Pennsylvania State Standards for Science: Grade 4

PA.3.1.4. Science and Technology: Unifying Themes: Pennsylvania's public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to:

3.1.4.A. Know that natural and human-made objects are made up of parts.

3.1.4.A.1. Identify and describe what parts make up a system. 45
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.1.4.A.1.

3.1.4.A.2. Identify system parts that are natural and human-made (e.g., ball point pen, simple electrical circuits, plant anatomy). 57
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.1.4.A.2.

3.1.4.A.3. Describe the purpose of analyzing systems. 8
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.1.4.A.3.

3.1.4.A.4. Know that technologies include physical technology systems (e.g., construction, manufacturing, transportation), informational systems and biochemical-related systems. 4
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.1.4.A.4.

3.1.4.B. Know models as useful simplifications of objects or processes.

3.1.4.B.1. Identify different types of models. 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.1.4.B.1.

3.1.4.B.2. Identify and apply models as tools for prediction and insight. 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.1.4.B.2.

3.1.4.B.3. Apply appropriate simple modeling tools and techniques. 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.1.4.B.3.

3.1.4.B.4. Identify theories that serve as models (e.g., molecules). 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.1.4.B.4.

3.1.4.C. Illustrate patterns that regularly occur and reoccur in nature.

3.1.4.C.1. Identify observable patterns (e.g., growth patterns in plants, crystal shapes in minerals, climate, structural patterns in bird feathers). 43
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.1.4.C.1.

3.1.4.C.2. Use knowledge of natural patterns to predict next occurrences (e.g., seasons, leaf patterns, lunar phases). 16
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.1.4.C.2.

3.1.4.D. Know that scale is an important attribute of natural and human made objects, events and phenomena.

3.1.4.D.1. Identify the use of scale as it relates to the measurement of distance, volume and mass. 1
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.1.4.D.1.

3.1.4.D.2. Describe scale as a ratio (e.g., map scales).

3.1.4.D.3. Explain the importance of scale in producing models and apply it to a model. 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.1.4.D.3.

3.1.4.E. Recognize change in natural and physical systems.

3.1.4.E.1. Recognize change as fundamental to science and technology concepts. 35
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.1.4.E.1.

3.1.4.E.2. Examine and explain change by using time and measurement. 35
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.1.4.E.2.

3.1.4.E.3. Describe relative motion. 6
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.1.4.E.3.

3.1.4.E.4. Describe the change to objects caused by heat, cold, light or chemicals. 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.1.4.E.4.

PA.3.2.4. Science and Technology: Inquiry and Design: Pennsylvania's public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to:

3.2.4.A. Identify and use the nature of scientific and technological knowledge.

3.2.4.A.1. Distinguish between a scientific fact and a belief. 35
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.2.4.A.1.

3.2.4.A.2. Provide clear explanations that account for observations and results. 35
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.2.4.A.2.

3.2.4.A.3. Relate how new information can change existing perceptions. 35
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.2.4.A.3.

3.2.4.B. Describe objects in the world using the five senses.

3.2.4.B.1. Recognize observational descriptors from each of the five senses (e.g., see-blue, feel-rough). 16
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.2.4.B.1.

3.2.4.B.2. Use observations to develop a descriptive vocabulary. 16
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.2.4.B.2.

3.2.4.C. Recognize and use the elements of scientific inquiry to solve problems.

3.2.4.C.1. Generate questions about objects, organisms and/or events that can be answered through scientific investigations. 35
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.2.4.C.1.

3.2.4.C.2. Design an investigation. 35
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.2.4.C.2.

3.2.4.C.3. Conduct an experiment. 35
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.2.4.C.3.

3.2.4.C.4. State a conclusion that is consistent with the information. 35
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.2.4.C.4.

3.2.4.D. Recognize and use the technological design process to solve problems.

3.2.4.D.1. Recognize and explain basic problems. 38
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.2.4.D.1.

3.2.4.D.2. Identify possible solutions and their course of action. 38
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.2.4.D.2.

3.2.4.D.3. Try a solution. 38
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.2.4.D.3.

3.2.4.D.4. Describe the solution, identify its impacts and modify if necessary. 38
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.2.4.D.4.

3.2.4.D.5. Show the steps taken and the results. 38
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.2.4.D.5.

PA.3.3.4. Science and Technology: Biological Sciences: Pennsylvania's public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to:

3.3.4.A. Know the similarities and differences of living things.

3.3.4.A.1. Identify life processes of living things (e.g., growth, digestion, react to environment). 89
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.3.4.A.1.

3.3.4.A.2. Know that some organisms have similar external characteristics (e.g., anatomical characteristics; appendages, type of covering, body segments) and that similarities and differences are related to environmental habitat. 118
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.3.4.A.2.

3.3.4.A.3. Describe basic needs of plants and animals. 80
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.3.4.A.3.

3.3.4.B. Know that living things are made up of parts that have specific functions.

3.3.4.B.1. Identify examples of unicellular and multicellular organisms. 4
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.3.4.B.1.

3.3.4.B.2. Determine how different parts of a living thing work together to make the organism function. 49
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.3.4.B.2.

3.3.4.C. Know that characteristics are inherited and, thus, offspring closely resemble their parents.

3.3.4.C.1. Identify characteristics for animal and plant survival in different climates. 56
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.3.4.C.1.

3.3.4.C.2. Identify physical characteristics that appear in both parents and offspring and differ between families, strains or species. 7
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.3.4.C.2.

3.3.4.D. Identify changes in living things over time.

3.3.4.D.1. Compare extinct life forms with living organisms. 18
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.3.4.D.1.

PA.3.4.4. Science and Technology: Physical Science, Chemistry and Physics: Pennsylvania's public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to:

3.4.4.A. Recognize basic concepts about the structure and properties of matter.

3.4.4.A.1. Describe properties of matter (e.g., hardness, reactions to simple chemical tests). 4
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.4.4.A.1.

3.4.4.A.2. Know that combining two or more substances can make new materials with different properties. 4
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.4.4.A.2.

3.4.4.A.3. Know different material characteristics (e.g., texture, state of matter, solubility). 4
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.4.4.A.3.

3.4.4.B. Know basic energy types, sources and conversions.

3.4.4.B.1. Identify energy forms and examples (e.g., sunlight, heat, stored, motion). 19
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.4.4.B.1.

3.4.4.B.2. Know the concept of the flow of energy by measuring flow through an object or system. 19
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.4.4.B.2.

3.4.4.B.3. Describe static electricity in terms of attraction, repulsion and sparks.

3.4.4.B.4. Apply knowledge of the basic electrical circuits to design and construction simple direct current circuits. 8
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.4.4.B.4.

3.4.4.B.5. Classify materials as conductors and nonconductors. 8
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.4.4.B.5.

3.4.4.B.6. Know and demonstrate the basic properties of heat by producing it in a variety of ways. 4
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.4.4.B.6.

3.4.4.B.7. Know the characteristics of light (e.g., reflection, refraction, absorption) and use them to produce heat, color or a virtual image. 4
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.4.4.B.7.

3.4.4.C. Observe and describe different types of force and motion.

3.4.4.C.1. Identify characteristics of sound (pitch, loudness and echoes) 4
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.4.4.C.1.

3.4.4.C.2. Recognize forces that attract or repel other objects and demonstrate them. 12
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.4.4.C.2.

3.4.4.C.3. Describe various types of motions. 6
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.4.4.C.3.

3.4.4.C.4. Compare the relative movement of objects and describe types of motion that are evident. 6
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.4.4.C.4.

3.4.4.C.5. Describe the position of an object by locating it relative to another object or the background (e.g., geographic direction, left, up). 12
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.4.4.C.5.

3.4.4.D. Describe the composition and structure of the universe and the earth's place in it.

3.4.4.D.1. Recognize earth's place in the solar system. 6
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.4.4.D.1.

3.4.4.D.2. Explain and illustrate the causes of seasonal changes. 6
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.4.4.D.2.

3.4.4.D.3. Identify planets in our solar system and their general characteristics. 30
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.4.4.D.3.

3.4.4.D.4. Describe the solar system motions and use them to explain time (e.g., days, seasons), major lunar phases and eclipses. 43
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.4.4.D.4.

PA.3.5.4. Science and Technology: Earth Sciences: Pennsylvania's public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to:

3.5.4.A. Know basic landforms and earth history.

3.5.4.A.1. Describe earth processes (e.g., rusting, weathering, erosion) that have affected selected physical features in students' neighborhoods. 38
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.5.4.A.1.

3.5.4.A.2. Identify various earth structures (e.g., mountains, faults, drainage basins) through the use of models. 49
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.5.4.A.2.

3.5.4.A.3. Identify the composition of soil as weathered rock and decomposed organic remains. 23
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.5.4.A.3.

3.5.4.A.4. Describe fossils and the type of environment they lived in (e.g., tropical, aquatic, desert). 27
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.5.4.A.4.

3.5.4.B. Know types and uses of earth materials.

3.5.4.B.1. Identify uses of various earth materials (e.g., buildings, highways, fuels, growing plants). 1
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.5.4.B.1.

3.5.4.B.2. Identify and sort earth materials according to a classification key (e.g., soil/rock type). 23
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.5.4.B.2.

3.5.4.C. Know basic weather elements.

3.5.4.C.1. Identify cloud types. 11
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.5.4.C.1.

3.5.4.C.2. Identify weather patterns from data charts (including temperature, wind direction and speed, precipitation) and graphs of the data. 91
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.5.4.C.2.

3.5.4.C.3. Explain how the different seasons effect plants, animals, food availability and daily human life. 6
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.5.4.C.3.

3.5.4.D. Recognize the earth's different water resources.

3.5.4.D.1. Know that approximately three-fourths of the earth is covered by water. 32
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.5.4.D.1.

3.5.4.D.2. Identify and describe types of fresh and salt-water bodies. 31
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.5.4.D.2.

3.5.4.D.3. Identify examples of water in the form of solid, liquid and gas on or near the surface of the earth. 8
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.5.4.D.3.

3.5.4.D.4. Explain and illustrate evaporation and condensation. 8
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.5.4.D.4.

3.5.4.D.5. Recognize other resources available from water (e.g., energy, transportation, minerals, food). 30
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.5.4.D.5.

PA.3.6.4. Science and Technology: Technology Education: Pennsylvania's public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to:

3.6.4.A. Know that biotechnologies relate to propagating, growing, maintaining, adapting, treating and converting.

3.6.4.A.1. Identify agricultural and industrial production processes that involve plants and animals. 16
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.A.1.

3.6.4.A.2. Identify waste management treatment processes. 44
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.A.2.

3.6.4.A.3. Describe how knowledge of the human body influences or impacts ergonomic design. 5
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.A.3.

3.6.4.A.4. Describe how biotechnology has impacted various aspects of daily life (e.g., health care, agriculture, waste treatment). 17
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.A.4.

3.6.4.B. Know that information technologies involve encoding, transmitting, receiving, storing, retrieving and decoding.

3.6.4.B.1. Identify electronic communication methods that exist in the community (e.g., digital cameras, telephone, internet, television, fiber optics). 4
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.B.1.

3.6.4.B.2. Identify graphic reproduction methods. 5
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.B.2.

3.6.4.B.3. Describe appropriate image generating techniques (e.g., photography, video). 5
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.B.3.

3.6.4.B.4. Demonstrate the ability to communicate an idea by applying basic sketching and drawing techniques. 9
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.B.4.

3.6.4.C. Know physical technologies of structural design, analysis and engineering, finance, production, marketing, research and design.

3.6.4.C.1. Identify and group a variety of construction tasks. 5
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.C.1.

3.6.4.C.2. Identify the major construction systems present in a specific local building. 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.C.2.

3.6.4.C.3. Identify specific construction systems that depend on each other in order to complete a project. 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.C.3.

3.6.4.C.4. Know skills used in construction. 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.C.4.

3.6.4.C.5. Identify examples of manufactured goods present in the home and school. 7
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.C.5.

3.6.4.C.6. Identify basic resources needed to produce a manufactured item. 23
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.C.6.

3.6.4.C.7. Identify basic component operations in a specific manufacturing enterprise (e.g., cutting, shaping, attaching). 21
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.C.7.

3.6.4.C.8. Identify waste and pollution resulting from a manufacturing enterprise. 14
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.C.8.

3.6.4.C.9. Explain and demonstrate the concept of manufacturing (e.g., assemble a set of papers or ball point pens sequentially, mass produce an object). 7
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.C.9.

3.6.4.C.10. Identify transportation technologies of propelling, structuring, suspending, guiding, controlling and supporting. 19
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.C.10.

3.6.4.C.11. Identify and experiment with simple machines used in transportation systems. 66
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.C.11.

3.6.4.C.12. Explain how improved transportation systems have changed society. 21
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.6.4.C.12.

PA.3.7.4. Science and Technology: Technological Devices: Pennsylvania's public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to:

3.7.4.A. Explore the use of basic tools, simple materials and techniques to safely solve problems.

3.7.4.A.1. Describe the scientific principles on which various tools are based. 19
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.7.4.A.1.

3.7.4.A.2. Group tools and machines by their function. 19
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.7.4.A.2.

3.7.4.A.3. Select and safely apply appropriate tools and materials to solve simple problems. 35
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.7.4.A.3.

3.7.4.B. Select appropriate instruments to study materials.

3.7.4.B.1. Develop simple skills to measure, record, cut and fasten. 20
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.7.4.B.1.

3.7.4.B.2. Explain appropriate instrument selection for specific tasks. 20
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.7.4.B.2.

3.7.4.C. Identify basic computer operations and concepts.

3.7.4.C.1. Identify the major parts necessary for a computer to input and output data. 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.7.4.C.1.

3.7.4.C.2. Explain and demonstrate the basic use of input and output devices (e.g., keyboard, monitor, printer, mouse). 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.7.4.C.2.

3.7.4.C.3. Explain and demonstrate the use of external and internal storage devices (e.g., disk drive, CD drive). 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.7.4.C.3.

3.7.4.D. Use basic computer software.

3.7.4.D.1. Apply operating system skills to perform basic computer tasks. 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.7.4.D.1.

3.7.4.D.2. Apply basic word processing skills.

3.7.4.D.3. Identify and use simple graphic and presentation graphic materials generated by the computer.

3.7.4.D.4. Apply specific instructional software.

3.7.4.E. Identify basic computer communications systems.

3.7.4.E.1. Apply a web browser.

3.7.4.E.2. Apply basic electronic mail functions. 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.7.4.E.2.

3.7.4.E.3. Use on-line searches to answer age appropriate questions. 5
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.7.4.E.3.

PA.3.8.4. Science and Technology: Science, Technology and Human Endeavors: Pennsylvania's public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to:

3.8.4.A. Know that people select, create and use science and technology and that they are limited by social and physical restraints.

3.8.4.A.1. Identify and describe positive and negative impacts that influence or result from new tools and techniques. 43
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.8.4.A.1.

3.8.4.A.2. Identify how physical technology (e.g., construction, manufacturing, transportation), informational technology and biotechnology are used to meet human needs. 8
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.8.4.A.2.

3.8.4.A.3. Describe how scientific discoveries and technological advancements are related. 7
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.8.4.A.3.

3.8.4.A.4. Identify interrelationships among technology, people and their world. 7
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.8.4.A.4.

3.8.4.A.5. Apply the technological design process to solve a simple problem. 20
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.8.4.A.5.

3.8.4.B. Know how human ingenuity and technological resources satisfy specific human needs and improve the quality of life.

3.8.4.B.1. Identify and distinguish between human needs and improving the quality of life. 3
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.8.4.B.1.

3.8.4.B.2. Identify and distinguish between natural and human-made resources. 10
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.8.4.B.2.

3.8.4.B.3. Describe a technological invention and the resources that were used to develop it. 37
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.8.4.B.3.

3.8.4.C. Know the pros and cons of possible solutions to scientific and technological problems in society.

3.8.4.C.1. Compare the positive and negative expected and unexpected impacts of technological change. 55
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.8.4.C.1.

3.8.4.C.2. Identify and discuss examples of technological change in the community that have both positive and negative impacts. 55
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 3.8.4.C.2.

PA.4.1.4. Environment and Ecology: Watersheds and Wetlands: Pennsylvania's public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to:

4.1.4.A. Identify various types of water environments.

4.1.4.A.1. Identify the lotic system (e.g., creeks, rivers, streams). 37
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.1.4.A.1.

4.1.4.A.2. Identify the lentic system (e.g., ponds, lakes, swamps). 36
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.1.4.A.2.

4.1.4.B. Explain the differences between moving and still water.

4.1.4.B.1. Explain why water moves or does not move. 38
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.1.4.B.1.

4.1.4.B.2. Identify types of precipitation. 10
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.1.4.B.2.

4.1.4.C. Identify living things found in water environments.

4.1.4.C.1. Identify fish, insects and amphibians that are found in fresh water. 6
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.1.4.C.1.

4.1.4.C.2. Identify plants found in fresh water. 6
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.1.4.C.2.

4.1.4.D. Identify a wetland and the plants and animals found there.

4.1.4.D.1. Identify different kinds of wetlands. 7
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.1.4.D.1.

4.1.4.D.2. Identify plants and animals found in wetlands. 7
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.1.4.D.2.

4.1.4.D.3. Explain wetlands as habitats for plants and animals. 7
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.1.4.D.3.

4.1.4.E. Recognize the impact of watersheds and wetlands on animals and plants.

4.1.4.E.1. Explain the role of watersheds in everyday life. 12
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.1.4.E.1.

4.1.4.E.2. Identify the role of watersheds and wetlands for plants and animals. 12
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.1.4.E.2.

PA.4.2.4. Environment and Ecology: Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources: Pennsylvania's public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to:

4.2.4.A. Identify needs of people.

4.2.4.A.1. Identify plants, animals, water, air, minerals and fossil fuels as natural resources. 9
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.2.4.A.1.

4.2.4.A.2. Explain air, water and nutrient cycles. 22
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.2.4.A.2.

4.2.4.A.3. Identify how the environment provides for the needs of people. 59
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.2.4.A.3.

4.2.4.B. Identify products derived from natural resources.

4.2.4.B.1. Identify products made from trees. 20
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.2.4.B.1.

4.2.4.B.2. Identify by-products of plants and animals. 46
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.2.4.B.2.

4.2.4.B.3. Identify the sources of manmade products (e.g., plastics, metal, aluminum, fabrics, paper, cardboard). 9
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.2.4.B.3.

4.2.4.C. Know that some natural resources have limited life spans.

4.2.4.C.1. Identify renewable and nonrenewable resources used in the local community. 11
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.2.4.C.1.

4.2.4.C.2. Identify various means of conserving natural resources. 23
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.2.4.C.2.

4.2.4.C.3. Know that natural resources have varying life spans. 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.2.4.C.3.

4.2.4.D. Identify by-products and their use of natural resources.

4.2.4.D.1. Understand the waste stream. 1
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.2.4.D.1.

4.2.4.D.2. Identify those items that can be recycled and those that can not. 17
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.2.4.D.2.

4.2.4.D.3. Identify use of reusable products. 17
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.2.4.D.3.

4.2.4.D.4. Identify the use of compost, landfills and incinerators. 55
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.2.4.D.4.

PA.4.3.4. Environment and Ecology: Environmental Health: Pennsylvania's public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to:

4.3.4.A. Know that plants, animals and humans are dependent on air and water.

4.3.4.A.1. Know that all living things need air and water to survive. 63
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.3.4.A.1.

4.3.4.A.2. Describe potentially dangerous pest controls used in the home. 49
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.3.4.A.2.

4.3.4.A.3. Identify things that cause sickness when put into the air, water or soil. 6
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.3.4.A.3.

4.3.4.A.4. Identify different areas where health can be affected by air, water or land pollution. 6
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.3.4.A.4.

4.3.4.A.5. Identify actions that can prevent or reduce waste pollution. 26
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.3.4.A.5.

4.3.4.B. Identify how human actions affect environmental health.

4.3.4.B.1. Identify pollutants. 15
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.3.4.B.1.

4.3.4.B.2. Identify sources of pollution. 19
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.3.4.B.2.

4.3.4.B.3. Identify litter and its effect on the environment. 19
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.3.4.B.3.

4.3.4.B.4. Describe how people can reduce pollution. 19
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.3.4.B.4.

4.3.4.C. Understand that the elements of natural systems are interdependent.

4.3.4.C.1. Identify some of the organisms that live together in an ecosystem. 9
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.3.4.C.1.

4.3.4.C.2. Understand that the components of a system all play a part in a healthy natural system. 64
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.3.4.C.2.

4.3.4.C.3. Identify the effects of a healthy environment on the ecosystem. 58
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.3.4.C.3.

PA.4.4.4. Environment and Ecology: Agriculture and Society: Pennsylvania's public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to:

4.4.4.A. Know the importance of agriculture to humans.

4.4.4.A.1. Identify people's basic needs 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.4.4.A.1.

4.4.4.A.2. Explain the influence of agriculture on food, clothing, shelter and culture from one area to another. 17
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.4.4.A.2.

4.4.4.A.3. Know how people depend on agriculture. 16
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.4.4.A.3.

4.4.4.B. Identify the role of the sciences in Pennsylvania agriculture.

4.4.4.B.1. Identify common animals found on Pennsylvania farms. 15
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.4.4.B.1.

4.4.4.B.2. Identify common plants found on Pennsylvania farms.

4.4.4.B.3. Identify the parts of important agricultural related plants (i.e., corn, soybeans, barley). 19
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.4.4.B.3.

4.4.4.B.4. Identify a fiber product from Pennsylvania farms. 3
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.4.4.B.4.

4.4.4.C. Know that food and fiber originate from plants and animals.

4.4.4.C.1. Define and identify food and fiber. 5
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.4.4.C.1.

4.4.4.C.2. Identify what plants and animals need to grow. 77
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.4.4.C.2.

4.4.4.C.3. Identify agricultural products that are local and regional. 1
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.4.4.C.3.

4.4.4.C.4. Identify an agricultural product based on its origin. 1
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.4.4.C.4.

4.4.4.C.5. Describe several products and tell their origins. 24
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.4.4.C.5.

4.4.4.C.6. Describe the journey of a local agricultural product from production to the consumer. 22
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.4.4.C.6.

4.4.4.D. Identify technology and energy use associated with agriculture.

4.4.4.D.1. Identify the various tools and machinery necessary for farming. 15
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.4.4.D.1.

4.4.4.D.2. Identify the types of energy used in producing food and fiber. 15
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.4.4.D.2.

4.4.4.D.3. Identify tools and machinery used in the production of agricultural products. 15
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.4.4.D.3.

PA.4.5.4. Environment and Ecology: Integrated Pest Management: Pennsylvania's public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to:

4.5.4.A. Know types of pests.

4.5.4.A.1. Identify classifications of pests. 10
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.5.4.A.1.

4.5.4.B. Explain pest control.

4.5.4.A.2. Identify and categorize pests. 10
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.5.4.A.2.

4.5.4.A.3. Know how pests fit into a food chain. 26
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.5.4.A.3.

4.5.4.B.1. Know reasons why people control pests. 10
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.5.4.B.1.

4.5.4.B.2. Identify different methods for controlling specific pests in the home, school and community. 10
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.5.4.B.2.

4.5.4.B.3. Identify chemical labels (e.g., caution, poison, warning). 4
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.5.4.B.3.

4.5.4.C. Understand society's need for integrated pest management.

4.5.4.C.1. Identify integrated pest management practices in the home. 10
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.5.4.C.1.

4.5.4.C.2. Identify integrated pest management practices outside the home. 10
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.5.4.C.2.

PA.4.6.4. Environment and Ecology: Ecosystems and their Interactions: Pennsylvania's public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to:

4.6.4.A. Understand that living things are dependent on nonliving things in the environment for survival.

4.6.4.A.1. Identify and categorize living and nonliving things. 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.6.4.A.1.

4.6.4.A.2. Describe the basic needs of an organism. 40
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.6.4.A.2.

4.6.4.A.3. Identify basic needs of a plant and an animal and explain how their needs are met. 60
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.6.4.A.3.

4.6.4.A.4. Identify plants and animals with their habitat and food sources. 50
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.6.4.A.4.

4.6.4.A.5. Identify environmental variables that affect plant growth. 46
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.6.4.A.5.

4.6.4.A.6. Describe how animals interact with plants to meet their needs for shelter. 88
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.6.4.A.6.

4.6.4.A.7. Describe how certain insects interact with soil for their needs. 26
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.6.4.A.7.

4.6.4.A.8. Understand the components of a food chain. 16
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.6.4.A.8.

4.6.4.A.9. Identify a local ecosystem and its living and nonliving components. 8
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.6.4.A.9.

4.6.4.A.10. Identify a simple ecosystem and its living and nonliving components. 111
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.6.4.A.10.

4.6.4.A.11. Identify common soil textures. 3
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.6.4.A.11.

4.6.4.A.12. Identify animals that live underground. 99
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.6.4.A.12.

4.6.4.B. Understand the concept of cycles.

4.6.4.B.1. Explain the water cycle. 13
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.6.4.B.1.

4.6.4.B.2. Explain the carbon dioxide/oxygen cycle (photosynthesis). 3
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.6.4.B.2.

4.6.4.C. Identify how ecosystems change over time.

4.6.4.B.2. Explain the carbon dioxide/oxygen cycle (photosynthesis). 3
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.6.4.B.2.

PA.4.7.4. Environment and Ecology: Threatened, Endangered and Extinct Species: Pennsylvania's public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to:

4.7.4.A. Identify differences in living things.

4.7.4.A.1. Explain why plants and animals are different colors, shapes and sizes and how these differences relate to their survival. 11
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.7.4.A.1.

4.7.4.A.2. Identify characteristics that living things inherit from their parents. 43
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.7.4.A.2.

4.7.4.A.3. Explain why each of the four elements in a habitat is essential for survival. 86
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.7.4.A.3.

4.7.4.A.4. Identify local plants or animals and describe their habitat. 48
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.7.4.A.4.

4.7.4.B. Know that adaptations are important for survival.

4.7.4.B.1. Explain how specific adaptations can help a living organism to survive. 6
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.7.4.B.1.

4.7.4.B.2. Explain what happens to a living thing when its food, water, shelter or space is changed. 6
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.7.4.B.2.

4.7.4.C. Define and understand extinction.

4.7.4.C.1. Identify plants and animals that are extinct. 6
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.7.4.C.1.

4.7.4.C.2. Explain why some plants and animals are extinct. 19
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.7.4.C.2.

4.7.4.C.3. Know that there are local and state laws regarding plants and animals. 19
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.7.4.C.3.

PA.4.8.4. Environment and Ecology: Humans and the Environment: Pennsylvania's public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to:

4.8.4.A. Identify the biological requirements of humans.

4.8.4.A.1. Explain how a dynamically changing environment provides for sustainability of living systems. 6
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.8.4.A.1.

4.8.4.A.2. Identify several ways that people use natural resources. 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.8.4.A.2.

4.8.4.B. Know that environmental conditions influence where and how people live.

4.8.4.B.1. Identify how regional natural resources influence what people use. 3
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.8.4.B.1.

4.8.4.B.2. Explain the influence of climate on how and where people live. 59
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.8.4.B.2.

4.8.4.C. Explain how human activities may change the environment.

4.8.4.C.1. Identify everyday human activities and how they affect the environment. 43
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.8.4.C.1.

4.8.4.C.2. Identify examples of how human activities within a community affect the natural environment. 43
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.8.4.C.2.

4.8.4.D. Know the importance of natural resources in daily life.

4.8.4.D.1. Identify items used in daily life that come from natural resources. 9
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.8.4.D.1.

4.8.4.D.2. Identify ways to conserve our natural resources. 26
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.8.4.D.2.

4.8.4.D.3. Identify major land uses in the community. 2
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.8.4.D.3.

PA.4.9.4. Environment and Ecology: Environmental Laws and Regulations: Pennsylvania's public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to:

4.9.4.A. Know that there are laws and regulations for the environment.

4.9.4.A.1. Identify local and state laws and regulations regarding the environment.

4.9.4.A.2. Explain how the recycling law impacts the school and home. 17
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.9.4.A.2.

4.9.4.A.3. Identify and describe the role of a local or state agency that deals with environmental laws and regulations. 5
Suggested Titles for Pennsylvania Science State Standard 4.9.4.A.3.