Alaska State Standards for Mathematics: Grade 2

AK.A.N. Mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories: Numeration: Understand and use numeration.

[2] N-1. Reading, writing, ordering/counting and modeling correspondence of whole numbers (M1.1.1)

[2] N-2. Modeling and identifying place value positions: ones, tens, and hundreds (M1.1.2)

[2] N-3. Identifying fractions as equal parts of a whole, a region, or a set (M1.1.5)

[2] N-4. Reading and writing numerals for simple fractions (M1.1.5)

[2] N-5. Describing or illustrating the processes of addition and subtraction of whole numbers and their relationships (M1.1.3)

[2] N-6. Modeling or explaining the commutative and identity properties of addition (M1.1.7)

[2] N-7. identifying or using patterns in the number system (skip count by 2's, 5's, or 10's; add or subtract by 10; identify even or odd numbers) (M1.1.6)

[2] N-8. Modeling fact families (M1.1.3)

AK.A.M. Mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories: Measurement: Select and use systems, units, and tools of measurement.

[2] MEA-1. Measuring to the nearest inch or foot (M2.1.3)

[2] MEA-2. Comparing and ordering objects by length, weight, area, time, temperature (M2.1.1)

[2] MEA-3. Comparing objects to standard and nonstandard units to identify objects that are greater than, less than, and equal to a given unit (M2.1.2)

[2] MEA-4. Identifying coins, their value, or the value of a set of coins up to one dollar (M2.1.5)

[2] MEA-5. Selecting and using appropriate tools of measurement (M2.1.3)

[2] MEA-6. Drawing a line segment to the nearest half inch (M2.1.3)

[2] MEA-7. Telling time to the nearest 1/4 hour using analog and digital clocks (M2.1.4)

[2] MEA-8. Ordering the months of the year (M2.1.1)

[2] MEA-9. Writing the date using words and numbers (day, month, year) (M2.1.1)

[2] MEA-10. Counting change (coins) up to a dollar (M2.1.5)

[2] MEA-11. Recognizing money symbols including a decimal point ($, cents) (M2.1.5)

[2] MEA-12. Identifying equal values of coins up to a dollar (M2.1.5)

AK.A.E. Mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories: Estimation and Computation: Perform basic arithmetic functions, make reasoned estimates, and select and use appropriate methods or tools.

[2] E&C-1. Estimating ''how many'' and ''how much'' in a given set up to 30

[2] E&C-2. Estimating the results of simple addition and subtraction problems up to 100 (M3.1.1)

[2] E&C-3. Identifying whether estimation or counting is appropriate (M3.1.1)

[2] E&C-4. Recalling addition and subtraction facts to 20 (M3.1.2)

[2] E&C-5. Solving two-digit addition and subtraction problems using a variety of models and algorithms (M3.1.3)

[2] E&C-6. Using repeated addition with objects to model multiplication (M3.1.4)

[2] E&C-7. Using equal shares with objects to model division (M3.1.4)

AK.A.F. Mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories: Functions and Relationships: Represent, analyze, and use patterns, relations, and functions.

[2] F&R-1. Identifying and continuing patterns, including numbers (M4.1.1)

[2] F&R-2. Describing a rule or relation that determines and continues a sequence or pattern (M4.1.1)

[2] F&R-3. Solving a problem with an unknown (e.g., 7 + ? = 10) (M4.1.4)

[2] F&R-4. Using the terms equal to, greater than, and less than for numbers up to 100 (M4.1.4)

AK.A.G. Mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories: Geometry: Construct, transform, and analyze geometric figures.

[2] G-1. Describing attributes of a triangle, circle, square, and rectangle (M5.1.1)

[2] G-2. Identifying and classifying 3-dimensional shapes (e.g., cone, sphere and cylinder) (M5.1.1)

[2] G-3. Relating real-world examples to the ideas and concepts of geometry (M5.1.2)

[2] G-4. Constructing, comparing, classifying, and describing the relationship among geometric figures (M5.1.2)

[2] G-5. Creating simple shapes using concrete materials/manipulatives (M5.1.3)

[2] G-6. Identifying or drawing lines of symmetry for simple shapes (M5.1.3)

[2] G-7. Explaining the difference between perimeter and area (M5.1.4

[2] G-8. Determining perimeter and area of rectangular shapes using grid paper and/or manipulatives (M5.1.4

[2] G-9. Describing relative locations of objects using directional terms (inside, outside, right, left) (M5.1.6)

[2] G-10. Creating a simple map to show location of objects (M5.1.6)

[2] G-11. Drawing, copying, or describing a variety of shapes (M5.1.7)

AK.A.S. Mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories: Statistics and Probability: Formulate questions, gather and interpret data, and make predictions.

[2] S&P-1. Constructing a variety of graphs from realistic situations (M6.1.1)

[2] S&P-2. Collecting, recording, interpreting, and representing data in a variety of ways (M6.1.1)

[2] S&P-3. Describing data from a variety of graphs (e.g., newspapers, magazines, texts, computers, and other sources) (M6.1.2)

[2] S&P-4. Predicting, interpreting, and comparing data using events or repeated observations (M6.1.4)

[2] S&P-5. Recognizing the difference between chance and certainty (M6.1.4)

AK.B.PS. Process skills and abilities: Problem Solving: Problem Solving: Understand and be able to select and use a variety of problem-solving strategies.

[2] PS-1. Creating and solving a variety of problems using appropriate strategies (M7.1.1 & M7.1.2)

[2] PS-2. Choosing appropriate operations to solve a given problem (M7.1.2)

AK.C.PS. Process skills and abilities: Communication: Form and use appropriate methods to define and explain mathematical relationships.

[2] PS-3. Translating problems from everyday language into math language and symbols (+, -, =, <, >) (M8.1.1)

[2] PS-4. Using everyday language to explain thinking about problem solving strategies and solutions to problems (M8.1.3)

[2] PS-5. Using manipulatives, models, pictures, and language to represent and communicate mathematical ideas (M8.1.2)

AK.D.PS. Process skills and abilities: Reasoning: Use logic and reason to solve mathematical problems.

[2] PS-6. Explaining why a prediction, estimation, or solution is reasonable (M9.1.3)

[2] PS-7. Drawing pictures that support or refute mathematical statements (M9.1.2)

AK.E.PS. Process skills and abilities: Connections: Apply mathematical concepts and processes to situations within and outside of school.

[2] PS-8. Using real world context (e.g., self, friends, and family) (M10.1.2)

AK.M1. Numeration: A student should understand mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories. A student who meets the content standard should understand and use numeration, including numbers, number systems, counting numbers, whole numbers, integers, fractions, decimals, and percents; and irrationals and complex numbers.

M1.1.1. Read, write, order, count, and model one-to-one correspondence with whole numbers to 100.

M1.1.2. Use, model, and identify place value positions of 1's, 10's, and 100's.

M1.1.3. Model and explain the processes of addition and subtraction, describing the relationship between the operations.

M1.1.4. Select and use various representations of ordinal and cardinal numbers.

M1.1.5. Identify, model, and label simple fractions, describing and defining them as equal parts of a whole, a region, or a set.

M1.1.6. Identify, describe, and extend patterns inherent in the number system. Skip count by 2's, 5's, and 10's. Add and subtract by 10. Identify even and odd numbers.

M1.1.7. Demonstrate the commutative and identity properties of addition.

AK.M2. Measurement: A student should understand mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories. A student who meets the content standard should select and use appropriate systems, units, and tools of measurement, including estimation.

M2.1.1. Compare and order objects by various measurable attributes including calendar, temperature, length, weight, capacity, area, and volume.

M2.1.2. Compare objects to standard and non-standard units to identify objects that are greater than, less than, and equal to a given unit.

M2.1.3. Choose a unit of measure, estimate the length or weight of objects and then measure to check for reasonableness.

M2.1.4. Tell time to the nearest half hour, distinguishing between morning, afternoon, and evening.

M2.1.5. Identify coins, their value, and the value of given sets of coins.

AK.M3. Estimation and Computation: A student should understand mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories. A student who meets the content standard should perform basic arithmetic functions, make reasoned estimates, and select and use appropriate methods or tools for computation or estimation including mental arithmetic, paper and pencil, a calculator, and a computer.

M3.1.1. Make reasonable estimates of "how many" and "how much"; estimate the results of simple addition and subtraction problems.

M3.1.2. Recall and use basic addition and subtraction facts orally and with paper and pencil without a calculator.

M3.1.3. Add and subtract whole numbers to 100 using a variety of models and algorithms.

M3.1.4. Model multiplication as repeated addition and grouping objects; model division as "sharing equally" and grouping objects.

AK.M4. Functions and Relationships: A student should understand mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories. A student who meets the content standard should represent, analyze, and use mathematical patterns, relations, and functions using methods such as tables, equations, and graphs.

M4.1.1. Recognize, describe, create, and extend repeating and increasing patterns with a variety of materials including symbols, objects, and manipulatives.

M4.1.2. Generate and solve simple functions by identifying and applying addition and subtraction patterns.

M4.1.3. Use a calculator to find and extend patterns in the number system.

M4.1.4. Complete open space sentences with missing numbers; use appropriate vocabulary including greater than, less than, and equal to; and use the correct symbols.

AK.M5. Geometry: A student should understand mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories. A student who meets the content standard should construct, draw, measure, transform, compare, visualize, classify, and analyze the relationships among geometric figures.

M5.1.1. Identify, sort, describe, model, and compare circles, triangles, and rectangles including squares regardless of orientation.

M5.1.2. Identify, sort, describe, model, and compare solid figures including cubes, cylinders, and spheres.

M5.1.3. Identify and create examples of line symmetry; compare and describe given circles, triangles, and rectangles as larger, smaller, or congruent.

M5.1.4. Demonstrate conservation of area using drawings or manipulatives.

M5.1.5. Describe and identify geometric transformations including slides, flips, and turns.

M5.1.6. Use comparative directional and positional words: above, below, inside, outside, on, in, right and left, horizontal, vertical, and middle.

M5.1.7. Draw and build familiar shapes.

AK.M6. Statistics/Probability: A student should understand mathematical facts, concepts, principles, and theories. A student who meets the content standard should collect, organize, analyze, interpret, represent, and formulate questions about data and make reasonable and useful predictions about the certainty, uncertainty, or impossibility of an event.

M6.1.1. Collect, record, organize, display, and explain the classification of data.

M6.1.2. Describe data from a variety of visual displays including tallies, tables, pictographs, bar graphs, and Venn diagrams.

M6.1.3. Use the terms "maximum" and "minimum" when working with a data set.

M6.1.4. Find and record the possibilities of simple probability experiments; explain differences between chance and certainty, giving examples.

M6.1.5. Conduct a survey and tally the results.

AK.M7. Problem-Solving: A student should understand and be able to select and use a variety of problem-solving strategies. A student who meets the content standard should use computational methods and appropriate technology as problem-solving tools; use problem solving to investigate and understand mathematical content; formulate mathematical problems that arise from everyday situations; develop and apply strategies to solve a variety of problems; check the results against mathematical rules; use common sense to help interpret results; apply what was learned to new situations; and use mathematics with confidence.

M7.1.1. Formulate problems from practical and mathematical activities.

M7.1.2. Develop and apply strategies including guess and check, modeling and acting out, drawings, and extending patterns to solve a variety of problems.

M7.1.3. Predict an answer before solving a problem and compare results to check for reasonableness.

AK.M8. Communication: A student should understand and be able to form and use appropriate methods to define and explain mathematical relationships. A student who meets the content standard should express and represent mathematical ideas using oral and written presentations, physical materials, pictures, graphs, charts, and algebraic expressions; relate mathematical terms to everyday language; develop, test, and defend mathematical hypotheses; and clarify mathematical ideas through discussion with others.

M8.1.1. Translate problems from everyday language into math language and symbols.

M8.1.2. Use manipulatives, models, pictures, and language to represent and communicate mathematical ideas.

M8.1.3. Use everyday language to explain thinking about problem-solving strategies and solutions to problems.

AK.M9. Reasoning: A student should be able to use logic and reason to solve mathematical problems. A student who meets the content standard should analyze situations; draw logical conclusions; use models, known facts, and relationships to explain the student's reasoning; use deductive reasoning to verify conclusions, judge the validity of arguments, and construct valid arguments; and use inductive reasoning to recognize patterns and form mathematical propositions.

M9.1.1. Draw conclusions about mathematical problems.

M9.1.2. Find examples that support or refute mathematical statements.

M9.1.3. Explain why a prediction, estimation, or solution is reasonable.

AK.M10. Connections: A student should be able to apply mathematical concepts and processes to situations within and outside of school. A student who meets the content standard should explore problems and describe results using graphical, numerical, physical, algebraic, and verbal mathematical models or representations; use mathematics in daily life; and use mathematics in other curriculum areas.

M10.1.1. Apply mathematical skills and processes to literature.

M10.1.2. Apply mathematical skills and processes to situations with self and family.