Virginia State Standards for Social Studies: Grade 12
VA.GOVT.1.a. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate mastery of the social studies skills citizenship requires, including the ability to analyze primary and secondary source documents.
VA.GOVT.1.b. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate mastery of the social studies skills citizenship requires, including the ability to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and spreadsheets.
VA.GOVT.1.c. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate mastery of the social studies skills citizenship requires, including the ability to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media.
VA.GOVT.1.d. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate mastery of the social studies skills citizenship requires, including the ability to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information.
VA.GOVT.1.e. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate mastery of the social studies skills citizenship requires, including the ability to evaluate information for accuracy, separating fact from opinion.
VA.GOVT.1.f. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate mastery of the social studies skills citizenship requires, including the ability to identify a problem and prioritize solutions.
VA.GOVT.1.g. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate mastery of the social studies skills citizenship requires, including the ability to select and defend positions in writing, discussion, and debate.
VA.GOVT.2.a. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the political philosophies that shaped the development of Virginia and United States constitutional government by describing the development of Athenian democracy and the Roman republic.
GOVT.2.a.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the United States constitutional system incorporates democratic elements that were developed in Athens and Rome.
GOVT.2.a.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.2.a.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
GOVT.2.a.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.2.b. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the political philosophies that shaped the development of Virginia and United States constitutional government by explaining the influence of the Magna Carta, the English Petition of Rights, and the English Bill of Rights.
GOVT.2.b.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the United States constitutional system incorporated ideas from the Magna Carta, the English Petition of Rights, and the English Bill of Rights.
GOVT.2.b.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.2.b.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
GOVT.2.b.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.2.c. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the political philosophies that shaped the development of Virginia and United States constitutional government by examining the writings of Hobbes, Locke, and Montesquieu.
GOVT.2.c.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that principles of government and law developed by leading European political thinkers - Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Montesquieu - may be found in the Constitution of Virginia, the Declaration of Independence, and the Constitution of the United States of America.
GOVT.2.c.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.2.c.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret tables and charts. (GOVT.1b)
VA.GOVT.2.d. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the political philosophies that shaped the development of Virginia and United States constitutional government by explaining the guarantee of the rights of Englishmen set forth in the charters of the Virginia Company of London.
GOVT.2.d.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the charters of the Virginia Company of London extended the rights of Englishmen to the colonists.
GOVT.2.d.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
VA.GOVT.2.e. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the political philosophies that shaped the development of Virginia and United States constitutional government by analyzing the natural rights philosophies expressed in the Declaration of Independence.
GOVT.2.e.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the Declaration of Independence is an expression of natural rights philosophy.
GOVT.2.e.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.2.e.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret tables and charts. (GOVT.1b)
VA.GOVT.3.a. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the concepts of democracy by recognizing the fundamental worth and dignity of the individual.
GOVT.3.a.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that concepts of democracy define and shape the meaning of citizenship.
GOVT.3.a.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.3.a.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.3.b. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the concepts of democracy by recognizing the equality of all citizens under the law.
GOVT.3.b.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that concepts of democracy define and shape the meaning of citizenship.
GOVT.3.b.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.3.b.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.3.c. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the concepts of democracy by recognizing majority rule and minority rights.
GOVT.3.c.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that concepts of democracy define and shape the meaning of citizenship.
GOVT.3.c.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.3.c.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.3.d. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the concepts of democracy by recognizing the necessity of compromise.
GOVT.3.d.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that concepts of democracy define and shape the meaning of citizenship.
GOVT.3.d.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.3.d.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.3.e. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the concepts of democracy by recognizing the freedom of the individual.
GOVT.3.e.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that concepts of democracy define and shape the meaning of citizenship.
GOVT.3.e.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.3.e.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.4.a. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Constitution of the United States by examining the ratification debates and The Federalist.
GOVT.4.a.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the debates over ratification of the Constitution of the United States of America focused on power given to the national government.
GOVT.4.a.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.4.a.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
VA.GOVT.4.b. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Constitution of the United States by identifying the purposes for government stated in the Preamble.
GOVT.4.b.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the purpose of government is established in the Preamble of the Constitution of the United States of America.
GOVT.4.b.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
VA.GOVT.4.c. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Constitution of the United States by examining the fundamental principles upon which the Constitution of the United States is based, including the rule of law, consent of the governed, limited government, separation of powers, and federalism.
GOVT.4.c.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the Constitution of the United States of America is based on fundamental principles.
GOVT.4.c.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.4.c.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
VA.GOVT.4.d. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Constitution of the United States by illustrating the structure of the national government outlined in Article I, Article II, and Article III.
GOVT.4.d.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that Articles I, II, and III of the Constitution of the United States of America establish three co-equal branches of government.
GOVT.4.d.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
VA.GOVT.4.e. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Constitution of the United States by describing the amendment process.
GOVT.4.e.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the amendment process provides a way that the Constitution of the United States of America can remain responsive to the needs of a changing nation.
GOVT.4.e.2. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that to date, there have been 27 amendments to the original Constitution.
GOVT.4.e.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
VA.GOVT.5.a. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the federal system described in the Constitution of the United States by explaining the relationship of the state governments to the national government.
GOVT.5.a.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the Constitution of the United States of America provides for a federal system of government in which power is shared between the states and the national government.
GOVT.5.a.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.5.a.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.5.a.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.5.a.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
GOVT.5.a.6. Essential Skills: Students should be able to evaluate information for accuracy, separating fact from opinion. (GOVT.1e)
GOVT.5.a.7. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.5.b. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the federal system described in the Constitution of the United States by describing the extent to which power is shared.
GOVT.5.b.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the Constitution of the United States of America provides for a federal system of government in which power is shared between the states and the national government.
GOVT.5.b.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.5.b.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.5.b.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.5.b.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
GOVT.5.b.6. Essential Skills: Students should be able to evaluate information for accuracy, separating fact from opinion. (GOVT.1e)
GOVT.5.b.7. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.5.c. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the federal system described in the Constitution of the United States by identifying the powers denied state and national governments.
GOVT.5.c.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the Constitution of the United States of America provides for a federal system of government in which power is shared between the states and the national government.
GOVT.5.c.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.5.c.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.5.c.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.5.c.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
GOVT.5.c.6. Essential Skills: Students should be able to evaluate information for accuracy, separating fact from opinion. (GOVT.1e)
GOVT.5.c.7. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.5.d. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the federal system described in the Constitution of the United States by examining the ongoing debate that focuses on the balance of power between state and national governments.
GOVT.5.d.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the Constitution of the United States of America provides for a federal system of government in which power is shared between the states and the national government.
GOVT.5.d.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.5.d.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.5.d.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.5.d.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
GOVT.5.d.6. Essential Skills: Students should be able to evaluate information for accuracy, separating fact from opinion. (GOVT.1e)
GOVT.5.d.7. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.6.a. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of local, state, and national elections by describing the organization, role, and constituencies of political parties.
GOVT.6.a.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that political parties are organized to win elections.
GOVT.6.a.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.6.a.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.6.a.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
GOVT.6.a.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to evaluate information for accuracy, separating fact from opinion. (GOVT.1e)
GOVT.6.a.6. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.6.b. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of local, state, and national elections by describing the nomination and election process.
GOVT.6.b.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that at each level of government, candidates for elective office are chosen using a variety of nominating methods.
GOVT.6.b.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.6.b.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.6.b.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
VA.GOVT.6.c. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of local, state, and national elections by examining campaign funding and spending.
GOVT.6.c.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that running for political office is expensive.
GOVT.6.c.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.6.c.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.6.c.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to evaluate information for accuracy, separating fact from opinion. (GOVT.1e)
GOVT.6.c.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.6.d. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of local, state, and national elections by analyzing the influence of media coverage, campaign advertising, and public opinion polls.
GOVT.6.d.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that media coverage, campaign advertising, and opinion polls influence public opinions during a political campaign.
GOVT.6.d.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.6.d.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, charts, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.6.d.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.6.d.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to evaluate information for accuracy, separating fact from opinion. (GOVT.1e)
VA.GOVT.6.e. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of local, state, and national elections by examining the impact of reapportionment and redistricting.
GOVT.6.e.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that changes in population and resulting reapportionment have a political effect on legislative membership at the national, state, and local levels.
GOVT.6.e.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, charts, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.6.e.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.6.e.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.6.f. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of local, state, and national elections by identifying how amendments extend the right to vote.
GOVT.6.f.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America have extended the right of suffrage.
GOVT.6.f.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.6.f.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.6.f.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
VA.GOVT.6.g. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of local, state, and national elections by analyzing voter turnout.
GOVT.6.g.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the extent of engagement in a political campaign can be measured by voter turnout.
GOVT.6.g.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, charts, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.6.g.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.6.g.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.7.a. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the organization and powers of the national government by examining the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
GOVT.7.a.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the legislative branch is a bicameral body with committees playing a major role in the legislative process.
GOVT.7.a.2. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the Constitution of the United States of America grants both expressed and implied powers to the legislative branch.
GOVT.7.a.3. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the executive branch consists of the President, Vice President, and the federal bureaucracy.
GOVT.7.a.4. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the organization and powers of the judicial branch are derived from the Constitution of the United States of America and federal law.
GOVT.7.a.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.7.a.6. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, charts, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.7.a.7. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
VA.GOVT.7.b. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the organization and powers of the national government by analyzing the relationship between the three branches in a system of checks and balances.
GOVT.7.b.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that a constitutional system of checks and balances gives each of the three branches of government ways to limit the powers of the other branches.
GOVT.7.b.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.7.b.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.7.b.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.7.b.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.8.a. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the organization and powers of the state and local governments described in the Constitution of Virginia by examining the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
GOVT.8.a.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the Constitution of Virginia provides for legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
GOVT.8.a.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.8.a.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
VA.GOVT.8.b. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the organization and powers of the state and local governments described in the Constitution of Virginia by examining the structure and powers of local governments: county, city, and town.
GOVT.8.b.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that Virginia local governments vary in type, form of organization, and responsibilities.
GOVT.8.b.2. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that regional authorities are political subdivisions of the state and address needs that cross local government boundaries.
GOVT.8.b.3. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that responsible citizens can exert influence on the policymaking process at the local level.
GOVT.8.b.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.8.b.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.8.c. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the organization and powers of the state and local governments described in the Constitution of Virginia by analyzing the relationship among state and local governments.
GOVT.8.c.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the authority of local governments in Virginia is derived from the state.
GOVT.8.c.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.8.c.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.9.a. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the process by which public policy is made by examining different perspectives on the role of government.
GOVT.9.a.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that individuals have different opinions about the role of government in shaping public policy.
GOVT.9.a.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.9.a.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.9.a.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to evaluate information for accuracy, separating fact from opinion. (GOVT.1e)
VA.GOVT.9.b. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the process by which public policy is made by explaining how local, state, and national governments formulate public policy.
GOVT.9.b.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that public policy is shaped by the interaction of the participants in the policy process with the policy agenda.
GOVT.9.b.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, charts, and graphs. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.9.b.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.9.b.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to evaluate information for accuracy, separating fact from opinion. (GOVT.1e)
GOVT.9.b.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.9.c. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the process by which public policy is made by describing the process by which policy is implemented by the bureaucracy at each level.
GOVT.9.c.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that public policy is primarily implemented by bureaucracies at the national, state, and local levels.
GOVT.9.c.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.9.c.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.9.c.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.9.d. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the process by which public policy is made by analyzing how individuals, interest groups, and the media influence public policy.
GOVT.9.d.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that individuals, interest groups, and the media influence public policy.
GOVT.9.d.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.9.d.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.10.a. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the operation of the federal judiciary by explaining the jurisdiction of the federal courts.
GOVT.10.a.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the United States has a separate court system whose jurisdiction is derived from the Constitution of the United States of America and federal laws.
GOVT.10.a.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.10.a.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.10.a.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
VA.GOVT.10.b. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the operation of the federal judiciary by examining how John Marshall established the Supreme Court as an independent, co-equal branch of government through his opinions in Marbury v. Madison.
GOVT.10.b.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the United States Supreme Court gained recognition as an equal branch of government as a result of John Marshall's judicial strategy.
GOVT.10.b.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.10.b.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.10.b.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
VA.GOVT.10.c. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the operation of the federal judiciary by describing how the Supreme Court decides cases.
GOVT.10.c.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the Supreme Court hears cases and makes decisions based on the opinions of the majority.
GOVT.10.c.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.10.c.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to evaluate information for accuracy, separating fact from opinion. (GOVT.1e)
GOVT.10.c.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.10.d. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the operation of the federal judiciary by comparing the philosophies of judicial activism and judicial restraint.
GOVT.10.d.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that supporters of the philosophies of judicial activism and judicial restraint disagree regarding the role of the federal judiciary.
GOVT.10.d.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.10.d.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to evaluate information for accuracy, separating fact from opinion. (GOVT.1e)
GOVT.10.d.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.11.a. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of civil liberties and civil rights by examining the Bill of Rights, with emphasis on First Amendment freedoms.
GOVT.11.a.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the first ten amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America, known as the Bill of Rights, outline American civil liberties.
GOVT.11.a.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.11.a.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
GOVT.11.a.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.11.b. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of civil liberties and civil rights by analyzing due process of law expressed in the 5th and 14th Amendments.
GOVT.11.b.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the right to due process of law is outlined in the 5th and 14th Amendments of the Constitution of the United States of America.
GOVT.11.b.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.11.b.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.11.c. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of civil liberties and civil rights by explaining selective incorporation of the Bill of Rights.
GOVT.11.c.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the selective incorporation of the Bill of Rights through the 14th Amendment (due process of law clause) greatly enhances the protection of civil rights.
GOVT.11.c.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.11.c.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.11.d. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of civil liberties and civil rights by exploring the balance between individual liberties and the public interest.
GOVT.11.d.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the protection of civil liberties and civil rights, as guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States of America, is balanced by compelling public interest.
GOVT.11.d.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
VA.GOVT.11.e. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of civil liberties and civil rights by explaining every citizen's right to be treated equally under the law.
GOVT.11.e.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the equal protection guarantee of the 14th Amendment provides the basis for the safekeeping of civil rights.
GOVT.11.e.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.11.e.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.11.e.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.11.e.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to evaluate information for accuracy, separating fact from opinion. (GOVT.1e)
GOVT.11.e.6. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.12.a. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the role of the United States in a changing world by describing the responsibilities of the national government for foreign policy and national security.
GOVT.12.a.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that American foreign policy consists of the official positions and actions that the national government takes in its relationships with other countries.
GOVT.12.a.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.12.a.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.12.a.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.12.b. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the role of the United States in a changing world by assessing the role played by national interest in shaping foreign policy and promoting world peace.
GOVT.12.b.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that United States foreign policy priorities reflect American political values.
GOVT.12.b.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.12.b.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.12.c. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the role of the United States in a changing world by examining the relationship of Virginia and the United States to the global economy.
GOVT.12.c.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that total world production is greater when nations specialize in the production of those products that can be produced most efficiently.
GOVT.12.c.2. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the economies of Virginia and the United States depend on resources and markets around the world for the production and sale of goods and services.
GOVT.12.c.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.12.c.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.12.c.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.12.d. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the role of the United States in a changing world by examining recent foreign policy and international trade initiatives since 1980.
GOVT.12.d.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the United States continues to face challenges to its security and economic well-being in the post-Cold War era.
GOVT.12.d.2. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that in recent decades the national government has worked to reduce barriers to international trade.
GOVT.12.d.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.12.d.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.12.d.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.13.a. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of how governments in Mexico, Great Britain, and the People's Republic of China compare with government in the United States by describing the distribution of governmental power.
GOVT.13.a.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that governments organize their institutions to serve the fundamental purposes for which government is established.
GOVT.13.a.2. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that participation in the political process reflects the degree to which governmental power is limited.
GOVT.13.a.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.13.a.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.13.b. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of how governments in Mexico, Great Britain, and the People's Republic of China compare with government in the United States by explaining the relationship between the legislative and executive branches.
GOVT.13.b.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that governments organize their institutions to serve the fundamental purposes for which government is established.
GOVT.13.b.2. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that participation in the political process reflects the degree to which governmental power is limited.
GOVT.13.b.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.13.b.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.13.c. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of how governments in Mexico, Great Britain, and the People's Republic of China compare with government in the United States by comparing the extent of participation in the political process.
GOVT.13.c.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that governments organize their institutions to serve the fundamental purposes for which government is established.
GOVT.13.c.2. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that participation in the political process reflects the degree to which governmental power is limited.
GOVT.13.c.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.13.c.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.14.a. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of economic systems by identifying the basic economic questions encountered by all economic systems.
GOVT.14.a.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that every society must answer three basic economic questions.
GOVT.14.a.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.14.a.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.14.b. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of economic systems by comparing the characteristics of free market, command, and mixed economies, as described by Adam Smith and Karl Marx.
GOVT.14.b.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the type of economy is determined by the amount of government involvement in economic decision making.
GOVT.14.b.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.14.b.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
GOVT.14.b.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to evaluate information for accuracy, separating fact from opinion. (GOVT.1e)
GOVT.14.b.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.14.c. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of economic systems by evaluating the impact of the government's role in the economy on individual economic freedoms.
GOVT.14.c.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that maintaining freedom of choice in the marketplace is the basis of the free-enterprise system. Government plays a limited but important role in the protection of individual economic freedoms.
GOVT.14.c.2. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that individuals have the right to the basic economic freedoms enjoyed in a free market society. The government is responsible for protecting those freedoms.
GOVT.14.c.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.14.c.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.14.d. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of economic systems by explaining the relationship between economic freedom and political freedom.
GOVT.14.d.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that a strong relationship exists between the economic and political freedoms enjoyed by citizens of free and authoritarian nations.
GOVT.14.d.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
GOVT.14.d.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to evaluate information for accuracy, separating fact from opinion. (GOVT.1e)
GOVT.14.d.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.14.e. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of economic systems by examining productivity and the standard of living as measured by key economic indicators.
GOVT.14.e.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that formulation of economic policies requires an understanding of accurate measures of the economy's performance.
GOVT.14.e.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.14.e.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.15.a. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the United States market economy by assessing the importance of entrepreneurship, the profit motive, and economic independence to the promotion of economic growth.
GOVT.15.a.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the entrepreneur sees an economic need and tries to fill it.
GOVT.15.a.2. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that profit is an entrepreneur's reward for taking a risk and succeeding.
GOVT.15.a.3. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that entrepreneurs must have the freedom to start new business ventures but must accept the responsibilities of that freedom.
GOVT.15.a.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.15.a.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.15.a.6. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.15.b. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the United States market economy by comparing types of business organizations.
GOVT.15.b.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that there are three basic ways that businesses organize to earn profits.
GOVT.15.b.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.15.b.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
VA.GOVT.15.c. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the United States market economy by describing the factors of production.
GOVT.12.c.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the production of goods and services depends on four basic categories of resources which are interdependent in the production process.
GOVT.12.c.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret diagrams, tables, and charts. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.12.c.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
VA.GOVT.15.d. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the United States market economy by explaining the interaction of supply and demand.
GOVT.15.d.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the interaction of supply and demand in a market economy determines price.
GOVT.15.d.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.15.d.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
VA.GOVT.15.e. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the United States market economy by illustrating the circular flow of economic activity.
GOVT.15.e.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that households, firms, and government are interdependent in a market economy.
GOVT.15.e.2. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that resources, goods and services, and money constantly flow in a market economy.
GOVT.15.e.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, charts, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.15.e.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
GOVT.15.e.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.15.f. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the United States market economy by analyzing global economic trends, with emphasis on the impact of technological innovations.
GOVT.15.f.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the economy of the United States depends on resources and markets around the world for the production and sale of goods and services.
GOVT.15.f.2. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that total world production is greater when nations specialize in the production of those products that they can produce most efficiently.
GOVT.15.f.3. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that voluntary trade benefits all parties involved.
GOVT.15.f.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.15.f.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.15.f.6. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
GOVT.15.f.7. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.16.a. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the role of government in the Virginia and United States economies by analyzing the impact of fiscal and monetary policies on the economy.
GOVT.16.a.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that two major instruments for influencing economic activity are monetary and fiscal policies.
GOVT.16.a.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.16.a.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.16.a.4. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.16.a.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
GOVT.16.a.6. Essential Skills: Students should be able to evaluate information for accuracy, separating fact from opinion. (GOVT.1e)
GOVT.16.a.7. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.16.b. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the role of government in the Virginia and United States economies by describing the creation of public goods and services.
GOVT.16.b.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that many public goods and services would not be available if they were not provided by the government.
GOVT.16.b.2. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
GOVT.16.b.3. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.16.c. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the role of government in the Virginia and United States economies by examining environmental issues, property rights, contracts, consumer rights, labor-management relations, and competition in the marketplace.
GOVT.16.c.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that protecting the environment is a public service.
GOVT.16.c.2. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that property rights of an individual are relative and limited.
GOVT.16.c.3. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that contracts are legally binding.
GOVT.16.c.4. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that the United States government creates laws and agencies to regulate production and exchange activities, conduct research, and establish guidelines for consumer rights and safety. The government can also intervene in labor-management relations and can regulate competition in the marketplace.
GOVT.16.c.5. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze primary and secondary source documents. (GOVT.1a)
GOVT.16.c.6. Essential Skills: Students should be able to create and interpret maps, diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and spreadsheet. (GOVT.1b)
GOVT.16.c.7. Essential Skills: Students should be able to analyze political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and other graphic media. (GOVT.1c)
GOVT.16.c.8. Essential Skills: Students should be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. (GOVT.1d)
GOVT.16.c.9. Essential Skills: Students should be able to evaluate information for accuracy, separating fact from opinion. (GOVT.1e)
GOVT.16.c.10. Essential Skills: Students should be able to identify a problem and prioritize solutions. (GOVT.1f)
VA.GOVT.17.a. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of personal character traits that facilitate thoughtful and effective participation in civic life by practicing trustworthiness and honesty.
GOVT.17.a.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that thoughtful and effective participation in civic life depends upon the exercise of good citizenship.
VA.GOVT.17.b. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of personal character traits that facilitate thoughtful and effective participation in civic life by practicing courtesy and respect for the rights of others.
GOVT.17.b.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that thoughtful and effective participation in civic life depends upon the exercise of good citizenship.
VA.GOVT.17.c. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of personal character traits that facilitate thoughtful and effective participation in civic life by practicing responsibility, accountability, and self-reliance.
GOVT.17.c.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that thoughtful and effective participation in civic life depends upon the exercise of good citizenship.
VA.GOVT.17.d. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of personal character traits that facilitate thoughtful and effective participation in civic life by practicing respect for the law.
GOVT.17.d.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that thoughtful and effective participation in civic life depends upon the exercise of good citizenship.
VA.GOVT.17.e. Virginia and United States Government: The student will demonstrate knowledge of personal character traits that facilitate thoughtful and effective participation in civic life by practicing patriotism.
GOVT.17.e.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that thoughtful and effective participation in civic life depends upon the exercise of good citizenship.
VA.GOVT.18.a. Virginia and United States Government: The student will understand that thoughtful and effective participation in civic life is characterized by obeying the law and paying taxes.
GOVT.18.a.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that thoughtful and effective participation in civic life is essential to the nation's well-being.
VA.GOVT.18.b. Virginia and United States Government: The student will understand that thoughtful and effective participation in civic life is characterized by serving as a juror.
GOVT.18.b.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that thoughtful and effective participation in civic life is essential to the nation's well-being.
VA.GOVT.18.c. Virginia and United States Government: The student will understand that thoughtful and effective participation in civic life is characterized by participating in the political process.
GOVT.18.c.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that thoughtful and effective participation in civic life is essential to the nation's well-being.
VA.GOVT.18.d. Virginia and United States Government: The student will understand that thoughtful and effective participation in civic life is characterized by performing public service.
GOVT.18.d.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that thoughtful and effective participation in civic life is essential to the nation's well-being.
VA.GOVT.18.e. Virginia and United States Government: The student will understand that thoughtful and effective participation in civic life is characterized by keeping informed about current issues.
GOVT.18.e.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that thoughtful and effective participation in civic life is essential to the nation's well-being.
VA.GOVT.18.f. Virginia and United States Government: The student will understand that thoughtful and effective participation in civic life is characterized by respecting differing opinions in a diverse society.
GOVT.18.f.1. Essential Understandings: Students are expected to know that thoughtful and effective participation in civic life is essential to the nation's well-being.
GOVT.12 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the role of the United States in a changing world by
GOVT.12b) Assessing the role played by national interest in shaping foreign policy and promoting world peace;
GOVT.12d) Examining recent foreign policy and international trade initiatives since 1980.
GOVT.14 The student will demonstrate knowledge of economic systems by
GOVT.14b) Comparing the characteristics of free market, command, and mixed economies, as described by Adam Smith and Karl Marx;