Arizona State Standards for Science: Grade 8

AZ.SC08-S1. Inquiry Process

SC08-S1C1. Observations, Questions, and Hypotheses: Formulate predictions, questions, or hypotheses based on observations. Locate appropriate resources.

SC08-S1C1-01. Formulate questions based on observations that lead to the development of a hypothesis. (See M08-S2C1-01). 3
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S1C1-01.

SC08-S1C1-02. Use appropriate research information, not limited to a single source, to use in the development of a testable hypothesis. (See W08-S3C6-01, R08-S3C1-06, and R08-S3C2-03). 33
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S1C1-02.

SC08-S1C1-03. Generate a hypothesis that can be tested. 3
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S1C1-03.

SC08-S1C2. Scientific Testing (Investigating and Modeling): Design and conduct controlled investigations.

SC08-S1C2-01. Demonstrate safe behavior and appropriate procedures (e.g., use and care of technology, materials, organisms) in all science inquiry. 3
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S1C2-01.

SC08-S1C2-02. Design a controlled investigation to support or reject a hypothesis. 3
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SC08-S1C2-03. Conduct a controlled investigation to support or reject a hypothesis. 3
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SC08-S1C2-04. Perform measurements using appropriate scientific tools (e.g., balances, microscopes, probes, micrometers). 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S1C2-04.

SC08-S1C2-05. Keep a record of observations, notes, sketches, questions, and ideas using tools such as written and/or computer logs. (See W08-S3C2-01 and W08-S3C3-01). 3
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S1C2-05.

SC08-S1C3. Analysis and Conclusions: Analyze and interpret data to explain correlations and results; formulate new questions.

SC08-S1C3-01. Analyze data obtained in a scientific investigation to identify trends. (See M08-S2C1-08). 3
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S1C3-01.

SC08-S1C3-02. Form a logical argument about a correlation between variables or sequence of events (e.g., construct a cause-and-effect chain that explains a sequence of events). 3
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S1C3-02.

SC08-S1C3-03. Interpret data that show a variety of possible relationships between two variables, including: positive relationship; negative relationship; no relationship. 3
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SC08-S1C3-04. Formulate a future investigation based on the data collected. 3
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SC08-S1C3-05. Explain how evidence supports the validity and reliability of a conclusion. 3
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SC08-S1C3-06. Identify the potential investigational error that may occur (e.g., flawed investigational design, inaccurate measurement, computational errors, unethical reporting). 3
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SC08-S1C3-07. Critique scientific reports from periodicals, television, or other media. 43
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SC08-S1C3-08. Formulate new questions based on the results of a previous investigation. 3
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S1C3-08.

SC08-S1C4. Communication: Communicate results of investigations.

SC08-S1C4-01. Communicate the results of an investigation. 3
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SC08-S1C4-02. Choose an appropriate graphic representation for collected data: line graph; double bar graph; stem and leaf plot; histogram (See M08-S2C1-03). 5
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S1C4-02.

SC08-S1C4-03. Present analyses and conclusions in clear, concise formats (See W08-S3C6-02). 3
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SC08-S1C4-04. Write clear, step-by-step instructions for conducting investigations or operating equipment (without the use of personal pronouns) (See W08-S3C3-01). 3
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S1C4-04.

SC08-S1C4-05. Communicate the results and conclusion of the investigation. (See W08-S3C6-02). 3
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AZ.SC08-S2. History and Nature of Science

SC08-S2C1. History of Science as a Human Endeavor: Identify individual, cultural, and technological contributions to scientific knowledge.

SC08-S2C1-01. Identify how diverse people and/or cultures, past and present, have made important contributions to scientific innovations (e.g., Watson and Crick [scientists], support Strand 4; Rosalind Franklin [scientist], supports Strand 4; Charles Darwin [scientist], supports Strand 4; George Washington Carver [scientist, inventor], supports Strand 4; Joseph Priestley [scientist], supports Strand 5; Sir Frances Bacon [philosopher], supports Strand 5; Isaac Newton [scientist], supports Strand 5). 84
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S2C1-01.

SC08-S2C1-02. Evaluate the effects of the following major scientific milestones on society: Mendelian Genetics; Newton's Laws. 2
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SC08-S2C1-03. Evaluate the impact of a major scientific development occurring within the past decade. 41
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SC08-S2C1-04. Evaluate career opportunities related to life and physical sciences. 64
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SC08-S2C2. Nature of Scientific Knowledge: Understand how science is a process for generating knowledge.

SC08-S2C2-01. Apply the following scientific processes to other problem solving or decision making situations: Observing; questioning; communicating; comparing; measuring; classifying; predicting; organizing data; inferring; generating hypotheses; identifying variables. 3
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SC08-S2C2-02. Describe how scientific knowledge is subject to change as new information and/or technology challenges prevailing theories. 77
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SC08-S2C2-03. Defend the principle that accurate record keeping, openness, and replication are essential for maintaining an investigator's credibility with other scientists and society. 57
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SC08-S2C2-04. Explain why scientific claims may be questionable if based on very small samples of data, biased samples, or samples for which there was no control. 3
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S2C2-04.

AZ.SC08-S3. Science in Personal and Social Perspectives

SC08-S3C1. Changes in Environments: Describe the interactions between human populations, natural hazards, and the environment.

SC08-S3C1-01. Analyze the risk factors associated with natural, human induced, and/or biological hazards, including: waste disposal of industrial chemicals; greenhouse gases. 68
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S3C1-01.

SC08-S3C1-02. Analyze possible solutions to address the environmental risks associated with chemicals and biological systems. 68
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SC08-S3C2. Science and Technology in Society: Develop viable solutions to a need or problem.

SC08-S3C2-01. Propose viable methods of responding to an identified need or problem. . 100
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SC08-S3C2-02. Compare solutions to best address an identified need or problem. 100
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SC08-S3C2-03. Design and construct a solution to an identified need or problem using simple classroom materials. . 3
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SC08-S3C2-04. Compare risks and benefits of the following technological advances: radiation treatments; genetic engineering (See Strand 4 Concept 2); airbags (See Strand 5 Concept 2). 28
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S3C2-04.

AZ.SC08-S4. Life Science

SC08-S4C1. Structure and Function in Living Systems: Understand the relationships between structures and functions of organisms.

SC08-S4C1-01. No performance objectives at this grade level.

SC08-S4C2. Reproduction and Heredity: Understand the basic principles of heredity.

SC08-S4C2-01. Explain the purposes of cell division: growth and repair; reproduction. 17
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SC08-S4C2-02. Explain the basic principles of heredity using the human examples of: eye color; widow's peak; blood type. 28
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SC08-S4C2-03. Distinguish between the nature of dominant and recessive traits in humans. 28
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SC08-S4C3. Populations of Organisms in an Ecosystem: Analyze the relationships among various organisms and their environment.

SC08-S4C3-01. No performance objectives at this grade level .

SC08-S4C4. Diversity, Adaptation, and Behavior: Identify structural and behavioral adaptations.

SC08-S4C4-01. Explain how an organism's behavior allows it to survive in an environment. 5
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S4C4-01.

SC08-S4C4-02. Describe how an organism can maintain a stable internal environment while living in a constantly changing external environment. 35
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SC08-S4C4-03. Determine characteristics of organisms that could change over several generations. 5
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SC08-S4C4-04. Compare the symbiotic and competitive relationships in organisms within an ecosystem (e.g., lichen, mistletoe/tree, clownfish/sea anemone, native/non-native species). 5
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S4C4-04.

SC08-S4C4-05. Analyze the following behavioral cycles of organisms: Hibernation; migration; dormancy (plants). 5
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SC08-S4C4-06. Describe the following factors that allow for the survival of living organisms: protective coloration; beak design; seed dispersal; pollination. 5
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S4C4-06.

AZ.SC08-S5. Physical Science

SC08-S5C1. Properties and Changes of Properties in Matter: Understand physical and chemical properties of matter.

SC08-S5C1-01. Identify different kinds of matter based on the following physical properties: States; density; boiling point; melting point; solubility. 8
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S5C1-01.

SC08-S5C1-02. Identify different kinds of matter based on the following chemical properties: Reactivity; pH; oxidation (corrosion). 8
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S5C1-02.

SC08-S5C1-03. Identify the following types of evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred: formation of a precipitate; generation of gas; color change; absorption or release of heat. 4
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SC08-S5C1-04. Classify matter in terms of elements, compounds, or mixtures. 8
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SC08-S5C1-05. Classify mixtures as being homogeneous or heterogeneous. 4
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SC08-S5C1-06. Explain the systematic organization of the periodic table. 9
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SC08-S5C1-07. Investigate how the transfer of energy can affect the physical and chemical properties of matter. 8
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SC08-S5C2. Motion and Forces: Understand the relationship between force and motion.

SC08-S5C2-01. Demonstrate velocity as the rate of change of position over time. 9
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SC08-S5C2-02. Identify the conditions under which an object will continue in its state of motion (Newton's 1st Law of Motion). 7
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SC08-S5C2-03. Describe how the acceleration of a body is dependent on its mass and the net applied force (Newton's 2nd Law of Motion). 9
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SC08-S5C2-04. Describe forces as interactions between bodies (Newton's 3rd Law of Motion). 9
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SC08-S5C2-05. Create a graph devised from measurements of moving objects and their interactions, including: position-time graphs; velocity-time graphs. 10
Suggested Titles for Arizona Science State Standard SC08-S5C2-05.

SC08-S5C3. Transfer of Energy: Understand that energy can be stored and transferred.

SC08-S5C3-01. No performance objectives at this grade level.

AZ.SC08-S6. Earth and Space Science

SC08-S6C1. Structure of the Earth: Describe the composition and interactions between the structure of the Earth and its atmosphere.

SC08-S6C1-01. No performance objectives at this grade level.

SC08-S6C2. Earth's Processes and Systems: Understand the processes acting on the Earth and their interaction with the Earth systems.

SC08-S6C2-01. No performance objectives at this grade level.

SC08-S6C3. Earth in the Solar System: Understand the relationships of the Earth and other objects in the solar system.

SC08-S6C3-01. No performance objectives at this grade level.