North Dakota State Standards for Science: Grade 12

ND.1. Unifying Concepts: Students understand the unifying concepts and processes of science.

11-12.1.1. Models: Explain how scientists create and use Models to address scientific knowledge

11-12.1.2. Systems: Identify the structure, organization, and dynamics of components within a system (e.g., cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, reactants and products in chemical equilibrium)

11-12.1.3. Constancy and Change: Explain how a system can be dynamic yet may remain in equilibrium (e.g., balance of forces, Le Chatelier's Principle, acid base systems)

11-12.1.4. Form and Function: Explain the relationship between form and function (e.g., atoms and ions, enzymes, aerodynamics)

11-12.1.5. Form and Function: Explain how classification can be based on the relationship between form and function (e.g., polar vs. nonpolar molecules, structure of periodic table , DNA vs. RNA)

ND.2. Science Inquiry: Students use the process of science inquiry.

11-12.2.1. Understandings About Scientific Inquiry: Explain how new knowledge and methods emerge from different types of investigations and public communication among scientists

11-12.2.2. Abilities Necessary To Do Scientific Inquiry: Select and use appropriate instruments, measuring tools, and units of measure to improve scientific investigations

11-12.2.3. Abilities Necessary To Do Scientific Inquiry: Use data from scientific investigations to accept or reject a hypothesis

11-12.2.4. Abilities Necessary To Do Scientific Inquiry: Formulate and revise explanations based upon scientific knowledge and experimental data

SC168 Abilities Necessary To Do Scientific Inquiry: Use technology and mathematics to improve investigations and communications

11-12.2.6. Abilities Necessary To Do Scientific Inquiry: Analyze data using appropriate strategies (e.g., interpolation, and extrapolation of data, significant figures, dimensional analysis)

11-12.2.7. Abilities Necessary To Do Scientific Inquiry: Design and conduct an independent investigation

11-12.2.8. Abilities Necessary To Do Scientific Inquiry: Communicate and defend a scientific argument

ND.3. Physical Science: Students understand the basic concepts and principles of physical science.

11-12.3.1. Atomic Structure and Properties: Explain how the structure of an atom, isotope, or ion relates to its properties

11-12.3.2. Atomic Structure and Properties: Identify the basic organization of the periodic table (e.g., elements are listed according to the number of protons [atomic number]; repeating patterns of physical and chemical properties

11-12.3.3. Atoms and Molecules: Compare and contrast the role of electrons in ionic and covalent bonding

11-12.3.4. Atoms and Molecules: Identify the basic bonding characteristics of carbon which lead to a large variety of structures

11-12.3.5. Chemical Reactions: Identify the effect of concentration, temperature, surface area, pressure, and catalysts on reaction rates as it relates to the Kinetic Theory.

11-12.3.6. Chemical Reactions: Write the chemical formula and name for compounds using a table of element names, symbols, and oxidation numbers

11-12.3.7. Chemical Reactions: Balance chemical equations

11-12.3.8. Force and Motion: Identify the principles and relationships influencing forces and motion (e.g., gravitational force, vectors, velocity, friction)

11-12.3.9. Forms of Energy: Explain the relationship among thermal energy, temperature, and the motion of particles

11-12.3.10. Energy Transfer and Transformation: Apply the law of conservation of energy to a variety of situations

11-12.3.11. Energy Transfer and Transformation: Explain how energy is related to physical changes of matter (e.g., phase changes, temperature changes)

11-12.3.12. Vibrations and Waves: Relate wave energy to wavelength and frequency

11-12.3.13. Electricity and Magnetism: Explain how magnetic forces relate to electric forces

ND.4. Life Science: Students understand the basic concepts and principles of life science.

11-12.4.1. Structure and Function: Explain the importance of cell differentiation in the development of tissues, organs, organ systems, and multi-cellular organisms.

11-12.4.2. Genetics and Reproduction: Explain how types of DNA technology (e.g., genetic engineering, forensic science, cloning) may impact society now and in the future.

11-12.4.3. Natural Selection and Biological Evolution: Explain how change through time has ensured adaptation to changing environments

ND.5. Earth and Space Science: Students understand the basic concepts and principles of earth and space science.

11-12.5.1. The Universe: Explain how the Sun and other stars are powered by nuclear reactions (e.g., the fusion of hydrogen to form helium, formation of elements)

11-12.5.2. Energy in the Earth System: Explain how Earth systems are in dynamic equilibrium (e.g., cycling of energy and matter through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere)

11-12.5.3. Geologic Processes, Human Activities, and the Environment: Explain the short-term and long-term effects of chemical processes (e.g., acid rain, CO2 emissions, ozone depletion, run-off) on the environment and society

ND.6. Science and Technology: Students understand relations between science and technology.

11-12.6.1. Technological Design: Select and use appropriate technologies, tools, and techniques to solve a problem (e.g., computer-assisted tools, Internet, research skills, CBL, graphing calculators)

11-12.6.2. Technological Design: Identify examples of how new technologies advance science

11-12.6.3. Technology and Society: Explain how designing and implementing technology requires weighing trade-offs between positive and negative impacts on humans and the environment

ND.7. Science and Other Areas: Students understand relations between science and personal, social, and environmental issues.

11-12.7.1. Science and Environmental Issues: Explain the impact of environmental laws and policies on the environment and society (e.g., waste/pollutants from industry, carbon dioxide emissions, location and number of animals in a feedlot versus water supply)

11-12.7.2. Science and Environmental Issues: Explain ways renewable and nonrenewable resources are managed (e.g., land reclamation, forest management, CRP, hunting licenses, energy -conserving technologies)

11-12.7.3. Science and Environmental Issues: Explain the economic and social impact of using alternative energy resources

11-12.7.4. Science and Social Issues: Explain how science and technology can influence personal, industrial, and cultural decision-making (e.g., organ transplants, cloning, stem cell research, genetic manipulation, use of genetic profile, archeological discoveries, land management, resource management)

ND.8. History and Nature of Science: Students understand the history and nature of science.

11-12.8.1. Scientific Knowledge: Identify the criteria that scientific explanations must meet to be considered valid (e.g., must be based on consistent and repeatable data, be consistent with experimental and observational evidence about nature, make accurate predictions about systems being studied, be logical, report methods and results, be open to question and reexamination, respect rules of evidence)