Alaska State Standards for Mathematics: Kindergarten

AK.A.N. Mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories: Numeration: Understand and use numeration.

[K] N-1. Demonstrating 1-1 correspondence (M1.1.1)

[K] N-2. Recognizing and counting whole numbers from 0-20 (M1.1.1)

[K] N-3. Writing and ordering whole numbers from 0-20 (M1.1.1)

[K] N-4. Counting whole numbers backwards from 10 to 0 (M1.1.1)

[K] N-5. Identifying ordinal position, first to the tenth (M1.1.4)

[K] N-6. Dividing an even numbered set of concrete objects (up to 20) into halves (M1.1.5)

[K] N-7. Identifying halves (M1.1.5)

[K] N-8. Identifying full, half full, and empty containers (M1.1.5)

[K] N-9. Recognizing (+), (-), and (=) signs (M1.1.3)

[K] N-10. Using objects or pictures to model addition and subtraction of whole numbers (M1.1.3)

[K] N-11. Using number lines or objects related to real situations (M1.1.3)

[K] N-12. Demonstrating skip counting by 2's, 5's, and 10's with support (M1.1.6)

AK.A.M. Mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories: Measurement: Select and use systems, units, and tools of measurement.

[K] MEA-1. Making comparisons between objects using concepts of big/little, long/short, large/small, more/less, same (M2.1.1)

[K] MEA-2. Identifying coins by name: penny, nickel, dime, and quarter (M2.1.5)

[K] MEA-3. Identifying instruments used to measure length, time, and temperature (M2.1.3)

[K] MEA-4. Naming in sequence the days of the week (M2.1.1)

[K] MEA-5. Telling time to the hour using analog and digital clocks (M2.1.4)

AK.A.E. Mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories: Estimation and Computation: Perform basic arithmetic functions, make reasoned estimates, and select and use appropriate methods or tools.

[K] E&C-1. Comparing the number of objects in different sets using more, less, same

[K] E&C-2. Estimating the number of objects in a given set as more or less than 10 (M3.1.1)

[K] E&C-3. Adding and subtracting whole numbers up to ten using manipulatives (M3.1.3)

AK.A.F. Mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories: Functions and Relationships: Represent, analyze, and use patterns, relations, and functions.

[K] F&R-1. Recognizing patterns found in common objects, sounds, and movements (M4.1.1)

[K] F&R-2. Identifying, sorting, and classifying objects by attribute and identifying objects that do not belong to a particular group (M4.1.1)

[K] F&R-3. Recognizing, identifying, and continuing simple patterns of color, shape, or size (M4.1.1)

[K] F&R-4. Adding or subtracting whole numbers to 10 using manipulatives to solve story problems (M4.1.4)

[K] F&R-5. Showing more, less, or equal to using objects (M4.1.4)

AK.A.G. Mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories: Geometry: Construct, transform, and analyze geometric figures.

[K] G-1. Sorting and classifying shapes according to similar attributes (M5.1.1)

[K] G-2. Describing objects using three attributes such as size, color, and shape (M5.1.1)

[K] G-3. Identifying triangle, circle, rectangle, and square (M5.1.1)

[K] G-4. Comparing geometric shapes (M5.1.3)

[K] G-5. Identifying positions of objects that are above, below, before, after, next to, in the middle of, in front of, behind... (M5.1.6)

[K] G-6. Drawing, copying, or describing triangles, squares, rectangles and circles (M5.1.7)

AK.A.S. Mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories: Statistics and Probability: Formulate questions, gather and interpret data, and make predictions.

[K] S&P-1. Constructing real graphs using concrete objects or pictographs with support (M6.1.1)

[K] S&P-2. Collecting and recording data with support (M6.1.1)

[K] S&P-3. Describing information from real graphs or pictographs (M6.1.2)

[K] S&P-4. Making simple predictions using events or repeated observations (M6.1.4)

AK.B.PS. Process skills and abilities: Problem Solving: Problem Solving: Understand and be able to select and use a variety of problem-solving strategies.

[K] PS-1. Solving simple problems using concrete objects (M7.1.2)

AK.C.PS. Process skills and abilities: Communication: Form and use appropriate methods to define and explain mathematical relationships.

[K] PS-2. Telling how objects were used to solve simple problems (M8.1.2)

AK.D.PS. Process skills and abilities: Reasoning: Use logic and reason to solve mathematical problems.

[K] PS-3. Explaining what makes sense (M9.1.3)

[K] PS-4. Drawing pictures that support simple mathematical statements (M9.1.2)

AK.E.PS. Process skills and abilities: Connections: Apply mathematical concepts and processes to situations within and outside of school.

[K] PS-5. Using real world context (i.e., self, friends, and family) (M10.1.2)

AK.M1. Numeration: A student should understand mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories. A student who meets the content standard should understand and use numeration, including numbers, number systems, counting numbers, whole numbers, integers, fractions, decimals, and percents; and irrationals and complex numbers.

M1.1.1. Read, write, order, count, and model one-to-one correspondence with whole numbers to 100.

M1.1.2. Use, model, and identify place value positions of 1's, 10's, and 100's.

M1.1.3. Model and explain the processes of addition and subtraction, describing the relationship between the operations.

M1.1.4. Select and use various representations of ordinal and cardinal numbers.

M1.1.5. Identify, model, and label simple fractions, describing and defining them as equal parts of a whole, a region, or a set.

M1.1.6. Identify, describe, and extend patterns inherent in the number system. Skip count by 2's, 5's, and 10's. Add and subtract by 10. Identify even and odd numbers.

M1.1.7. Demonstrate the commutative and identity properties of addition.

AK.M2. Measurement: A student should understand mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories. A student who meets the content standard should select and use appropriate systems, units, and tools of measurement, including estimation.

M2.1.1. Compare and order objects by various measurable attributes including calendar, temperature, length, weight, capacity, area, and volume.

M2.1.2. Compare objects to standard and non-standard units to identify objects that are greater than, less than, and equal to a given unit.

M2.1.3. Choose a unit of measure, estimate the length or weight of objects and then measure to check for reasonableness.

M2.1.4. Tell time to the nearest half hour, distinguishing between morning, afternoon, and evening.

M2.1.5. Identify coins, their value, and the value of given sets of coins.

AK.M3. Estimation and Computation: A student should understand mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories. A student who meets the content standard should perform basic arithmetic functions, make reasoned estimates, and select and use appropriate methods or tools for computation or estimation including mental arithmetic, paper and pencil, a calculator, and a computer.

M3.1.1. Make reasonable estimates of "how many" and "how much"; estimate the results of simple addition and subtraction problems.

M3.1.2. Recall and use basic addition and subtraction facts orally and with paper and pencil without a calculator.

M3.1.3. Add and subtract whole numbers to 100 using a variety of models and algorithms.

M3.1.4. Model multiplication as repeated addition and grouping objects; model division as "sharing equally" and grouping objects.

AK.M4. Functions and Relationships: A student should understand mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories. A student who meets the content standard should represent, analyze, and use mathematical patterns, relations, and functions using methods such as tables, equations, and graphs.

M4.1.1. Recognize, describe, create, and extend repeating and increasing patterns with a variety of materials including symbols, objects, and manipulatives.

M4.1.2. Generate and solve simple functions by identifying and applying addition and subtraction patterns.

M4.1.3. Use a calculator to find and extend patterns in the number system.

M4.1.4. Complete open space sentences with missing numbers; use appropriate vocabulary including greater than, less than, and equal to; and use the correct symbols.

AK.M5. Geometry: A student should understand mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories. A student who meets the content standard should construct, draw, measure, transform, compare, visualize, classify, and analyze the relationships among geometric figures.

M5.1.1. Identify, sort, describe, model, and compare circles, triangles, and rectangles including squares regardless of orientation.

M5.1.2. Identify, sort, describe, model, and compare solid figures including cubes, cylinders, and spheres.

M5.1.3. Identify and create examples of line symmetry; compare and describe given circles, triangles, and rectangles as larger, smaller, or congruent.

M5.1.4. Demonstrate conservation of area using drawings or manipulatives.

M5.1.5. Describe and identify geometric transformations including slides, flips, and turns.

M5.1.6. Use comparative directional and positional words: above, below, inside, outside, on, in, right and left, horizontal, vertical, and middle.

M5.1.7. Draw and build familiar shapes.

AK.M6. Statistics/Probability: A student should understand mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories. A student who meets the content standard should collect, organize, analyze, interpret, represent, and formulate questions about data and make reasonable and useful predictions about the certainty, uncertainty, or impossibility of an event.

M6.1.1. Collect, record, organize, display, and explain the classification of data.

M6.1.2. Describe data from a variety of visual displays including tallies, tables, pictographs, bar graphs, and Venn diagrams.

M6.1.3. Use the terms "maximum" and "minimum" when working with a data set.

M6.1.4. Find and record the possibilities of simple probability experiments; explain differences between chance and certainty, giving examples.

M6.1.5. Conduct a survey and tally the results.

AK.M7. Problem-Solving: A student should understand and be able to select and use a variety of problem-solving strategies. A student who meets the content standard should use computational methods and appropriate technology as problem-solving tools; use problem solving to investigate and understand mathematical content; formulate mathematical problems that arise from everyday situations; develop and apply strategies to solve a variety of problems; check the results against mathematical rules; use common sense to help interpret results; apply what was learned to new situations; and use mathematics with confidence.

M7.1.1. Formulate problems from practical and mathematical activities.

M7.1.2. Develop and apply strategies including guess and check, modeling and acting out, drawings, and extending patterns to solve a variety of problems.

M7.1.3. Predict an answer before solving a problem and compare results to check for reasonableness.

AK.M8. Communication: A student should understand and be able to form and use appropriate methods to define and explain mathematical relationships. A student who meets the content standard should express and represent mathematical ideas using oral and written presentations, physical materials, pictures, graphs, charts, and algebraic expressions; relate mathematical terms to everyday language; develop, test, and defend mathematical hypotheses; and clarify mathematical ideas through discussion with others.

M8.1.1. Translate problems from everyday language into math language and symbols.

M8.1.2. Use manipulatives, models, pictures, and language to represent and communicate mathematical ideas.

M8.1.3. Use everyday language to explain thinking about problem-solving strategies and solutions to problems.

AK.M9. Reasoning: A student should be able to use logic and reason to solve mathematical problems. A student who meets the content standard should analyze situations; draw logical conclusions; use models, known facts, and relationships to explain the student's reasoning; use deductive reasoning to verify conclusions, judge the validity of arguments, and construct valid arguments; and use inductive reasoning to recognize patterns and form mathematical propositions.

M9.1.1. Draw conclusions about mathematical problems.

M9.1.2. Find examples that support or refute mathematical statements.

M9.1.3. Explain why a prediction, estimation, or solution is reasonable.

AK.M10. Connections: A student should be able to apply mathematical concepts and processes to situations within and outside of school. A student who meets the content standard should explore problems and describe results using graphical, numerical, physical, algebraic, and verbal mathematical models or representations; use mathematics in daily life; and use mathematics in other curriculum areas.

M10.1.1. Apply mathematical skills and processes to literature.

M10.1.2. Apply mathematical skills and processes to situations with self and family.