Kentucky State Standards for Science: Grade 1

SC-P-STM. Big Idea: Structure and Transformation of Matter (Physical Science) - A basic understanding of matter is essential to the conceptual development of other big ideas in science. In the elementary years of conceptual development, students will be studying properties of matter and physical changes of matter at the macro level through direct observations, forming the foundation for subsequent learning. The use of models (and an understanding of their scales and limitations) is an effective means of learning about the structure of matter. Looking for patterns in properties is also critical to comparing and explaining differences in matter. (Academic Expectations 2.1, 2.2, 2.4)

SC-P-STM-U-1. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that objects are made of one or more materials and investigating the properties of those materials helps in sorting and describing them. 7
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-STM-U-1.

SC-P-STM-U-2. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that tools such as thermometers, magnifiers, rulers and balances can give more information about objects than can be obtained by just making observations. 4
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-STM-U-2.

SC-P-STM-U-3. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that things can be done to materials to change some of their properties, but not all materials respond the same way to what is done to them. 7
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-STM-U-3.

SC-P-STM-U-4. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that water can be a liquid, solid, or gas and can go back and forth from one form to another. 15
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-STM-U-4.

SC-P-STM-U-5. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that in science, it is often helpful to work with a team and to share findings with others. All team members should reach their own individual conclusions, however, about what the findings mean. 16
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-STM-U-5.

SC-P-MF. Big Idea: Motion and Forces (Physical Science) - Whether observing airplanes, baseballs, planets, or people, the motion of all bodies is governed by the same basic rules. In the elementary years of conceptual development, students need multiple opportunities to experience, observe, and describe (in words and pictures) motion, including factors (e.g., pushing, pulling) that affect motion. (Academic Expectations 2.1, 2.2, 2.3)

SC-P-MF-U-1. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that things move in many different ways (e.g., fast and slow, back and forth, straight, zig zag, etc.). 6
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-MF-U-1.

SC-P-MF-U-3. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that the position of an object can be described by locating it relative to another object or the background. 6
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-MF-U-3.

SC-P-MF-U-2. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that forces (pushes or pulls) can cause objects to start moving, go faster, slow down, or change the direction they are going. 4
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-MF-U-2.

SC-P-MF-U-4. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that vibration is a type of motion that is responsible for making sound. 6
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-MF-U-4.

SC-P-MF-U-5. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that magnetism is a force that can make some things move without touching them. 7
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-MF-U-5.

SC-P-MF-U-6. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that discovering patterns through investigation/observation allows predictions, based on that evidence, to be made about future events. 16
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-MF-U-6.

SC-P-EU. Big Idea: Grade: The Earth and the Universe (Earth/Space Science) - The Earth system is in a constant state of change. These changes affect life on earth in many ways. Development of conceptual understandings about processes that shape the Earth begin at the elementary level with understanding what Earth materials are and that change occurs. At the heart of elementary students' initial understanding of the Earth's place in the universe is direct observation of the Earth-sun-moon system. Students can derive important conceptual understandings about the system as they describe interactions resulting in shadows, moon phases, and day and night. The use of models and observance of patterns to explain common phenomena is essential to building a conceptual foundation and supporting ideas with evidence at all levels. (Academic Expectations 2.1, 2.2, 2.3)

SC-P-EU-U-1. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that people use a variety of earth materials for different purposes because of their different properties. All products that people use somehow come from the Earth. 4
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-EU-U-1.

SC-P-EU-U-2. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that some events in nature have a repeating pattern. Weather changes from day to day, but things such as temperature or precipitation tend to be similar (high, medium or low) in the same months every year. 5
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-EU-U-2.

SC-P-EU-U-3. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that the sun, moon and stars appear to move slowly across the sky at different speeds and we can see patterns in their movement with careful observation. 20
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-EU-U-3.

SC-P-EU-U-4. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that the sun can only be seen in the daytime. The moon can sometimes be seen during the day and sometimes be seen at night and its shape changes in a predictable pattern. 17
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-EU-U-4.

SC-P-EU-U-5. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that observable interactions of the sun, moon and the Earth can be used to identify the apparent pattern of their movement. 22
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-EU-U-5.

SC-P-EU-U-6. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand raising questions about the Earth and the Universe and seeking answers to some of them (by careful observation and/or investigation) is what science is all about.

SC-P-UD. Big Idea: Unity and Diversity (Biological Science) - All matter is comprised of the same basic elements, goes through the same kinds of energy transformations, and uses the same kinds of forces to move. Living organisms are no exception. Elementary students begin to observe the macroscopic features of organisms in order to make comparisons and classifications based upon likenesses and differences. Looking for patterns in the appearance and behavior of an organism leads to the notion that offspring are much like the parents, but not exactly alike. Emphasis at every level should be placed upon the understanding that while every living thing is composed of similar small constituents that combine in predictable ways, it is the subtle variations within these small building blocks that account for both the likenesses and differences in form and function that create the diversity of life. (Academic Expectations 2.1, 2.2, 2.3)

SC-P-UD-U-1. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that most living things need water, food and air, while nonliving things can continue to exist without any requirements. 11
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-UD-U-1.

SC-P-UD-U-2. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that plants and animals have features that help them live in different environments. 23
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-UD-U-2.

SC-P-UD-U-3. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that some animals are alike in the way they look and in the things they do, and others are very different from one another. 88
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-UD-U-3.

SC-P-UD-U-4. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that the offspring all living things are very much like their parents, but not exactly alike. 144
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-UD-U-4.

SC-P-UD-U-5. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that organisms may not be able to survive if some of their parts are missing. 9
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-UD-U-5.

SC-P-BC. Big Idea: Biological Change (Biological Science) - The only thing certain is that everything changes. Elementary students build a foundational knowledge of change by observing slow and fast changes caused by nature in their own environment, noting changes that humans and other organisms cause in their environment, and observing fossils found in or near their environment. (Academic Expectations 2.1, 2.2, 2.6)

SC-P-BC-U-1. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that fossils found in Earth materials indicate that organisms and environmental conditions may have been different in the past. 5
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-BC-U-1.

SC-P-BC-U-2. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that living things are found almost everywhere on our planet, but organisms living in one place may be different from those found somewhere else. 19
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-BC-U-2.

SC-P-BC-U-3. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that some changes are so slow or so fast that they are hard to see. 3
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-BC-U-3.

SC-P-BC-U-4. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that things change in some ways and stay the same in some ways. 17
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-BC-U-4.

SC-P-ET. Big Idea: Energy Transformations (Unifying Concepts) - Energy transformations are inherent in almost every system in the universe - from tangible examples at the elementary level, such as heat production in simple earth and physical systems to more abstract ideas beginning at middle school, such as those transformations involved in the growth, dying and decay of living systems. The use of models to illustrate the often invisible and abstract notions of energy transfer will aid in conceptualization, especially as students move from the macroscopic level of observation and evidence (primarily elementary school) to the microscopic interactions at the atomic level (middle and high school levels). (Academic Expectations 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4)

SC-P-ET-U-1. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that energy makes things move, grow or work. Everything that changes uses energy to make those changes happen. Sometimes evidence of these changes can be seen, but not always. 7
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-ET-U-1.

SC-P-ET-U-2. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that almost all kinds of food that animals eat can be traced back to plants. Food chains/webs are useful models of these relationships. 12
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-ET-U-2.

SC-P-ET-U-3. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that the sun warms the air, land and water, and lights the Earth. 9
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-ET-U-3.

SC-P-ET-U-4. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that light can be observed to determine how it travels and how it interacts with different materials (e.g. reflects, is absorbed, passes through). 5
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-ET-U-4.

SC-P-ET-U-5. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that electricity can only flow when it has a closed path (circuit) to follow. Closed electric circuits can produce light and sound. 4
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-ET-U-5.

SC-P-I. Big Idea: Interdependence (Unifying Concepts) - It is not difficult for students to grasp the general notion that species depend on one another and on the environment for survival. But their awareness must be supported by knowledge of the kinds of relationships that exist among organisms, the kinds of physical conditions that organisms must cope with, the kinds of environments created by the interaction of organisms with one another and their physical surroundings, and the complexity of such systems. Elementary learners need to become acquainted with ecosystems that are easily observable to them by beginning to study the habitats of many types of local organisms. Students begin to investigate the survival needs of different organisms and how the environment affects optimum conditions for survival. (Academic Expectations 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4)

SC-P-I-U-1. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that the world has many different environments. Distinct environments support the lives of different types of organisms. 48
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-I-U-1.

SC-P-I-U-2. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that when the environment changes, some plants and animals survive and reproduce, and others die or move to new locations. 58
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-P-I-U-2.