Kentucky State Standards for Science: Grade 5

SC-5-STM. Big Idea: Structure and Transformation of Matter (Physical Science) - A basic understanding of matter is essential to the conceptual development of other big ideas in science. In the elementary years of conceptual development, students will be studying properties of matter and physical changes of matter at the macro level through direct observations, forming the foundation for subsequent learning. The use of models (and an understanding of their scales and limitations) is an effective means of learning about the structure of matter. Looking for patterns in properties is also critical to comparing and explaining differences in matter. (Academic Expectations 2.1, 2.2, 2.4)

SC-5-STM-U-1. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that a substance has its own set of properties which allows it to be distinguished from other substances. 7
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-STM-U-1.

SC-5-STM-U-2. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that the physical properties of a substance do not change regardless of how much or how little of the substance there is. 5
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-STM-U-2.

SC-5-STM-U-3. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that many kinds of changes in the properties of substances occur faster when the temperature is higher. 6
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-STM-U-3.

SC-5-STM-U-4. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that when individual substances are combined, the total weight is equal to the sum of the individual weights. 5
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-STM-U-4.

SC-5-STM-U-5. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that results of investigations are seldom exactly the same, but if the results vary widely, then it is necessary to figure out why they differ. 18
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-STM-U-5.

SC-5-MF. Big Idea: Motion and Forces (Physical Science) - Whether observing airplanes, baseballs, planets, or people, the motion of all bodies is governed by the same basic rules. In the elementary years of conceptual development, students need multiple opportunities to experience, observe, and describe (in words and pictures) motion, including factors (pushing and pulling) that affect motion. (Academic Expectations 2.1, 2.2, 2.3)

SC-5-MF-U-1. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that predictions and/or inferences about the direction or speed of an object can be made by interpreting graphs, charts or descriptions of the objects motion. 3
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-MF-U-1.

SC-5-MF-U-2. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that the more mass an object has, the less effect a given force will have. 3
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-MF-U-2.

SC-5-MF-U-3. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that forces are pushes and pulls that may be invisible (e.g., gravity, magnetism) or visible (e.g., friction, collisions). 6
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-MF-U-3.

SC-5-MF-U-4. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that some comparisons may not be 'fair' because some conditions (e.g. mass, force, speed, friction) might not be the same. 3
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-MF-U-4.

SC-5-EU. Big Idea: Grade: The Earth and the Universe (Earth/Space Science) - The Earth system is in a constant state of change. These changes affect life on earth in many ways. Development of conceptual understandings about processes that shape the Earth begin at the elementary level with understanding what Earth materials are and that change occurs. At the heart of elementary students' initial understanding of the Earth's place in the universe is direct observation of the Earth-sun-moon system. Students can derive important conceptual understandings about the system as they describe interactions resulting in shadows, moon phases, and day and night. The use of models and observance of patterns to explain common phenomena is essential to building a conceptual foundation and supporting ideas with evidence at all levels. (Academic Expectations 2.1, 2.2, 2.5)

SC-5-EU-U-1. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that the earth's water supply has existed since the formation of the planet and is constantly cycled from the ocean to the atmosphere, allowing the same water to be endlessly reused without the creation of new water. 5
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-EU-U-1.

SC-5-EU-U-2. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that water is a powerful solvent that dissolves earth materials, allowing them to impact the ocean system as water is cycled into it. 5
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-EU-U-2.

SC-5-EU-U-3. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that the earth is surrounded by a blanket of air called the atmosphere that is essential to life because of some of the gasses it contains. 4
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-EU-U-3.

SC-5-EU-U-4. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that air is free to move from place to place all across the planet and this movement causes global weather patterns. Observing air movements helps scientists explain both global and local weather patterns. 20
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-EU-U-4.

SC-5-EU-U-5. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that observations, models and diagrams of the solar system illustrate the position and relationship of the earth, sun, and moon within the larger system of planets and other celestial bodies. Even though they are all parts of the same system, a comparison of their properties reveals great differences among celestial bodies. 22
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-EU-U-5.

SC-5-EU-U-6. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that technology extends the ability of people to understand the universe. Most tools of today are different than those of the past, but may also be modifications of much older tools. 11
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-EU-U-6.

SC-5-UD. Big Idea: Unity and Diversity (Biological Science) - All matter is comprised of the same basic elements, goes through the same kinds of energy transformations, and uses the same kinds of forces to move. Living organisms are no exception. Elementary students begin to observe the macroscopic features of organisms in order to make comparisons and classifications based upon likenesses and differences. Looking for patterns in the appearance and behavior of an organism leads to the notion that offspring are much like the parents, but not exactly alike. Emphasis at every level should be placed upon the understanding that while every living thing is composed of similar small constituents that combine in predictable ways, it is the subtle variations within these small building blocks that account for both the likenesses and differences in form and function that create the diversity of life. (Academic Expectations 2.1, 2.2, 2.3)

SC-5-UD-U-1. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that animals and plants have a great variety of body plans and internal structures that contribute to their being able to meet their needs. 21
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-UD-U-1.

SC-5-UD-U-2. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that organisms are composed of a variety of sub-systems that have essential functions. Organisms function with a minimum of superfluous parts because their structures are precisely suited to their essential functions. 17
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-UD-U-2.

SC-5-UD-U-3. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that microscopes make it possible to see that living things are made mostly of cells. Some organism's cells vary greatly in appearance and perform very different roles in the organism. 18
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-UD-U-3.

SC-5-BC. Big Idea: Biological Change (Biological Science) - The only thing certain is that everything changes. Elementary students build a foundational knowledge of change by observing slow and fast changes caused by nature in their own environment, noting changes that humans and other organisms cause in their environment, and observing fossils found in or near their environment. (Academic Expectations 2.1, 2.2, 2.8)

SC-5-BC-U-1. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that the gradual changes in organisms that have occurred over time are only accurately represented using a geologic time scale dating back to the formation of the earth. 2
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-BC-U-1.

SC-5-BC-U-2. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that sometimes differences in organisms give individuals an advantage in surviving and reproducing. Over many generations these adaptations have led to a wide variety of types of organisms. 13
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-BC-U-2.

SC-5-BC-U-3. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that successful organisms must be able to maintain the basic functions of life in response to normal environmental fluctuations (e.g. day/night, seasonal temperature changes, precipitation). However, an organism that has an advantage in a specific environment may not be able to survive if the environment changes too drastically. 4
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-BC-U-3.

SC-5-BC-U-4. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that scientific investigations may take many different forms, including observing what things are like or what is happening somewhere, collecting specimens for analysis, and doing experiments. The question being investigated determines the form of the investigation used. 18
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-BC-U-4.

SC-5-ET. Big Idea: Energy Transformations (Unifying Concepts) - Energy transformations are inherent in almost every system in the universe - from tangible examples at the elementary level, such as heat production in simple earth and physical systems to more abstract ideas beginning at middle school, such as those transformations involved in the growth, dying and decay of living systems. The use of models to illustrate the often invisible and abstract notions of energy transfer will aid in conceptualization, especially as students move from the macroscopic level of observation and evidence (primarily elementary school) to the microscopic interactions at the atomic level (middle and high school levels). (Academic Expectations 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.6)

SC-5-ET-U-1. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that energy can have many different forms and be contained in many different substances. Evidence of energy transfer may be observed in a wide variety of systems. 20
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-ET-U-1.

SC-5-ET-U-2. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that energy from the sun flows through space to reach the earth. Solar energy provides the driving force for many of the changes that happen on the Earth's surface. 5
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-ET-U-2.

SC-5-ET-U-3. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that electrical circuits transfer energy and can produce heat, light, sound, and magnetic effects. They can be used for different purposes by rearranging their components. 9
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-ET-U-3.

SC-5-ET-U-4. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that light interacts with matter in predictable ways that can be discovered through investigations. 3
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-ET-U-4.

SC-5-ET-U-5. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that in a closed system, warm objects will cool and cool objects will warm until they are all the same temperature. 7
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-ET-U-5.

SC-5-ET-U-6. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that if the results of an investigation are unexpected, it is good to make new observations. If those observations continue to be unexpected, different ideas should be considered to explain the results. 4
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-ET-U-6.

SC-5-I. Big Idea: Interdependence (Unifying Concepts) - It is not difficult for students to grasp the general notion that species depend on one another and on the environment for survival. But their awareness must be supported by knowledge of the kinds of relationships that exist among organisms, the kinds of physical conditions that organisms must cope with, the kinds of environments created by the interaction of organisms with one another and their physical surroundings, and the complexity of such systems. Elementary learners need to become acquainted with ecosystems that are easily observable to them by beginning to study the habitats of many types of local organisms. Students begin to investigate the survival needs of different organisms and how the environment affects optimum conditions for survival. (Academic Expectations 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.6)

SC-5-I-U-1. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that within every ecosystem are populations of organisms that serve specific functions. Changes to any population may affect the other populations in that ecosystem. 6
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-I-U-1.

SC-5-I-U-2. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that all of the populations that interact with each other in an ecosystem form a specific community, but there may be multiple communities within the same ecosystem. 6
Suggested Titles for Kentucky Science State Standard SC-5-I-U-2.

SC-5-I-U-3. Program of Studies: Understandings - Students will understand that matter and energy flow along multiple paths within a community. Complex models depicting this interdependence make these relationships easier to visualize and comprehend.