New York State Standards for Mathematics: Grade 7

NY.3. Mathematics, Science, and Technology: Students will understand the concepts of and become proficient with the skills of mathematics, communicate and reason mathematically; become problem solvers by using appropriate tools and strategies, through the integrated study of number sense and operations, algebra, geometry, measurement, and statistics and probability.

3.1. Problem Solving Strand: Students will build new mathematical knowledge through problem solving.

7.PS.1. Use a variety of strategies to understand new mathematical content and to develop more efficient methods.

7.PS.2. Construct appropriate extensions to problem situations.

7.PS.3. Understand and demonstrate how written symbols represent mathematical ideas.

3.2. Problem Solving Strand: Students will solve problems that arise in mathematics and in other contexts.

7.PS.4. Observe patterns and formulate generalizations.

7.PS.5. Make conjectures from generalizations.

7.PS.6. Represent problem situations verbally, numerically, algebraically, and graphically.

3.3. Problem Solving Strand: Students will apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies to solve problems.

7.PS.7. Understand that there is no one right way to solve mathematical problems but that different methods have advantages and disadvantages.

7.PS.8. Understand how to break a complex problem into simpler parts or use a similar problem type to solve a problem.

7.PS.9. Work backwards from a solution.

7.PS.10. Use proportionality to model problems.

7.PS.11. Work in collaboration with others to solve problems.

3.4. Problem Solving Strand: Students will monitor and reflect on the process of mathematical problem solving.

7.PS.12. Interpret solutions within the given constraints of a problem.

7.PS.13. Set expectations and limits for possible solutions.

7.PS.14. Determine information required to solve the problem.

7.PS.15. Choose methods for obtaining required information.

7.PS.16. Justify solution methods through logical argument.

7.PS.17. Evaluate the efficiency of different representations of a problem.

3.5. Reasoning and Proof Strand: Students will recognize reasoning and proof as fundamental aspects of mathematics.

7.RP.1. Recognize that mathematical ideas can be supported by a variety of strategies.

3.6. Reasoning and Proof Strand: Students will make and investigate mathematical conjectures.

7.RP.2. Use mathematical strategies to reach a conclusion.

7.RP.3. Evaluate conjectures by distinguishing relevant from irrelevant information to reach a conclusion or make appropriate estimates.

3.7. Reasoning and Proof Strand: Students will develop and evaluate mathematical arguments and proofs.

7.RP.4. Provide supportive arguments for conjectures.

7.RP.5. Develop, verify, and explain an argument, using appropriate mathematical ideas and language.

3.8. Reasoning and Proof Strand: Students will select and use various types of reasoning and methods of proof.

7.RP.6. Support an argument by using a systematic approach to test more than one case.

7.RP.7. Devise ways to verify results or use counterexamples to refute incorrect statements.

7.RP.8. Apply inductive reasoning in making and supporting mathematical conjectures.

3.9. Communication Strand: Students will organize and consolidate their mathematical thinking through communication.

7.CM.1. Provide a correct, complete, coherent, and clear rationale for thought process used in problem solving.

7.CM.2. Provide an organized argument which explains rationale for strategy selection.

7.CM.3. Organize and accurately label work.

3.10. Communication Strand: Students will communicate their mathematical thinking coherently and clearly to peers, teachers, and others.

7.CM.4. Share organized mathematical ideas through the manipulation of objects, numerical tables, drawings, pictures, charts, graphs, tables, diagrams, models and symbols in written and verbal form.

7.CM.5. Answer clarifying questions from others.

3.11. Communication Strand: Students will analyze and evaluate the mathematical thinking and strategies of others.

7.CM.6. Analyze mathematical solutions shared by others.

7.CM.7. Compare strategies used and solutions found by others in relation to their own work.

7.CM.8. Formulate mathematical questions that elicit, extend, or challenge strategies, solutions, and/or conjectures of others.

3.12. Communication Strand: Students will use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas precisely.

7.CM.9. Increase their use of mathematical vocabulary and language when communicating with others.

7.CM.10. Use appropriate language, representations, and terminology when describing objects, relationships, mathematical solutions, and rationale.

7.CM.11. Draw conclusions about mathematical ideas through decoding, comprehension, and interpretation of mathematical visuals, symbols, and technical writing.

3.13. Connections Strand: Students will recognize and use connections among mathematical ideas.

7.CN.1. Understand and make connections among multiple representations of the same mathematical idea.

7.CN.2. Recognize connections between subsets of mathematical ideas.

7.CN.3. Connect and apply a variety of strategies to solve problems.

3.14. Connections Strand: Students will understand how mathematical ideas interconnect and build on one another to produce a coherent whole.

7.CN.4. Model situations mathematically, using representations to draw conclusions and formulate new situations.

7.CN.5. Understand how concepts, procedures, and mathematical results in one area of mathematics can be used to solve problems in other areas of mathematics.

3.15. Connections Strand: Students will recognize and apply mathematics in contexts outside of mathematics.

7.CN.6. Recognize and provide examples of the presence of mathematics in their daily lives.

7.CN.7. Apply mathematical ideas to problem situations that develop outside of mathematics.

7.CN.8. Investigate the presence of mathematics in careers and areas of interest.

7.CN.9. Recognize and apply mathematics to other disciplines, areas of interest, and societal issues.

3.16. Representation Strand: Students will create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.

7.R.1. Use physical objects, drawings, charts, tables, graphs, symbols, equations, or objects created using technology as representations.

7.R.2. Explain, describe, and defend mathematical ideas using representations.

7.R.3. Recognize, compare, and use an array of representational forms.

7.R.4. Explain how different representations express the same relationship.

7.R.5. Use standard and non-standard representations with accuracy and detail.

3.17. Representation Strand: Students will select, apply, and translate among mathematical representations to solve problems.

7.R.6. Use representations to explore problem situations.

7.R.7. Investigate relationships between different representations and their impact on a given problem.

7.R.8. Use representation as a tool for exploring and understanding mathematical ideas.

3.18. Representation Strand: Students will use representations to model and interpret physical, social, and mathematical phenomena.

7.R.9. Use mathematics to show and understand physical phenomena (e.g., make and interpret scale drawings of figures or scale models of objects).

7.R.10. Use mathematics to show and understand social phenomena (e.g., determine profit from sale of yearbooks).

7.R.11. Use mathematics to show and understand mathematical phenomena (e.g., use tables, graphs, and equations to show a pattern underlying a function).

3.19. Number Sense and Operations Strand: Students will understand numbers, multiple ways of representing numbers, relationships among numbers, and number systems.

7.N.1. Number Systems: Distinguish between the various subsets of real numbers (counting/natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers).

7.N.2. Number Systems: Recognize the difference between rational and irrational numbers (e.g., explore different approximations of pi).

7.N.3. Number Systems: Place rational and irrational numbers (approximations) on a number line and justify the placement of the numbers.

7.N.4. Number Systems: Develop the laws of exponents for multiplication and division.

7.N.5. Number Systems: Write numbers in scientific notation.

7.N.6. Number Systems: Translate numbers from scientific notation into standard form.

7.N.7. Number Systems: Compare numbers written in scientific notation.

7.N.8. Number Theory: Find the common factors and greatest common factor of two or more numbers.

7.N.9. Number Theory: Determine multiples and least common multiple of two or more numbers.

7.N.10. Number Theory: Determine the prime factorization of a given number and write in exponential form.

3.20. Number Sense and Operations Strand: Students will understand meanings of operations and procedures, and how they relate to one another.

7.N.11. Operations: Simplify expressions using order of operations Note: Expressions may include absolute value and/or integral exponents greater than 0.

7.N.12. Operations: Add, subtract, multiply, and divide integers.

7.N.13. Operations: Add and subtract two integers (with and without the use of a number line).

7.N.14. Operations: Develop a conceptual understanding of negative and zero exponents with a base of ten and relate to fractions and decimals (e.g., 10^-2 =.01 = 1/100).

7.N.15. Operations: Recognize and state the value of the square root of a perfect square (up to 225).

7.N.16. Operations: Determine the square root of non-perfect squares using a calculator.

7.N.17. Operations: Classify irrational numbers as non-repeating/non-terminating decimals.

3.21. Number Sense and Operations Strand: Students will compute accurately and make reasonable estimates.

7.N.18. Estimation: Identify the two consecutive whole numbers between which the square root of a non-perfect square whole number less than 225 lies (with and without the use of a number line).

7.N.19. Estimation: Justify the reasonableness of answers using estimation.

3.22. Algebra Strand: Students will represent and analyze algebraically a wide variety of problem solving situations.

7.A.1. Variables and Expressions: Translate two-step verbal expressions into algebraic expressions.

3.23. Algebra Strand: Students will perform algebraic procedures accurately.

7.A.2. Variables and Expressions: Add and subtract monomials with exponents of one.

7.A.3. Variables and Expressions: Identify a polynomial as an algebraic expression containing one or more terms.

7.A.4. Equations and Inequalities: Solve multi-step equations by combining like terms, using the distributive property, or moving variables to one side of the equation.

7.A.5. Equations and Inequalities: Solve one-step inequalities (positive coefficients only) (See 7.G.10).

7.A.6. Equations and Inequalities: Evaluate formulas for given input values (surface area, rate, and density problems).

3.24. Algebra Strand: Students will recognize, use, and represent algebraically patterns, relations, and functions.

7.A.7. Patterns, Relations, and Functions: Draw the graphic representation of a pattern from an equation or from a table of data.

7.A.8. Patterns, Relations, and Functions: Create algebraic patterns using charts/tables, graphs, equations, and expressions.

7.A.9. Patterns, Relations, and Functions: Build a pattern to develop a rule for determining the sum of the interior angles of polygons.

7.A.10. Patterns, Relations, and Functions: Write an equation to represent a function from a table of values.

3.25. Geometry Strand: Students will use visualization and spatial reasoning to analyze characteristics and properties of geometric shapes.

7.G.1. Shapes: Calculate the radius or diameter, given the circumference or area of a circle.

7.G.2. Shapes: Calculate the volume of prisms and cylinders, using a given formula and a calculator.

7.G.3. Shapes: Identify the two-dimensional shapes that make up the faces and bases of three-dimensional shapes (prisms, cylinders, cones, and pyramids).

7.G.4. Shapes: Determine the surface area of prisms and cylinders, using a calculator and a variety of methods.

3.26. Geometry Strand: Students will identify and justify geometric relationships, formally and informally.

7.G.5. Geometric Relationships Identify the right angle, hypotenuse, and legs of a right triangle.

7.G.6. Geometric Relationships Explore the relationship between the lengths of the three sides of a right triangle to develop the Pythagorean Theorem.

7.G.7. Geometric Relationships Find a missing angle when given angles of a quadrilateral.

7.G.8. Geometric Relationships Use the Pythagorean Theorem to determine the unknown length of a side of a right triangle.

7.G.9. Geometric Relationships Determine whether a given triangle is a right triangle by applying the Pythagorean Theorem and using a calculator.

3.27. Geometry Strand: Students will apply coordinate geometry to analyze problem solving situations.

7.G.10. Coordinate Geometry: Graph the solution set of an inequality (positive coefficients only) on a number line (See 7.A.5).

3.28. Measurement Strand: Students will determine what can be measured and how, using appropriate methods and formulas.

7.M.1. Units of Measurement: Calculate distance using a map scale.

7.M.2. Units of Measurement: Convert capacities and volumes within a given system.

7.M.3. Units of Measurement: Identify customary and metric units of mass.

7.M.4. Units of Measurement: Convert mass within a given system.

7.M.5. Units of Measurement: Calculate unit price using proportions.

7.M.6. Units of Measurement: Compare unit prices.

7.M.7. Units of Measurement: Convert money between different currencies with the use of an exchange rate table and a calculator.

7.M.8. Units of Measurement: Draw central angles in a given circle using a protractor (circle graphs).

7.M.9. Tools and Methods: Determine the tool and technique to measure with an appropriate level of precision: mass.

3.29. Measurement Strand: Students will develop strategies for estimating measurements.

7.M.10. Estimation: Identify the relationships between relative error and magnitude when dealing with large numbers (e.g., money, population).

7.M.11. Estimation: Estimate surface area.

7.M.12. Estimation: Determine personal references for customary /metric units of mass.

7.M.13. Estimation: Justify the reasonableness of the mass of an object.

3.30. Statistics and Probability Strand: Students will collect, organize, display, and analyze data.

7.S.1. Collection of Data: Identify and collect data using a variety of methods.

7.S.2. Organization and Display of Data: Display data in a circle graph.

7.S.3. Organization and Display of Data: Convert raw data into double bar graphs and double line graphs.

7.S.4. Analysis of Data: Calculate the range for a given set of data.

7.S.5. Analysis of Data: Select the appropriate measure of central tendency.

7.S.6. Analysis of Data: Read and interpret data represented graphically (pictograph, bar graph, histogram, line graph, double line/bar graphs or circle graph).

3.31. Statistics and Probability Strand: Students will make predictions that are based upon data analysis.

7.S.7. Predictions from Data: Identify and explain misleading statistics and graphs.

3.32. Statistics and Probability Strand: Students will understand and apply concepts of probability.

7.S.8. Probability: Interpret data to provide the basis for predictions and to establish experimental probabilities.

7.S.9. Probability: Determine the validity of sampling methods to predict outcomes.

7.S.10. Probability: Predict the outcome of an experiment.

7.S.11. Probability: Design and conduct an experiment to test predictions.

7.S.12. Probability: Compare actual results to predicted results.