Texas State Standards for Social Studies:

TX.113.2 (K.1) History: The student understands that holidays are celebrations of special events.

K.1. (A) Explain the reasons for national patriotic holidays such as Presidents' Day and Independence Day. 24
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.1. (A)

K.1. (B) Identify customs associated with national patriotic holidays such as parades and fireworks on Independence Day. 39
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.1. (B)

TX.113.2 (K.2) History: The student understands how historical figures and ordinary people helped to shape the community, state, and nation.

K.2. (A) Identify the contributions of historical figures such as Stephen F. Austin and George Washington who helped to shape our state and nation. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.2. (A)

K.2. (B) Identify ordinary people who have shaped the community. 1
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.2. (B)

TX.113.2 (K.3) History: The student understands the concept of chronology.

K.3. (A) Place events in chronological order. 21
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.3. (A)

K.3. (B) Use vocabulary related to time and chronology, including before, after, next, first, and last. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.3. (B)

TX.113.2 (K.4) Geography: The student understands the concept of location.

K.4. (A) Use terms, including over, under, near, far, left, and right, to describe relative location. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.4. (A)

K.4. (B) Locate places on the school campus and describe their relative locations. 15
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.4. (B)

TX.113.2 (K.5) Geography: The student understands the physical and human characteristics of the environment.

K.5. (A) Identify the physical characteristics of places such as landforms, bodies of water, natural resources, and weather. 52
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.5. (A)

K.5. (B) Identify the human characteristics of places such as types of houses and ways of earning a living. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.5. (B)

TX.113.2 (K.6) Economics: The student understands that basic human needs are met in many ways.

K.6. (A) Identify basic human needs. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.6. (A)

K.6. (B) Explain how basic human needs of food, clothing, and shelter can be met. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.6. (B)

TX.113.2 (K.7) Economics: The student understands the importance of jobs.

K.7. (A) Identify jobs in the home, school, and community. 32
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.7. (A)

K.7. (B) Explain why people have jobs. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.7. (B)

TX.113.2 (K.8) Government: The student understands the purpose of rules.

K.8. (A) Identify purposes for having rules. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.8. (A)

K.8. (B) Identify rules that provide order, security, and safety in the home and school. 26
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.8. (B)

TX.113.2 (K.9) Government: The student understands the role of authority figures.

K.9. (A) Identify authority figures in the home, school, and community. 19
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.9. (A)

K.9. (B) Explain how authority figures make and enforce rules. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.9. (B)

TX.113.2 (K.10) Citizenship: The student understands important customs, symbols, and celebrations that represent American beliefs and principles and contribute to our national identity.

K.10. (A) Identify the flags of the United States and Texas. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.10. (A)

K.10. (B) Recite the Pledge of Allegiance. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.10. (B)

K.10. (C) Explain the use of voting as a method for group decision-making. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.10. (C)

TX.113.2 (K.11) Culture: The student understands similarities and differences among people.

K.11. (A) Identify personal attributes common to all people such as physical characteristics. 32
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.11. (A)

K.11. (B) Identify differences among people. 65
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.11. (B)

TX.113.2 (K.12) Culture: The student understands how people learn about themselves through family customs and traditions.

K.12. (A) Identify family customs and traditions and explain their importance. 24
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.12. (A)

K.12. (B) Compare family customs and traditions. 25
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.12. (B)

K.12. (C) Describe customs of the local community. 22
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.12. (C)

TX.113.2 (K.13) Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands ways technology is used in the home and school.

K.13. (A) Identify examples of technology used in the home and school. 14
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.13. (A)

K.13. (B) Describe how technology helps accomplish specific tasks. 15
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.13. (B)

TX.113.2 (K.14) Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands ways in which technology has changed how people live.

K.14. (A) Describe how his or her life might be different without modern technology. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.14. (A)

K.14. (B) List ways in which technology meets people's needs. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.14. (B)

TX.113.2 (K.15) Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

K.15. (A) Obtain information about a topic using a variety of oral sources such as conversations, interviews, and music. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.15. (A)

K.15. (B) Obtain information about a topic using a variety of visual sources such as pictures, symbols, television, maps, computer images, print material, and artifacts. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.15. (B)

K.15. (C) Sequence and categorize information. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.15. (C)

K.15. (D) Identify main ideas from oral, visual, and print sources. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.15. (D)

TX.113.2 (K.16) Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in oral and visual forms.

K.16. (A) Express ideas orally based on knowledge and experiences. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.16. (A)

K.16. (B) Create and interpret visuals including pictures and maps. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.16. (B)

TX.113.2 (K.17) Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

K.17. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.17. (A)

K.17. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard K.17. (B)

TX.113.3 (1.1) History: The student understands how historical figures helped to shape our community, state, and nation.

1.1. (A) Identify contributions of historical figures such as Sam Houston and Abraham Lincoln who have influenced the community, state, and nation. 16
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.1. (A)

1.1. (B) Identify historic figures such as Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison who have exhibited a love of individualism and inventiveness. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.1. (B)

1.1. (C) Compare the similarities and differences among the lives and activities of historical figures who have influenced the community, state, and nation. 27
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.1. (C)

TX.113.3 (1.2) History: The student understands the origins of customs, holidays, and celebrations.

1.2. (A) Describe the origins of selected customs, holidays, and celebrations of the community, state, and nation such as Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Independence Day, and Veterans' Day. 28
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.2. (A)

1.2. (B) Compare the observance of holidays and celebrations, past and present. 15
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.2. (B)

1.2. (C) Identify anthems and mottoes of the United States and Texas. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.2. (C)

TX.113.3 (1.3) History: The student understands the concepts of time and chronology.

1.3. (A) Distinguish among past, present, and future. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.3. (A)

1.3. (B) Create a calendar or timeline. 34
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.3. (B)

1.3. (C) Use vocabulary related to chronology, including yesterday, today, and tomorrow. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.3. (C)

TX.113.3 (1.4) Geography: The student understands the relative location of places.

1.4. (A) Locate places using the four cardinal directions. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.4. (A)

1.4. (B) Describe the location of self and objects relative to other locations in the classroom and school. 18
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.4. (B)

TX.113.3 (1.5) Geography: The student understands the purpose of maps and globes.

1.5. (A) Create and use simple maps to identify the location of places in the classroom, school, community, and beyond. 24
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.5. (A)

1.5. (B) Locate places of significance on maps and globes such as the local community, Texas, and the United States. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.5. (B)

TX.113.3 (1.6) Geography: The student understands various physical and human characteristics of the environment.

1.6. (A) Identify and describe the physical characteristics of places such as landforms, bodies of water, natural resources, and weather. 86
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.6. (A)

1.6. (B) Identify examples of and uses for natural resources in the community, state, and nation. 51
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.6. (B)

1.6. (C) Identify and describe the human characteristics of places such as types of houses and ways of earning a living. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.6. (C)

TX.113.3 (1.7) Economics: The student understands the concepts of goods and services.

1.7. (A) Identify examples of goods and services in the home, school, and community. 24
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.7. (A)

1.7. (B) Identify ways people exchange goods and services. 12
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.7. (B)

1.7. (C) Identify the role of markets in the exchange of goods and services. 13
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.7. (C)

TX.113.3 (1.8) Economics: The student understands the condition of not being able to have all the goods and services one wants.

1.8. (A) Identify examples of people wanting more than they can have. 18
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.8. (A)

1.8. (B) Explain why wanting more than they can have requires that people make choices. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.8. (B)

1.8. (C) Identify examples of choices families make when buying goods and services. 12
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.8. (C)

TX.113.3 (1.9) Economics: The student understands the value of work.

1.9. (A) Describe the requirements of various jobs and the characteristics of a job well-performed. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.9. (A)

1.9. (B) Describe how specialized jobs contribute to the production of goods and services. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.9. (B)

TX.113.3 (1.10) Government: The student understands the purpose of rules and laws.

1.10. (A) Explain the need for rules and laws in the home, school, and community. 18
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.10. (A)

1.10. (B) Give examples of rules or laws that establish order, provide security, and manage conflict. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.10. (B)

TX.113.3 (1.11) Government: The student understands the role of authority figures and public officials.

1.11. (A) Identify leaders in the community, state, and nation. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.11. (A)

1.11. (B) Describe the roles of public officials including mayor, governor, and president. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.11. (B)

1.11. (C) Identify the responsibilities of authority figures in the home, school, and community. 64
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.11. (C)

TX.113.3 (1.12) Citizenship: The student understands characteristics of good citizenship as exemplified by historic figures and ordinary people.

1.12. (A) Identify characteristics of good citizenship such as a belief in justice, truth, equality, and responsibility for the common good. 27
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.12. (A)

1.12. (B) Identify historic figures such as Clara Barton, Nathan Hale, and Eleanor Roosevelt who have exemplified good citizenship. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.12. (B)

1.12. (C) Identify ordinary people who exemplify good citizenship and exhibit a love of individualism and inventiveness. 39
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.12. (C)

TX.113.3 (1.13) Citizenship: The student understands important customs, symbols, and celebrations that represent American beliefs and principles and contribute to our national identity.

1.13. (A) Explain selected national and state patriotic symbols such as the U.S. and Texas flags, the Liberty Bell, and the Alamo. 12
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.13. (A)

1.13. (B) Recite and explain the meaning of the Pledge of Allegiance and the Pledge to the Texas Flag. 13
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.13. (B)

1.13. (C) Use voting as a way of making choices and decisions. 15
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.13. (C)

1.13. (D) Explain how selected customs, symbols, and celebrations reflect an American love of individualism, inventiveness, and freedom. 22
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.13. (D)

TX.113.3 (1.14) Culture: The student understands how families meet basic human needs.

1.14. (A) Describe ways that families meet basic human needs. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.14. (A)

1.14. (B) Describe similarities and differences in ways families meet basic human needs. 45
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.14. (B)

TX.113.3 (1.15) Culture: The student understands the importance of family beliefs, customs, language, and traditions.

1.15. (A) Describe various beliefs, customs, and traditions of families and explain their importance. 46
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.15. (A)

1.15. (B) Retell stories from selected folktales and legends such as Aesop's fables. 53
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.15. (B)

TX.113.3 (1.16) Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands how technology has affected daily life, past and present.

1.16. (A) Describe how household tools and appliances have changed the ways families live. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.16. (A)

1.16. (B) Describe how technology has changed communication, transportation, and recreation. 84
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.16. (B)

1.16. (C) Describe how technology has changed the way people work. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.16. (C)

TX.113.3 (1.17) Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

1.17. (A) Obtain information about a topic using a variety of oral sources such as conversations, interviews, and music. 18
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.17. (A)

1.17. (B) Obtain information about a topic using a variety of visual sources such as pictures, graphics, television, maps, computer images, literature, and artifacts. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.17. (B)

1.17. (C) Sequence and categorize information. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.17. (C)

1.17. (D) Identify main ideas from oral, visual, and print sources. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.17. (D)

TX.113.3 (1.18) Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

1.18. (A) Express ideas orally based on knowledge and experiences. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.18. (A)

1.18. (B) Create visual and written material including pictures, maps, timelines, and graphs. 19
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.18. (B)

TX.113.3 (1.19) Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

1.19. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution. 15
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.19. (A)

1.19. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision. 13
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 1.19. (B)

TX.113.4 (2.1) History: The student understands the historical significance of landmarks and celebrations in the community, state, and nation.

2.1. (A) Explain the significance of various community, state, and national celebrations such as Memorial Day, Independence Day, and Thanksgiving. 22
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.1. (A)

2.1. (B) Identify and explain the significance of various community, state, and national landmarks such as the county courthouse and state and national capitol buildings. 14
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.1. (B)

TX.113.4 (2.2) History: The student understands the concepts of time and chronology.

2.2. (A) Describe the order of events by using designations of time periods such as ancient times and modern times. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.2. (A)

2.2. (B) Use vocabulary related to chronology, including past, present, and future. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.2. (B)

2.2. (C) Create and interpret timelines. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.2. (C)

2.2. (D) Describe and measure calendar time by days, weeks, months, and years. 15
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.2. (D)

TX.113.4 (2.3) History: The student understands how various sources provide information about the past.

2.3. (A) Name several sources of information about a given period or event. 22
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.3. (A)

2.3. (B) Compare various interpretations of the same time period using evidence such as photographs and interviews. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.3. (B)

TX.113.4 (2.4) History: The student understands how historical figures and ordinary people helped to shape our community, state, and nation.

2.4. (A) Identify contributions of historical figures such as Henrietta King and Thurgood Marshall who have influenced the community, state, and nation. 49
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.4. (A)

2.4. (B) Identify historic figures such as Amelia Earhart and Robert Fulton who have exhibited a love of individualism and inventiveness. 35
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.4. (B)

2.4. (C) Explain how local people and events have influenced local community history. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.4. (C)

TX.113.4 (2.5) Geography: The student uses simple geographic tools such as maps, globes, and photographs.

2.5. (A) Use symbols, find locations, and determine directions on maps and globes. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.5. (A)

2.5. (B) Draw maps to show places and routes. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.5. (B)

TX.113.4 (2.6) Geography: The student understands the locations and characteristics of places and regions.

2.6. (A) Identify major landforms and bodies of water, including continents and oceans, on maps and globes. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.6. (A)

2.6. (B) Locate the community, Texas, the United States, and selected countries on maps and globes. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.6. (B)

2.6. (C) Compare information from different sources about places and regions. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.6. (C)

TX.113.4 (2.7) Geography: The student understands how physical characteristics of places and regions affect people's activities and settlement patterns.

2.7. (A) Describe how weather patterns, natural resources, seasonal patterns, and natural hazards affect activities and settlement patterns. 89
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.7. (A)

2.7. (B) Explain how people depend on the physical environment and its natural resources to satisfy their basic needs. 16
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.7. (B)

TX.113.4 (2.8) Geography: The student understands how humans use and modify the physical environment.

2.8. (A) Identify ways in which people depend on the physical environment, including natural resources, to meet basic needs. 36
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.8. (A)

2.8. (B) Identify ways in which people have modified the physical environment such as building roads, clearing land for urban development, and mining coal. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.8. (B)

2.8. (C) Identify consequences of human modification of the physical environment such as the use of irrigation to improve crop yields. 47
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.8. (C)

2.8. (D) Identify ways people can conserve and replenish natural resources. 46
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.8. (D)

TX.113.4 (2.9) Economics: The student understands the importance of work.

2.9. (A) Explain how work provides income to purchase goods and services. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.9. (A)

2.9. (B) Explain the choices people in the U.S. free enterprise system can make about earning, spending, and saving money, and where to live and work. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.9. (B)

TX.113.4 (2.10) Economics: The student understands the roles of producers and consumers in the production of goods and services.

2.10. (A) Distinguish between producing and consuming. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.10. (A)

2.10. (B) Identify ways in which people are both producers and consumers. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.10. (B)

2.10. (C) Trace the development of a product from a natural resource to a finished product. 22
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.10. (C)

TX.113.4 (2.11) Government: The student understands the purpose of governments.

2.11. (A) Identify functions of governments. 12
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.11. (A)

2.11. (B) Identify some governmental services in the community such as libraries, schools, and parks and explain their value to the community. 34
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.11. (B)

2.11. (C) Describe how governments establish order, provide security, and manage conflict. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.11. (C)

TX.113.4 (2.12) Government: The student understands the role of public officials.

2.12. (A) Compare the roles of public officials including mayor, governor, and president. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.12. (A)

2.12. (B) Identify ways that public officials are selected, including election and appointment to office. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.12. (B)

TX.113.4 (2.13) Citizenship: The student understands characteristics of good citizenship as exemplified by historic figures and ordinary people.

2.13. (A) Identify characteristics of good citizenship such as a belief in justice, truth, equality, and responsibility for the common good. 26
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.13. (A)

2.13. (B) Identify historic figures such as Florence Nightingale, Paul Revere, and Sojourner Truth who have exemplified good citizenship. 55
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.13. (B)

2.13. (C) Identify ordinary people who exemplify good citizenship. 13
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.13. (C)

TX.113.4 (2.14) Citizenship: The student understands important customs, symbols, and celebrations that represent American beliefs and principles and contribute to our national identity.

2.14. (A) Identify selected patriotic songs such as America the Beautiful. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.14. (A)

2.14. (B) Identify selected symbols such as state and national birds and flowers and patriotic symbols such as the U.S. and Texas flags and Uncle Sam. 13
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.14. (B)

2.14. (C) Explain how selected customs, symbols, and celebrations reflect an American love of individualism, inventiveness, and freedom. 20
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.14. (C)

TX.113.4 (2.15) Culture: The student understands the significance of works of art in the local community.

2.15. (A) Identify selected stories, poems, statues, paintings, and other examples of the local cultural heritage. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.15. (A)

2.15. (B) Explain the significance of selected stories, poems, statues, paintings, and other examples of the local cultural heritage. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.15. (B)

TX.113.4 (2.16) Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands how science and technology have affected life, past and present.

2.16. (A) Describe how science and technology have changed communication, transportation, and recreation. 30
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.16. (A)

2.16. (B) Explain how science and technology have changed the ways in which people meet basic needs. 15
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.16. (B)

TX.113.4 (2.17) Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

2.17. (A) Obtain information about a topic using a variety of oral sources such as conversations, interviews, and music. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.17. (A)

2.17. (B) Obtain information about a topic using a variety of visual sources such as pictures, graphics, television, maps, computer software, literature, reference sources, and artifacts. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.17. (B)

2.17. (C) Use various parts of a source, including the table of contents, glossary, and index, as well as keyword computer searches, to locate information. 39
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.17. (C)

2.17. (D) Sequence and categorize information. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.17. (D)

2.17. (E) Interpret oral, visual, and print material by identifying the main idea, predicting, and comparing and contrasting. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.17. (E)

TX.113.4 (2.18) Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

2.18. (A) Express ideas orally based on knowledge and experiences. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.18. (A)

2.18. (B) Create written and visual material such as stories, poems, maps, and graphic organizers to express ideas. 45
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.18. (B)

TX.113.4 (2.19) Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

2.19. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution. 14
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.19. (A)

2.19. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision. 28
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 2.19. (B)

TX.113.5 (3.1) History: The student understands how individuals, events, and ideas have influenced the history of various communities.

3.1. (A) Describe how individuals, events, and ideas have changed communities over time. 12
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.1. (A)

3.1. (B) Identify individuals such as Pierre-Charles L'Enfant who have helped to shape communities. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.1. (B)

3.1. (C) Describe how individuals such as Christopher Columbus and Meriwether Lewis and William Clark have contributed to the expansion of existing communities or to the creation of new communities. 34
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.1. (C)

TX.113.5 (3.2) History: The student understands common characteristics of communities, past and present.

3.2. (A) Identify reasons people have formed communities, including a need for security, law, and material well-being. 22
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.2. (A)

3.2. (B) Compare ways in which people in the local community and communities around the world meet their needs for government, education, communication, transportation, and recreation, over time and in the present. 104
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.2. (B)

TX.113.5 (3.3) History: The student understands the concepts of time and chronology.

3.3. (A) Use vocabulary related to chronology, including ancient and modern times and past, present, and future times. 13
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.3. (A)

3.3. (B) Create and interpret timelines. 19
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.3. (B)

3.3. (C) Describe historical times in terms of years, decades, and centuries. 31
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.3. (C)

TX.113.5 (3.4) Geography: The student understands how humans adapt to variations in the physical environment.

3.4. (A) Describe and explain variations in the physical environment including climate, landforms, natural resources, and natural hazards. 108
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.4. (A)

3.4. (B) Compare how people in different communities adapt to or modify the physical environment. 13
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.4. (B)

3.4. (C) Describe the effects of physical and human processes in shaping the landscape. 85
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.4. (C)

3.4. (D) Identify and compare the human characteristics of selected regions. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.4. (D)

TX.113.5 (3.5) Geography: The student understands the concepts of location, distance, and direction on maps and globes.

3.5. (A) Use cardinal and intermediate directions to locate places such as the Amazon River, Himalayan Mountains, and Washington D.C. on maps and globes. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.5. (A)

3.5. (B) Use a scale to determine the distance between places on maps and globes. 16
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.5. (B)

3.5. (C) Identify and use the compass rose, grid, and symbols to locate places on maps and globes. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.5. (C)

3.5. (D) Draw maps of places and regions that contain map elements including a title, compass rose, legend, scale, and grid system. 16
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.5. (D)

TX.113.5 (3.6) Economics: The student understands the purposes of spending and saving money.

3.6. (A) Identify ways of earning, spending, and saving money. 20
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.6. (A)

3.6. (B) Analyze a simple budget that allocates money for spending and saving. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.6. (B)

TX.113.5 (3.7) Economics: The student understands the concept of an economic system.

3.7. (A) Define and identify examples of scarcity. 1
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.7. (A)

3.7. (B) Explain the impact of scarcity on the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. 22
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.7. (B)

3.7. (C) Explain the impact of scarcity on interdependence within and among communities. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.7. (C)

3.7. (D) Explain the concept of a free market. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.7. (D)

TX.113.5 (3.8) Economics: The student understands how businesses operate in the U.S. free enterprise system.

3.8. (A) Give examples of how a simple business operates. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.8. (A)

3.8. (B) Explain how supply and demand affects the price of a good or service. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.8. (B)

3.8. (C) Explain how the cost of production and selling price affect profits. 22
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.8. (C)

3.8. (D) Identify historic figures, such as Henry Ford, and ordinary people in the community who have started new businesses. 25
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.8. (D)

TX.113.5 (3.9) Government: The student understands the basic structure and functions of local government.

3.9. (A) Describe the basic structure of government in the local community. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.9. (A)

3.9. (B) Identify services commonly provided by local governments. 31
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.9. (B)

3.9. (C) Identify local government officials and explain how they are chosen. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.9. (C)

3.9. (D) Explain how local government services are financed. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.9. (D)

3.9. (E) Explain the importance of the consent of the governed to the functions of local government. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.9. (E)

TX.113.5 (3.10) Citizenship: The student understands characteristics of good citizenship as exemplified by historic figures and ordinary people.

3.10. (A) Identify characteristics of good citizenship such as a belief in justice, truth, equality, and responsibility for the common good. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.10. (A)

3.10. (B) Identify historic figures such as Jane Addams, Helen Keller, and Harriet Tubman who have exemplified good citizenship. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.10. (B)

3.10. (C) Identify and explain the importance of acts of civic responsibility, including obeying laws and voting. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.10. (C)

3.10. (D) Identify ordinary people who exemplify good citizenship. 14
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.10. (D)

TX.113.5 (3.11) Citizenship: The student understands the impact of individual and group decisions on communities in a democratic society.

3.11. (A) Give examples of community changes that result from individual or group decisions. 19
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.11. (A)

3.11. (B) Identify examples of actions individuals and groups can take to improve the community. 15
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.11. (B)

3.11. (C) Identify examples of nonprofit and/or civic organizations such as the Red Cross and explain how they serve the common good. 12
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.11. (C)

TX.113.5 (3.12) Culture: The student understands ethnic and/or cultural celebrations of the United States and other nations.

3.12. (A) Explain the significance of selected ethnic and/or cultural celebrations in Texas, the United States, and other nations such as St. Patrick's Day, Cinco de Mayo, and Kwanzaa. 108
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.12. (A)

3.12. (B) Compare ethnic and/or cultural celebrations in Texas, the United States, and other nations. 108
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.12. (B)

TX.113.5 (3.13) Culture: The student understands the role of real and mythical heroes in shaping the culture of communities, the state, and the nation.

3.13. (A) Identify the heroic deeds of state and national heroes such as Daniel Boone and Davy Crockett. 14
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.13. (A)

3.13. (B) Retell the heroic deeds of characters from American folktales and legends such as Pecos Bill and Paul Bunyan. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.13. (B)

3.13. (C) Retell the heroic deeds of characters of Greek and Roman myths. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.13. (C)

3.13. (D) Identify how selected fictional characters such as Robinson Crusoe created new communities. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.13. (D)

TX.113.5 (3.14) Culture: The student understands the importance of writers and artists to the cultural heritage of communities.

3.14. (A) Identify selected individual writers and artists and their stories, poems, statues, paintings, and other examples of cultural heritage from communities around the world. 28
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.14. (A)

3.14. (B) Explain the significance of selected individual writers and artists and their stories, poems, statues, paintings, and other examples of cultural heritage to communities around the world. 103
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.14. (B)

TX.113.5 (3.15) Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands how individuals have created or invented new technology and affected life in communities around the world, past and present.

3.15. (A) Identify scientists and inventors such as Louis Daguerre, Cyrus McCormick, Louis Pasteur, and Jonas Salk who have created or invented new technology. 52
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.15. (A)

3.15. (B) Identify the impact of new technology in photography, farm equipment, pasteurization, and medical vaccines on communities around the world. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.15. (B)

TX.113.5 (3.16) Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

3.16. (A) Obtain information, including historical and geographic data about the community, using a variety of print, oral, visual, and computer sources. 16
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.16. (A)

3.16. (B) Sequence and categorize information. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.16. (B)

3.16. (C) Interpret oral, visual, and print material by identifying the main idea, identifying cause and effect, and comparing and contrasting. 20
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.16. (C)

3.16. (D) Use various parts of a source, including the table of contents, glossary, and index, as well as keyword computer searches, to locate information. 25
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.16. (D)

3.16. (E) Interpret and create visuals including graphs, charts, tables, timelines, illustrations, and maps. 29
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.16. (E)

3.16. (F) Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs. 33
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.16. (F)

TX.113.5 (3.17) Social Studies Skills: The student communicates effectively in written, oral, and visual forms.

3.17. (A) Express ideas orally based on knowledge and experiences. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.17. (A)

3.17. (B) Create written and visual material such as stories, poems, pictures, maps, and graphic organizers to express ideas. 18
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.17. (B)

3.17. (C) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation. 51
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.17. (C)

TX.113.5 (3.18) Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

3.18. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution. 24
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.18. (A)

3.18. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision. 30
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 3.18. (B)

TX.113.6 (4.1) History: The student understands the similarities and differences of Native-American groups in Texas and the Western Hemisphere before European exploration.

4.1. (A) Identify Native-American groups in Texas and the Western Hemisphere before European exploration and describe the regions in which they lived. 27
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.1. (A)

4.1. (B) Compare the ways of life of Native-American groups in Texas and the Western Hemisphere before European exploration. 27
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.1. (B)

TX.113.6 (4.2) History: The student understands the causes and effects of European exploration and colonization of Texas and the Western Hemisphere.

4.2. (A) Summarize reasons for European exploration and settlement of Texas and the Western Hemisphere. 37
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.2. (A)

4.2. (B) Identify the accomplishments of significant explorers such as Cabeza de Vaca. Christopher Columbus. Francisco Coronado. Rene Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle and explain their impact on the settlement of Texas. 39
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.2. (B)

4.2. (C) Explain when, where, and why the Spanish established Catholic missions in Texas. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.2. (C)

4.2. (D) Identify the accomplishments of significant impresarios including Moses Austin, Stephen F. Austin, and Martin de Leon and explain their impact on the settlement of Texas. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.2. (D)

4.2. (E) Identify the impact of Mexico's independence from Spain on the events in Texas. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.2. (E)

TX.113.6 (4.3) History: The student understands the causes and effects of the Texas Revolution, the Republic of Texas, and the annexation of Texas to the United States.

4.3. (A) Analyze the causes, major events, and effects of the Texas Revolution, including the battles of the Alamo and San Jacinto. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.3. (A)

4.3. (B) Describe the successes and problems of the Republic of Texas. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.3. (B)

4.3. (C) Explain the events that led to the annexation of Texas to the United States. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.3. (C)

4.3. (D) Explain the impact of the Mexican War on Texas. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.3. (D)

4.3. (E) Identify leaders important to the founding of Texas as a republic and state, including Sam Houston, Mirabeau Lamar, and Anson Jones. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.3. (E)

TX.113.6 (4.4) History: The student understands the political, economic, and social changes in Texas during the last half of the 19th century.

4.4. (A) Describe the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Texas. 38
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.4. (A)

4.4. (B) Explain the growth and development of the cattle and oil industries. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.4. (B)

4.4. (C) Identify the impact of railroads on life in Texas, including changes to cities and major industries. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.4. (C)

4.4. (D) Describe the effects of political, economic, and social changes on Native Americans in Texas. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.4. (D)

TX.113.6 (4.5) History: The student understands important issues, events, and individuals of the 20th century in Texas.

4.5. (A) Identify the impact of various issues and events on life in Texas such as urbanization, increased use of oil and gas, and the growth of aerospace and other technology industries. 50
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.5. (A)

4.5. (B) Identify the accomplishments of notable individuals such as Henry Cisneros, Miriam A. Ferguson, Audie Murphy, Cleto Rodriguez, and John Tower. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.5. (B)

TX.113.6 (4.6) Geography: The student uses geographic tools to collect, analyze, and interpret data.

4.6. (A) Apply geographic tools, including grid systems, legends, symbols, scales, and compass roses, to construct and interpret maps. 21
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.6. (A)

4.6. (B) Translate geographic data into a variety of formats such as raw data to graphs and maps. 54
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.6. (B)

TX.113.6 (4.7) Geography: The student understands the concept of regions.

4.7. (A) Describe a variety of regions in Texas and the Western Hemisphere such as political, population, and economic regions that result from patterns of human activity. 44
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.7. (A)

4.7. (B) Describe a variety of regions in Texas and the Western Hemisphere such as landform, climate, and vegetation regions that result from physical characteristics. 57
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.7. (B)

4.7. (C) Compare the regions of Texas with regions of the United States and other parts of the world. 56
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.7. (C)

TX.113.6 (4.8) Geography: The student understands the location and patterns of settlement and the geographic factors that influence where people live.

4.8. (A) Identify clusters of settlement in Texas and explain their distribution. 29
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.8. (A)

4.8. (B) Explain patterns of settlement at different time periods in Texas. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.8. (B)

4.8. (C) Describe the location of cities in Texas and explain their distribution, past and present. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.8. (C)

4.8. (D) Explain the geographic factors that influence patterns of settlement and the distribution of population in Texas, past and present. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.8. (D)

TX.113.6 (4.9) Geography: The student understands how people adapt to and modify their environment.

4.9. (A) Describe ways people have adapted to and modified their environment in Texas, past and present. 12
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.9. (A)

4.9. (B) Identify reasons why people have adapted to and modified their environment in Texas, past and present, such as the use of natural resources to meet basic needs. 91
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.9. (B)

4.9. (C) Analyze the consequences of human modification of the environment in Texas, past and present. 83
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.9. (C)

TX.113.6 (4.10) Economics: The student understands the basic economic patterns of early societies in Texas and the Western Hemisphere.

4.10. (A) Explain the economic patterns of various early Native-American groups in Texas and the Western Hemisphere. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.10. (A)

4.10. (B) Explain the economic patterns of early European immigrants to Texas and the Western Hemisphere. 26
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.10. (B)

TX.113.6 (4.11) Economics: The student understands the reasons for exploration and colonization.

4.11. (A) Identify the economic motivations for European exploration and settlement in Texas and the Western Hemisphere. 91
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.11. (A)

4.11. (B) Identify the economic motivations for Anglo-American colonization in Texas. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.11. (B)

TX.113.6 (4.12) Economics: The student understands the characteristics and benefits of the free enterprise system in Texas.

4.12. (A) Describe the development of the free enterprise system in Texas. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.12. (A)

4.12. (B) Describe how the free enterprise system works in Texas. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.12. (B)

4.12. (C) Give examples of the benefits of the free enterprise system in Texas. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.12. (C)

TX.113.6 (4.13) Economics: The student understands patterns of work and economic activities in Texas.

4.13. (A) Explain how people in different regions of Texas earn their living, past and present. 44
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.13. (A)

4.13. (B) Explain how geographic factors have influenced the location of economic activities in Texas. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.13. (B)

4.13. (C) Analyze the effects of immigration, migration, and limited resources on the economic development and growth of Texas. 43
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.13. (C)

4.13. (D) Describe the impact of mass production, specialization, and division of labor on the economic growth of Texas. 20
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.13. (D)

4.13. (E) Explain how developments in transportation and communication have influenced economic activities in Texas. 44
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.13. (E)

4.13. (F) Explain the impact of American ideas about progress and equality of opportunity on the economic development and growth of Texas. 28
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.13. (F)

TX.113.6 (4.14) Economics: The student understands how Texas, the United States, and other parts of the world are economically interdependent.

4.14. (A) Identify ways in which technological changes have resulted in increased interdependence among Texas, the United States, and the world. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.14. (A)

4.14. (B) Identify oil and gas, agricultural, and technological products of Texas that are purchased to meet needs in the United States and around the world. 35
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.14. (B)

4.14. (C) Explain how Texans meet some of their needs through the purchase of products from the United States and the rest of the world. 14
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.14. (C)

TX.113.6 (4.15) Government: The student understands how people organized governments in different ways during the early development of Texas.

4.15. (A) Compare how selected Native-American groups governed themselves. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.15. (A)

4.15. (B) Identify characteristics of Spanish and Mexican colonial governments and their influence on inhabitants of Texas. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.15. (B)

TX.113.6 (4.16) Government: The student understands important ideas in historic documents of Texas.

4.16. (A) Identify the purposes and explain the importance of the Texas Declaration of Independence, the Texas Constitution, and the Treaty of Velasco. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.16. (A)

4.16. (B) Identify and explain the basic functions of the three branches of state government. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.16. (B)

TX.113.6 (4.17) Citizenship: The student understands important customs, symbols, and celebrations of Texas.

4.17. (A) Explain the meaning of selected patriotic symbols and landmarks of Texas, including the six flags over Texas, San Jose Mission, and the San Jacinto Monument. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.17. (A)

4.17. (B) Sing or recite Texas, Our Texas. 13
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.17. (B)

4.17. (C) Recite and explain the meaning of the Pledge to the Texas Flag. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.17. (C)

4.17. (D) Describe the origins and significance of state celebrations such as Texas Independence Day and Juneteenth. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.17. (D)

TX.113.6 (4.18) Citizenship: The student understands the importance of voluntary individual participation in the democratic process.

4.18. (A) Explain how individuals can participate voluntarily in civic affairs at state and local levels. 24
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.18. (A)

4.18. (B) Explain the role of the individual in state and local elections. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.18. (B)

4.18. (C) Identify the importance of historical figures such as Sam Houston, Barbara Jordan, and Lorenzo de Zavala who modeled active participation in the democratic process. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.18. (C)

4.18. (D) Explain how to contact elected and appointed leaders in state and local governments. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.18. (D)

TX.113.6 (4.19) Citizenship: The student understands the importance of effective leadership in a democratic society.

4.19. (A) Identify leaders in state and local governments, including the governor, selected members of the Texas Legislature, and Texans who have been President of the United States, and their political parties. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.19. (A)

4.19. (B) Identify leadership qualities of state and local leaders, past and present. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.19. (B)

TX.113.6 (4.20) Culture: The student understands the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to Texas.

4.20. (A) Identify the similarities and differences within and among selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups in Texas. 124
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.20. (A)

4.20. (B) Identify customs, celebrations, and traditions of various culture groups in Texas. 129
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.20. (B)

4.20. (C) Summarize the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups in the development of Texas. 23
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.20. (C)

TX.113.6 (4.21) Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands the impact of science and technology on life in Texas.

4.21. (A) Identify famous inventors and scientists such as Gail Borden, Joseph Glidden, and Patillo Higgins and their contributions. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.21. (A)

4.21. (B) Describe how scientific discoveries and technological innovations have benefited individuals, businesses, and society in Texas. 54
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.21. (B)

4.21. (C) Predict how future scientific discoveries and technological innovations might affect life in Texas. 53
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.21. (C)

TX.113.6 (4.22) Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

4.22. (A) Differentiate between, locate, and use primary and secondary sources such as computer software, interviews, biographies, oral, print, and visual material artifacts to acquire information about the United States and Texas. 50
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.22. (A)

4.22. (B) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions. 60
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.22. (B)

4.22. (C) Organize and interpret information in outlines, reports, databases, and visuals including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps. 83
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.22. (C)

4.22. (D) Identify different points of view about an issue or topic. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.22. (D)

4.22. (E) Identify the elements of frame of reference that influenced the participants in an event. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.22. (E)

4.22. (F) Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs. 31
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.22. (F)

TX.113.6 (4.23) Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

4.23. (A) Use social studies terminology correctly. 21
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.23. (A)

4.23. (B) Incorporate main and supporting ideas in verbal and written communication. 13
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.23. (B)

4.23. (C) Express ideas orally based on research and experiences. 57
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.23. (C)

4.23. (D) Create written and visual material such as journal entries, reports, graphic organizers, outlines, and bibliographies. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.23. (D)

4.23. (E) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation. 20
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.23. (E)

TX.113.6 (4.24) Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

4.24. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution. 21
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.24. (A)

4.24. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision. 21
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 4.24. (B)

TX.113.7 (5.1) History: The student understands the causes and effects of European colonization in the United States.

5.1. (A) Explain when, where, and why groups of people colonized and settled in the United States. 38
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.1. (A)

5.1. (B) Describe the accomplishments of significant colonial leaders such as Anne Hutchinson, William Penn, John Smith, and Roger Williams. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.1. (B)

TX.113.7 (5.2) History: The student understands how conflict between the American colonies and Great Britain led to American independence.

5.2. (A) Identify the contributions of significant individuals during the revolutionary period, including Thomas Jefferson and George Washington. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.2. (A)

5.2. (B) Analyze the causes and effects of events prior to and during the American Revolution such as the Boston Tea Party. 23
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.2. (B)

5.2. (C) Summarize the results of the American Revolution, including the establishment of the United States and the origins of U.S. military institutions. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.2. (C)

TX.113.7 (5.3) History: The student understands the events that led from the Articles of Confederation to the creation of the U.S. Constitution and the government it established.

5.3. (A) Identify the contributions of individuals including James Madison and Roger Sherman who helped create the U.S. Constitution. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.3. (A)

5.3. (B) Summarize the events that led to the creation of the U.S. Constitution. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.3. (B)

TX.113.7 (5.4) History: The student understands political, economic, and social changes that occurred in the United States during the 19th century.

5.4. (A) Identify changes in society resulting from the Industrial Revolution and explain how these changes led to conflict among sections of the United States. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.4. (A)

5.4. (B) Identify reasons people moved west. 16
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.4. (B)

5.4. (C) Identify examples of U.S. territorial expansion. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.4. (C)

5.4. (D) Describe the causes and effects of the Civil War. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.4. (D)

5.4. (E) Explain the reasons for and rights provided by the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the U.S. Constitution. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.4. (E)

5.4. (F) Explain how industry and the mechanization of agriculture changed the American way of life. 16
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.4. (F)

5.4. (G) Identify the challenges, opportunities, and contributions of people from selected Native-American and immigrant groups. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.4. (G)

TX.113.7 (5.5) History: The student understands important issues, events, and individuals of the 20th century in the United States.

5.5. (A) Analyze various issues and events of the 20th century such as urbanization, industrialization, increased use of oil and gas, world wars, and the Great Depression. 27
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.5. (A)

5.5. (B) Identify the accomplishments of notable individuals such as Carrie Chapman Catt, Dwight Eisenhower, Martin Luther King, Jr., Rosa Parks, Colin Powell, and Franklin D. Roosevelt who have made contributions to society in the areas of civil rights, women's rights, military actions, and politics. 13
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.5. (B)

TX.113.7 (5.6) Geography: The student uses geographic tools to collect, analyze, and interpret data.

5.6. (A) Apply geographic tools, including grid systems, legends, symbols, scales, and compass roses, to construct and interpret maps. 28
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.6. (A)

5.6. (B) Translate geographic data into a variety of formats such as raw data to graphs and maps. 28
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.6. (B)

TX.113.7 (5.7) Geography: The student understands the concept of regions.

5.7. (A) Describe a variety of regions in the United States such as political, population, and economic regions that result from patterns of human activity. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.7. (A)

5.7. (B) Describe a variety of regions in the United States such as landform, climate, and vegetation regions that result from physical characteristics. 42
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.7. (B)

5.7. (C) Locate the fifty states on a map and identify regions such as New England and the Great Plains made up of various groups of states. 28
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.7. (C)

TX.113.7 (5.8) Geography: The student understands the location and patterns of settlement and the geographic factors that influence where people live.

5.8. (A) Identify and describe the types of settlement and patterns of land use in the United States. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.8. (A)

5.8. (B) Describe clusters of settlement in the United States and explain their distribution. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.8. (B)

5.8. (C) Analyze the location of cities in the United States, including capital cities, and explain their distribution, past and present. 72
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.8. (C)

5.8. (D) Explain the geographic factors that influence patterns of settlement and the distribution of population in the United States, past and present. 23
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.8. (D)

TX.113.7 (5.9) Geography: The student understands how people adapt to and modify their environment.

5.9. (A) Describe ways people have adapted to and modified their environment in the United States, past and present. 53
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.9. (A)

5.9. (B) Identify reasons why people have adapted to and modified their environment in the United States, past and present, such as the use of human resources to meet basic needs. 38
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.9. (B)

5.9. (C) Analyze the consequences of human modification of the environment in the United States, past and present. 38
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.9. (C)

TX.113.7 (5.10) Economics: The student understands the basic economic patterns of early societies in the United States.

5.10. (A) Explain the economic patterns of various early Native-American groups in the United States. 31
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.10. (A)

5.10. (B) Explain the economic patterns of early European colonists. 16
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.10. (B)

TX.113.7 (5.11) Economics: The student understands the reasons for exploration and colonization.

5.11. (A) Identify the economic motivations for European exploration and settlement in the United States. 35
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.11. (A)

5.11. (B) Identify major industries of colonial America. 29
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.11. (B)

TX.113.7 (5.12) Economics: The student understands the characteristics and benefits of the free enterprise system in the United States.

5.12. (A) Describe the development of the free enterprise system in colonial America and the United States. 15
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.12. (A)

5.12. (B) Describe how the free enterprise system works in the United States. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.12. (B)

5.12. (C) Give examples of the benefits of the free enterprise system in the United States. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.12. (C)

TX.113.7 (5.13) Economics: The student understands the impact of supply and demand on consumers and producers in a free enterprise system.

5.13. (A) Explain how supply and demand affects consumers in the United States. 13
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.13. (A)

5.13. (B) Evaluate the effects of supply and demand on business, industry, and agriculture, including the plantation system, in the United States. 31
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.13. (B)

TX.113.7 (5.14) Economics: The student understands patterns of work and economic activities in the United States.

5.14. (A) Analyze how people in different parts of the United States earn a living, past and present. 35
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.14. (A)

5.14. (B) Identify and explain how geographic factors have influenced the location of economic activities in the United States. 35
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.14. (B)

5.14. (C) Analyze the effects of immigration, migration, and limited resources on the economic development and growth of the United States. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.14. (C)

5.14. (D) Describe the impact of mass production, specialization, and division of labor on the economic growth of the United States. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.14. (D)

5.14. (E) Analyze how developments in transportation and communication have influenced economic activities in the United States. 40
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.14. (E)

5.14. (F) Explain the impact of American ideas about progress and equality of opportunity on the economic development and growth of the United States. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.14. (F)

TX.113.7 (5.15) Government: The student understands how people organized governments in colonial America.

5.15. (A) Compare the systems of government of early European colonists. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.15. (A)

5.15. (B) Identify examples of representative government in the American colonies, including the Mayflower Compact and the Virginia House of Burgesses. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.15. (B)

TX.113.7 (5.16) Government: The student understands important ideas in the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

5.16. (A) Identify the purposes and explain the importance of the Declaration of Independence. 12
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.16. (A)

5.16. (B) Explain the purposes of the U.S. Constitution as identified in the Preamble to the Constitution. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.16. (B)

TX.113.7 (5.17) Government: The student understands the framework of government created by the U.S. Constitution.

5.17. (A) Identify and explain the basic functions of the three branches of government. 12
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.17. (A)

5.17. (B) Identify the reasons for and describe the system of checks and balances outlined in the U.S. Constitution. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.17. (B)

5.17. (C) Distinguish between national and state governments and compare their responsibilities in the U.S. federal system. 23
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.17. (C)

TX.113.7 (5.18) Citizenship: The student understands important customs, symbols, and celebrations that represent American beliefs and principles and contribute to our national identity.

5.18. (A) Explain selected patriotic symbols and landmarks such as the Statue of Liberty and the White House and political symbols such as the donkey and elephant. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.18. (A)

5.18. (B) Sing or recite The Star-Spangled Banner and explain its history. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.18. (B)

5.18. (C) Recite and explain the meaning of the Pledge of Allegiance. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.18. (C)

5.18. (D) Describe the origins and significance of national celebrations such as Memorial Day, Labor Day, and Columbus Day. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.18. (D)

TX.113.7 (5.19) Citizenship: The student understands the importance of individual participation in the democratic process.

5.19. (A) Explain how individuals can participate in civic affairs and political parties at the national level. 25
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.19. (A)

5.19. (B) Analyze the role of the individual in national elections. 25
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.19. (B)

5.19. (C) Identify significant individuals such as Cesar Chavez and Benjamin Franklin who modeled active participation in the democratic process. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.19. (C)

5.19. (D) Explain how to contact elected and appointed leaders in the national governments. 14
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.19. (D)

TX.113.7 (5.20) Citizenship: The student understands the importance of effective leadership in a democratic society.

5.20. (A) Identify leaders in the national governments, including the president and selected members of Congress, and their political parties. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.20. (A)

5.20. (B) Identify and compare leadership qualities of national leaders, past and present. 39
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.20. (B)

TX.113.7 (5.21) Citizenship: The student understands the fundamental rights of American citizens guaranteed in the Bill of Rights and other amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

5.21. (A) Summarize the reasons for the creation of the Bill of Rights. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.21. (A)

5.21. (B) Describe important individual rights including freedom of religion, speech, and press and the right to assemble and petition the government. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.21. (B)

5.21. (C) Describe important due process rights including trial by jury and the right to an attorney. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.21. (C)

5.21. (D) Summarize selected amendments to the U.S. Constitution such as those that extended voting rights of U.S. citizens. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.21. (D)

TX.113.7 (5.22) Culture: The student understands the relationship between the arts and the times during which they were created.

5.22. (A) Identify significant examples of art, music, and literature from various periods in U.S. history. 34
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.22. (A)

5.22. (B) Explain how examples of art, music, and literature reflect the times during which they were created. 38
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.22. (B)

TX.113.7 (5.23) Culture: The student understands the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to the United States.

5.23. (A) Identify the similarities and differences within and among selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups in the United States. 51
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.23. (A)

5.23. (B) Describe customs, celebrations, and traditions of selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups in the United States. 55
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.23. (B)

5.23. (C) Summarize the contributions of people of selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups to our national identity. 44
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.23. (C)

TX.113.7 (5.24) Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands the impact of science and technology on life in the United States.

5.24. (A) Describe the contributions of famous inventors and scientists such as Neil Armstrong, John J. Audubon, Benjamin Banneker, Clarence Birdseye, George Washington Carver, Thomas Edison, and Carl Sagan. 20
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.24. (A)

5.24. (B) Identify how scientific discoveries and technological innovations such as the transcontinental railroad, the discovery of oil, and the rapid growth of technology industries have advanced the economic development of the United States. 21
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.24. (B)

5.24. (C) Explain how scientific discoveries and technological innovations in the fields of medicine, communication, and transportation have benefited individuals and society in the United States. 38
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.24. (C)

5.24. (D) Analyze environmental changes brought about by scientific discoveries and technological innovations such as air conditioning and fertilizers. 57
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.24. (D)

5.24. (E) Predict how future scientific discoveries and technological innovations could affect life in the United States. 49
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.24. (E)

TX.113.7 (5.25) Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

5.25. (A) Differentiate between, locate, and use primary and secondary sources such as computer software, interviews, biographies, oral, print, and visual material artifacts to acquire information about the United States and Texas. 80
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.25. (A)

5.25. (B) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.25. (B)

5.25. (C) Organize and interpret information in outlines, reports, databases, and visuals including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps. 47
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.25. (C)

5.25. (D) Identify different points of view about an issue or topic. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.25. (D)

5.25. (E) Identify the elements of frame of reference that influenced the participants in an event. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.25. (E)

5.25. (F) Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs. 30
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.25. (F)

TX.113.7 (5.26) Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

5.26. (A) Use social studies terminology correctly. 28
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.26. (A)

5.26. (B) Incorporate main and supporting ideas in verbal and written communication. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.26. (B)

5.26. (C) Express ideas orally based on research and experiences. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.26. (C)

5.26. (D) Create written and visual material such as journal entries, reports, graphic organizers, outlines, and bibliographies. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.26. (D)

5.26. (E) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation. 26
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.26. (E)

TX.113.7 (5.27) Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

5.27. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.27. (A)

5.27. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 5.27. (B)

TX.113.22 (6.1) History: The student understands that historical events influence contemporary events.

6.1. (A) Describe characteristics of selected contemporary societies such as Bosnia and Northern Ireland that resulted from historical events or factors such as invasion, conquests, colonization, immigration, and trade. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.1. (A)

6.1. (B) Analyze the historical background of selected contemporary societies to evaluate relationships between past conflicts and current conditions. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.1. (B)

TX.113.22 (6.2) History: The student understands the contributions of individuals and groups from various cultures to selected historical and contemporary societies.

6.2. (A) Explain the significance of individuals or groups from selected societies, past and present. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.2. (A)

6.2. (B) Describe the influence of individual and group achievement on selected historical or contemporary societies. 13
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.2. (B)

TX.113.22 (6.3) Geography: The student uses maps, globes, graphs, charts, models, and databases to answer geographic questions.

6.3. (A) Create thematic maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases depicting various aspects of world regions and countries such as population, disease, and economic activities. 22
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.3. (A)

6.3. (B) Pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and patterns for selected world regions and countries shown on maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases. 28
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.3. (B)

6.3. (C) Compare selected world regions and countries using data from maps, graphs, charts, databases, and models. 29
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.3. (C)

TX.113.22 (6.4) Geography: The student understands the characteristics and relative locations of major historical and contemporary societies.

6.4. (A) Locate major historical and contemporary societies on maps and globes. 42
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.4. (A)

6.4. (B) Identify and explain the geographic factors responsible for patterns of population in places and regions. 21
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.4. (B)

6.4. (C) Explain ways in which human migration influences the character of places and regions. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.4. (C)

6.4. (D) Identify and explain the geographic factors responsible for the location of economic activities in places and regions. 13
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.4. (D)

TX.113.22 (6.5) Geography: The student understands how geographic factors influence the economic development, political relationships, and policies of societies.

6.5. (A) Explain factors such as location, physical features, transportation corridors and barriers, and distribution of natural resources that influence the economic development and foreign policies of societies. 59
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.5. (A)

6.5. (B) Identify geographic factors that influence a society's ability to control territory and that shape the domestic and foreign policies of the society. 27
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.5. (B)

TX.113.22 (6.6) Geography: The student understands the impact of physical processes on patterns in the environment.

6.6. (A) Describe and explain how physical processes such as erosion, ocean circulation, and earthquakes have resulted in physical patterns on Earth's surface. 21
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.6. (A)

6.6. (B) Describe and explain the physical processes that produce renewable and nonrenewable natural resources such as fossil fuels, fertile soils, and timber. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.6. (B)

6.6. (C) Analyze the effects of physical processes and the physical environment on humans. 64
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.6. (C)

TX.113.22 (6.7) Geography: The student understands the impact of interactions between people and the physical environment on the development of places and regions.

6.7. (A) Identify and analyze ways people have adapted to the physical environment in selected places and regions. 22
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.7. (A)

6.7. (B) Identify and analyze ways people have modified the physical environment. 44
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.7. (B)

6.7. (C) Describe ways in which technology influences human capacity to modify the physical environment. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.7. (C)

TX.113.22 (6.8) Economics: The student understands the various ways in which people organize economic systems.

6.8. (A) Compare ways in which various societies organize the production and distribution of goods and services. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.8. (A)

6.8. (B) Identify and differentiate among traditional, market, and command economies in selected contemporary societies, including the benefits of the U.S. free enterprise system. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.8. (B)

6.8. (C) Explain the impact of scarcity on international trade and economic interdependence among societies. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.8. (C)

TX.113.22 (6.9) Economics: The student understands the role factors of production play in a society's economy.

6.9. (A) Describe ways in which factors of production (natural resources, labor, capital, and entrepreneurs) influence the economies of selected contemporary societies. 45
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.9. (A)

6.9. (B) Identify problems and issues that may arise when one or more of the factors of production is in relatively short supply. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.9. (B)

TX.113.22 (6.10) Economics: The student understands categories of economic activities and the means used to measure a society's economic level.

6.10. (A) Define and give examples of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary industries. 27
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.10. (A)

6.10. (B) Describe and measure levels of economic development using various indicators such as individual purchasing power, life expectancy, and literacy. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.10. (B)

TX.113.22 (6.11) Government: The student understands the concepts of limited governments, such as constitutional and democratic governments, and unlimited governments, such as totalitarian and nondemocratic governments.

6.11. (A) Describe characteristics of limited and unlimited governments. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.11. (A)

6.11. (B) Identify examples of limited and unlimited governments. 31
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.11. (B)

6.11. (C) Identify reasons for limiting the power of government. 23
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.11. (C)

6.11. (D) Compare limited and unlimited governments. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.11. (D)

TX.113.22 (6.12) Government: The student understands alternative ways of organizing governments.

6.12. (A) Identify alternative ways of organizing governments such as rule by one, few, or many. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.12. (A)

6.12. (B) Identify examples of governments with rule by one, few, or many. 31
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.12. (B)

6.12. (C) Identify historical origins of democratic forms of government. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.12. (C)

6.12. (D) Compare how governments function in selected world societies such as China, Germany, India, and Russia. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.12. (D)

TX.113.22 (6.13) Citizenship: The student understands that the nature of citizenship varies among societies.

6.13. (A) Describe roles and responsibilities of citizens in selected contemporary societies including the United States. 15
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.13. (A)

6.13. (B) Explain how opportunities for citizens to participate in and influence the political process vary among selected contemporary societies. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.13. (B)

6.13. (C) Compare the role of citizens in the United States with the role of citizens from selected democratic and nondemocratic contemporary societies. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.13. (C)

TX.113.22 (6.14) Citizenship: The student understands the relationship among individual rights, responsibilities, and freedoms in democratic societies.

6.14. (A) Identify and explain the importance of voluntary civic participation in democratic societies. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.14. (A)

6.14. (B) Explain relationships among rights and responsibilities in democratic societies. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.14. (B)

TX.113.22 (6.15) Culture: The student understands the similarities and differences within and among cultures in different societies.

6.15. (A) Define the concepts of culture and culture region. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.15. (A)

6.15. (B) Describe some traits that define cultures. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.15. (B)

6.15. (C) Analyze the similarities and differences among selected world societies. 63
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.15. (C)

6.15. (D) Identify and explain examples of conflict and cooperation between and among cultures within selected societies such as Belgium, Canada, and Rwanda. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.15. (D)

TX.113.22 (6.16) Culture: The student understands that certain institutions are basic to all societies, but characteristics of these institutions may vary from one society to another.

6.16. (A) Identify institutions basic to all societies, including government, economic, educational, and religious institutions. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.16. (A)

6.16. (B) Compare characteristics of institutions in selected contemporary societies. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.16. (B)

TX.113.22 (6.17) Culture: The student understands relationships that exist among world cultures.

6.17. (A) Explain aspects that link or separate cultures and societies. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.17. (A)

6.17. (B) Explain the impact of political boundaries that cut across culture regions. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.17. (B)

6.17. (C) Analyze how culture traits spread. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.17. (C)

6.17. (D) Explain why cultures borrow from each other. 19
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.17. (D)

6.17. (E) Evaluate how cultural borrowing affects world cultures. 19
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.17. (E)

6.17. (F) Evaluate the consequences of improved communication among cultures. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.17. (F)

TX.113.22 (6.18) Culture: The student understands the relationship that exists between artistic, creative, and literary expressions and the societies that produce them.

6.18. (A) Explain the relationships that exist between societies and their architecture, art, music, and literature. 24
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.18. (A)

6.18. (B) Relate ways in which contemporary expressions of culture have been influenced by the past. 1
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.18. (B)

6.18. (C) Describe ways in which societal issues influence creative expressions. 25
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.18. (C)

6.18. (D) Identify examples of art, music, and literature that have transcended the boundaries of societies and convey universal themes. 25
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.18. (D)

TX.113.22 (6.19) Culture: The student understands the relationships among religion, philosophy, and culture.

6.19. (A) Explain the relationship among religious ideas, philosophical ideas, and cultures. 23
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.19. (A)

6.19. (B) Explain the significance of religious holidays and observances such as Christmas and Easter, Ramadan, and Yom Kippur and Rosh Hashanah in selected contemporary societies. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.19. (B)

TX.113.22 (6.20) Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands the relationships among science and technology and political, economic, and social issues and events.

6.20. (A) Give examples of scientific discoveries and technological innovations, including the roles of scientists and inventors, that have transcended the boundaries of societies and have shaped the world. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.20. (A)

6.20. (B) Explain how resources, belief systems, economic factors, and political decisions have affected the use of technology from place to place, culture to culture, and society to society. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.20. (B)

6.20. (C) Make predictions about future social, economic, and environmental consequences that may result from future scientific discoveries and technological innovations. 44
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.20. (C)

TX.113.22 (6.21) Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

6.21. (A) Differentiate between, locate, and use primary and secondary sources such as computer software, interviews, biographies, oral, print, and visual material artifacts to acquire information about selected world cultures. 18
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.21. (A)

6.21. (B) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions. 48
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.21. (B)

6.21. (C) Organize and interpret information from outlines, reports, databases, and visuals including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.21. (C)

6.21. (D) Identify different points of view about an issue or topic. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.21. (D)

6.21. (E) Identify the elements of frame of reference that influenced participants in an event. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.21. (E)

6.21. (F) Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs. 22
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.21. (F)

TX.113.22 (6.22) Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

6.22. (A) Use social studies terminology correctly. 19
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.22. (A)

6.22. (B) Incorporate main and supporting ideas in verbal and written communication. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.22. (B)

6.22. (C) Express ideas orally based on research and experiences. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.22. (C)

6.22. (D) Create written and visual material such as journal entries, reports, graphic organizers, outlines, and bibliographies. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.22. (D)

6.22. (E) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.22. (E)

TX.113.22 (6.23) Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

6.23. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.23. (A)

6.23. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 6.23. (B)

7.1. (A) Identify the major eras in Texas history and describe their defining characteristics. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.1. (A)

7.1. (B) Apply absolute and relative chronology through the sequencing of significant individuals, events, and time periods. 21
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.1. (B)

7.1. (C) Explain the significance of the following dates: 1519, 1718, 1821, 1836, 1845, and 1861. 16
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.1. (C)

7.2. (A) Compare the cultures of Native Americans in Texas prior to European colonization.

7.2. (B) Identify important individuals, events, and issues related to European exploration and colonization of Texas, including the establishment of Catholic missions. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.2. (B)

7.2. (C) Identify the contributions of significant individuals including Moses Austin, Stephen F. Austin, and Juan Seguin during the colonization of Texas. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.2. (C)

7.2. (D) Identify the impact of the Mexican federal Constitution of 1824 on events in Texas. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.2. (D)

7.2. (E) Trace the development of events that led to the Texas Revolution, including the Law of April 6, 1830, the Turtle Bayou Resolutions, and the arrest of Stephen F. Austin. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.2. (E)

7.2. (F) Contrast Spanish and Anglo purposes for and methods of settlement in Texas. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.2. (F)

7.3. (A) Explain the roles played by significant individuals during the Texas Revolution, including George Childress, Lorenzo de Zavala, James Fannin, Sam Houston, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, and William B. Travis. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.3. (A)

7.3. (B) Explain the issues surrounding significant events of the Texas Revolution, including the battle of Gonzales, the siege of the Alamo, the convention of 1836, Fannin's surrender at Goliad, and the battle of San Jacinto. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.3. (B)

7.4. (A) Identify individuals, events, and issues during the Republic of Texas and early Texas statehood, including annexation, Sam Houston, Anson Jones, Mirabeau B. Lamar, problems of the Republic of Texas, the Texas Rangers, the Mexican War, and the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.4. (A)

7.4. (B) Analyze the causes of and events leading to Texas statehood. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.4. (B)

7.5. (A) Explain reasons for the involvement of Texas in the Civil War. 14
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.5. (A)

7.5. (B) Analyze the political, economic, and social effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction in Texas. 13
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.5. (B)

7.6. (A) Identify significant individuals, events, and issues from Reconstruction through the beginning of the 20th century, including the factors leading to the expansion of the Texas frontier, the effects of westward expansion on Native Americans, the development of the cattle industry from its Spanish beginnings, the myth and realities of the cowboy way of life, the effects of the growth of railroads, the buffalo soldiers, James Hogg, Cynthia Parker, and Spindletop. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.6. (A)

7.6. (B) Explain the political, economic, and social impact of the cattle and oil industries and the development of West Texas resulting from the close of the frontier. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.6. (B)

7.7. (A) Define the impact of 'boom and bust' and trace the boom-and-bust cycle of leading Texas industries throughout the 20th century, including farming, oil and gas, cotton, cattle ranching, real estate, and banking. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.7. (A)

7.7. (B) Evaluate the Progressive and other reform movements in Texas in the 19th and 20th centuries. 20
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.7. (B)

7.7. (C) Trace the civil rights and equal rights movements of various groups in Texas in the 20th century and identify key leaders in these movements, including James Farmer, Hector P. Garcia, Oveta Culp Hobby, and Lyndon B. Johnson. 27
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.7. (C)

7.7. (D) Analyze the political, economic, and social impact of major wars, including World War I and World War II, on the history of Texas. 58
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.7. (D)

7.7. (E) Trace the emergence of the two-party system in Texas during the second half of the 20th century. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.7. (E)

7.8. (A) Create thematic maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases representing various aspects of Texas during the 19th and 20th centuries. 30
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.8. (A)

7.8. (B) Pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and patterns in Texas during the 19th and 20th centuries. 30
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.8. (B)

7.9. (A) Locate places and regions of importance in Texas during the 19th and 20th centuries. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.9. (A)

7.9. (B) Compare places and regions of Texas in terms of physical and human characteristics. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.9. (B)

7.9. (C) Analyze the effects of physical and human factors such as climate, weather, landforms, irrigation, transportation, and communication on major events in Texas. 44
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.9. (C)

7.10. (A) Identify ways in which Texans have adapted to and modified the environment and analyze the consequences of the modifications. 42
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.10. (A)

7.10. (B) Explain ways in which geographic factors have affected the political, economic, and social development of Texas. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.10. (B)

7.11. (A) Analyze why immigrant groups came to Texas and where they settled. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.11. (A)

7.11. (B) Analyze how immigration and migration to Texas in the 19th and 20th centuries have influenced Texas. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.11. (B)

7.11. (C) Analyze the effects of the changing population distribution in Texas during the 20th century. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.11. (C)

7.11. (D) Describe the structure of the population of Texas using demographic concepts such as growth rate and age distribution. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.11. (D)

7.12. (A) Explain economic factors that led to the urbanization of Texas. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.12. (A)

7.12. (B) Trace the development of major industries that contributed to the urbanization of Texas. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.12. (B)

7.12. (C) Explain the changes in the types of jobs and occupations that have resulted from the urbanization of Texas. 14
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.12. (C)

7.13. (A) Analyze the impact of national and international markets and events on the production of goods and services in Texas. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.13. (A)

7.13. (B) Analyze the impact of economic phenomena within the free enterprise system such as supply and demand, profit, government regulation, and world competition on the economy of Texas. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.13. (B)

7.13. (C) Analyze the impact of significant industries in Texas such as oil and gas, aerospace, and medical technology on local, national, and international markets. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.13. (C)

7.14. (A) Identify how the Texas Constitution reflects the principles of limited government, checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, and individual rights. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.14. (A)

7.14. (B) Identify the influence of ideas from the U.S. Constitution on the Texas Constitution. 12
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.14. (B)

7.15. (A) Describe the structure and functions of government at municipal, county, and state levels. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.15. (A)

7.15. (B) Identify major sources of revenue for state and local governments. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.15. (B)

7.15. (C) Describe the structure and governance of Texas public education. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.15. (C)

7.16. (A) Summarize the rights guaranteed in the Texas Bill of Rights. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.16. (A)

7.16. (B) Identify civic responsibilities of Texas citizens. 22
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.16. (B)

7.17. (A) Identify different points of view of political parties and interest groups on important Texas issues. 12
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.17. (A)

7.17. (B) Describe the importance of free speech and press in a democratic society. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.17. (B)

7.17. (C) Express and defend a point of view on an issue of historical or contemporary interest in Texas. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.17. (C)

7.18. (A) Identify the leadership qualities of elected and appointed leaders of Texas, past and present, including Texans who have been President of the United States. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.18. (A)

7.18. (B) Analyze the contributions of Texas leaders such as Henry B. Gonzalez, Phil Gramm, Barbara Jordan, and Sam Rayburn. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.18. (B)

7.19. (A) Explain how the diversity of Texas is reflected in a variety of cultural activities, celebrations, and performances. 43
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.19. (A)

7.19. (B) Describe how people from selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups attempt to maintain their cultural heritage while adapting to the larger Texas culture. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.19. (B)

7.19. (C) Identify examples of Spanish influence on place names such as Amarillo and Rio Grande and on vocabulary in Texas, including words that originated from the Spanish cattle industry. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.19. (C)

7.20. (A) Compare types and uses of technology, past and present. 35
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.20. (A)

7.20. (B) Identify Texas leaders in science and technology such as Roy Bedichek, Walter Cunningham, Michael DeBakey, and C.M. 'Dad' Joiner. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.20. (B)

7.20. (C) Analyze the effects of scientific discoveries and technological innovations, such as barbed wire, the windmill, and oil, gas, and aerospace industries, on the developments of Texas. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.20. (C)

7.20. (D) Evaluate the effects of scientific discoveries and technological innovations on the use of resources such as fossil fuels, water, and land. 74
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.20. (D)

7.20. (E) Analyze how scientific discoveries and technological innovations have resulted in an interdependence among Texas, the United States, and the world. 29
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.20. (E)

7.20. (F) Make predictions about economic, social, and environmental consequences that may result from future scientific discoveries and technological innovations. 108
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.20. (F)

7.21. (A) Differentiate between, locate, and use primary and secondary sources such as computer software, databases, media and news services, biographies, interviews, and artifacts to acquire information about Texas. 24
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.21. (A)

7.21. (B) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions. 138
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.21. (B)

7.21. (C) Organize and interpret information from outlines, reports, databases, and visuals including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps. 138
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.21. (C)

7.21. (D) Identify points of view from the historical context surrounding an event and the frame of reference that influenced the participants. 31
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.21. (D)

7.21. (E) Support a point of view on a social studies issue or event. 30
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.21. (E)

7.21. (F) Identify bias in written, oral, and visual material. 30
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.21. (F)

7.21. (G) Evaluate the validity of a source based on language, corroboration with other sources, and information about the author. 30
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.21. (G)

7.21. (H) Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs. 23
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.21. (H)

7.22. (A) Use social studies terminology correctly. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.22. (A)

7.22. (B) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation. 20
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.22. (B)

7.22. (C) Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and statistical to written or visual, using computer software as appropriate. 23
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.22. (C)

7.22. (D) Create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.22. (D)

7.23. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.23. (A)

7.23. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 7.23. (B)

TX.113.24 (8.1) History: The student understands traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history through 1877.

8.1. (A) Identify the major eras in U.S. history through 1877 and describe their defining characteristics. 45
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.1. (A)

8.1. (B) Apply absolute and relative chronology through the sequencing of significant individuals, events, and time periods. 1
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.1. (B)

8.1. (C) Explain the significance of the following dates: 1607, 1776, 1787, 1803, and 1861-1865. 12
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.1. (C)

TX.113.24 (8.2) History: The student understands the causes of exploration and colonization eras.

8.2. (A) Identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.2. (A)

8.2. (B) Compare political, economic, and social reasons for establishment of the 13 colonies. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.2. (B)

TX.113.24 (8.3) History: The student understands the foundations of representative government in the United States.

8.3. (A) Explain the reasons for the growth of representative government and institutions during the colonial period. 14
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.3. (A)

8.3. (B) Evaluate the importance of the Mayflower Compact, the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, and the Virginia House of Burgesses to the growth of representative government. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.3. (B)

8.3. (C) Describe how religion contributed to the growth of representative government in the American colonies. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.3. (C)

TX.113.24 (8.4) History: The student understands significant political and economic issues of the revolutionary era.

8.4. (A) Analyze causes of the American Revolution, including mercantilism and British economic policies following the French and Indian War. 15
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.4. (A)

8.4. (B) Explain the roles played by significant individuals during the American Revolution, including Samuel Adams, Benjamin Franklin, King George III, Thomas Jefferson, the Marquis de Lafayette, Thomas Paine, and George Washington. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.4. (B)

8.4. (C) Explain the issues surrounding important events of the American Revolution, including declaring independence, writing the Articles of Confederation, fighting the battles of Lexington, Concord, Saratoga, and Yorktown, signing the Treaty of Paris. 21
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.4. (C)

8.4. (D) Analyze the issues of the Philadelphia Convention of 1787, including major compromises and arguments for and against ratification. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.4. (D)

TX.113.24 (8.5) History: The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the Republic.

8.5. (A) Describe major domestic problems faced by the leaders of the new Republic such as maintaining national security, creating a stable economic system, setting up the court system, and defining the authority of the central government. 21
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.5. (A)

8.5. (B) Summarize arguments regarding protective tariffs, taxation, and the banking system. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.5. (B)

8.5. (C) Explain the origin and development of American political parties. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.5. (C)

8.5. (D) Explain the causes of and issues surrounding important events of the War of 1812. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.5. (D)

8.5. (E) Trace the foreign policies of Presidents Washington through Monroe and explain the impact of Washington's Farewell Address and the Monroe Doctrine. 13
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.5. (E)

8.5. (F) Explain the impact of the election of Andrew Jackson, including the beginning of the modern Democratic Party. 1
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.5. (F)

8.5. (G) Analyze federal and state Indian policies and the removal and resettlement of Cherokee Indians during the Jacksonian era. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.5. (G)

TX.113.24 (8.6) History: The student understands westward expansion and its effects on the political, economic, and social development of the nation.

8.6. (A) Explain how the Northwest Ordinance established principles and procedures for orderly expansion of the United States. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.6. (A)

8.6. (B) Explain the political, economic, and social roots of Manifest Destiny. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.6. (B)

8.6. (C) Analyze the relationship between the concept of Manifest Destiny and the westward growth of the nation. 19
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.6. (C)

8.6. (D) Explain the major issues and events of the Mexican War and their impact on the United States. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.6. (D)

8.6. (E) Identify areas that were acquired to form the United States. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.6. (E)

TX.113.24 (8.7) History: The student understands how political, economic, and social factors led to the growth of sectionalism and the Civil War.

8.7. (A) Analyze the impact of tariff policies on sections of the United States before the Civil War. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.7. (A)

8.7. (B) Compare the effects of political, economic, and social factors on slaves and free blacks. 28
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.7. (B)

8.7. (C) Analyze the impact of slavery on different sections of the United States. 38
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.7. (C)

8.7. (D) Compare the provisions and effects of congressional conflicts and compromises prior to the Civil War, including the roles of John C. Calhoun, Henry Clay, and Daniel Webster. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.7. (D)

TX.113.24 (8.8) History: The student understands individuals, issues, and events of the Civil War.

8.8. (A) Explain the roles played by significant individuals during the Civil War, including Jefferson Davis, Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, and Abraham Lincoln. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.8. (A)

8.8. (B) Explain the issues surrounding significant events of the Civil War, including the firing on Fort Sumter, the battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg, the announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation, the assassination of Lincoln, and Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House. 29
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.8. (B)

8.8. (C) Analyze Abraham Lincoln's ideas about liberty, equality, union, and government as contained in his first and second inaugural addresses and the Gettysburg Address. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.8. (C)

TX.113.24 (8.9) History: The student understands the effects of Reconstruction on the political, economic, and social life of the nation.

8.9. (A) Evaluate legislative reform programs of the Radical Reconstruction Congress and reconstructed state governments. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.9. (A)

8.9. (B) Describe the economic difficulties faced by the United States during Reconstruction. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.9. (B)

8.9. (C) Explain the social problems that faced the South during Reconstruction and evaluate their impact on different groups. 14
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.9. (C)

TX.113.24 (8.10) Geography: The student uses geographic tools to collect, analyze, and interpret data.

8.10. (A) Create thematic maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases representing various aspects of the United States. 22
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.10. (A)

8.10. (B) Pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and patterns shown on maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases. 23
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.10. (B)

TX.113.24 (8.11) Geography: The student understands the location and characteristics of places and regions of the United States, past and present.

8.11. (A) Locate places and regions of importance in the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.11. (A)

8.11. (B) Compare places and regions of the United States in terms of physical and human characteristics. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.11. (B)

8.11. (C) Analyze the effects of physical and human geographic factors on major historical and contemporary events in the United States. 12
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.11. (C)

TX.113.24 (8.12) Geography: The student understands the physical characteristics of the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries and how humans adapted to and modified the environment.

8.12. (A) Analyze how physical characteristics of the environment influenced population distribution, settlement patterns, and economic activities in the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.12. (A)

8.12. (B) Describe the consequences of human modification of the physical environment of the United States. 60
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.12. (B)

8.12. (C) Describe how different immigrant groups interacted with the environment in the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries. 27
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.12. (C)

TX.113.24 (8.13) Economics: The student understands why various sections of the United States developed different patterns of economic activity.

8.13. (A) Identify economic differences among different regions of the United States. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.13. (A)

8.13. (B) Explain reasons for the development of the plantation system, the growth of the slave trade, and the spread of slavery. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.13. (B)

8.13. (C) Analyze the causes and effects of economic differences among different regions of the United States at selected times in U.S. history. 25
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.13. (C)

TX.113.24 (8.14) Economics: The student understands how various economic forces resulted in the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century.

8.14. (A) Analyze the War of 1812 as a cause of economic changes in the nation. 1
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.14. (A)

8.14. (B) Identify the economic factors that brought about rapid industrialization and urbanization. 15
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.14. (B)

TX.113.24 (8.15) Economics: The student understands the origins and development of the free enterprise system in the United States.

8.15. (A) Explain why a free enterprise system of economics developed in the new nation. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.15. (A)

8.15. (B) Describe the characteristics and the benefits of the U.S. free enterprise system during the 18th and 19th centuries. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.15. (B)

TX.113.24 (8.16) Government: The student understands the American beliefs and principles reflected in the U.S. Constitution and other important historic documents.

8.16. (A) Identify the influence of ideas from historic documents including the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, the Mayflower Compact, the Declaration of Independence, the Federalist Papers, and selected anti-federalist writings on the U.S. system of government. 16
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.16. (A)

8.16. (B) Summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.16. (B)

8.16. (C) Identify colonial grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence and explain how those grievances were addressed in the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.16. (C)

8.16. (D) Analyze how the U.S. Constitution reflects the principles of limited government, republicanism, checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, and individual rights. 73
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.16. (D)

TX.113.24 (8.17) Government: The student understands the process of changing the U.S. Constitution and the impact of amendments on American society.

8.17. (A) Summarize the purposes for and processes of changing the U.S. Constitution. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.17. (A)

8.17. (B) Describe the impact of 19th-century amendments including the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments on life in the United States. 14
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.17. (B)

8.17. (C) Identify the origin of judicial review and analyze examples of congressional and presidential responses. 27
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.17. (C)

TX.113.24 (8.18) Government: The student understands the dynamic nature of the powers of the national government and state governments in a federal system.

8.18. (A) Analyze the arguments of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists, including those of Alexander Hamilton, Patrick Henry, James Madison, and George Mason. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.18. (A)

8.18. (B) Describe historical conflicts arising over the issue of states' rights, including the Nullification Crisis and the Civil War. 10
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.18. (B)

TX.113.24 (8.19) Government: The student understands the impact of landmark Supreme Court cases.

8.19. (A) Summarize the issues, decisions, and significance of landmark Supreme Court cases including Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and Gibbons v. Ogden. 22
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.19. (A)

8.19. (B) Evaluate the impact of selected landmark Supreme Court decisions including Dred Scott v. Sandford on life in the United States. 22
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.19. (B)

TX.113.24 (8.20) Citizenship: The student understands the rights and responsibilities of citizens of the United States.

8.20. (A) Define and give examples of unalienable rights. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.20. (A)

8.20. (B) Summarize rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.20. (B)

8.20. (C) Explain the importance of personal responsibilities such as accepting responsibility for one's behavior and supporting one's family. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.20. (C)

8.20. (D) Identify examples of responsible citizenship, including obeying rules and laws, voting, and serving on juries. 15
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.20. (D)

8.20. (E) Summarize the criteria and explain the process for becoming a naturalized citizen of the United States. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.20. (E)

8.20. (F) Explain how the rights and responsibilities of U.S. citizens reflect our national identity. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.20. (F)

TX.113.24 (8.21) Citizenship: The student understands the importance of voluntary individual participation in the democratic process.

8.21. (A) Explain the role of significant individuals such as William Penn in the development of self-government in colonial America. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.21. (A)

8.21. (B) Evaluate the contributions of the Founding Fathers as models of civic virtue. 23
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.21. (B)

8.21. (C) Identify reasons for and the impact of selected examples of civil disobedience in U.S. history such as Henry David Thoreau's refusal to pay a tax. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.21. (C)

TX.113.24 (8.22) Citizenship: The student understands the importance of the expression of different points of view in a democratic society.

8.22. (A) Identify different points of view of political parties and interest groups on important historical and contemporary issues. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.22. (A)

8.22. (B) Describe the importance of free speech and press in a democratic society. 1
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.22. (B)

8.22. (C) Summarize a historical event in which compromise resulted in a peaceful resolution. 8
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.22. (C)

TX.113.24 (8.23) Citizenship: The student understands the importance of effective leadership in a democratic society.

8.23. (A) Analyze the leadership qualities of elected and appointed leaders of the United States such as Abraham Lincoln, John Marshall, and George Washington. 4
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.23. (A)

8.23. (B) Describe the contributions of significant political, social, and military leaders of the United States such as Frederick Douglass, John Paul Jones, James Monroe, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.23. (B)

TX.113.24 (8.24) Culture: The student understands the relationships between and among people from various groups, including racial, ethnic, and religious groups, during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.

8.24. (A) Identify selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups that settled in the United States and their reasons for immigration. 20
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.24. (A)

8.24. (B) Explain the relationship between urbanization and conflicts resulting from differences in religion, social class, and political beliefs. 33
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.24. (B)

8.24. (C) Identify ways conflicts between people from various racial, ethnic, and religious groups were resolved. 41
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.24. (C)

8.24. (D) Analyze the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to our national identity. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.24. (D)

8.24. (E) Identify the political, social, and economic contributions of women to American society. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.24. (E)

TX.113.24 (8.25) Culture: The student understands the major reform movements of the 19th century.

8.25. (A) Describe the historical development of the abolitionist movement. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.25. (A)

8.25. (B) Evaluate the impact of reform movements including public education, temperance, women's rights, prison reform, and care of the disabled. 18
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.25. (B)

TX.113.24 (8.26) Culture: The student understands the impact of religion on the American way of life.

8.26. (A) Trace the development of religious freedom in the United States. 2
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.26. (A)

8.26. (B) Describe religious influences on immigration and on social movements, including the impact of the first and second Great Awakenings. 44
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.26. (B)

8.26. (C) Analyze the impact of the first amendment guarantees of religious freedom on the American way of life. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.26. (C)

TX.113.24 (8.27) Culture: The student understands the relationship between the arts and the times during which they were created.

8.27. (A) Describe developments in art, music, literature, drama, and other cultural activities in the history of the United States. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.27. (A)

8.27. (B) Analyze the relationship between fine arts and continuity and change in the American way of life. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.27. (B)

8.27. (C) Identify examples of American art, music, and literature that transcend American culture and convey universal themes. 15
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.27. (C)

TX.113.24 (8.28) Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands the impact of science and technology on the economic development of the United States.

8.28. (A) Explain the effects of technological and scientific innovations such as the steamboat, the cotton gin, and the Bessemer steel process. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.28. (A)

8.28. (B) Analyze the impact of transportation systems on the growth, development, and urbanization of the United States. 17
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.28. (B)

8.28. (C) Analyze how technological innovations changed the way goods were manufactured and marketed, nationally and internationally. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.28. (C)

8.28. (D) Explain how technological innovations led to rapid industrialization. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.28. (D)

TX.113.24 (8.29) Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands the impact of scientific discoveries and technological innovations on daily life in the United States.

8.29. (A) Compare the effects of scientific discoveries and technological innovations that have influenced daily life in different periods in U.S. history. 31
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.29. (A)

8.29. (B) Describe how scientific ideas influenced technological developments during different periods in U.S. history. 90
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.29. (B)

8.29. (C) Identify examples of how industrialization changed life in the United States. 9
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.29. (C)

TX.113.24 (8.30) Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

8.30. (A) Differentiate between, locate, and use primary and secondary sources such as computer software, databases, media and news services, biographies, interviews, and artifacts to acquire information about the United States. 16
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.30. (A)

8.30. (B) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.30. (B)

8.30. (C) Organize and interpret information from outlines, reports, databases, and visuals including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps. 6
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.30. (C)

8.30. (D) Identify points of view from the historical context surrounding an event and the frame of reference which influenced the participants. 1
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.30. (D)

8.30. (E) Support a point of view on a social studies issue or event. 1
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.30. (E)

8.30. (F) Identify bias in written, oral, and visual material. 1
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.30. (F)

8.30. (G) Evaluate the validity of a source based on language, corroboration with other sources, and information about the author. 1
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.30. (G)

8.30. (H) Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs. 26
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.30. (H)

TX.113.24 (8.31) Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

8.31. (A) Use social studies terminology correctly. 7
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.31. (A)

8.31. (B) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.31. (B)

8.31. (C) Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and statistical to written or visual, using computer software as appropriate. 11
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.31. (C)

8.31. (D) Create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.31. (D)

TX.113.24 (8.32) Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

8.32. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution. 3
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.32. (A)

8.32. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision. 5
Suggested Titles for Texas Social Studies State Standard 8.32. (B)

TX.113.34 (9.1) World Geography: History: The student understands how geographic contexts (the geography of places in the past) and processes of spatial exchange (diffusion) influenced events in the past and helped to shape the present.

9.1. (A) Analyze the effects of physical and human geographic patterns and processes on events in the past and describe their effects on present conditions, including significant physical features and environmental conditions that influenced migration patterns in the past and shaped the distribution of culture groups today.

9.1. (B) Trace the spatial diffusion of a phenomenon and describe its effects on regions of contact such as the spread of bubonic plague, the diffusion and exchange of foods between the New and Old Worlds, or the diffusion of American slang.

TX.113.34 (9.2) World Geography: History: The student understands how people, places, and environments have changed over time and the effects of these changes on history.

9.2. (A) Describe the human and physical characteristics of the same place at different periods of history.

9.2. (B) Assess how people's changing perceptions of geographic features have led to changes in human societies.

TX.113.34 (9.3) World Geography: Geography: Such as student understands how physical processes shape patterns in the physical environment (lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere), including how Earth-Sun relationships affect physical processes and patterns on Earth's surface.

9.3. (A) Attribute occurrences of weather phenomena and climate to annual changes in Earth-Sun relationships.

9.3. (B) Describe physical environment of regions and the physical processes that affect these regions such as weather, tectonic forces, wave action, freezing and thawing, gravity, and soil-building processes.

TX.113.34 (9.4) World Geography: Geography: The student understands the patterns and characteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystems of Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them.

9.4. (A) Explain the distribution of different types of climate in terms of patterns of temperature, wind, and precipitation and the factors that influence climate regions such as elevation, latitude, location near warm and cold ocean currents, position on a continent, and mountain barriers.

9.4. (B) Relate the physical processes to the development of distinctive land forms.

9.4. (C) Explain the distribution of plants and animals in different regions of the world using the relationships among climate, vegetation, soil, and geology.

TX.113.34 (9.5) World Geography: Geography: The student understands how political, economic, and social processes shape cultural patterns and characteristics in various places and regions.

9.5. (A) Analyze how the character of a place is related to its political, economic, social, and cultural characteristics.

9.5. (B) Analyze political, economic, social, and demographic data to determine the level of development and standard of living in nations.

TX.113.34 (9.6) World Geography: Geography: The student understands the types and patterns of settlement, the factors that affect where people settle, and processes of settlement development over time.

9.6. (A) Locate settlements and observe patterns in the size and distribution of cities using maps, graphics, and other information.

9.6. (B) Explain the processes that have caused cities to grow such as location along transportation routes, availability of resources that have attracted settlers and economic activities, and continued access to other cities and resources.

TX.113.34 (9.7) World Geography: Geography: The student understands the growth, distribution, movement, and characteristics of world population.

9.7. (A) Construct and analyze population pyramids and use other data, graphics, and maps to describe the population characteristics of different societies and to predict future growth trends.

9.7. (B) Explain the political, economic, social, and environmental factors that contribute to human migration such as how national and international migrations are shaped by push-and-pull factors and how physical geography affects the routes, flows, and destinations of migration.

9.7. (C) Describe trends in past world population growth and distribution.

9.7. (D) Develop and defend hypotheses on likely population patterns for the future.

TX.113.34 (9.8) World Geography: Geography: The student understands how people, places, and environments are connected and interdependent.

9.8. (A) Explain the interrelationships among physical and human processes that shape the geographic characteristics of places such as connections among economic development, urbanization, population growth, and environmental change.

9.8. (B) Compare ways that humans depend on, adapt to, and modify the physical environment using local, state, national, and international human activities in a variety of cultural and technological contexts.

9.8. (C) Describe the impact of and analyze the reaction of the environment to abnormal and/or hazardous environmental conditions at different scales such as El Nino, floods, droughts, and hurricanes.

9.8. (D) Analyze statistical and other data to infer the effects of physical and human processes on patterns of settlement, population distribution, economic and political conditions, and resource distribution.

TX.113.34 (9.9) World Geography: Geography: The student understands the concept of region as an area of Earth's surface with unifying geographic characteristics.

9.9. (A) Identify physical or human factors that constitute a region such as soils, climate, vegetation, language, trade network, river systems, and religion.

9.9. (B) Identify the differences among formal, functional, and perceptual regions.

TX.113.34 (9.10) World Geography: Economics: The student understands the distribution and characteristics of economic systems throughout the world.

9.10. (A) Describe the characteristics of traditional, command, and market economies.

9.10. (B) Explain how traditional, command, and market economies operate in specific countries.

9.10. (C) Compare the ways people satisfy their basic needs through the production of goods and services such as subsistence agriculture versus market-oriented agriculture or cottage industries versus commercial industries.

TX.113.34 (9.11) World Geography: Economics: The student understands the reasons for the location of economic activities (primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary) in different economic systems.

9.11. (A) Map the locations of different types of economic activities.

9.11. (B) Identify factors affecting the location of different types of economic activities.

9.11. (C) Describe how changes in technology, transportation, and communication affect the location and patterns of economic activities.

TX.113.34 (9.12) World Geography: Economics: The student understands the economic importance of, and issues related to, the location and management of key natural resources.

9.12. (A) Compare global trade patterns at different periods of time and develop hypotheses to explain changes that have occurred in world trade and the implications of these changes.

9.12. (B) Analyze how the creation and distribution of resources affect the location and patterns of movement of products, capital, and people.

9.12. (C) Evaluate the geographic and economic impact of policies related to the use of resources such as regulations for water use or policies related to the development of scarce natural resources.

TX.113.34 (9.13) World Geography: Government: The student understands the characteristics of a variety of political units.

9.13. (A) Prepare maps that illustrate a variety of political entities such as city maps showing precincts, country maps showing states, or continental maps showing countries.

9.13. (B) Compare maps of voting patterns or political boundaries to make inferences about the distribution of political power.

TX.113.34 (9.14) World Geography: Government: The student understands the geographic processes that influence political divisions, relationships, and policies.

9.14. (A) Analyze current events to infer the physical and human processes that lead to the formation of boundaries and other political divisions.

9.14. (B) Explain how forces of conflict and cooperation influence the allocation of control of Earth's surface such as the formation of congressional voting districts or free trade zones.

9.14. (C) Explain the geographic factors that influence a nation's power to control territory and that shape the foreign policies and international political relations of selected nations such as Iraq, Israel, Japan, and the United Kingdom.

TX.113.34 (9.15) World Geography: Citizenship: The student understands how different points of view influence the development of public policies and decision-making processes on local, state, national, and international levels.

9.15. (A) Identify and give examples of different points of view that influence the development of public policies and decision-making processes on local, state, national, and international levels.

9.15. (B) Explain how citizenship practices, public policies, and decision making may be influenced by cultural beliefs.

9.15. (C) Compare different points of view on geographic issues.

TX.113.34 (9.16) World Geography: Culture: The student understands how the components of culture affect the way people live and shape the characteristics of regions.

9.16. (A) Describe distinctive cultural patterns and landscapes associated with different places in Texas, the United States, and other regions of the world, and how these patterns influenced the processes of innovation and diffusion.

9.16. (B) Give examples of ways various groups of people view cultures, places, and regions differently.

9.16. (C) Compare life in a variety of cities and nations in the world to evaluate the relationships involved in political, economic, social, and environmental changes.

TX.113.34 (9.17) World Geography: Culture: The student understands the distribution, patterns, and characteristics of different cultures.

9.17. (A) Describe and compare patterns of culture such as language, religion, land use, systems of education, and customs that make specific regions of the world distinctive.

9.17. (B) Compare economic opportunities in different cultures for women and religious minorities in selected regions of the world.

TX.113.34 (9.18) World Geography: Culture: The student understands the ways in which cultures change and maintain continuity.

9.18. (A) Describe the impact of general processes such as migration, war, trade, independent inventions, and diffusion of ideas and motivations on cultural change.

9.18. (B) Analyze cultural changes in specific regions.

9.18. (C) Analyze examples of cultures that maintain traditional ways.

9.18. (D) Evaluate case studies of the spread of cultural traits to find examples of cultural convergence and divergence such as the spread of democratic ideas, U.S.-based fast-food franchises in Russia and Eastern Europe, or the English language as a major medium of international communication for scientists and business people.

TX.113.34 (9.19) World Geography: Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands the impact of technology and human modifications on the physical environment.

9.19. (A) Evaluate the significance of major technological innovations, including fire, steam power, diesel machinery, and electricity that have been used to modify the physical environment.

9.19. (B) Analyze ways technological innovations have allowed humans to adapt to places shaped by physical processes such as floods, earthquakes, and hurricanes.

TX.113.34 (9.20) World Geography: Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands how technology affects definitions of, access to, and use of resources.

9.20. (A) Describe the impact of new technologies, new markets, and revised perceptions of resources.

9.20. (B) Analyze the role of technology in agriculture and other primary economic activities and identify the environmental consequences of the changes that have taken place.

TX.113.34 (9.21) World Geography: Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

9.21. (A) Use historical, geographic, and statistical information from a variety of sources such as databases, field interviews, media services, and questionnaires to answer geographic questions and infer geographic relationships.

9.21. (B) Analyze and evaluate the validity and utility of multiple sources of geographic information such as primary and secondary sources, aerial photographs, and maps.

9.21. (C) Construct and interpret maps to answer geographic questions, infer geographic relationships, and analyze geographic change.

9.21. (D) Apply basic statistical concepts and analytical methods such as computer-based spreadsheets and statistical software to analyze geographic data.

9.21. (E) Use a series of maps, including a computer-based geographic information system, to obtain and analyze data needed to solve geographic and locational problems.

TX.113.34 (9.22) World Geography: Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

9.22. (A) Design and draw appropriate maps and other graphics such as sketch maps, diagrams, tables, and graphs to present geographic information including geographic features, geographic distributions, and geographic relationships.

9.22. (B) Apply appropriate vocabulary, geographic models, generalizations, theories, and skills to present geographic information.

9.22. (C) Use geographic terminology correctly.

9.22. (D) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.

TX.113.34 (9.23) World Geography: Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

9.23. (A) Plan, organize, and complete a group research project that involves asking geographic questions, acquiring, organizing, and analyzing geographic information, answering geographic questions, communicating results.

9.23. (B) Use case studies and geographic information systems to identify contemporary geographic problems and issues and to apply geographic knowledge and skills to answer real-world questions.

9.23. (C) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.

9.23. (D) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision.

TX.113.36 (9.1) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands the dynamics of the relationships between self and others to be a contributing member of the community.

9.1. (A) Participate in class as a leader and follower.

9.1. (B) Adjust behavior appropriately to fit various situations.

9.1. (C) Contribute to the development of a supportive climate in groups.

9.1. (D) Accept and fulfill social responsibilities associated with citizenship in a group setting.

TX.113.36 (9.2) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands that beliefs, decisions, and actions have consequences.

9.2. (A) Predict the likely outcome of given courses of action in particular situations, such as refusing to pay taxes, to register to vote, or to obey the speed limit.

9.2. (B) Evaluate the predicted outcomes of given courses of actions in particular situations based on an understanding of the development of morality.

TX.113.36 (9.3) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands behavioral, social learning, and cognitive perspectives of motivation to describe his or her role and impact on economic systems.

9.3. (A) Apply various perspectives of motivation to a given economic situation such as the choice of car to purchase, personal budget priorities, or choice of jobs.

9.3. (B) Describe the role of reinforcement and punishment in determining persistence-and-effort allocation.

9.3. (C) Describe the processes of modeling/imitation and vicarious reinforcement using typical classroom situations.

9.3. (D) Describe and explain self-esteem, self-efficacy, and expectancy from the perspective of attribution theory.

TX.113.36 (9.4) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands the influence of sensory perceptions on the shaping of individual beliefs and attitudes.

9.4. (A) Relate sensation and perception to various points of view.

9.4. (B) Define and give examples of bias related to various points of view.

TX.113.36 (9.5) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands the relationship between biology and behavior.

9.5. (A) Describe the anatomy and localized function of given brain areas.

9.5. (B) Explain the effects of the endocrine system on development and behavior.

TX.113.36 (9.6) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands the basic principles of tests and measurements.

9.6. (A) Define and differentiate reliability and validity.

9.6. (B) Define the concept of 'transformed score' and give examples of various types including percentile grade equivalent scores, intelligence quotient (IQ) scores, and College Entrance Examination Board (CEEB) scores such as Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and Graduate Record Examination (GRE).

TX.113.36 (9.7) Psychology (Elective Course): History: The student understands the history of the field of psychology.

9.7. (A) Identify defining characteristics that differentiate the field of psychology from other related social sciences.

9.7. (B) Trace the impact of associationism, psychodynamic (Freudian) thinking, behaviorism, and humanism on current thinking in psychology.

TX.113.36 (9.8) Psychology (Elective Course): History: The student compares the processes of theory development and validation.

9.8. (A) Define and differentiate the concepts of theory and principle.

9.8. (B) Describe the relationship between earlier and later theories related to a given psychological construct.

9.8. (C) Identify and describe the basic methods of social scientific reasoning.

TX.113.36 (9.9) Psychology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands the dynamic relationships between self and one's environment.

9.9. (A) Describe and explain learning as an adaptation to the environment.

9.9. (B) Relate cultural perspectives to the traditional physical environment of the culture group.

9.9. (C) Explain types of relationships of individuals with other individuals and with groups.

TX.113.36 (9.10) Psychology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands behavioral, social, and cognitive perspectives of human learning.

9.10. (A) Identify related antecedents, behavior, and consequences in a provided behavioral situation.

9.10. (B) Identify elements of social learning theory in modern advertising.

9.10. (C) Describe the relationship between components of the structural information processing model.

9.10. (D) Evaluate the various perspectives of human learning and specify the strengths and weaknesses of each.

TX.113.36 (9.11) Psychology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands the role of culture in forming the foundation and orienting framework for individuals and social behavior.

9.11. (A) Explain factors involved in cognitive development according to Piaget.

9.11. (B) Define common psychological disorders.

9.11. (C) Describe Erickson's stages of psychosocial development.

9.11. (D) Determine cultural influences such as fads or peers on one's own social behavior.

TX.113.36 (9.12) Psychology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands personality development theories, including the applications and limitations.

9.12. (A) Give examples of growth and development based on social learning, behavioral, and cognitive theories.

9.12. (B) Evaluate the presented theories of human development and specify the strengths and weaknesses of each.

TX.113.36 (9.13) Psychology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

9.13. (A) Create a product on a contemporary psychology-related issue or topic using critical methods of inquiry.

9.13. (C) Define and compute measures of central tendency (mean, median, and mode) and dispersion (range and standard deviation).

9.13. (D) Explain and illustrate cautions related to interpreting statistics in news stories.

9.13. (E) Apply evaluation rules to quantitative information.

9.13. (F) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.

TX.113.36 (9.14) Psychology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

9.14. (A) Use psychology-related terminology correctly.

9.14. (B) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.

9.14. (C) Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and written or visual to statistical, using computer software as appropriate.

9.14. (D) Create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information.

TX.113.36 (9.15) Psychology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

9.15. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.

9.15. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision.

9.15. (C) Participate in conflict resolution using persuasion, compromise, debate, and negotiation.

TX.113.36 (9.16) Psychology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student develops long-term and short-term goal-setting skills for individual and community problem solving.

9.16. (A) Illustrate the relationship and sequence between intermediate goals and terminal goals.

9.16. (B) Monitor and evaluate self-directed inquiry or projects for timelines, accuracy, and goal attainment.

TX.113.36 (9.17) Psychology (Elective Course): Science and technology. The student understands the implication of technology for the collection, storage, and use of psychological data.

9.17. (A) Apply the standards of the American Psychological Association for ethical decision making regarding the collection, storage, and use of psychological data.

9.17. (B) Acquire information through the use of electronic sources.

TX.113.36 (9.18) Psychology (Elective Course): Science and technology. The student understands the relationship of changes in technology to personal growth and development.

9.18. (A) Analyze examples of attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors related to changes in available technology.

9.18. (B) Evaluate the impact of changes in technology on personal growth and development.

TX.113.37 (9.1) Sociology (Elective Course): Citizenship: The student understands that individuals require knowledge of the dynamics of the relationships between self and others to be contributing members of the community.

9.1. (A) Describe models of group systems and the interactive roles of individuals, groups, and the community.

9.1. (B) Evaluate role conflicts and methods of resolution that may occur among individuals and groups.

TX.113.37 (9.2) Sociology (Elective Course): Citizenship: The student analyzes groups in terms of membership roles, status, values, and socioeconomic stratification.

9.2. (A) Compare the roles of group membership in various formal and informal groups.

9.2. (B) Compare the roles of group membership in selected primary and secondary groups.

TX.113.37 (9.3) Sociology (Elective Course): Economics: The student understands how socioeconomic stratification affects human motivation.

9.3. (A) Analyze the relationship between socioeconomic stratification and human motivation.

9.3. (B) Analyze the influence of different motivations and aspirations on economic decisions.

TX.113.37 (9.4) Sociology (Elective Course): Economics: The student understands the relationship between socioeconomic stratification and cultural values.

9.4. (A) Compare cultural values associated with socioeconomic stratification.

9.4. (B) Analyze and explain the influence of cultural values on economic behavior.

TX.113.37 (9.5) Sociology (Elective Course): Geography: The student uses geographic tools to collect, analyze, and interpret sociological data.

9.5. (A) Create thematic maps, graphs, charts, models, and data bases that represent various aspects of demographic and cultural patterns.

9.5. (B) Pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and demographic and cultural patterns shown on maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases.

TX.113.37 (9.6) Sociology (Elective Course): Geography: The student understands that socialization, cultural values, and norms vary in different geographic places and regions.

9.6. (A) Compare socialization in selected regions of the United States.

9.6. (B) Compare how geographic considerations have influenced the development of cultural values and norms.

TX.113.37 (9.7) Sociology (Elective Course): Government: The student understands how governments promote cultural values and provide for social controls.

9.7. (A) Identify the relationships between cultural values and the purposes and policies of government.

9.7. (B) Describe types of government social controls.

TX.113.37 (9.8) Sociology (Elective Course): Government: The student understands different styles and forms of leadership, political socialization, and communication techniques that influence perception, attitudes, and behavior.

9.8. (A) Identify and describe different forms of leadership as they relate to group-motivation techniques.

9.8. (B) Analyze the relationship among social class, racial, ethnic, and other culture group membership, and political power in the United States.

9.8. (C) Evaluate different communication techniques, including propaganda and advertising, used to influence perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of persons and groups.

TX.113.37 (9.9) Sociology (Elective Course): History: The student understands the theoretical perspectives of the historic interpretations of human social development.

9.9. (A) Trace the development of the field of sociology.

9.9. (B) Identify major sociologists and explain their contributions to the field.

TX.113.37 (9.10) Sociology (Elective Course): History: The student understands the causes and effects of social and institutional changes.

9.10. (A) Evaluate changes in U.S. institutions resulting from industrialization, urbanization, and immigrant assimilation.

9.10. (B) Analyze changes such as those in advertising, food, and business in the majority U.S. culture resulting from adaptations to various immigrant and Native-American cultures.

TX.113.37 (9.11) Sociology (Elective Course): History: The student understands basic sociological principles related to change within a group and across groups.

9.11. (A) Relate theories of change to major changes in U.S. public policy such as the origins and consequences of the civil rights movement.

9.11. (B) Analyze social change and resulting social problems within and across groups.

TX.113.37 (9.12) Sociology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands how cultural socialization, norms, values, motivation, and communication influence relationships among groups.

9.12. (A) Compare cultural norms among various U.S. subculture groups such as ethnic, national origin, age, socioeconomic strata, and gender groups.

9.12. (B) Describe stereotypes of the various U.S. subcultures.

9.12. (C) Analyze social problems in selected U.S. subcultures.

TX.113.37 (9.13) Sociology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands how people develop social institutions to meet basic needs in a society.

9.13. (A) Summarize the functions of social institutions such as the family, religion, and education.

9.13. (B) Evaluate the importance of social institutions in the United States.

TX.113.37 (9.14) Sociology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

9.14. (A) Create a product on a contemporary sociological issue or topic using critical methods of inquiry.

9.14. (B) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.

9.14. (C) Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret sociological information.

TX.113.37 (9.15) Sociology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

9.15. (A) Use sociology-related terminology correctly.

9.15. (B) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.

9.15. (C) Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and written or visual to statistical, using computer software as appropriate.

9.15. (D) Create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information.

TX.113.37 (9.16) Sociology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

9.16. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.

9.16. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision.

9.16. (C) Participate in conflict resolution using persuasion, compromise, debate, and negotiation.

TX.113.37 (9.17) Sociology (Elective Course): Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands the impact of scientific discoveries and technological innovations on individuals and societies.

9.17. (A) Analyze how individual and societal behavior has changed as a result of scientific discoveries and technological innovations.

9.17. (B) Predict societal changes resulting from innovations in science and technology.

TX.113.37 (9.18) Sociology (Elective Course): Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands the impact of changes in science and technology on moral and ethical issues.

9.18. (A) Analyze how the norms and behaviors of a selected U.S. subculture group have changed as a result of changes in science and technology.

9.18. (B) Evaluate a current ethical issue that has resulted from scientific discoveries and/or technological innovations.

TX.113.38 (9.1) Special Topics in Social Studies (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

9.1. (A) Differentiate between, locate, and use primary and secondary sources such as computer software, databases, media and news services, biographies, interviews, and artifacts to acquire information about a selected topic in social studies.

9.1. (B) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.

9.1. (C) Identify points of view from the historic context surrounding an event and the frame of reference that influenced the participants.

9.1. (D) Support a point of view on a social studies issue or event.

9.1. (E) Identify bias in written, oral, and visual material.

9.1. (F) Evaluate the validity of a source based on language, corroboration with other sources, and information about the author.

9.1. (G) Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs.

TX.113.38 (9.2) Special Topics in Social Studies (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

9.2. (A) Use social studies terminology correctly.

9.2. (B) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.

9.2. (C) Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and statistical to written or visual, using computer software as appropriate.

9.2. (D) Create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information.

TX.113.38 (9.3) Special Topics in Social Studies (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

9.3. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.

9.3. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision.

TX.113.39 (9.1) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the basic philosophical foundation for qualitative and quantitative methods of inquiry.

9.1. (A) Develop and use criteria for the evaluation of qualitative and quantitative information.

9.1. (B) Generate logical and consistent conclusions from given qualitative and quantitative information.

9.1. (C) Design a research project with a rationale for a given research method.

TX.113.39 (9.2) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the need for an organizing framework to identify a problem or area of interest and collect information.

9.2. (A) Select an issue, problem, or area of interest, write a rationale and preliminary ideas for research methods, and develop a bibliography.

9.2. (B) Apply a process approach to a research problem.

TX.113.39 (9.3) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the fundamental principles and requirements of validity and reliability (both social science and historical fields of inquiry).

9.3. (A) Define and differentiate reliability and validity.

9.3. (B) Identify methods of checking for reliability.

9.3. (C) Evaluate various sources for reliability and validity and justify the conclusions.

TX.113.39 (9.4) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands how data can be collected from a variety of sources using a variety of methods.

9.4. (A) Collect information from a variety of sources (primary, secondary, written, and oral) using techniques such as questionnaires, interviews, and library research.

9.4. (B) Use various technology such as CD-ROM, library topic catalogues, networks, and on-line information systems to collect information about a selected topic.

TX.113.39 (9.5) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the use of theory and research for descriptive and predictive purposes.

9.5. (A) Describe the results of a research process.

9.5. (B) Make predictions as to future actions and/or outcomes based on conclusions of research.

TX.113.39 (9.6) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the principles and requirements of the scientific method.

9.6. (A) Apply the scientific method in a research project.

9.6. (B) Create a matrix relating various research methodologies such as survey research, ethnography, primary documents, and statistical analysis to given subject areas.

9.6. (C) Determine the most efficient research approach from a variety of alternatives using a cost-benefit analysis.

TX.113.39 (9.7) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands basic statistical approaches to the analysis of aggregate information.

9.7. (A) Define and compute statistical information using various statistical approaches such as means testing and correlation, measures of central tendency and distribution, the development of categorical systems, and logical analysis.

9.7. (B) Analyze information using a spreadsheet or statistical analysis information software.

TX.113.39 (9.8) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the requirements of graphic displays of data.

9.8. (A) Construct visuals such as charts, graphs, tables, time lines, and maps to convey appropriate data.

9.8. (B) Create a presentation on a selected topic using word-processing, graphics, and multimedia software.

TX.113.39 (9.9) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the basic principles of historic analysis.

9.9. (A) Differentiate between primary and secondary sources and describe the best uses for each.

9.9. (B) Construct and test cause-and-effect hypotheses and compare them with correlational analyses.

9.9. (C) Select the appropriate use of chronological relationships in historiography.

TX.113.39 (9.10) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the ethical aspects of collecting, storing, and using data.

9.10. (A) Describe breaches of ethical standards for handling human experimental or survey information in a given scenario.

9.10. (B) Evaluate the relationship among copyright laws, proper citation requirements, and ethical ways of collecting and presenting information.

TX.113.52 (9.1) Social Studies Advanced Studies (Elective Course): The student will investigate, independently or collaboratively, a problem, issue, or concern within a selected profession or discipline.

9.1. (A) Analyze the relationship between his or her interests and career/discipline.

9.1. (B) Review literature from varied sources from the selected career or discipline.

9.1. (C) Identify a problem, issue, or concern.

9.1. (D) Survey and/or interview professionals to determine the appropriateness of a project.

9.1. (E) Develop a proposal that includes well-defined questions, goals and objectives, rationale, and procedures for the project.

TX.113.52 (9.2) Social Studies Advanced Studies (Elective Course): The student will demonstrate understanding of the research methods and/or technologies used in a selected profession or discipline.

9.2. (A) Develop an understanding of the requirements and practices of the profession in the selected career or discipline through observation.

9.2. (B) Simulate the methods and/or technologies used in the research process particular to the selected field or discipline.

9.2. (C) Review and revise the original proposal to reflect changes needed based upon preliminary research and practices.

TX.113.52 (9.3) Social Studies Advanced Studies (Elective Course): The student will develop products that meet standards recognized by the selected profession or discipline.

9.3. (A) Collaborate with the appropriate professionals to define the product.

9.3. (B) Develop a plan for product completion.

9.3. (C) Develop assessment criteria for successful completion of the project.

9.3. (D) Establish the appropriateness of the product for the intended audience.

9.3. (E) Implement the plan for product completion.

9.3. (F) Maintain a journal to document all phases of the implementation of the plan and reflections on learning experiences and processes.

TX.113.52 (9.4) Social Studies Advanced Studies (Elective Course): The student will demonstrate an understanding of the selected problem, issue, or concern by explaining or justifying findings to an appropriate audience for public comment or professional response.

9.4. (A) Review and revise the plan to present the findings.

9.4. (B) Make arrangements for the presentation of findings to an appropriate audience.

9.4. (C) Present findings, simulating the skills used by professionals.

9.4. (D) Consider feedback received from the audience.

9.4. (E) Reflect on the study and its potential for impact on the field.

9.4. (F) Reflect on personal learning experiences of the study.

TX.113.33 (10.1) World History Studies: History: The student understands traditional historical points of reference in world history.

10.1. (A) Identify the major eras in world history and describe their defining characteristics.

10.1. (B) Identify changes that resulted from important turning points in world history such as the development of farming, the Mongol invasions, the development of cities, the European age of exploration and colonization, the scientific and industrial revolutions, the political revolutions of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, the world wars of the 20th century.

10.1. (C) Apply absolute and relative chronology through the sequencing of significant individuals, events, and time periods.

10.1. (D) Explain the significance of the following dates: 1066, 1215, 1492, 1789, 1914-1918, and 1939-1945.

TX.113.33 (10.2) World History Studies: History: The student understands how the present relates to the past.

10.2. (A) Identify elements in a contemporary situation that parallel a historical situation.

10.2. (B) Describe variables in a contemporary situation that could result in different outcomes.

TX.113.33 (10.3) World History Studies: History: The student understands how, as a result of the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, new political, economic, and social systems evolved, creating a new civilization in Western Europe.

10.3. (A) Compare medieval Europe with previous civilizations.

10.3. (B) Describe the major characteristics of the political system of feudalism, the economic system of manorialism, and the authority exerted by the Roman Catholic Church.

10.3. (C) Identify the political, economic, and social impact of the Crusades.

TX.113.33 (10.4) World History Studies: History: The student understands the influence of the European Renaissance and the Reformation eras.

10.4. (A) Identify the causes and characteristics of the European Renaissance and the Reformation eras.

10.4. (B) Identify the effects of the European Renaissance and the Reformation eras.

TX.113.33 (10.5) World History Studies: History: The student understands causes and effects of European expansion beginning in the 16th century.

10.5. (A) Identify causes of European expansion beginning in the 16th century.

10.5. (B) Explain the political, economic, cultural, and technological influences of European expansion on both Europeans and non-Europeans, beginning in the 16th century.

TX.113.33 (10.6) World History Studies: History: The student understands the major developments of civilizations of sub-Saharan Africa, Mesoamerica, Andean South America, and Asia.

10.6. (A) Summarize the major political and cultural developments of the civilizations of sub-Saharan Africa.

10.6. (B) Summarize the major political, economic, and cultural developments of civilizations in Mesoamerica and Andean South America.

10.6. (C) Summarize the major political, economic, and cultural developments of civilizations in China, India, and Japan.

TX.113.33 (10.7) World History Studies: History: The student understands the impact of political and economic imperialism throughout history.

10.7. (A) Analyze examples of major empires of the world such as the Aztec, British, Chinese, French, Japanese, Mongol, and Ottoman empires.

10.7. (B) Summarize effects of imperialism on selected societies.

TX.113.33 (10.8) World History Studies: History: The student understands causes and effects of major political revolutions since the 17th century.

10.8. (A) Identify causes and evaluate effects of major political revolutions since the 17th century, including the English, American, French, and Russian revolutions.

10.8. (B) Summarize the ideas from the English, American, French, and Russian revolutions concerning separation of powers, liberty, equality, democracy, popular sovereignty, human rights, constitutionalism, and nationalism.

10.8. (C) Evaluate how the American Revolution differed from the French and Russian revolutions, including its long-term impact on political developments around the world.

10.8. (D) Summarize the significant events related to the spread and fall of communism, including worldwide political and economic effects.

TX.113.33 (10.9) World History Studies: History: The student understands the impact of totalitarianism in the 20th century.

10.9. (A) Identify and explain causes and effects of World Wars I and II, including the rise of nazism/ fascism in Germany, Italy, and Japan, the rise of communism in the Soviet Union, the Cold War.

10.9. (B) Analyze the nature of totalitarian regimes in China, Nazi Germany, and the Soviet Union.

TX.113.33 (10.10) World History Studies: History: The student understands the influence of significant individuals of the 20th century.

10.10. (A) Analyze the influence of significant individuals such as Winston Churchill, Adolf Hitler, Vladimir Lenin, Mao Zedong, and Woodrow Wilson on political events of the 20th century.

10.10. (B) Analyze the influence of significant social and/or religious leaders such as Mohandas Gandhi, Pope John Paul II, Mother Theresa, and Desmond Tutu on events of the 20th century.

TX.113.33 (10.11) World History Studies: Geography: The student uses geographic skills and tools to collect, analyze, and interpret data.

10.11. (A) Create thematic maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases representing various aspects of world history.

10.11. (B) Pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and patterns in world history shown on maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases.

TX.113.33 (10.12) World History Studies: Geography: The student understands the impact of geographic factors on major historic events.

10.12. (A) Locate places and regions of historical significance such as the Indus, Nile, Tigris and Euphrates, and Yellow (Huang He) river valleys and describe their physical and human characteristics.

10.12. (B) Analyze the effects of physical and human geographic factors on major events in world history such as the effects of the opening of the Suez Canal on world trade patterns.

10.12. (C) Interpret historical and contemporary maps to identify and explain geographic factors such as control of the Straits of Hormuz that have influenced people and events in the past.

TX.113.33 (10.13) World History Studies: Economics: The student understands the impact of the Neolithic agricultural revolution on humanity and the development of the first civilizations.

10.13. (A) Identify important changes in human life caused by the Neolithic agricultural revolution.

10.13. (B) Explain economic, social, and geographic factors that led to the development of the first civilizations.

TX.113.33 (10.14) World History Studies: Economics: The student understands the historic origins of contemporary economic systems.

10.14. (A) Identify the historic origins of the economic systems of capitalism and socialism.

10.14. (B) Identify the historic origins of the political and economic system of communism.

10.14. (C) Compare the relationships between and among contemporary countries with differing economic systems.

TX.113.33 (10.15) World History Studies: Government: The student understands the historical antecedents of contemporary political systems.

10.15. (A) Explain the impact of parliamentary and constitutional systems of government on significant world political developments.

10.15. (B) Define and give examples of different political systems, past and present.

10.15. (C) Explain the impact of American political ideas on significant world political developments.

10.15. (D) Apply knowledge of political systems to make decisions about contemporary issues and events.

TX.113.33 (10.16) World History Studies: Government: The student understands the process by which democratic-republican government evolved.

10.16. (A) Trace the process by which democratic-republican government evolved from its beginnings in classical Greece and Rome, through developments in England, and continuing with the Enlightenment.

10.16. (B) Identify the impact of political and legal ideas contained in significant historic documents, including Hammurabi's Code, Justinian's Code of Laws, Magna Carta, John Locke's Two Treatises of Government, and the Declaration of Independence.

TX.113.33 (10.17) World History Studies: Citizenship: The student understands the significance of political choices and decisions made by individuals, groups, and nations throughout history.

10.17. (A) Evaluate political choices and decisions that individuals, groups, and nations have made in the past, taking into account historical context, and apply this knowledge to the analysis of choices and decisions faced by contemporary societies.

10.17. (B) Describe the different roles of citizens and noncitizens in historical cultures, especially as the roles pertain to civic participation.

TX.113.33 (10.18) World History Studies: Citizenship: The student understands the historical development of significant legal and political concepts, including ideas about rights, republicanism, constitutionalism, and democracy.

10.18. (A) Trace the historical development of the rule of law and rights and responsibilities, beginning in the ancient world and continuing to the beginning of the first modern constitutional republics.

10.18. (B) Summarize the worldwide influence of ideas concerning rights and responsibilities that originated from Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian ideals in Western civilization such as equality before the law.

10.18. (C) Identify examples of political, economic, and social oppression and violations of human rights throughout history, including slavery, the Holocaust, other examples of genocide, and politically-motivated mass murders in Cambodia, China, and the Soviet Union.

10.18. (D) Assess the degree to which human rights and democratic ideals and practices have been advanced throughout the world during the 20th century.

TX.113.33 (10.19) World History Studies: Culture: The student understands the history and relevance of major religious and philosophical traditions.

10.19. (A) Compare the historical origins, central ideas, and the spread of major religious and philosophical traditions including Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism.

10.19. (B) Identify examples of religious influence in historic and contemporary world events.

TX.113.33 (10.20) World History Studies: Culture: The student understands the relationship between the arts and the times during which they were created.

10.2. (A) Identify significant examples of art and architecture that demonstrate an artistic ideal or visual principle from selected cultures.

10.20. (B) Analyze examples of how art, architecture, literature, music, and drama reflect the history of cultures in which they are produced.

10.20. (C) Identify examples of art, music, and literature that transcend the cultures in which they were created and convey universal themes.

TX.113.33 (10.21) World History Studies: Culture: The student understands the roles of women, children, and families in different historical cultures.

10.21. (A) Analyze the specific roles of women, children, and families in different historical cultures.

10.21. (B) Describe the political, economic, and cultural influence of women in different historical cultures.

TX.113.33 (10.22) World History Studies: Culture: The student understands how the development of ideas has influenced institutions and societies.

10.22. (A) Summarize the fundamental ideas and institutions of Eastern civilizations that originated in China and India.

10.22. (B) Summarize the fundamental ideas and institutions of Western civilization that originated in Greece and Rome.

10.22. (C) Analyze how ideas such as Judeo-Christian ethics and the rise of secularism and individualism in Western civilization, beginning with the Enlightenment, have influenced institutions and societies.

TX.113.33 (10.23) World History Studies: Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands how major scientific and mathematical discoveries and technological innovations have affected societies throughout history.

10.23. (A) Give examples of major mathematical and scientific discoveries and technological innovations that occurred at different periods in history and describe the changes produced by these discoveries and innovations.

10.23. (B) Identify new ideas in mathematics, science, and technology that occurred during the Greco-Roman, Indian, Islamic, and Chinese civilizations and trace the spread of these ideas to other civilizations.

10.23. (C) Summarize the ideas in astronomy, mathematics, and architectural engineering that developed in Mesoamerica and Andean South America.

10.23. (D) Describe the origins of the scientific revolution in 16th-century Europe and explain its impact on scientific thinking worldwide.

10.23. (E) Identify the contributions of significant scientists such as Archimedes, Copernicus, Erastosthenes, Galileo, and Pythagorus.

TX.113.33 (10.24) World History Studies: Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands connections between major developments in science and technology and the growth of industrial economies and societies in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries.

10.24. (A) Explain the causes of industrialization and evaluate both short-term and long-term impact on societies.

10.24. (B) Describe the connection between scientific discoveries and technological innovations and new patterns of social and cultural life in the 20th century, such as developments in transportation and communication that affected social mobility.

10.24. (C) Identify the contributions of significant scientists and inventors such as Robert Boyle, Marie Curie, Thomas Edison, Albert Einstein, Robert Fulton, Sir Isaac Newton, Louis Pasteur, and James Watt.

TX.113.33 (10.25) World History Studies: Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

10.25. (A) Identify ways archaeologists, anthropologists, historians, and geographers analyze limited evidence.

10.25. (B) Locate and use primary and secondary sources such as computer software, databases, media and news services, biographies, interviews, and artifacts to acquire information.

10.25. (C) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.

10.25. (D) Explain and apply different methods that historians use to interpret the past, including the use of primary and secondary sources, points of view, frames of reference, and historical context.

10.25. (E) Use the process of historical inquiry to research, interpret, and use multiple sources of evidence.

10.25. (F) Evaluate the validity of a source based on language, corroboration with other sources, and information about the author.

10.25. (G) Identify bias in written, oral, and visual material.

10.25. (H) Support a point of view on a social studies issue or event.

10.25. (I) Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs.

TX.113.33 (10.26) World History Studies: Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

10.26. (A) Use social studies terminology correctly.

10.26. (B) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.

10.26. (C) Interpret and create databases, research outlines, bibliographies, and visuals including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps.

10.26. (D) Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and statistical to written or visual, using computer software as appropriate.

TX.113.33 (10.27) World History Studies: Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

10.27. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.

10.27. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision.

TX.113.36 (10.1) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands the dynamics of the relationships between self and others to be a contributing member of the community.

10.1. (A) Participate in class as a leader and follower.

10.1. (B) Adjust behavior appropriately to fit various situations.

10.1. (C) Contribute to the development of a supportive climate in groups.

10.1. (D) Accept and fulfill social responsibilities associated with citizenship in a group setting.

TX.113.36 (10.2) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands that beliefs, decisions, and actions have consequences.

10.2. (A) Predict the likely outcome of given courses of action in particular situations, such as refusing to pay taxes, to register to vote, or to obey the speed limit.

10.2. (B) Evaluate the predicted outcomes of given courses of actions in particular situations based on an understanding of the development of morality.

TX.113.36 (10.3) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands behavioral, social learning, and cognitive perspectives of motivation to describe his or her role and impact on economic systems.

10.3. (A) Apply various perspectives of motivation to a given economic situation such as the choice of car to purchase, personal budget priorities, or choice of jobs.

10.3. (B) Describe the role of reinforcement and punishment in determining persistence-and-effort allocation.

10.3. (C) Describe the processes of modeling/imitation and vicarious reinforcement using typical classroom situations.

10.3. (D) Describe and explain self-esteem, self-efficacy, and expectancy from the perspective of attribution theory.

TX.113.36 (10.4) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands the influence of sensory perceptions on the shaping of individual beliefs and attitudes.

10.4. (A) Relate sensation and perception to various points of view.

10.4. (B) Define and give examples of bias related to various points of view.

TX.113.36 (10.5) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands the relationship between biology and behavior.

10.5. (A) Describe the anatomy and localized function of given brain areas.

10.5. (B) Explain the effects of the endocrine system on development and behavior.

TX.113.36 (10.6) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands the basic principles of tests and measurements.

10.6. (A) Define and differentiate reliability and validity.

10.6. (B) Define the concept of 'transformed score' and give examples of various types including percentile grade equivalent scores, intelligence quotient (IQ) scores, and College Entrance Examination Board (CEEB) scores such as Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and Graduate Record Examination (GRE).

TX.113.36 (10.7) Psychology (Elective Course): History: The student understands the history of the field of psychology.

10.7. (A) Identify defining characteristics that differentiate the field of psychology from other related social sciences.

10.7. (B) Trace the impact of associationism, psychodynamic (Freudian) thinking, behaviorism, and humanism on current thinking in psychology.

TX.113.36 (10.8) Psychology (Elective Course): History: The student compares the processes of theory development and validation.

10.8. (A) Define and differentiate the concepts of theory and principle.

10.8. (B) Describe the relationship between earlier and later theories related to a given psychological construct.

10.8. (C) Identify and describe the basic methods of social scientific reasoning.

TX.113.36 (10.9) Psychology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands the dynamic relationships between self and one's environment.

10.9. (A) Describe and explain learning as an adaptation to the environment.

10.9. (B) Relate cultural perspectives to the traditional physical environment of the culture group.

10.9. (C) Explain types of relationships of individuals with other individuals and with groups.

TX.113.36 (10.10) Psychology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands behavioral, social, and cognitive perspectives of human learning.

10.10. (A) Identify related antecedents, behavior, and consequences in a provided behavioral situation.

10.10. (B) Identify elements of social learning theory in modern advertising.

10.10. (C) Describe the relationship between components of the structural information processing model.

10.10. (D) Evaluate the various perspectives of human learning and specify the strengths and weaknesses of each.

TX.113.36 (10.11) Psychology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands the role of culture in forming the foundation and orienting framework for individuals and social behavior.

10.11. (A) Explain factors involved in cognitive development according to Piaget.

10.11. (B) Define common psychological disorders.

10.11. (C) Describe Erickson's stages of psychosocial development.

10.11. (D) Determine cultural influences such as fads or peers on one's own social behavior.

TX.113.36 (10.12) Psychology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands personality development theories, including the applications and limitations.

10.12. (A) Give examples of growth and development based on social learning, behavioral, and cognitive theories.

10.12. (B) Evaluate the presented theories of human development and specify the strengths and weaknesses of each.

TX.113.36 (10.13) Psychology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

10.13. (A) Create a product on a contemporary psychology-related issue or topic using critical methods of inquiry.

10.13. (C) Define and compute measures of central tendency (mean, median, and mode) and dispersion (range and standard deviation).

10.13. (D) Explain and illustrate cautions related to interpreting statistics in news stories.

10.13. (E) Apply evaluation rules to quantitative information.

10.13. (F) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.

TX.113.36 (10.14) Psychology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

10.14. (A) Use psychology-related terminology correctly.

10.14. (B) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.

10.14. (C) Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and written or visual to statistical, using computer software as appropriate.

10.14. (D) Create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information.

TX.113.36 (10.15) Psychology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

10.15. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.

10.15. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision.

10.15. (C) Participate in conflict resolution using persuasion, compromise, debate, and negotiation.

TX.113.36 (10.16) Psychology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student develops long-term and short-term goal-setting skills for individual and community problem solving.

10.16. (A) Illustrate the relationship and sequence between intermediate goals and terminal goals.

10.16. (B) Monitor and evaluate self-directed inquiry or projects for timelines, accuracy, and goal attainment.

TX.113.36 (10.17) Psychology (Elective Course): Science and technology. The student understands the implication of technology for the collection, storage, and use of psychological data.

10.17. (A) Apply the standards of the American Psychological Association for ethical decision making regarding the collection, storage, and use of psychological data.

10.17. (B) Acquire information through the use of electronic sources.

TX.113.36 (10.18) Psychology (Elective Course): Science and technology. The student understands the relationship of changes in technology to personal growth and development.

10.18. (A) Analyze examples of attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors related to changes in available technology.

10.18. (B) Evaluate the impact of changes in technology on personal growth and development.

TX.113.37 (10.1) Sociology (Elective Course): Citizenship: The student understands that individuals require knowledge of the dynamics of the relationships between self and others to be contributing members of the community.

10.1. (A) Describe models of group systems and the interactive roles of individuals, groups, and the community.

10.1. (B) Evaluate role conflicts and methods of resolution that may occur among individuals and groups.

TX.113.37 (10.2) Sociology (Elective Course): Citizenship: The student analyzes groups in terms of membership roles, status, values, and socioeconomic stratification.

10.2. (A) Compare the roles of group membership in various formal and informal groups.

10.2. (B) Compare the roles of group membership in selected primary and secondary groups.

TX.113.37 (10.3) Sociology (Elective Course): Economics: The student understands how socioeconomic stratification affects human motivation.

10.3. (A) Analyze the relationship between socioeconomic stratification and human motivation.

10.3. (B) Analyze the influence of different motivations and aspirations on economic decisions.

TX.113.37 (10.4) Sociology (Elective Course): Economics: The student understands the relationship between socioeconomic stratification and cultural values.

10.4. (A) Compare cultural values associated with socioeconomic stratification.

10.4. (B) Analyze and explain the influence of cultural values on economic behavior.

TX.113.37 (10.5) Sociology (Elective Course): Geography: The student uses geographic tools to collect, analyze, and interpret sociological data.

10.5. (A) Create thematic maps, graphs, charts, models, and data bases that represent various aspects of demographic and cultural patterns.

10.5. (B) Pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and demographic and cultural patterns shown on maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases.

TX.113.37 (10.6) Sociology (Elective Course): Geography: The student understands that socialization, cultural values, and norms vary in different geographic places and regions.

10.6. (A) Compare socialization in selected regions of the United States.

10.6. (B) Compare how geographic considerations have influenced the development of cultural values and norms.

TX.113.37 (10.7) Sociology (Elective Course): Government: The student understands how governments promote cultural values and provide for social controls.

10.7. (A) Identify the relationships between cultural values and the purposes and policies of government.

10.7. (B) Describe types of government social controls.

TX.113.37 (10.8) Sociology (Elective Course): Government: The student understands different styles and forms of leadership, political socialization, and communication techniques that influence perception, attitudes, and behavior.

10.8. (A) Identify and describe different forms of leadership as they relate to group-motivation techniques.

10.8. (B) Analyze the relationship among social class, racial, ethnic, and other culture group membership, and political power in the United States.

10.8. (C) Evaluate different communication techniques, including propaganda and advertising, used to influence perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of persons and groups.

TX.113.37 (10.9) Sociology (Elective Course): History: The student understands the theoretical perspectives of the historic interpretations of human social development.

10.9. (A) Trace the development of the field of sociology.

10.9. (B) Identify major sociologists and explain their contributions to the field.

TX.113.37 (10.10) Sociology (Elective Course): History: The student understands the causes and effects of social and institutional changes.

10.10. (A) Evaluate changes in U.S. institutions resulting from industrialization, urbanization, and immigrant assimilation.

10.10. (B) Analyze changes such as those in advertising, food, and business in the majority U.S. culture resulting from adaptations to various immigrant and Native-American cultures.

TX.113.37 (10.11) Sociology (Elective Course): History: The student understands basic sociological principles related to change within a group and across groups.

10.11. (A) Relate theories of change to major changes in U.S. public policy such as the origins and consequences of the civil rights movement.

10.11. (B) Analyze social change and resulting social problems within and across groups.

TX.113.37 (10.12) Sociology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands how cultural socialization, norms, values, motivation, and communication influence relationships among groups.

10.12. (A) Compare cultural norms among various U.S. subculture groups such as ethnic, national origin, age, socioeconomic strata, and gender groups.

10.12. (B) Describe stereotypes of the various U.S. subcultures.

10.12. (C) Analyze social problems in selected U.S. subcultures.

TX.113.37 (10.13) Sociology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands how people develop social institutions to meet basic needs in a society.

10.13. (A) Summarize the functions of social institutions such as the family, religion, and education.

10.13. (B) Evaluate the importance of social institutions in the United States.

TX.113.37 (10.14) Sociology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

10.14. (A) Create a product on a contemporary sociological issue or topic using critical methods of inquiry.

10.14. (B) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.

10.14. (C) Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret sociological information.

TX.113.37 (10.15) Sociology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

10.15. (A) Use sociology-related terminology correctly.

10.15. (B) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.

10.15. (C) Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and written or visual to statistical, using computer software as appropriate.

10.15. (D) Create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information.

TX.113.37 (10.16) Sociology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

10.16. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.

10.16. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision.

10.16. (C) Participate in conflict resolution using persuasion, compromise, debate, and negotiation.

TX.113.37 (10.17) Sociology (Elective Course): Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands the impact of scientific discoveries and technological innovations on individuals and societies.

10.17. (A) Analyze how individual and societal behavior has changed as a result of scientific discoveries and technological innovations.

10.17. (B) Predict societal changes resulting from innovations in science and technology.

TX.113.37 (10.18) Sociology (Elective Course): Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands the impact of changes in science and technology on moral and ethical issues.

10.18. (A) Analyze how the norms and behaviors of a selected U.S. subculture group have changed as a result of changes in science and technology.

10.18. (B) Evaluate a current ethical issue that has resulted from scientific discoveries and/or technological innovations.

TX.113.38 (10.1) Special Topics in Social Studies (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

10.1. (A) Differentiate between, locate, and use primary and secondary sources such as computer software, databases, media and news services, biographies, interviews, and artifacts to acquire information about a selected topic in social studies.

10.1. (B) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.

10.1. (C) Identify points of view from the historic context surrounding an event and the frame of reference that influenced the participants.

10.1. (D) Support a point of view on a social studies issue or event.

10.1. (E) Identify bias in written, oral, and visual material.

10.1. (F) Evaluate the validity of a source based on language, corroboration with other sources, and information about the author.

10.1. (G) Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs.

TX.113.38 (10.2) Special Topics in Social Studies (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

10.2. (A) Use social studies terminology correctly.

10.2. (B) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.

10.2. (C) Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and statistical to written or visual, using computer software as appropriate.

10.2. (D) Create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information.

TX.113.38 (10.3) Special Topics in Social Studies (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

10.3. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.

10.3. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision.

TX.113.39 (10.1) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the basic philosophical foundation for qualitative and quantitative methods of inquiry.

10.1. (A) Develop and use criteria for the evaluation of qualitative and quantitative information.

10.1. (B) Generate logical and consistent conclusions from given qualitative and quantitative information.

10.1. (C) Design a research project with a rationale for a given research method.

TX.113.39 (10.2) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the need for an organizing framework to identify a problem or area of interest and collect information.

10.2. (A) Select an issue, problem, or area of interest, write a rationale and preliminary ideas for research methods, and develop a bibliography.

10.2. (B) Apply a process approach to a research problem.

TX.113.39 (10.3) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the fundamental principles and requirements of validity and reliability (both social science and historical fields of inquiry).

10.3. (A) Define and differentiate reliability and validity.

10.3. (B) Identify methods of checking for reliability.

10.3. (C) Evaluate various sources for reliability and validity and justify the conclusions.

TX.113.39 (10.4) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands how data can be collected from a variety of sources using a variety of methods.

10.4. (A) Collect information from a variety of sources (primary, secondary, written, and oral) using techniques such as questionnaires, interviews, and library research.

10.4. (B) Use various technology such as CD-ROM, library topic catalogues, networks, and on-line information systems to collect information about a selected topic.

TX.113.39 (10.5) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the use of theory and research for descriptive and predictive purposes.

10.5. (A) Describe the results of a research process.

10.5. (B) Make predictions as to future actions and/or outcomes based on conclusions of research.

TX.113.39 (10.6) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the principles and requirements of the scientific method.

10.6. (A) Apply the scientific method in a research project.

10.6. (B) Create a matrix relating various research methodologies such as survey research, ethnography, primary documents, and statistical analysis to given subject areas.

10.6. (C) Determine the most efficient research approach from a variety of alternatives using a cost-benefit analysis.

TX.113.39 (10.7) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands basic statistical approaches to the analysis of aggregate information.

10.7. (A) Define and compute statistical information using various statistical approaches such as means testing and correlation, measures of central tendency and distribution, the development of categorical systems, and logical analysis.

10.7. (B) Analyze information using a spreadsheet or statistical analysis information software.

TX.113.39 (10.8) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the requirements of graphic displays of data.

10.8. (A) Construct visuals such as charts, graphs, tables, time lines, and maps to convey appropriate data.

10.8. (B) Create a presentation on a selected topic using word-processing, graphics, and multimedia software.

TX.113.39 (10.9) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the basic principles of historic analysis.

10.9. (A) Differentiate between primary and secondary sources and describe the best uses for each.

10.9. (B) Construct and test cause-and-effect hypotheses and compare them with correlational analyses.

10.9. (C) Select the appropriate use of chronological relationships in historiography.

TX.113.39 (10.10) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the ethical aspects of collecting, storing, and using data.

10.10. (A) Describe breaches of ethical standards for handling human experimental or survey information in a given scenario.

10.10. (B) Evaluate the relationship among copyright laws, proper citation requirements, and ethical ways of collecting and presenting information.

TX.113.52 (10.1) Social Studies Advanced Studies (Elective Course): The student will investigate, independently or collaboratively, a problem, issue, or concern within a selected profession or discipline.

10.1. (A) Analyze the relationship between his or her interests and career/discipline.

10.1. (B) Review literature from varied sources from the selected career or discipline.

10.1. (C) Identify a problem, issue, or concern.

10.1. (D) Survey and/or interview professionals to determine the appropriateness of a project.

10.1. (E) Develop a proposal that includes well-defined questions, goals and objectives, rationale, and procedures for the project.

TX.113.52 (10.2) Social Studies Advanced Studies (Elective Course): The student will demonstrate understanding of the research methods and/or technologies used in a selected profession or discipline.

10.2. (A) Develop an understanding of the requirements and practices of the profession in the selected career or discipline through observation.

10.2. (B) Simulate the methods and/or technologies used in the research process particular to the selected field or discipline.

10.2. (C) Review and revise the original proposal to reflect changes needed based upon preliminary research and practices.

TX.113.52 (10.3) Social Studies Advanced Studies (Elective Course): The student will develop products that meet standards recognized by the selected profession or discipline.

10.3. (A) Collaborate with the appropriate professionals to define the product.

10.3. (B) Develop a plan for product completion.

10.3. (C) Develop assessment criteria for successful completion of the project.

10.3. (D) Establish the appropriateness of the product for the intended audience.

10.3. (E) Implement the plan for product completion.

10.3. (F) Maintain a journal to document all phases of the implementation of the plan and reflections on learning experiences and processes.

TX.113.52 (10.4) Social Studies Advanced Studies (Elective Course): The student will demonstrate an understanding of the selected problem, issue, or concern by explaining or justifying findings to an appropriate audience for public comment or professional response.

10.4. (A) Review and revise the plan to present the findings.

10.4. (B) Make arrangements for the presentation of findings to an appropriate audience.

10.4. (C) Present findings, simulating the skills used by professionals.

10.4. (D) Consider feedback received from the audience.

10.4. (E) Reflect on the study and its potential for impact on the field.

10.4. (F) Reflect on personal learning experiences of the study.

TX.113.32 (11.1) United States History: History: The student understands traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history from 1877 to the present.

11.1. (A) Identify the major eras in U.S. history from 1877 to the present and describe their defining characteristics.

11.1. (B) Apply absolute and relative chronology through the sequencing of significant individuals, events, and time periods.

11.1. (C) Explain the significance of the following dates: 1898, 1914-1918, 1929, 1941-1945, and 1957.

TX.113.32 (11.2) United States History: History: The student understands the political, economic, and social changes in the United States from 1877 to 1898.

11.2. (A) Analyze political issues such as Indian policies, the growth of political machines, and civil service reform.

11.2. (B) Analyze economic issues such as industrialization, the growth of railroads, the growth of labor unions, farm issues, and the rise of big business.

11.2. (C) Analyze social issues such as the treatment of minorities, child labor, growth of cities, and problems of immigrants.

TX.113.32 (11.3) United States History: History: The student understands the emergence of the United States as a world power between 1898 and 1920.

11.3. (A) Explain why significant events and individuals, including the Spanish-American War, U.S. expansionism, Henry Cabot Lodge, Alfred Thayer Mahan, and Theodore Roosevelt, moved the United States into the position of a world power.

11.3. (B) Identify the reasons for U.S. involvement in World War I, including unrestricted submarine warfare.

11.3. (C) Analyze significant events such as the battle of Argonne Forest and the impact of significant individuals including John J. Pershing during World War I.

11.3. (D) Analyze major issues raised by U.S. involvement in World War I, Wilson's Fourteen Points, and the Treaty of Versailles.

TX.113.32 (11.4) United States History: History: The student understands the effects of reform and third party movements on American society.

11.4. (A) Evaluate the impact of Progressive Era reforms including initiative, referendum, recall, and the passage of the 16th and 17th amendments.

11.4. (B) Evaluate the impact of reform leaders such as Susan B. Anthony, W.E.B. DuBois, and Robert LaFollette on American society.

11.4. (C) Evaluate the impact of third parties and their candidates such as Eugene Debs, H. Ross Perot, and George Wallace.

TX.113.32 (11.5) United States History: History: The student understands significant individuals, events, and issues of the 1920s.

11.5. (A) Analyze causes and effects of significant issues such as immigration, the Red Scare, Prohibition, and the changing role of women.

11.5. (B) Analyze the impact of significant individuals such as Clarence Darrow, William Jennings Bryan, Henry Ford, and Charles A. Lindbergh.

TX.113.32 (11.6) United States History: History: The student understands the impact of significant national and international decisions and conflicts from World War II and the Cold War to the present on the United States.

11.6. (A) Identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including the growth of dictatorships and the attack on Pearl Harbor.

11.6. (B) Analyze major issues and events of World War II such as fighting the war on multiple fronts, the internment of Japanese-Americans, the Holocaust, the battle of Midway, the invasion of Normandy, and the development of and Harry Truman's decision to use the atomic bomb.

11.6. (C) Explain the roles played by significant military leaders during World War II, including Omar Bradley, Dwight Eisenhower, Douglas MacArthur, George Marshall, and George Patton.

11.6. (D) Describe U.S. responses to Soviet aggression after World War II, including the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and the Berlin airlift.

11.6. (E) Analyze the conflicts in Korea and Vietnam and describe their domestic and international effects.

11.6. (F) Describe the impact of the GI Bill, the election of 1948, McCarthyism, and Sputnik I.

11.6. (G) Analyze reasons for the Western victory in the Cold War and the challenges of changing relationships among nations.

11.6. (H) Identify the origins of major domestic and foreign policy issues currently facing the United States.

TX.113.32 (11.7) United States History: History: The student understands the impact of the American civil rights movement.

11.7. (A) Trace the historical development of the civil rights movement in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, including the 13th, 14th, 15th amendments.

11.7. (B) Identify significant leaders of the civil rights movement, including Martin Luther King, Jr.

11.7. (C) Evaluate government efforts, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964, to achieve equality in the United States.

11.7. (D) Identify changes in the United States that have resulted from the civil rights movement such as increased participation of minorities in the political process.

TX.113.32 (11.8) United States History: Geography: The student uses geographic tools to collect, analyze, and interpret data.

11.8. (A) Create thematic maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases representing various aspects of the United States.

11.8. (B) Pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and patterns shown on maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases.

TX.113.32 (11.9) United States History: Geography: The student understands the impact of geographic factors on major events.

11.9. (A) Analyze the effects of physical and human geographic factors on major events including the building of the Panama Canal.

11.9. (B) Identify and explain reasons for changes in political boundaries such as those resulting from statehood and international conflicts.

TX.113.32 (11.10) United States History: Geography: The student understands the effects of migration and immigration on American society.

11.10. (A) Analyze the effects of changing demographic patterns resulting from migration within the United States.

11.10. (B) Analyze the effects of changing demographic patterns resulting from immigration to the United States.

TX.113.32 (11.11) United States History: Geography: The student understands the relationship between population growth and modernization on the physical environment.

11.11. (A) Identify the effects of population growth and distribution and predict future effects on the physical environment.

11.11. (B) Trace the development of the conservation of natural resources, including the establishment of the National Park System and efforts of private nonprofit organizations.

TX.113.32 (11.12) United States History: Economics: The student understands domestic and foreign issues related to U.S. economic growth from the 1870s to 1920.

11.12. (A) Analyze the relationship between private property rights and the settlement of the Great Plains.

11.12. (B) Compare the purpose of the Interstate Commerce Commission with its performance over time.

11.12. (C) Describe the impact of the Sherman Antitrust Act on businesses.

11.12. (D) Analyze the effects of economic policies including the Open Door Policy and Dollar Diplomacy on U.S. diplomacy.

11.12. (E) Describe the economic effects of international military conflicts, including the Spanish-American War and World War I, on the United States.

TX.113.32 (11.13) United States History: Economics: The student understands significant economic developments between World War I and World War II.

11.13. (A) Analyze causes of economic growth and prosperity in the 1920s.

11.13. (B) Analyze the causes of the Great Depression, including the decline in worldwide trade, the stock market crash, and bank failures.

11.13. (C) Analyze the effects of the Great Depression on the U.S. economy and government.

11.13. (D) Evaluate the effectiveness of New Deal measures in ending the Great Depression.

11.13. (E) Analyze how various New Deal agencies and programs such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and Social Security continue to affect the lives of U.S. citizens.

TX.113.32 (11.14) United States History: Economics: The student understands the economic effects of World War II, the Cold War, and increased worldwide competition on contemporary society.

11.14. (A) Describe the economic effects of World War II on the home front, including rationing, female employment, and the end of the Great Depression.

11.14. (B) Identify the causes and effects of prosperity in the 1950s.

11.14. (C) Describe the impact of the Cold War on the business cycle and defense spending.

11.14. (D) Identify actions of government and the private sector to expand economic opportunities to all citizens.

11.14. (E) Describe the dynamic relationship between U.S. international trade policies and the U.S. free enterprise system.

TX.113.32 (11.15) United States History: Government: The student understands changes in the role of government over time.

11.15. (A) Evaluate the impact of New Deal legislation on the historical roles of state and federal governments.

11.15. (B) Explain the impact of significant international events such as World War I and World War II on changes in the role of the federal government.

11.15. (C) Evaluate the effects of political incidents such as Teapot Dome and Watergate on the views of U.S. citizens concerning the role of the federal government.

11.15. (D) Predict the effects of selected contemporary legislation on the roles of state and federal governments.

TX.113.32 (11.16) United States History: Government: The student understands the changing relationships among the three branches of the federal government.

11.16. (A) Evaluate the impact of events, including the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and the War Powers Act, on the relationship between the legislative and executive branches of government.

11.16. (B) Evaluate the impact of events, including Franklin Roosevelt's attempt to increase the number of U.S. Supreme Court justices, on the relationships among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government.

TX.113.32 (11.17) United States History: Government: The student understands the impact of constitutional issues on American society in the 20th century.

11.17. (A) Analyze the effects of 20th-century landmark U.S. Supreme Court decisions such as Brown v. Board of Education, Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, and Reynolds v. Sims.

11.17. (B) Analyze reasons for the adoption of 20th-century constitutional amendments.

TX.113.32 (11.18) United States History: Citizenship: The student understands efforts to expand the democratic process.

11.18. (A) Identify and analyze methods of expanding the right to participate in the democratic process, including lobbying, protesting, court decisions, and amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

11.18. (B) Evaluate various means of achieving equality of political rights, including the 19th, 24th, and 26th amendments.

11.18. (C) Explain how participation in the democratic process reflects our national identity.

TX.113.32 (11.19) United States History: Citizenship: The student understands the importance of effective leadership in a democratic society.

11.19. (A) Describe qualities of effective leadership.

11.19. (B) Evaluate the contributions of significant political and social leaders in the United States such as Andrew Carnegie, Shirley Chisholm, and Franklin D. Roosevelt.

11.19. (C) Identify the contributions of Texans who have been President of the United States.

TX.113.32 (11.20) United States History: Culture: The student understands the relationship between the arts and the times during which they were created.

11.20. (A) Describe how the characteristics and issues of various eras in U.S. history have been reflected in works of art, music, and literature such as the paintings of Georgia O'Keeffe, rock and roll, and John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath.

11.20. (B) Describe the impact of significant examples of cultural movements in art, music, and literature on American society, including the Harlem Renaissance.

11.20. (C) Identify examples of American art, music, and literature that transcend American culture and convey universal themes.

11.20. (D) Analyze the relationship between culture and the economy and identify examples such as the impact of the entertainment industry on the U.S. economy.

11.20. (E) Identify the impact of popular American culture on the rest of the world.

TX.113.32 (11.21) United States History: Culture: The student understands how people from various groups, including racial, ethnic, and religious groups, adapt to life in the United States and contribute to our national identity.

11.21. (A) Explain actions taken by people from racial, ethnic, and religious groups to expand economic opportunities and political rights in American society.

11.21. (B) Explain efforts of the Americanization movement to assimilate immigrants into American culture.

11.21. (C) Analyze how the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups have helped to shape the national identity.

11.21. (D) Identify the political, social, and economic contributions of women to American society.

TX.113.32 (11.22) United States History: Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands the impact of science and technology on the economic development of the United States.

11.22. (A) Explain the effects of scientific discoveries and technological innovations such as electric power, the telegraph and telephone, petroleum-based products, medical vaccinations, and computers on the development of the United States.

11.22. (B) Explain how scientific discoveries and technological innovations such as those in agriculture, the military, and medicine resulted from specific needs.

11.22. (C) Analyze the impact of technological innovations on the nature of work, the American labor movement, and businesses.

TX.113.32 (11.23) United States History: Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands the influence of scientific discoveries and technological innovations on daily life in the United States.

11.23. (A) Analyze how scientific discoveries and technological innovations, including those in transportation and communication, have changed the standard of living in the United States.

11.23. (B) Explain how technological innovations in areas such as space exploration have led to other innovations that affect daily life and the standard of living.

TX.113.32 (11.24) United States History: Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

11.24. (A) Locate and use primary and secondary sources such as computer software, databases, media and news services, biographies, interviews, and artifacts to acquire information about the United States.

11.24. (B) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.

11.24. (C) Explain and apply different methods that historians use to interpret the past, including the use of primary and secondary sources, points of view, frames of reference, and historical context.

11.24. (D) Use the process of historical inquiry to research, interpret, and use multiple sources of evidence.

11.24. (E) Evaluate the validity of a source based on language, corroboration with other sources, and information about the author.

11.24. (F) Identify bias in written, oral, and visual material.

11.24. (G) Support a point of view on a social studies issue or event.

11.24. (H) Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs.

TX.113.32 (11.25) United States History: Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

11.25. (A) Use social studies terminology correctly.

11.25. (B) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.

11.25. (C) Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and statistical to written or visual, using computer software as appropriate.

11.25. (D) Create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information.

TX.113.32 (11.26) United States History: Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

11.26. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.

11.26. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision.

TX.113.36 (11.1) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands the dynamics of the relationships between self and others to be a contributing member of the community.

11.1. (A) Participate in class as a leader and follower.

11.1. (B) Adjust behavior appropriately to fit various situations.

11.1. (C) Contribute to the development of a supportive climate in groups.

11.1. (D) Accept and fulfill social responsibilities associated with citizenship in a group setting.

TX.113.36 (11.2) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands that beliefs, decisions, and actions have consequences.

11.2. (A) Predict the likely outcome of given courses of action in particular situations, such as refusing to pay taxes, to register to vote, or to obey the speed limit.

11.2. (B) Evaluate the predicted outcomes of given courses of actions in particular situations based on an understanding of the development of morality.

TX.113.36 (11.3) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands behavioral, social learning, and cognitive perspectives of motivation to describe his or her role and impact on economic systems.

11.3. (A) Apply various perspectives of motivation to a given economic situation such as the choice of car to purchase, personal budget priorities, or choice of jobs.

11.3. (B) Describe the role of reinforcement and punishment in determining persistence-and-effort allocation.

11.3. (C) Describe the processes of modeling/imitation and vicarious reinforcement using typical classroom situations.

11.3. (D) Describe and explain self-esteem, self-efficacy, and expectancy from the perspective of attribution theory.

TX.113.36 (11.4) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands the influence of sensory perceptions on the shaping of individual beliefs and attitudes.

11.4. (A) Relate sensation and perception to various points of view.

11.4. (B) Define and give examples of bias related to various points of view.

TX.113.36 (11.5) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands the relationship between biology and behavior.

11.5. (A) Describe the anatomy and localized function of given brain areas.

11.5. (B) Explain the effects of the endocrine system on development and behavior.

TX.113.36 (11.6) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands the basic principles of tests and measurements.

11.6. (A) Define and differentiate reliability and validity.

11.6. (B) Define the concept of 'transformed score' and give examples of various types including percentile grade equivalent scores, intelligence quotient (IQ) scores, and College Entrance Examination Board (CEEB) scores such as Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and Graduate Record Examination (GRE).

TX.113.36 (11.7) Psychology (Elective Course): History: The student understands the history of the field of psychology.

11.7. (A) Identify defining characteristics that differentiate the field of psychology from other related social sciences.

11.7. (B) Trace the impact of associationism, psychodynamic (Freudian) thinking, behaviorism, and humanism on current thinking in psychology.

TX.113.36 (11.8) Psychology (Elective Course): History: The student compares the processes of theory development and validation.

11.8. (A) Define and differentiate the concepts of theory and principle.

11.8. (B) Describe the relationship between earlier and later theories related to a given psychological construct.

11.8. (C) Identify and describe the basic methods of social scientific reasoning.

TX.113.36 (11.9) Psychology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands the dynamic relationships between self and one's environment.

11.9. (A) Describe and explain learning as an adaptation to the environment.

11.9. (B) Relate cultural perspectives to the traditional physical environment of the culture group.

11.9. (C) Explain types of relationships of individuals with other individuals and with groups.

TX.113.36 (11.10) Psychology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands behavioral, social, and cognitive perspectives of human learning.

11.10. (A) Identify related antecedents, behavior, and consequences in a provided behavioral situation.

11.10. (B) Identify elements of social learning theory in modern advertising.

11.10. (C) Describe the relationship between components of the structural information processing model.

11.10. (D) Evaluate the various perspectives of human learning and specify the strengths and weaknesses of each.

TX.113.36 (11.11) Psychology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands the role of culture in forming the foundation and orienting framework for individuals and social behavior.

11.11. (A) Explain factors involved in cognitive development according to Piaget.

11.11. (B) Define common psychological disorders.

11.11. (C) Describe Erickson's stages of psychosocial development.

11.11. (D) Determine cultural influences such as fads or peers on one's own social behavior.

TX.113.36 (11.12) Psychology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands personality development theories, including the applications and limitations.

11.12. (A) Give examples of growth and development based on social learning, behavioral, and cognitive theories.

11.12. (B) Evaluate the presented theories of human development and specify the strengths and weaknesses of each.

TX.113.36 (11.13) Psychology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

11.13. (A) Create a product on a contemporary psychology-related issue or topic using critical methods of inquiry.

11.13. (C) Define and compute measures of central tendency (mean, median, and mode) and dispersion (range and standard deviation).

11.13. (D) Explain and illustrate cautions related to interpreting statistics in news stories.

11.13. (E) Apply evaluation rules to quantitative information.

11.13. (F) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.

TX.113.36 (11.14) Psychology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

11.14. (A) Use psychology-related terminology correctly.

11.14. (B) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.

11.14. (C) Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and written or visual to statistical, using computer software as appropriate.

11.14. (D) Create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information.

TX.113.36 (11.15) Psychology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

11.15. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.

11.15. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision.

11.15. (C) Participate in conflict resolution using persuasion, compromise, debate, and negotiation.

TX.113.36 (11.16) Psychology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student develops long-term and short-term goal-setting skills for individual and community problem solving.

11.16. (A) Illustrate the relationship and sequence between intermediate goals and terminal goals.

11.16. (B) Monitor and evaluate self-directed inquiry or projects for timelines, accuracy, and goal attainment.

TX.113.36 (11.17) Psychology (Elective Course): Science and technology. The student understands the implication of technology for the collection, storage, and use of psychological data.

11.17. (A) Apply the standards of the American Psychological Association for ethical decision making regarding the collection, storage, and use of psychological data.

11.17. (B) Acquire information through the use of electronic sources.

TX.113.36 (11.18) Psychology (Elective Course): Science and technology. The student understands the relationship of changes in technology to personal growth and development.

11.18. (A) Analyze examples of attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors related to changes in available technology.

11.18. (B) Evaluate the impact of changes in technology on personal growth and development.

TX.113.37 (11.1) Sociology (Elective Course): Citizenship: The student understands that individuals require knowledge of the dynamics of the relationships between self and others to be contributing members of the community.

11.1. (A) Describe models of group systems and the interactive roles of individuals, groups, and the community.

11.1. (B) Evaluate role conflicts and methods of resolution that may occur among individuals and groups.

TX.113.37 (11.2) Sociology (Elective Course): Citizenship: The student analyzes groups in terms of membership roles, status, values, and socioeconomic stratification.

11.2. (A) Compare the roles of group membership in various formal and informal groups.

11.2. (B) Compare the roles of group membership in selected primary and secondary groups.

TX.113.37 (11.3) Sociology (Elective Course): Economics: The student understands how socioeconomic stratification affects human motivation.

11.3. (A) Analyze the relationship between socioeconomic stratification and human motivation.

11.3. (B) Analyze the influence of different motivations and aspirations on economic decisions.

TX.113.37 (11.4) Sociology (Elective Course): Economics: The student understands the relationship between socioeconomic stratification and cultural values.

11.4. (A) Compare cultural values associated with socioeconomic stratification.

11.4. (B) Analyze and explain the influence of cultural values on economic behavior.

TX.113.37 (11.5) Sociology (Elective Course): Geography: The student uses geographic tools to collect, analyze, and interpret sociological data.

11.5. (A) Create thematic maps, graphs, charts, models, and data bases that represent various aspects of demographic and cultural patterns.

11.5. (B) Pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and demographic and cultural patterns shown on maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases.

TX.113.37 (11.6) Sociology (Elective Course): Geography: The student understands that socialization, cultural values, and norms vary in different geographic places and regions.

11.6. (A) Compare socialization in selected regions of the United States.

11.6. (B) Compare how geographic considerations have influenced the development of cultural values and norms.

TX.113.37 (11.7) Sociology (Elective Course): Government: The student understands how governments promote cultural values and provide for social controls.

11.7. (A) Identify the relationships between cultural values and the purposes and policies of government.

11.7. (B) Describe types of government social controls.

TX.113.37 (11.8) Sociology (Elective Course): Government: The student understands different styles and forms of leadership, political socialization, and communication techniques that influence perception, attitudes, and behavior.

11.8. (A) Identify and describe different forms of leadership as they relate to group-motivation techniques.

11.8. (B) Analyze the relationship among social class, racial, ethnic, and other culture group membership, and political power in the United States.

11.8. (C) Evaluate different communication techniques, including propaganda and advertising, used to influence perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of persons and groups.

TX.113.37 (11.9) Sociology (Elective Course): History: The student understands the theoretical perspectives of the historic interpretations of human social development.

11.9. (A) Trace the development of the field of sociology.

11.9. (B) Identify major sociologists and explain their contributions to the field.

TX.113.37 (11.10) Sociology (Elective Course): History: The student understands the causes and effects of social and institutional changes.

11.10. (A) Evaluate changes in U.S. institutions resulting from industrialization, urbanization, and immigrant assimilation.

11.10. (B) Analyze changes such as those in advertising, food, and business in the majority U.S. culture resulting from adaptations to various immigrant and Native-American cultures.

TX.113.37 (11.11) Sociology (Elective Course): History: The student understands basic sociological principles related to change within a group and across groups.

11.11. (A) Relate theories of change to major changes in U.S. public policy such as the origins and consequences of the civil rights movement.

11.11. (B) Analyze social change and resulting social problems within and across groups.

TX.113.37 (11.12) Sociology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands how cultural socialization, norms, values, motivation, and communication influence relationships among groups.

11.12. (A) Compare cultural norms among various U.S. subculture groups such as ethnic, national origin, age, socioeconomic strata, and gender groups.

11.12. (B) Describe stereotypes of the various U.S. subcultures.

11.12. (C) Analyze social problems in selected U.S. subcultures.

TX.113.37 (11.13) Sociology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands how people develop social institutions to meet basic needs in a society.

11.13. (A) Summarize the functions of social institutions such as the family, religion, and education.

11.13. (B) Evaluate the importance of social institutions in the United States.

TX.113.37 (11.14) Sociology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

11.14. (A) Create a product on a contemporary sociological issue or topic using critical methods of inquiry.

11.14. (B) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.

11.14. (C) Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret sociological information.

TX.113.37 (11.15) Sociology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

11.15. (A) Use sociology-related terminology correctly.

11.15. (B) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.

11.15. (C) Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and written or visual to statistical, using computer software as appropriate.

11.15. (D) Create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information.

TX.113.37 (11.16) Sociology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

11.16. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.

11.16. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision.

11.16. (C) Participate in conflict resolution using persuasion, compromise, debate, and negotiation.

TX.113.37 (11.17) Sociology (Elective Course): Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands the impact of scientific discoveries and technological innovations on individuals and societies.

11.17. (A) Analyze how individual and societal behavior has changed as a result of scientific discoveries and technological innovations.

11.17. (B) Predict societal changes resulting from innovations in science and technology.

TX.113.37 (11.18) Sociology (Elective Course): Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands the impact of changes in science and technology on moral and ethical issues.

11.18. (A) Analyze how the norms and behaviors of a selected U.S. subculture group have changed as a result of changes in science and technology.

11.18. (B) Evaluate a current ethical issue that has resulted from scientific discoveries and/or technological innovations.

TX.113.38 (11.1) Special Topics in Social Studies (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

11.1. (A) Differentiate between, locate, and use primary and secondary sources such as computer software, databases, media and news services, biographies, interviews, and artifacts to acquire information about a selected topic in social studies.

11.1. (B) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.

11.1. (C) Identify points of view from the historic context surrounding an event and the frame of reference that influenced the participants.

11.1. (D) Support a point of view on a social studies issue or event.

11.1. (E) Identify bias in written, oral, and visual material.

11.1. (F) Evaluate the validity of a source based on language, corroboration with other sources, and information about the author.

11.1. (G) Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs.

TX.113.38 (11.2) Special Topics in Social Studies (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

11.2. (A) Use social studies terminology correctly.

11.2. (B) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.

11.2. (C) Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and statistical to written or visual, using computer software as appropriate.

11.2. (D) Create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information.

TX.113.38 (11.3) Special Topics in Social Studies (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

11.3. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.

11.3. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision.

TX.113.39 (11.1) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the basic philosophical foundation for qualitative and quantitative methods of inquiry.

11.1. (A) Develop and use criteria for the evaluation of qualitative and quantitative information.

11.1. (B) Generate logical and consistent conclusions from given qualitative and quantitative information.

11.1. (C) Design a research project with a rationale for a given research method.

TX.113.39 (11.2) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the need for an organizing framework to identify a problem or area of interest and collect information.

11.2. (A) Select an issue, problem, or area of interest, write a rationale and preliminary ideas for research methods, and develop a bibliography.

11.2. (B) Apply a process approach to a research problem.

TX.113.39 (11.3) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the fundamental principles and requirements of validity and reliability (both social science and historical fields of inquiry).

11.3. (A) Define and differentiate reliability and validity.

11.3. (B) Identify methods of checking for reliability.

11.3. (C) Evaluate various sources for reliability and validity and justify the conclusions.

TX.113.39 (11.4) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands how data can be collected from a variety of sources using a variety of methods.

11.4. (A) Collect information from a variety of sources (primary, secondary, written, and oral) using techniques such as questionnaires, interviews, and library research.

11.4. (B) Use various technology such as CD-ROM, library topic catalogues, networks, and on-line information systems to collect information about a selected topic.

TX.113.39 (11.5) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the use of theory and research for descriptive and predictive purposes.

11.5. (A) Describe the results of a research process.

11.5. (B) Make predictions as to future actions and/or outcomes based on conclusions of research.

TX.113.39 (11.6) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the principles and requirements of the scientific method.

11.6. (A) Apply the scientific method in a research project.

11.6. (B) Create a matrix relating various research methodologies such as survey research, ethnography, primary documents, and statistical analysis to given subject areas.

11.6. (C) Determine the most efficient research approach from a variety of alternatives using a cost-benefit analysis.

TX.113.39 (11.7) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands basic statistical approaches to the analysis of aggregate information.

11.7. (A) Define and compute statistical information using various statistical approaches such as means testing and correlation, measures of central tendency and distribution, the development of categorical systems, and logical analysis.

11.7. (B) Analyze information using a spreadsheet or statistical analysis information software.

TX.113.39 (11.8) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the requirements of graphic displays of data.

11.8. (A) Construct visuals such as charts, graphs, tables, time lines, and maps to convey appropriate data.

11.8. (B) Create a presentation on a selected topic using word-processing, graphics, and multimedia software.

TX.113.39 (11.9) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the basic principles of historic analysis.

11.9. (A) Differentiate between primary and secondary sources and describe the best uses for each.

11.9. (B) Construct and test cause-and-effect hypotheses and compare them with correlational analyses.

11.9. (C) Select the appropriate use of chronological relationships in historiography.

TX.113.39 (11.10) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the ethical aspects of collecting, storing, and using data.

11.10. (A) Describe breaches of ethical standards for handling human experimental or survey information in a given scenario.

11.10. (B) Evaluate the relationship among copyright laws, proper citation requirements, and ethical ways of collecting and presenting information.

TX.113.52 (11.1) Social Studies Advanced Studies (Elective Course): The student will investigate, independently or collaboratively, a problem, issue, or concern within a selected profession or discipline.

11.1. (A) Analyze the relationship between his or her interests and career/discipline.

11.1. (B) Review literature from varied sources from the selected career or discipline.

11.1. (C) Identify a problem, issue, or concern.

11.1. (D) Survey and/or interview professionals to determine the appropriateness of a project.

11.1. (E) Develop a proposal that includes well-defined questions, goals and objectives, rationale, and procedures for the project.

TX.113.52 (11.2) Social Studies Advanced Studies (Elective Course): The student will demonstrate understanding of the research methods and/or technologies used in a selected profession or discipline.

11.2. (A) Develop an understanding of the requirements and practices of the profession in the selected career or discipline through observation.

11.2. (B) Simulate the methods and/or technologies used in the research process particular to the selected field or discipline.

11.2. (C) Review and revise the original proposal to reflect changes needed based upon preliminary research and practices.

TX.113.52 (11.3) Social Studies Advanced Studies (Elective Course): The student will develop products that meet standards recognized by the selected profession or discipline.

11.3. (A) Collaborate with the appropriate professionals to define the product.

11.3. (B) Develop a plan for product completion.

11.3. (C) Develop assessment criteria for successful completion of the project.

11.3. (D) Establish the appropriateness of the product for the intended audience.

11.3. (E) Implement the plan for product completion.

11.3. (F) Maintain a journal to document all phases of the implementation of the plan and reflections on learning experiences and processes.

TX.113.52 (11.4) Social Studies Advanced Studies (Elective Course): The student will demonstrate an understanding of the selected problem, issue, or concern by explaining or justifying findings to an appropriate audience for public comment or professional response.

11.4. (A) Review and revise the plan to present the findings.

11.4. (B) Make arrangements for the presentation of findings to an appropriate audience.

11.4. (C) Present findings, simulating the skills used by professionals.

11.4. (D) Consider feedback received from the audience.

11.4. (E) Reflect on the study and its potential for impact on the field.

11.4. (F) Reflect on personal learning experiences of the study.

TX.113.35 (12.1) United States Government: History: The student understands major political ideas and forms of government in history.

12.1. (A) Explain major political ideas in history such as natural law, natural rights, divine right of kings, and social contract theory.

12.1. (B) Identify the characteristics of classic forms of government such as absolute monarchy, authoritarianism, classical republic, despotism, feudalism, liberal democracy, and totalitarianism.

TX.113.35 (12.2) United States Government: History: The student understands how constitutional government, as developed in the United States, has been influenced by people, ideas, and historical documents.

12.2. (A) Analyze the principles and ideas that underlie the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution, including those of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Charles de Montesquieu.

12.2. (B) Analyze the contributions of the political philosophies of the Founding Fathers, including John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison, on the development of the U.S. government.

12.2. (C) Analyze debates and compromises necessary to reach political decisions using historical documents.

12.2. (D) Identify significant individuals in the field of government and politics, including Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, and selected contemporary leaders.

TX.113.35 (12.3) United States Government: History: The student understands the roles played by individuals, political parties, interest groups, and the media in the U.S. political system, past and present.

12.3. (A) Give examples of the processes used by individuals, political parties, interest groups, or the media to affect public policy.

12.3. (B) Analyze the impact of political changes brought about by individuals, political parties, interest groups, or the media, past and present.

TX.113.35 (12.4) United States Government: Geography: The student understands why certain places and regions are important to the United States.

12.4. (A) Analyze the political significance to the United States of the location and geographic characteristics of selected places or regions such as Cuba and Taiwan.

12.4. (B) Analyze the economic significance to the United States of the location and geographic characteristics of selected places and regions such as oil fields in the Middle East.

TX.113.35 (12.5) United States Government: Geography: The student understands how government policies can affect the physical and human characteristics of places and regions.

12.5. (A) Analyze and evaluate the consequences of a government policy that affects the physical characteristics of a place or region.

12.5. (B) Analyze and evaluate the consequences of a government policy that affects the human characteristics of a place or region.

TX.113.35 (12.6) United States Government: Economics: The student understands the roles played by local, state, and national governments in both the public and private sectors of the U.S. free enterprise system.

12.6. (A) Analyze government policies that influence the economy at the local, state, and national levels.

12.6. (B) Identify the sources of revenue and expenditures of the U. S. government and analyze their impact on the U.S. economy.

12.6. (C) Compare the role of government in the U.S. free enterprise system and other economic systems.

TX.113.35 (12.7) United States Government: Economics: The student understands the relationship between U.S. government policies and international trade.

12.7. (A) Explain the effects of international trade on U.S. economic and political policies.

12.7. (B) Explain the government's role in setting international trade policies.

TX.113.35 (12.8) United States Government: Government: The student understands the American beliefs and principles reflected in the U.S. Constitution.

12.8. (A) Explain the importance of a written constitution.

12.8. (B) Evaluate how the federal government serves the purposes set forth in the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution.

12.8. (C) Analyze how the Federalist Papers explain the principles of the American constitutional system of government.

12.8. (D) Evaluate constitutional provisions for limiting the role of government, including republicanism, checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, and individual rights.

12.8. (E) Analyze the processes by which the U.S. Constitution can be changed and evaluate their effectiveness.

12.8. (F) Analyze how the American beliefs and principles reflected in the U.S. Constitution contribute to our national identity.

TX.113.35 (12.9) United States Government: Government: The student understands the structure and functions of the government created by the U.S. Constitution.

12.9. (A) Analyze the structure and functions of the legislative branch of government, including the bicameral structure of Congress, the role of committees, and the procedure for enacting laws.

12.9. (B) Analyze the structure and functions of the executive branch of government, including the constitutional powers of the president, the growth of presidential power, and the role of the Cabinet and executive departments.

12.9. (C) Analyze the structure and functions of the judicial branch of government, including the federal court system and types of jurisdiction.

12.9. (D) Analyze the functions of selected independent executive agencies and regulatory commissions such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Federal Communications Commission.

12.9. (E) Explain how certain provisions of the U.S. Constitution provide for checks and balances among the three branches of government.

12.9. (F) Analyze selected issues raised by judicial activism and judicial restraint.

12.9. (G) Explain the major responsibilities of the federal government for domestic and foreign policy.

12.9. (H) Compare the structure and functions of the Texas state government to the federal system.

12.9. (I) Analyze the structure and functions of local government.

TX.113.35 (12.10) United States Government: Government: The student understands the concept of federalism.

12.10. (A) Explain why the Founding Fathers created a distinctly new form of federalism and adopted a federal system of government instead of a unitary system.

12.10. (B) Categorize government powers as national, state, or shared.

12.10. (C) Analyze historical conflicts over the respective roles of national and state governments.

12.10. (D) Evaluate the limits on the national and state governments in the U.S. federal system of government.

TX.113.35 (12.11) United States Government: Government: The student understands the processes for filling public offices in the U.S. system of government.

12.11. (A) Compare different methods of filling public offices, including elected and appointed offices, at the local, state, and national levels.

12.11. (B) Analyze and evaluate the process of electing the President of the United States.

TX.113.35 (12.12) United States Government: Government: The student understands the role of political parties in the U.S. system of government.

12.12. (A) Identify the functions of political parties.

12.12. (B) Analyze the two-party system and evaluate the role of third parties in the United States.

12.12. (C) Analyze the role of political parties in the electoral process at local, state, and national levels.

12.12. (D) Identify opportunities for citizens to participate in political party activities at local, state, and national levels.

TX.113.35 (12.13) United States Government: Government: The student understands the similarities and differences that exist among the U.S. system of government and other political systems.

12.13. (A) Compare the U.S. system of government with other political systems.

12.13. (B) Analyze advantages and disadvantages of federal, confederate, and unitary systems of government.

12.13. (C) Analyze advantages and disadvantages of presidential and parliamentary systems of government.

TX.113.35 (12.14) United States Government: Citizenship: The student understands rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution.

12.14. (A) Understand the roles of limited government and the rule of law to the protection of individual rights.

12.14. (B) Analyze the rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights, including first amendment freedoms.

12.14. (C) Analyze issues addressed in selected cases such as Engel v. Vitale, Miranda v. Arizona, and Schenck v. U.S. that involve Supreme Court interpretations of rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution.

12.14. (D) Analyze the role of each branch of government in protecting the rights of individuals.

12.14. (E) Explain the importance of due process rights to the protection of individual rights and to the limits on the powers of government.

12.14. (F) Analyze the impact of the incorporation doctrine involving due process and the Bill of Rights on individual rights, federalism, and majority rule.

TX.113.35 (12.15) United States Government: Citizenship: The student understands the difference between personal and civic responsibilities.

12.15. (A) Explain the difference between personal and civic responsibilities.

12.15. (B) Evaluate whether and/or when the obligation of citizenship requires that personal desires and interests be subordinated to the public good.

12.15. (C) Evaluate whether and/or when the rights of individuals are inviolable even against claims for the public good.

12.15. (D) Analyze the consequences of political decisions and actions on society.

TX.113.35 (12.16) United States Government: Citizenship: The student understands the importance of voluntary individual participation in the U.S. democratic society.

12.16. (A) Analyze the effectiveness of various methods of participation in the political process at local, state, and national levels.

12.16. (B) Analyze historical and contemporary examples of citizen movements to bring about political change or to maintain continuity.

12.16. (C) Analyze the factors that influence an individual's political attitudes and actions.

12.16. (D) Compare and evaluate characteristics, style, and effectiveness of state and national leaders, past and present.

TX.113.35 (12.17) United States Government: Citizenship: The student understands the importance of the expression of different points of view in a democratic society.

12.17. (A) Analyze different points of view of political parties and interest groups on important contemporary issues.

12.17. (B) Analyze the importance of free speech and press in a democratic society.

12.17. (C) Express and defend a point of view on an issue of contemporary interest in the United States.

TX.113.35 (12.18) United States Government: Culture: The student understands the relationship between government policies and the culture of the United States.

12.18. (A) Evaluate a political policy or decision in the United States that was a result of changes in American culture.

12.18. (B) Analyze changes in American culture brought about by government policies such as voting rights, the GI bill, and racial integration.

12.18. (C) Describe an example of a government policy that has affected a particular racial, ethnic, or religious group.

TX.113.35 (12.19) United States Government: Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands the role the government plays in developing policies and establishing conditions that influence scientific discoveries and technological innovations.

12.19. (A) Identify examples of government-assisted research that, when shared with the private sector, have resulted in improved consumer products such as computer and communication technologies.

12.19. (B) Analyze how U.S. government policies fostering competition and entrepreneurship have resulted in scientific discoveries and technological innovations.

TX.113.35 (12.20) United States Government: Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands the impact of advances in science and technology on government and society.

12.20. (A) Analyze the potential impact on society of recent scientific discoveries and technological innovations.

12.20. (B) Analyze the reaction of government to scientific discoveries and technological innovations.

TX.113.35 (12.21) United States Government: Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

12.21. (A) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.

12.21. (B) Create a product on a contemporary government issue or topic using critical methods of inquiry.

12.21. (C) Explain a point of view on a government issue.

12.21. (D) Analyze and evaluate the validity of information from primary and secondary sources for bias, propaganda, point of view, and frame of reference.

12.21. (E) Evaluate government data using charts, tables, graphs, and maps.

12.21. (F) Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs.

TX.113.35 (12.22) United States Government: Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

12.22. (A) Use social studies terminology correctly.

12.22. (B) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.

12.22. (C) Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and statistical to written or visual, using computer software as appropriate.

12.22. (D) Create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information.

TX.113.35 (12.23) United States Government: Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

12.23. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.

12.23. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision.

TX.113.36 (12.1) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands the dynamics of the relationships between self and others to be a contributing member of the community.

12.1. (A) Participate in class as a leader and follower.

12.1. (B) Adjust behavior appropriately to fit various situations.

12.1. (C) Contribute to the development of a supportive climate in groups.

12.1. (D) Accept and fulfill social responsibilities associated with citizenship in a group setting.

TX.113.36 (12.2) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands that beliefs, decisions, and actions have consequences.

12.2. (A) Predict the likely outcome of given courses of action in particular situations, such as refusing to pay taxes, to register to vote, or to obey the speed limit.

12.2. (B) Evaluate the predicted outcomes of given courses of actions in particular situations based on an understanding of the development of morality.

TX.113.36 (12.3) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands behavioral, social learning, and cognitive perspectives of motivation to describe his or her role and impact on economic systems.

12.3. (A) Apply various perspectives of motivation to a given economic situation such as the choice of car to purchase, personal budget priorities, or choice of jobs.

12.3. (B) Describe the role of reinforcement and punishment in determining persistence-and-effort allocation.

12.3. (C) Describe the processes of modeling/imitation and vicarious reinforcement using typical classroom situations.

12.3. (D) Describe and explain self-esteem, self-efficacy, and expectancy from the perspective of attribution theory.

TX.113.36 (12.4) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands the influence of sensory perceptions on the shaping of individual beliefs and attitudes.

12.4. (A) Relate sensation and perception to various points of view.

12.4. (B) Define and give examples of bias related to various points of view.

TX.113.36 (12.5) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands the relationship between biology and behavior.

12.5. (A) Describe the anatomy and localized function of given brain areas.

12.5. (B) Explain the effects of the endocrine system on development and behavior.

TX.113.36 (12.6) Psychology (Elective Course): The Individual in Society: The student understands the basic principles of tests and measurements.

12.6. (A) Define and differentiate reliability and validity.

12.6. (B) Define the concept of 'transformed score' and give examples of various types including percentile grade equivalent scores, intelligence quotient (IQ) scores, and College Entrance Examination Board (CEEB) scores such as Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and Graduate Record Examination (GRE).

TX.113.36 (12.7) Psychology (Elective Course): History: The student understands the history of the field of psychology.

12.7. (A) Identify defining characteristics that differentiate the field of psychology from other related social sciences.

12.7. (B) Trace the impact of associationism, psychodynamic (Freudian) thinking, behaviorism, and humanism on current thinking in psychology.

TX.113.36 (12.8) Psychology (Elective Course): History: The student compares the processes of theory development and validation.

12.8. (A) Define and differentiate the concepts of theory and principle.

12.8. (B) Describe the relationship between earlier and later theories related to a given psychological construct.

12.8. (C) Identify and describe the basic methods of social scientific reasoning.

TX.113.36 (12.9) Psychology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands the dynamic relationships between self and one's environment.

12.9. (A) Describe and explain learning as an adaptation to the environment.

12.9. (B) Relate cultural perspectives to the traditional physical environment of the culture group.

12.9. (C) Explain types of relationships of individuals with other individuals and with groups.

TX.113.36 (12.10) Psychology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands behavioral, social, and cognitive perspectives of human learning.

12.10. (A) Identify related antecedents, behavior, and consequences in a provided behavioral situation.

12.10. (B) Identify elements of social learning theory in modern advertising.

12.10. (C) Describe the relationship between components of the structural information processing model.

12.10. (D) Evaluate the various perspectives of human learning and specify the strengths and weaknesses of each.

TX.113.36 (12.11) Psychology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands the role of culture in forming the foundation and orienting framework for individuals and social behavior.

12.11. (A) Explain factors involved in cognitive development according to Piaget.

12.11. (B) Define common psychological disorders.

12.11. (C) Describe Erickson's stages of psychosocial development.

12.11. (D) Determine cultural influences such as fads or peers on one's own social behavior.

TX.113.36 (12.12) Psychology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands personality development theories, including the applications and limitations.

12.12. (A) Give examples of growth and development based on social learning, behavioral, and cognitive theories.

12.12. (B) Evaluate the presented theories of human development and specify the strengths and weaknesses of each.

TX.113.36 (12.13) Psychology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

12.13. (A) Create a product on a contemporary psychology-related issue or topic using critical methods of inquiry.

12.13. (C) Define and compute measures of central tendency (mean, median, and mode) and dispersion (range and standard deviation).

12.13. (D) Explain and illustrate cautions related to interpreting statistics in news stories.

12.13. (E) Apply evaluation rules to quantitative information.

12.13. (F) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.

TX.113.36 (12.14) Psychology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

12.14. (A) Use psychology-related terminology correctly.

12.14. (B) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.

12.14. (C) Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and written or visual to statistical, using computer software as appropriate.

12.14. (D) Create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information.

TX.113.36 (12.15) Psychology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

12.15. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.

12.15. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision.

12.15. (C) Participate in conflict resolution using persuasion, compromise, debate, and negotiation.

TX.113.36 (12.16) Psychology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student develops long-term and short-term goal-setting skills for individual and community problem solving.

12.16. (A) Illustrate the relationship and sequence between intermediate goals and terminal goals.

12.16. (B) Monitor and evaluate self-directed inquiry or projects for timelines, accuracy, and goal attainment.

TX.113.36 (12.17) Psychology (Elective Course): Science and technology. The student understands the implication of technology for the collection, storage, and use of psychological data.

12.17. (A) Apply the standards of the American Psychological Association for ethical decision making regarding the collection, storage, and use of psychological data.

12.17. (B) Acquire information through the use of electronic sources.

TX.113.36 (12.18) Psychology (Elective Course): Science and technology. The student understands the relationship of changes in technology to personal growth and development.

12.18. (A) Analyze examples of attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors related to changes in available technology.

12.18. (B) Evaluate the impact of changes in technology on personal growth and development.

TX.113.37 (12.1) Sociology (Elective Course): Citizenship: The student understands that individuals require knowledge of the dynamics of the relationships between self and others to be contributing members of the community.

12.1. (A) Describe models of group systems and the interactive roles of individuals, groups, and the community.

12.1. (B) Evaluate role conflicts and methods of resolution that may occur among individuals and groups.

TX.113.37 (12.2) Sociology (Elective Course): Citizenship: The student analyzes groups in terms of membership roles, status, values, and socioeconomic stratification.

12.2. (A) Compare the roles of group membership in various formal and informal groups.

12.2. (B) Compare the roles of group membership in selected primary and secondary groups.

TX.113.37 (12.3) Sociology (Elective Course): Economics: The student understands how socioeconomic stratification affects human motivation.

12.3. (A) Analyze the relationship between socioeconomic stratification and human motivation.

12.3. (B) Analyze the influence of different motivations and aspirations on economic decisions.

TX.113.37 (12.4) Sociology (Elective Course): Economics: The student understands the relationship between socioeconomic stratification and cultural values.

12.4. (A) Compare cultural values associated with socioeconomic stratification.

12.4. (B) Analyze and explain the influence of cultural values on economic behavior.

TX.113.37 (12.5) Sociology (Elective Course): Geography: The student uses geographic tools to collect, analyze, and interpret sociological data.

12.5. (A) Create thematic maps, graphs, charts, models, and data bases that represent various aspects of demographic and cultural patterns.

12.5. (B) Pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and demographic and cultural patterns shown on maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases.

TX.113.37 (12.6) Sociology (Elective Course): Geography: The student understands that socialization, cultural values, and norms vary in different geographic places and regions.

12.6. (A) Compare socialization in selected regions of the United States.

12.6. (B) Compare how geographic considerations have influenced the development of cultural values and norms.

TX.113.37 (12.7) Sociology (Elective Course): Government: The student understands how governments promote cultural values and provide for social controls.

12.7. (A) Identify the relationships between cultural values and the purposes and policies of government.

12.7. (B) Describe types of government social controls.

TX.113.37 (12.8) Sociology (Elective Course): Government: The student understands different styles and forms of leadership, political socialization, and communication techniques that influence perception, attitudes, and behavior.

12.8. (A) Identify and describe different forms of leadership as they relate to group-motivation techniques.

12.8. (B) Analyze the relationship among social class, racial, ethnic, and other culture group membership, and political power in the United States.

12.8. (C) Evaluate different communication techniques, including propaganda and advertising, used to influence perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of persons and groups.

TX.113.37 (12.9) Sociology (Elective Course): History: The student understands the theoretical perspectives of the historic interpretations of human social development.

12.9. (A) Trace the development of the field of sociology.

12.9. (B) Identify major sociologists and explain their contributions to the field.

TX.113.37 (12.10) Sociology (Elective Course): History: The student understands the causes and effects of social and institutional changes.

12.10. (A) Evaluate changes in U.S. institutions resulting from industrialization, urbanization, and immigrant assimilation.

12.10. (B) Analyze changes such as those in advertising, food, and business in the majority U.S. culture resulting from adaptations to various immigrant and Native-American cultures.

TX.113.37 (12.11) Sociology (Elective Course): History: The student understands basic sociological principles related to change within a group and across groups.

12.11. (A) Relate theories of change to major changes in U.S. public policy such as the origins and consequences of the civil rights movement.

12.11. (B) Analyze social change and resulting social problems within and across groups.

TX.113.37 (12.12) Sociology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands how cultural socialization, norms, values, motivation, and communication influence relationships among groups.

12.12. (A) Compare cultural norms among various U.S. subculture groups such as ethnic, national origin, age, socioeconomic strata, and gender groups.

12.12. (B) Describe stereotypes of the various U.S. subcultures.

12.12. (C) Analyze social problems in selected U.S. subcultures.

TX.113.37 (12.13) Sociology (Elective Course): Culture: The student understands how people develop social institutions to meet basic needs in a society.

12.13. (A) Summarize the functions of social institutions such as the family, religion, and education.

12.13. (B) Evaluate the importance of social institutions in the United States.

TX.113.37 (12.14) Sociology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

12.14. (A) Create a product on a contemporary sociological issue or topic using critical methods of inquiry.

12.14. (B) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.

12.14. (C) Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret sociological information.

TX.113.37 (12.15) Sociology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

12.15. (A) Use sociology-related terminology correctly.

12.15. (B) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.

12.15. (C) Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and written or visual to statistical, using computer software as appropriate.

12.15. (D) Create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information.

TX.113.37 (12.16) Sociology (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

12.16. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.

12.16. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision.

12.16. (C) Participate in conflict resolution using persuasion, compromise, debate, and negotiation.

TX.113.37 (12.17) Sociology (Elective Course): Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands the impact of scientific discoveries and technological innovations on individuals and societies.

12.17. (A) Analyze how individual and societal behavior has changed as a result of scientific discoveries and technological innovations.

12.17. (B) Predict societal changes resulting from innovations in science and technology.

TX.113.37 (12.18) Sociology (Elective Course): Science, Technology, and Society: The student understands the impact of changes in science and technology on moral and ethical issues.

12.18. (A) Analyze how the norms and behaviors of a selected U.S. subculture group have changed as a result of changes in science and technology.

12.18. (B) Evaluate a current ethical issue that has resulted from scientific discoveries and/or technological innovations.

TX.113.38 (12.1) Special Topics in Social Studies (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology.

12.1. (A) Differentiate between, locate, and use primary and secondary sources such as computer software, databases, media and news services, biographies, interviews, and artifacts to acquire information about a selected topic in social studies.

12.1. (B) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.

12.1. (C) Identify points of view from the historic context surrounding an event and the frame of reference that influenced the participants.

12.1. (D) Support a point of view on a social studies issue or event.

12.1. (E) Identify bias in written, oral, and visual material.

12.1. (F) Evaluate the validity of a source based on language, corroboration with other sources, and information about the author.

12.1. (G) Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs.

TX.113.38 (12.2) Special Topics in Social Studies (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.

12.2. (A) Use social studies terminology correctly.

12.2. (B) Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.

12.2. (C) Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and statistical to written or visual, using computer software as appropriate.

12.2. (D) Create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information.

TX.113.38 (12.3) Special Topics in Social Studies (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.

12.3. (A) Use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.

12.3. (B) Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement a decision.

TX.113.39 (12.1) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the basic philosophical foundation for qualitative and quantitative methods of inquiry.

12.1. (A) Develop and use criteria for the evaluation of qualitative and quantitative information.

12.1. (B) Generate logical and consistent conclusions from given qualitative and quantitative information.

12.1. (C) Design a research project with a rationale for a given research method.

TX.113.39 (12.2) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the need for an organizing framework to identify a problem or area of interest and collect information.

12.2. (A) Select an issue, problem, or area of interest, write a rationale and preliminary ideas for research methods, and develop a bibliography.

12.2. (B) Apply a process approach to a research problem.

TX.113.39 (12.3) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the fundamental principles and requirements of validity and reliability (both social science and historical fields of inquiry).

12.3. (A) Define and differentiate reliability and validity.

12.3. (B) Identify methods of checking for reliability.

12.3. (C) Evaluate various sources for reliability and validity and justify the conclusions.

TX.113.39 (12.4) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands how data can be collected from a variety of sources using a variety of methods.

12.4. (A) Collect information from a variety of sources (primary, secondary, written, and oral) using techniques such as questionnaires, interviews, and library research.

12.4. (B) Use various technology such as CD-ROM, library topic catalogues, networks, and on-line information systems to collect information about a selected topic.

TX.113.39 (12.5) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the use of theory and research for descriptive and predictive purposes.

12.5. (A) Describe the results of a research process.

12.5. (B) Make predictions as to future actions and/or outcomes based on conclusions of research.

TX.113.39 (12.6) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the principles and requirements of the scientific method.

12.6. (A) Apply the scientific method in a research project.

12.6. (B) Create a matrix relating various research methodologies such as survey research, ethnography, primary documents, and statistical analysis to given subject areas.

12.6. (C) Determine the most efficient research approach from a variety of alternatives using a cost-benefit analysis.

TX.113.39 (12.7) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands basic statistical approaches to the analysis of aggregate information.

12.7. (A) Define and compute statistical information using various statistical approaches such as means testing and correlation, measures of central tendency and distribution, the development of categorical systems, and logical analysis.

12.7. (B) Analyze information using a spreadsheet or statistical analysis information software.

TX.113.39 (12.8) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the requirements of graphic displays of data.

12.8. (A) Construct visuals such as charts, graphs, tables, time lines, and maps to convey appropriate data.

12.8. (B) Create a presentation on a selected topic using word-processing, graphics, and multimedia software.

TX.113.39 (12.9) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the basic principles of historic analysis.

12.9. (A) Differentiate between primary and secondary sources and describe the best uses for each.

12.9. (B) Construct and test cause-and-effect hypotheses and compare them with correlational analyses.

12.9. (C) Select the appropriate use of chronological relationships in historiography.

TX.113.39 (12.10) Social Studies Research Methods (Elective Course): Social Studies Skills: The student understands the ethical aspects of collecting, storing, and using data.

12.10. (A) Describe breaches of ethical standards for handling human experimental or survey information in a given scenario.

12.10. (B) Evaluate the relationship among copyright laws, proper citation requirements, and ethical ways of collecting and presenting information.

TX.113.52 (12.1) Social Studies Advanced Studies (Elective Course): The student will investigate, independently or collaboratively, a problem, issue, or concern within a selected profession or discipline.

12.1. (A) Analyze the relationship between his or her interests and career/discipline.

12.1. (B) Review literature from varied sources from the selected career or discipline.

12.1. (C) Identify a problem, issue, or concern.

12.1. (D) Survey and/or interview professionals to determine the appropriateness of a project.

12.1. (E) Develop a proposal that includes well-defined questions, goals and objectives, rationale, and procedures for the project.

TX.113.52 (12.2) Social Studies Advanced Studies (Elective Course): The student will demonstrate understanding of the research methods and/or technologies used in a selected profession or discipline.

12.2. (A) Develop an understanding of the requirements and practices of the profession in the selected career or discipline through observation.

12.2. (B) Simulate the methods and/or technologies used in the research process particular to the selected field or discipline.

12.2. (C) Review and revise the original proposal to reflect changes needed based upon preliminary research and practices.

TX.113.52 (12.3) Social Studies Advanced Studies (Elective Course): The student will develop products that meet standards recognized by the selected profession or discipline.

12.3. (A) Collaborate with the appropriate professionals to define the product.

12.3. (B) Develop a plan for product completion.

12.3. (C) Develop assessment criteria for successful completion of the project.

12.3. (D) Establish the appropriateness of the product for the intended audience.

12.3. (E) Implement the plan for product completion.

12.3. (F) Maintain a journal to document all phases of the implementation of the plan and reflections on learning experiences and processes.

TX.113.52 (12.4) Social Studies Advanced Studies (Elective Course): The student will demonstrate an understanding of the selected problem, issue, or concern by explaining or justifying findings to an appropriate audience for public comment or professional response.

12.4. (A) Review and revise the plan to present the findings.

12.4. (B) Make arrangements for the presentation of findings to an appropriate audience.

12.4. (C) Present findings, simulating the skills used by professionals.

12.4. (D) Consider feedback received from the audience.

12.4. (E) Reflect on the study and its potential for impact on the field.

12.4. (F) Reflect on personal learning experiences of the study.