West Virginia State Standards for Science: Grade 10

WV.SC.S.1. History and the Nature of Science: Students will demonstrate an understanding of the history of science and the evolvement of scientific knowledge; demonstrate an understanding of science as a human endeavor encompassing the contributions of diverse cultures and scientists; and demonstrate an understanding of the nature of science.

SC.10.1.1. Students will formulate scientific explanations based on historical observations and experimental evidence, accounting for variability in experimental results.

SC.10.1.2. Students will recognize that science has practical and theoretical limitations.

SC.10.1.3. Students will recognize that science is based on a set of observations in a testable framework that demonstrate basic laws that are consistent.

SC.10.1.4. Students will conclude that science is a blend of creativity, logic and mathematics.

SC.10.1.5. Students will trace the development of key historical concepts and principles describing their impact on modern thought and life by identifying the scientist's contributions.

WV.SC.S.2. Science as Inquiry: Students will demonstrate the abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry; demonstrate understanding about scientific inquiry; and demonstrate the ability to think and act as scientists by engaging in active inquiries, investigations and hands-on activities a minimum of 50% of the instructional time.

SC.10.2.1. Students will model and exhibit the skills, attitudes and-or values of scientific inquiry (e.g., curiosity, logic, objectivity, openness, skepticism, appreciation, diligence, integrity, ethical practice, fairness, creativity).

SC.10.2.2. Students will demonstrate ethical practices for science (e.g., established research protocol, accurate record keeping, replication of results and peer review).

SC.10.2.3. Students will apply scientific approaches to seek solutions for personal and societal issues.

SC.10.2.4. Students will properly and safely manipulate equipment, materials, chemicals, organisms and models.

SC.10.2.5. Students will conduct explorations in a variety of environments (e.g., laboratories, museums, libraries, parks and other outdoors locations).

SC.10.2.6. Students will use appropriate technology solutions (e.g., computer, CBL, probe interfaces, software) to measure and collect data; interpret data; analyze and-or report data; interact with simulations; conduct research; and present and communicate conclusions.

SC.10.2.7. Students will demonstrate science processes within a problem solving setting (e.g., observing, measuring, calculating, communicating, comparing, ordering, categorizing, classifying, relating, hypothesizing, predicting, inferring, considering alternatives, and applying).

SC.10.2.8. Students will design, conduct, evaluate and revise experiments (e.g., identify questions and concepts that guide investigations; design investigations; identify independent and dependent variables in experimental investigations; manipulate variables to extend experimental activities; use technology and mathematics to improve investigations and communications; formulate and revise scientific explanations and models using logic and evidence; recognize alternative explanations; communicate and defend a scientific argument.).

WV.SC.S.3. Unifying Themes: Students will demonstrate an understanding of interdependent themes present in the natural and designed world (e.g., systems, order and organization; evidence, models and explanation; constancy, change, and measurement; equilibrium and evolution; form and function); demonstrate the ability to identify, construct, test, analyze and evaluate systems, models and changes; and demonstrate the ability to draw conclusions about and predict changes in natural and designed systems.

SC.10.3.1. Students will analyze systems to understand the natural and designed world; use systems analysis to make predictions about behaviors in systems; recognize order in units of matter, objects or events.

SC.10.3.2. Students will apply evidence from models to make predictions about interactions and changes in systems.

SC.10.3.3. Students will measure changes in systems using graphs and equations relating these to rate, scale, patterns, trends and cycles.

SC.10.3.4. Students will understand that different characteristics, properties or relationships within a system might change as its dimensions are increased or decreased (e.g., scale up, scale down).

WV.SC.S.4. Science Subject Matter-Concepts: Students will demonstrate knowledge, understanding and applications of scientific facts, concepts, principles, theories and models as delineated in the objectives; demonstrate an understanding of the interrelationships among physics, chemistry, biology and the earth and space sciences; and apply knowledge, understanding and skills of science subject matter-concepts to daily life experiences.

SC.10.4.1. Students will demonstrate an understanding of the interconnections of biological, earth and space and physical science concepts.

SC.10.4.2. The Cell and Molecular Basis for Heredity: Students will identify and explain the structures and functions of cell organelles (e.g., Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles).

SC.10.4.3. The Cell and Molecular Basis for Heredity: Students will compare the variations in cells, tissues and organs of different organisms (e.g. endocrine, nervous, digestion and immune systems).

SC.10.4.4. The Cell and Molecular Basis for Heredity: Students will identify mechanisms for the movement of materials into and out of cells (e.g., active and passive transport, endo- and exocytosis).

SC.10.4.5. The Cell and Molecular Basis for Heredity: Students will explore the discovery of DNA and its structure by constructing a model to demonstrate the nucleotide bonding and the double helix structure.

SC.10.4.6. The Cell and Molecular Basis for Heredity: Students will relate the role of DNA analysis to genetic disorders, forensic science, molecular genetics, and biotechnology (e.g., protein synthesis, heredity, cell division, cellular functions).

SC.10.4.7. The Cell and Molecular Basis for Heredity: Students will review principles of genetics (e.g. number of chromosomes, mutations, crossover, Punnett squares, linkage).

SC.10.4.8. Evolution and Interdependence of Organisms: Students will compare the embryonic development of invertebrate and vertebrate animals (e.g., ontogeny and phylogeny, diversity, taxonomy).

SC.10.4.9. Evolution and Interdependence of Organisms: Students will construct and manipulate models which show variations in living things (e.g., nervous, endocrine, immune systems).

SC.10.4.10. Evolution and Interdependence of Organisms: Students will recognize that fossil records provide a scientific explanation for variation in the species and common ancestors.

SC.10.4.11. Evolution and Interdependence of Organisms: Students will relate the role of natural selection to the development, diversity and or extinction of a species.

SC.10.4.12. Matter, Energy, and 0rganization in Living Systems: Students will construct concept maps showing energy flow and cycles of matter between chemical and biological systems including photosynthesis, stored chemical energy, decomposition, carbon and nitrogen cycles.

SC.10.4.13. Matter, Energy, and 0rganization in Living Systems: Students will explain how the nervous, endocrine and immune systems work together in the human body.

SC.10.4.14. Matter, Energy, and 0rganization in Living Systems: Students will review the needs of growing plants and the environments supplying those needs.

SC.10.4.15. Matter, Energy, and 0rganization in Living Systems: Students will review factors that affect succession, populations and communities (e.g., use maps, graphs, charts, tables).

SC.10.4.16. Matter, Energy, and 0rganization in Living Systems: Students will trace matter and energy flow through the respiration processes of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and electron transport system (e.g., ATP, carbon, oxygen, water).

SC.10.4.17. Structure and Properties of Matter: Students will investigate the properties of solutions including density, conductivity, solubility, concentration, pH and colligative properties.

SC.10.4.18. Chemical Reaction: Students will differentiate between physical, chemical and nuclear changes and reactions.

SC.10.4.19. Energy: Students will investigate the relationships among temperature, pressure and volume in gases and interpret graphs that depict these relationships (e.g., Charles' Law, Boyle's Law, Gay-Lussac's Law).

SC.10.4.20. Energy: Students will investigate and measure changes in thermal energy in physical and chemical changes.

SC.10.4.21. Energy: Students will compare and contrast the characteristics and uses of waves in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum; calculate the frequency of a particular wavelength.

SC.10.4.22. Energy: Students will summarize the relationship between frequency and speed (e.g., Doppler effect).

SC.10.4.23. Energy: Students will qualitatively explain the relationship between electricity and magnetism and describe how electrical components of a circuit function.

SC.10.4.24. Energy: Students will qualitatively and quantitatively describe the conservation of energy (e.g., thermal, chemical, mechanical).

SC.10.4.25. Motions and Forces: Students will apply Newton's Laws of Motion depict the relationship among rate, force, momentum and time using kinematics graph and mathematical models.

SC.10.4.26. Motions and Forces: Students will describe and quantify how machines can provide mechanical advantages.

SC.10.4.27. Motions and Forces: Students will determine the effect of different forces on vibrating systems (e.g., pendulums, springs).

SC.10.4.28. Motions and Forces: Students will demonstrate qualitative and quantitative understanding of pressure in various systems (e.g., water pipes, circuits, blood vessels).

SC.10.4.29. Energy in the Earth System: Students will relate the characteristics and behavior of mechanical waves to earth processes (e.g., explain the formation of water waves as a function of wind velocity, duration, and fetch).

SC.10.4.30. Energy in the Earth System: Students will relate the cause of tides to their height and frequency.

SC.10.4.31. Energy in the Earth System: Students will investigate effects of geological events on weather and climate (e.g., ocean currents).

SC.10.4.32. Energy in the Earth System: Students will observe and describe the effects of water on the earth's surface (e.g., changes in particle size, slope, velocity).

SC.10.4.33. Energy in the Earth System: Students will investigate and compare theories of the source of the Earth's magnetic field and relate Earth's electromagnetic field to the dynamics of the magnetosphere.

SC.10.4.34. Energy in the Earth System: Students will discuss theories for the causes of plate tectonics.

SC.10.4.35. Geochemical Cycles: Students will discuss physical and chemical relationships between minerals in rock cycle.

SC.10.4.36. Origin and Evolution in the Earth Systems and Universe: Students will investigate fossils as evidence for evolution and indicators of paleo-environments.

SC.10.4.37. Origin and Evolution in the Earth Systems and Universe: Students will compare and contrast morphological features of fossils to present-day organisms.

SC.10.4.38. Origin and Evolution in the Earth Systems and Universe: Students will use fossil evidence to estimate the relative and absolute ages of rock layers.

SC.10.4.39. Origin and Evolution in the Earth Systems and Universe: Students will compare and contrast the characteristics of Earth and the other planets relative to their distance from the Sun.

SC.10.4.40. Origin and Evolution in the Earth Systems and Universe: Students will interpret apparent motion of constellations and their relationship to the rotation of the earth.

WV.SC.S.5. Scientific Design and Application: Students will demonstrate an understanding of the interdependence between science and technology; demonstrate the ability to distinguish between natural and man-made objects; demonstrate abilities of technological design; and demonstrate the ability to utilize technology to gather data and communicate designs, results and conclusions.

SC.10.5.1. Students will investigate and analyze the interdependence of science and technology.

SC.10.5.2. Students will research and design solutions to a personal or a societal problem created by technology.

SC.10.5.3. Students will compare and test modifications to an engineering design.

SC.10.5.4. Students will utilize technology to communicate designs, results and conclusions.

WV.SC.S.6. Science in Personal and Social Perspectives: Students will demonstrate the ability to evaluate personal and societal benefits when examining health, population, resource and environmental issues; demonstrate the ability to evaluate the impact of different points of view on health, population, resource and environmental practices; predict the long-term societal impact of specific health, population, resource and environmental practices; and demonstrate an understanding of public policy decisions as related to health, population, resource and environmental issues.

SC.10.6.1. Students will investigate the effects of natural phenomena on the habitat and habitat change.

SC.10.6.2. Students will research current environmental issues (e.g., depletion of fossil fuels, global warming, destruction of rainforest pollution).

SC.10.6.3. Students will describe the impact of cultural, technological, and economic influences on the evolving nature of scientific thought and knowledge.

SC.10.6.4. Students will explore occupational opportunities in science and technology including the academic preparation necessary.

SC.10.6.5. Students will engage in decision-making activities and actions to resolve science-technology-society issues.