Ohio State Standards for Science: Grade 4

OH.1. Earth and Space Sciences: Students demonstrate an understanding about how Earth systems and processes interact in the geosphere resulting in the habitability of Earth. This includes demonstrating an understanding of the composition of the universe, the solar system and Earth. In addition, it includes understanding the properties and the interconnected nature of Earth's systems, processes that shape Earth and Earth's history. Students also demonstrate an understanding of how the concepts and principles of energy, matter, motion and forces explain Earth systems, the solar system and the universe. Finally, they grasp an understanding of the historical perspectives, scientific approaches and emerging scientific issues associated with Earth and space sciences.

1.A. Explain the characteristics, cycles and patterns involving Earth and its place in the solar system. 23
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 1.A.

1.B. Summarize the processes that shape Earth's surface and describe evidence of those processes. 14
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 1.B.

1.C. Describe Earth's resources including rocks, soil, water, air, animals and plants and the ways in which they can be conserved. 61
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 1.C.

1.D. Analyze weather and changes that occur over a period of time. 85
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 1.D.

1.1. Grade Level Indicator: Earth Systems: Explain that air surrounds us, takes up space, moves around us as wind, and may be measured using barometric pressure. 12
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 1.1.

1.2. Grade Level Indicator: Earth Systems: Identify how water exists in the air in different forms (e.g., in clouds, fog, rain, snow and hail). 38
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 1.2.

1.3. Grade Level Indicator: Earth Systems: Investigate how water changes from one state to another (e.g., freezing, melting, condensation and evaporation). 12
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 1.3.

1.4. Grade Level Indicator: Earth Systems: Describe weather by measurable quantities such as temperature, wind direction, wind speed, precipitation and barometric pressure. 81
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 1.4.

1.5. Grade Level Indicator: Earth Systems: Record local weather information on a calendar or map and describe changes over a period of time (e.g., barometric pressure, temperature, precipitation symbols and cloud conditions). 92
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 1.5.

1.6. Grade Level Indicator: Earth Systems: Trace how weather patterns generally move from west to east in the United States. 82
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 1.6.

1.7. Grade Level Indicator: Earth Systems: Describe the weather which accompanies cumulus, cumulonimbus, cirrus and stratus clouds. 3
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 1.7.

1.8. Grade Level Indicator: Processes That Shape Earth: Describe how wind, water and ice shape and reshape Earth's land surface by eroding rock and soil in some areas and depositing them in other areas producing characteristic landforms (e.g., dunes, deltas and glacial moraines). 65
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 1.8.

1.9. Grade Level Indicator: Processes That Shape Earth: Identify and describe how freezing, thawing and plant growth reshape the land surface by causing the weathering of rock. 51
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 1.9.

1.10. Grade Level Indicator: Processes That Shape Earth: Describe evidence of changes on Earth's surface in terms of slow processes (e.g., erosion, weathering, mountain building and deposition) and rapid processes (e.g. volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and landslides). 127
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 1.10.

OH.2. Life Sciences: Students demonstrate an understanding of how living systems function and how they interact with the physical environment. This includes an understanding of the cycling of matter and flow of energy in living systems. An understanding of the characteristics, structure and function of cells, organisms and living systems will be developed. Students will also develop a deeper understanding of the principles of heredity, biological evolution, and the diversity and interdependence of life. Students demonstrate an understanding of different historical perspectives, scientific approaches and emerging scientific issues associated with the life sciences.

2.A. Differentiate between the life cycles of different plants and animals. 97
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 2.A.

2.B. Analyze plant and animal structures and functions needed for survival and describe the flow of energy through a system that all organisms use to survive. 98
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 2.B.

2.C. Compare changes in an organism's ecosystem/habitat that affect its survival. 84
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 2.C.

2.1. Grade Level Indicator: Heredity: Compare the life cycles of different plants including germination, maturity, reproduction and death. 48
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 2.1.

2.2. Grade Level Indicator: Diversity and Interdependence of Life: Relate plant structures to their specific functions (e.g., growth, survival and reproduction). 48
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 2.2.

2.3. Grade Level Indicator: Diversity and Interdependence of Life: Classify common plants according to their characteristics (e.g., tree leaves, flowers, seeds, roots and stems). 48
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 2.3.

2.4. Grade Level Indicator: Diversity and Interdependence of Life: Observe and explore that fossils provide evidence about plants that lived long ago and the nature of the environment at that time. 37
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 2.4.

2.5. Grade Level Indicator: Diversity and Interdependence of Life: Describe how organisms interact with one another in various ways (e.g., many plants depend on animals for carrying pollen or dispersing seeds). 84
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 2.5.

OH.3. Physical Sciences: Students demonstrate an understanding of the composition of physical systems and the concepts and principles that describe and predict physical interactions and events in the natural world. This includes demonstrating an understanding of the structure and properties of matter, the properties of materials and objects, chemical reactions and the conservation of matter. In addition, it includes understanding the nature, transfer and conservation of energy; motion and the forces affecting motion; and the nature of waves and interactions of matter and energy. Students demonstrate an understanding of the historical perspectives, scientific approaches and emerging scientific issues associated with the physical sciences.

3.A. Compare the characteristics of simple physical and chemical changes. 5
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 3.A.

3.B. Identify and describe the physical properties of matter in its various states. 5
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 3.B.

3.C. Describe the forces that directly affect objects and their motion. 7
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 3.C.

3.D. Summarize the way changes in temperature can be produced and thermal energy transferred. 26
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 3.D.

3.E. Trace how electrical energy flows through a simple electrical circuit and describe how the electrical energy can produce thermal energy, light, sound and magnetic forces. 27
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 3.E.

3.F. Describe the properties of light and sound energy. 11
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 3.F.

3.1. Grade Level Indicator: Nature of Matter: Identify characteristics of a simple physical change (e.g., heating or cooling can change water from one state to another and the change is reversible). 5
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 3.1.

3.2. Grade Level Indicator: Nature of Matter: Identify characteristics of a simple chemical change. When a new material is made by combining two or more materials, it has chemical properties that are different from the original materials (e.g., burning paper, vinegar and baking soda). 5
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 3.2.

3.3. Grade Level Indicator: Nature of Matter: Describe objects by the properties of the materials from which they are made and that these properties can be used to separate or sort a group of objects (e.g., paper, glass, plastic and metal). 9
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 3.3.

3.4. Grade Level Indicator: Nature of Matter: Explain that matter has different states (e.g., solid, liquid and gas) and that each state has distinct physical properties. 7
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 3.4.

3.5. Grade Level Indicator: Nature of Energy: Compare ways the temperature of an object can be changed (e.g., rubbing, heating and bending of metal). 20
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 3.5.

OH.4. Science and Technology: Students recognize that science and technology are interconnected and that using technology involves assessment of the benefits, risks and costs. Students should build scientific and technological knowledge, as well as the skill required to design and construct devices. In addition, they should develop the processes to solve problems and understand that problems may be solved in several ways.

4.A. Describe how technology affects human life. 4
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 4.A.

4.B. Describe and illustrate the design process. 4
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 4.B.

4.1. Grade Level Indicator: Understanding Technology: Explain how technology from different areas (e.g., transportation, communication, nutrition, healthcare, agriculture, entertainment and manufacturing) has improved human lives. 6
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 4.1.

4.2. Grade Level Indicator: Understanding Technology: Investigate how technology and inventions change to meet peoples' needs and wants. 10
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 4.2.

4.3. Grade Level Indicator: Abilities To Do Technological Design: Describe, illustrate and evaluate the design process used to solve a problem. 8
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 4.3.

OH.5. Scientific Inquiry: Students develop scientific habits of mind as they use the processes of scientific inquiry to ask valid questions and to gather and analyze information. They understand how to develop hypotheses and make predictions. They are able to reflect on scientific practices as they develop plans of action to create and evaluate a variety of conclusions. Students are also able to demonstrate the ability to communicate their findings to others.

5.A. Use appropriate instruments safely to observe, measure and collect data when conducting a scientific investigation. 39
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 5.A.

5.B. Organize and evaluate observations, measurements and other data to formulate inferences and conclusions. 32
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 5.B.

5.C. Develop, design and safely conduct scientific investigations and communicate the results. 32
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 5.C.

5.1. Grade Level Indicator: Doing Scientific Inquiry: Select the appropriate tools and use relevant safety procedures to measure and record length, weight, volume, temperature and area in metric and English units. 38
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 5.1.

5.2. Grade Level Indicator: Doing Scientific Inquiry: Analyze a series of events and/or simple daily or seasonal cycles, describe the patterns and infer the next likely occurrence. 6
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 5.2.

5.3. Grade Level Indicator: Doing Scientific Inquiry: Develop, design and conduct safe, simple investigations or experiments to answer questions. 32
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 5.3.

5.4. Grade Level Indicator: Doing Scientific Inquiry: Explain the importance of keeping conditions the same in an experiment. 32
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 5.4.

5.5. Grade Level Indicator: Doing Scientific Inquiry: Describe how comparisons may not be fair when some conditions are not kept the same between experiments. 32
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 5.5.

5.6. Grade Level Indicator: Doing Scientific Inquiry: Formulate instructions and communicate data in a manner that allows others to understand and repeat an investigation or experiment. 32
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 5.6.

OH.6. Scientific Ways of Knowing: Students realize that the current body of scientific knowledge must be based on evidence, be predictive, logical, subject to modification and limited to the natural world. This includes demonstrating an understanding that scientific knowledge grows and advances as new evidence is discovered to support or modify existing theories, as well as to encourage the development of new theories. Students are able to reflect on ethical scientific practices and demonstrate an understanding of how the current body of scientific knowledge reflects the historical and cultural contributions of women and men who provide us with a more reliable and comprehensive understanding of the natural world.

6.A. Distinguish between fact and opinion and explain how ideas and conclusions change as new knowledge is gained. 32
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 6.A.

6.B. Describe different types of investigations and use results and data from investigations to provide the evidence to support explanations and conclusions. 32
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 6.B.

6.C. Explain the importance of keeping records of observations and investigations that are accurate and understandable. 32
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 6.C.

6.D. Explain that men and women of diverse countries and cultures participate in careers in all fields of science. 68
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 6.D.

6.1. Grade Level Indicator: Nature of Science: Differentiate fact from opinion and explain that scientists do not rely on claims or conclusions unless they are backed by observations that can be confirmed. 99
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 6.1.

6.2. Grade Level Indicator: Nature of Science: Record the results and data from an investigation and make a reasonable explanation. 32
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 6.2.

6.3. Grade Level Indicator: Nature of Science: Explain discrepancies in an investigation using evidence to support findings. 32
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 6.3.

6.4. Grade Level Indicator: Ethical Practices: Explain why keeping records of observations and investigations is important. 32
Suggested Titles for Ohio Science State Standard 6.4.