of particles of solute and solvent in the solution, not the identity of the solute); biological zonation (distribution of organisms in biogeographic zones)

PD.1.ES.15 Predict the effects of ocean currents on climate

PD.1.ES.16 Explain heat transfer in the atmosphere and its relationship to meteorological processes: pressure, winds, evaporation, precipitation

PD.1.ES.17 Compare and contrast meteorological processes related to air masses, weather systems, and forecasting

PD.1.ES.18 Construct and interpret weather maps

PD.1.ES.19 Describe the cycling of materials and energy: nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, phosphorous, hydrological, sulfur

AR.2.ES. Environmental Science: Biological Dynamics: Students shall understand the biological dynamics of Earth

BD.2.ES.1 Compare and contrast biomes

BD.2.ES.2 Describe relationships within a community: predation, competition, parasitism, mutualism, commensalism

BD.2.ES.3 Differentiate between primary and secondary succession

BD.2.ES.4 Construct a trophic-level pyramid (energy level)

BD.2.ES.5 Construct a food chain

BD.2.ES.6 Diagram a food web

BD.2.ES.7 Compare and contrast food webs and food chains

BD.2.ES.8 Describe biodiversity

BD.2.ES.9 Explain how limiting factors affect populations and ecosystems

BD.2.ES.10 Describe the natural selection process in populations

AR.3.ES. Environmental Science: Social Perspectives: Students shall understand the impact of human activities on the environment.

SP.3.ES.1 Explain the reciprocal relationships between Earth's processes (natural disasters) and human activities

SP.3.ES.2 Investigate the relationships between human consumption of natural resources and the stewardship responsibility for reclamations including disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste

SP.3.ES.3 Explain common problems related to water quality: conservation, usage, supply, treatment, pollutants (point and non-point sources)

SP.3.ES.4 Explain problems related to air quality: automobiles, industry, natural emissions

SP.3.ES.5 Evaluate the impact of different points of view on health, population, resource, and environmental issues: governmental, economic, societal

SP.3.ES.6 Research how political systems influence environmental decisions

SP.3.ES.7 Investigate which federal and state agencies have responsibility for environmental monitoring and action

SP.3.ES.8 Compare and contrast man-made environments and natural environments

SP.3.ES.9 Evaluate personal and societal benefits when examining health, population, resource, and environmental issues

SP.3.ES.10 Predict the long-term societal impact of specific health, population, resource, and environmental issues

SP.3.ES.11 Investigate the effect of public policy decisions on health, population, resource, and environmental issues

SP.3.ES.12 Explain the impact of factors such as birth rate, death rate, and migration rate on population changes

SP.3.ES.13 Distinguish between developed and developing countries

AR.4.ES. Environmental Science: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve environmental science problems.

NS.4.ES.1 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures and tables

NS.4.ES.2 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., microscopes, centrifuges, flexible arm cameras, computer software and hardware)

NS.4.ES.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.5.ES. Environmental Science: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.5.ES.1 Compare and contrast environmental concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.5.ES.2 Explain why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.5.ES.3 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economical and political impact

NS.5.ES.4 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.6.ES. Environmental Science: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various environmental science careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.6.ES.1 Research and evaluate science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.PS. Physical Science: Chemistry: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of matter's composition and structure.

C.1.PS.1 Compare and contrast chemical and physical properties of matter, including but not limited to flammability, reactivity, density, buoyancy, viscosity, melting point and boiling point

C.1.PS.2 Compare and contrast chemical and physical changes, including but not limited to rusting, burning, evaporation, boiling and dehydration

C.1.PS.3 Discuss and model the relative size and placement of sub-atomic particles

C.1.PS.4 Illustrate the placement of electrons in the first twenty elements using energy levels and orbitals

C.1.PS.5 Distinguish among atoms, ions, and isotopes

C.1.PS.6 Model the valence electrons using electron dot structures (Lewis electron dot structures)

C.1.PS.7 Explain the role of valence electrons in determining chemical properties

C.1.PS.8 Explain the role of valence electrons in forming chemical bonds

C.1.PS.9 Model bonding: ionic, covalent, metallic

C.1.PS.10 Identify commonly used polyatomic ions

C.1.PS.11 Write formulas for ionic and covalent compounds

C.1.PS.12 Name ionic and covalent compounds

C.1.PS.13 Identify the mole and amu (atomic mass unit) as units of measurement in chemistry

C.1.PS.14 Calculate the molar mass of compounds based on average atomic mass.

AR.2.PS. Physical Science: Chemistry: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of energy in chemistry.

C.2.PS.1 Identify the kinetic theory throughout the phases of matter

C.2.PS.2 Create and label heat versus temperature graphs (heating curves): solid, liquid, gas, triple point, heat of fusion, heat of vaporization

C.2.PS.3 Relate thermal expansion to the kinetic theory

C.2.PS.4 Compare and contrast Boyle's law and Charles' law

C.2.PS.5 Compare and contrast endothermic and exothermic reactions as energy is transferred

C.2.PS.6 Distinguish between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion

C.2.PS.7 Compare and contrast the emissions produced by radioactive decay: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays

AR.3.PS. Physical Science: Chemistry: Students shall compare and contrast chemical reactions.

C.3.PS.1 Identify and write balanced chemical equations: decomposition reaction, synthesis reaction, single displacement reaction, double displacement reaction, combustion reaction

C.3.PS.2 Predict the product(s) of a chemical reaction when given the reactants using chemical symbols and words

C.3.PS.3 Balance chemical equations using the Law of Conservation of Mass

C.3.PS.4 Determine mole ratio from a balanced reaction equation

C.3.PS.5 Compare and contrast the properties of reactants and products of a chemical reaction

C.3.PS.6 Model the role of activation energy in chemical reactions

C.3.PS.7 Examine factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions, including but not limited to temperature, light, concentration, catalysts, surface area, pressure

C.3.PS.8 Identify the observable evidence of a chemical reaction: formation of a precipitate, production of a gas, color change, changes in heat and light

C.3.PS.9 Relate fire safety measures to conditions necessary for combustion

AR.4.PS. Physical Science: Chemistry: Students shall classify organic compounds.

C.4.PS.1 Summarize carbon bonding: allotropes (diamond, graphite, fullerenes); carbon-carbon (single, double, triple); isomers (branched, straight-chain, ring)

C.4.PS.2 Identify organic compounds by their: formula, structure, properties, functional groups

C.4.PS.3 Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons

C.4.PS.4 Describe organic compounds and their functions in the human body: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

AR.5.PS. Physical Science: Physics: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of energy in physics.

P.5.PS.1 Distinguish among thermal energy, heat, and temperature

P.5.PS.2 Calculate changes in thermal energy using: q = mcT (Where q=heat energy; m=mass; c=specific heat; T=change in temperature)

AR.6.PS. Physical Science: Physics: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of forces in physics.

P.6.PS.1 Analyze how force affects motion: one-dimensional (linear), two-dimensional (projectile and rotational)

P.6.PS.2 Explain how motion is relative to a reference point

P.6.PS.3 Compare and contrast among speed, velocity and acceleration

P.6.PS.4 Solve problems using the formulas for speed and acceleration

P.6.PS.5 Interpret graphs related to motion: distance versus time (d-t); velocity versus time (v-t); acceleration versus time (a-t)

P.6.PS.6 Compare and contrast Newton's three laws of motion

P.6.PS.7 Design and conduct investigations demonstrating Newton's first law of motion

P.6.PS.8 Conduct investigations demonstrating Newton's second law of motion

P.6.PS.9 Design and conduct investigations demonstrating Newton's third law of motion

P.6.PS.10 Calculate force, mass, and acceleration using Newton's second law of motion: F = ma (Where F=force, m=mass, a=acceleration)

P.6.PS.11 Relate the Law of Conservation of Momentum to how it affects the movement of objects

P.6.PS.12 Compare and contrast the effects of forces on fluids: Archimedes' principle, Pascal's principle, Bernoulli's principle

P.6.PS.13 Design an experiment to show conversion of energy: mechanical (potential and kinetic), chemical, thermal, sound, light, nuclear

P.6.PS.14 Solve problems by using formulas for gravitational potential and kinetic energy

AR.7.PS. Physical Science: Physics: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of wave and particle motion.

P.7.PS.1 Compare and contrast a wave's speed through various mediums

P.7.PS.2 Explain diffraction of waves

P.7.PS.3 Explain Doppler effect using examples

P.7.PS.4 Calculate problems relating to wave properties: wavelength, frequency, period, velocity

P.7.PS.5 Describe how the physical properties of sound waves affect its perception

P.7.PS.6 Define light in terms of waves and particles

P.7.PS.7 Explain the formation of color by light and by pigments

P.7.PS.8 Investigate the separation of white light into colors by diffraction

P.7.PS.9 Illustrate constructive and destructive interference of light waves

P.7.PS.10 Differentiate among the reflected images produced by concave, convex, and plane mirrors

P.7.PS.11 Differentiate between the refracted images produced by concave and convex lenses

P.7.PS.12 Research current uses of optics and sound

AR.8.PS. Physical Science: Physics: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of the role of electricity and magnetism in the physical world.

P.8.PS.1 Calculate voltage, current, and resistance from a schematic diagram

P.8.PS.2 Calculate electrical power using current and voltage: P = IV (Where P=power, I=current, V=voltage)

P.8.PS.3 Calculate electrical energy using electrical power and time: E=Pt (Where E=energy, P=power, t=time)

P.8.PS.4 Explain the use of electromagnets in step-up and step-down transformers

P.8.PS.5 Research current uses of electromagnets

AR.9.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.9.PS.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.9.PS.2 Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws

NS.9.PS.3 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term 'theory' used in general conversation

NS.9.PS.4 Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data; scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.10.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall design and safely conduct a scientific inquiry to solve valid problems.

NS.10.PS.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.10.PS.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.10.PS.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.10.PS.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics

NS.10.PS.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

NS.10.PS.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables

AR.11.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of historical trends in physical science.

NS.11.PS.1 Recognize the factors that constitute a scientific theory

NS.11.PS.2 Explain why scientific theories may be modified or expanded using additional empirical data, verification, and peer review

NS.11.PS.3 Summarize the development of the current atomic theory

NS.11.PS.4 Analyze the development of the periodic table

NS.11.PS.5 Research historical events in physical science

NS.11.PS.6 Research current events and topics in physical science

AR.12.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve physical science problems.

NS.12.PS.1 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., balances, scales, calculators, probes, glassware, burners, computer software and hardware)

NS.12.PS.2 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables

NS.12.PS.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.13.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.13.PS.1 Compare and contrast physical science concepts in pure science and applied science

NS.13.PS.2 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.13.PS.3 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact

NS.13.PS.4 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

NS.13.PS.5 Describe in detail the methods used by scientists in their research

AR.14.PS. Physical Science: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various physical science careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.14.PS.1 Research and evaluate physical science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions

AR.1.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand one-dimensional motion.

MF.1.P.1 Compare and contrast scalar and vector quantities

MF.1.P.2 Solve problems involving constant and average velocity

MF.1.P.3 Apply kinematic equations to calculate distance, time, or velocity under conditions of constant acceleration

MF.1.P.4 Compare graphic representations of motion: d-t, v-t, a-t

MF.1.P.5 Calculate the components of a free falling object at various points in motion

MF.1.P.6 Compare and contrast contact force (e.g., friction) and field forces (e.g., gravitational force)

MF.1.P.7 Draw free body diagrams of all forces acting upon an object

MF.1.P.8 Calculate the applied forces represented in a free body diagram

MF.1.P.9 Apply Newton's first law of motion to show balanced and unbalanced forces

MF.1.P.10 Apply Newton's second law of motion to solve motion problems that involve constant forces: F=ma

MF.1.P.11 Apply Newton's third law of motion to explain action-reaction pairs

MF.1.P.12 Calculate frictional forces (i.e., kinetic and static)

MF.1.P.13 Calculate the magnitude of the force of friction

AR.2.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand two-dimensional motion.

MF.2.P.1 Calculate the resultant vector of a moving object

MF.2.P.2 Resolve two-dimensional vectors into their components

MF.2.P.3 Calculate the magnitude and direction of a vector from its components

MF.2.P.4 Solve two-dimensional problems using balanced forces

MF.2.P.5 Solve two-dimensional problems using the Pythagorean Theorem or the quadratic formula

MF.2.P.6 Describe the path of a projectile as a parabola

MF.2.P.7 Apply kinematic equations to solve problems involving projectile motion of an object launched at an angle

MF.2.P.8 Apply kinematic equations to solve problems involving projectile motion of an object launched with initial horizontal velocity

MF.2.P.9 Calculate rotational motion with a constant force directed toward the center

MF.2.P.10 Solve problems in circular motion by using centripetal acceleration

AR.3.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand the dynamics of rotational equilibrium.

MF.3.P.1 Relate radians to degrees

MF.3.P.2 Calculate the magnitude of torque on an object

MF.3.P.3 Calculate angular speed and angular acceleration

MF.3.P.4 Solve problems using kinematic equations for angular motion

MF.3.P.5 Solve problems involving tangential speed

MF.3.P.6 Solve problems involving tangential acceleration

MF.3.P.7 Calculate centripetal acceleration

MF.3.P.8 Apply Newton's universal law of gravitation to find the gravitational force between two masses

AR.4.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand the relationship between work and energy.

MF.4.P.1 Calculate net work done by a constant net force

MF.4.P.2 Solve problems relating kinetic energy and potential energy to the work-energy theorem

MF.4.P.3 Solve problems through the application of conservation of mechanical energy

MF.4.P.4 Relate the concepts of time and energy to power

MF.4.P.5 Prove the relationship of time, energy and power through problem solving

AR.5.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand the law of conservation of momentum.

MF.5.P.1 Describe changes in momentum in terms of force and time

MF.5.P.2 Solve problems using the impulse-momentum theorem

MF.5.P.3 Compare total momentum of two objects before and after they interact

MF.5.P.4 Solve problems for perfectly inelastic and elastic collisions

AR.6.P. Physics: Motion and Forces: Students shall understand the concepts of fluid mechanics.

MF.6.P.1 Calibrate the applied buoyant force to determine if the object will sink or float

MF.6.P.2 Apply Pascal's principle to an enclosed fluid system

MF.6.P.3 Apply Bernoulli's equation to solve fluid-flow problems

MF.6.P.4 Use the ideal gas law to predict the properties of an ideal gas under different conditions: Physics (PV=NkbT - N=number of gas particles; kb=Boltzmann's constant; T=temperature); Chemistry (PV=nRT - n=number of moles; R=Molar gas constant; T=temperature)

AR.7.P. Physics: Heat and Thermodynamics: Students shall understand the effects of thermal energy on particles and systems.

HT.7.P.1 Perform specific heat capacity calculations

HT.7.P.2 Perform calculations involving latent heat

HT.7.P.3 Interpret the various sections of a heating curve diagram

HT.7.P.4 Calculate heat energy of the different phase changes of a substance

AR.8.P. Physics: Heat and Thermodynamics: Students shall apply the two laws of thermodynamics.

HT.8.P.1 Describe how the first law of thermodynamics is a statement of energy conversion

HT.8.P.2 Calculate heat, work, and the change in internal energy by applying the first law of thermodynamics

HT.8.P.3 Calculate the efficiency of a heat engine by using the second law of thermodynamics

HT.8.P.4 Distinguish between entropy changes within systems and the entropy change for the universe as a whole

AR.9.P. Physics: Waves and Optics: Students shall distinguish between simple harmonic motion and waves.

WO.9.P.1 Explain how force, velocity, and acceleration change as an object vibrates with simple harmonic motion

WO.9.P.2 Calculate the spring force using Hooke's law: F elastic=-kx (Where -k=spring constant)

WO.9.P.3 Calculate the period and frequency of an object vibrating with a simple harmonic motion

WO.9.P.4 Differentiate between pulse and periodic waves

WO.9.P.5 Relate energy and amplitude

AR.10.P. Physics: Waves and Optics: Students shall compare and contrast the law of reflection and the law of refraction.

WO.10.P.1 Calculate the frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation

WO.10.P.2 Apply the law of reflection for flat mirrors

WO.10.P.3 Describe the images formed by flat mirrors

WO.10.P.4 Calculate distances and focal lengths for curved mirrors

WO.10.P.5 Draw ray diagrams to find the image distance and magnification for curved mirrors

WO.10.P.6 Solve problems using Snell's law

WO.10.P.7 Calculate the index of refraction through various media using the following equation: n=c/v (Where n=index of refraction; c=speed of light in vacuum; v=speed of light in medium)

WO.10.P.8 Use a ray diagram to find the position of an image produced by a lens

WO.10.P.9 Solve problems using the thin-lens equation: 1/p + 1/q + 1/f (Where q=image distance; p=object distance; f=focal length)

WO.10.P.10 Calculate the magnification of lenses: M=h'/h=q/p (Where M=magnification; h'=image height; h=object height; q=image distance; p=object distance)

AR.11.P. Physics: Electricity and Magnetism: Students shall understand the relationship between electric forces and electric fields.

EM.11.P.1 Calculate electric force using Coulomb's law

EM.11.P.2 Calculate electric field strength

EM.11.P.3 Draw and interpret electric field lines

AR.12.P. Physics: Electricity and Magnetism: Students shall understand the relationship between electric energy and capacitance.

EM.12.P.1 Calculate electrical potential energy

EM.12.P.2 Compute the electric potential for various charge distributions

EM.12.P.3 Calculate the capacitance of various devices

EM.12.P.4 Construct a circuit to produce a pre-determined value of an Ohm's law variable

AR.13.P. Physics: Electricity and Magnetism: Students shall understand how magnetism relates to induced and alternating currents.

EM.13.P.1 Determine the strength of a magnetic field

EM.13.P.2 Use the first right-hand rule to find the direction of the force on the charge moving through a magnetic field

EM.13.P.3 Determine the magnitude and direction of the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field

EM.13.P.4 Describe how the change in the number of magnetic field lines through a circuit loop affects the magnitude and direction of the induced current

EM.13.P.5 Calculate the induced electromagnetic field (emf) and current using Faraday's law of induction

AR.14.P. Physics: Nuclear Physics: Students shall understand the concepts of quantum mechanics as they apply to the atomic spectrum.

NP.14.P.1 Calculate energy quanta using Planck's equation: E=hf

NP.14.P.2 Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of matter: wavelength=h/p=h/mv

NP.14.P.3 Distinguish between classical ideas of measurement and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle

NP.14.P.4 Research emerging theories in physics, such as string theory

AR.15.P. Physics: Nuclear Physics: Students shall understand the process of nuclear decay.

NP.15.P.1 Calculate the binding energy of various nuclei

NP.15.P.2 Predict the products of nuclear decay

NP.15.P.3 Calculate the decay constant and the half-life of a radioactive substance

AR.16.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding that science is a way of knowing.

NS.16.P.1 Describe why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works

NS.16.P.2 Compare and contrast the criteria for the formation of hypotheses, theories and laws

NS.16.P.3 Summarize the guidelines of science: results are based on observations, evidence, and testing; hypotheses must be testable; understandings and/or conclusions may change as new data are generated; empirical knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance

AR.17.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall safely design and conduct a scientific inquiry to solve valid problems.

NS.17.P.1 Develop the appropriate procedures using controls and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation

NS.17.P.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations

NS.17.P.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome

NS.17.P.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics (e.g., percent yield, percent error)

NS.17.P.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

AR.18.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of historical trends in physics.

NS.18.P.1 Recognize that theories are scientific explanations that require empirical data, verification and peer review

NS.18.P.2 Research historical and current events in physics

AR.19.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall use mathematics, science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve physics problems.

NS.19.P.1 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., balances, scales, calculators, probes, glassware, burners, computer software and hardware)

NS.19.P.2 Manipulate scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, charts, tables, and graphs

NS.19.P.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings

AR.20.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall describe the connections between pure and applied science.

NS.20.P.1 Compare and contrast the connections between pure science and applied science as it relates to physics

NS.20.P.2 Give examples of scientific bias that affect outcomes of experimental results

NS.20.P.3 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters

NS.20.P.4 Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact.

NS.20.P.5 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology

AR.21.P. Physics: Nature of Science: Students shall describe various physics careers and the training required for the selected career.

NS.21.P.1 Research and evaluate careers in physics using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, working conditions