New Hampshire State Standards for Mathematics: Kindergarten

NH.M:N&O:K. NECAP - Grade Level Expectation: Number and Operations.

M:N&O:K:1. Demonstrates conceptual understanding of rational numbers with respect to whole numbers from 0 to 12 through investigations that apply the concepts of equivalency in composing or decomposing numbers using models, explanations, or other representations; and positive fractional numbers (1/2) as 'fair share' (i.e., equal sized parts or sets) using models, explanations, or other representations.

M:N&O:K:2. Demonstrates understanding of the relative magnitude of numbers from 0 to 20 through investigations that demonstrate one-to-one correspondence; that compare whole numbers to each other or to benchmark whole numbers (5, 10); that demonstrate an understanding of the relation of inequality when comparing whole numbers by using '1 more' or '1 less'; that connect numbers orally and written as numerals to the quantities that they represent using models, representations, or number lines.

M:N&O:K:3. Demonstrates conceptual understanding of mathematical operations through investigations involving addition and subtraction of whole numbers (from 0 to 10) by solving problems involving joining actions, separating actions, part-part whole relationships, and comparison situations; and addition of multiple one-digit whole numbers.

M:N&O:K:4. No standard listed at this grade.

M:N&O:K:5. Demonstrates understanding of monetary value through investigation involving knowing the names and values for coins (penny, nickel and dime).

M:N&O:K:6. Mentally adds and subtracts whole numbers by naming the number that is one more or one less than the original number.

M:N&O:K:7. Makes estimates of the number of objects in a set (up to 20) by making and revising estimates as objects are counted (e.g., A student estimates the number of pennies in a jar as 20. Then the student counts the first 10 and makes another estimate based on those that have been counted and those that remain in the jar.).

NH.M:G&M:K. NECAP - Grade Level Expectation: Geometry and Measurement.

M:G&M:K:1. Uses properties, attributes, composition, or decomposition to sort or classify polygons (triangles, squares, rectangles, rhombi, trapezoids, and hexagons) or objects by using one non-measurable or measurable attribute; and recognizes, names, and builds polygons and circles in the environment.

M:G&M:K:2. No standard listed at this grade.

M:G&M:K:3. No standard listed at this grade.

M:G&M:K:4. No standard listed at this grade.

M:G&M:K:5. No standard listed at this grade.

M:G&M:K:6. No standard listed at this grade.

M:G&M:K:7. Demonstrates conceptual understanding of measurable attributes using comparative language to describe and compare attributes of objects (length [longer, shorter], height [taller, shorter], weight [heavier, lighter], temperature [warmer, cooler], and capacity [more, less]); and compares objects visually and with direct comparison.

M:G&M:K:8. Determines elapsed and accrued time as it relates to calendar patterns (days of the week, yesterday, today, and tomorrow), the sequence of events in a day; and identifies a clock and calendar as measurement tools (days of week, months of the year).

M:G&M:K:9. Demonstrates understanding of spatial relationships using location and position by using positional words to locate and describe where an object is found in the environment.

NH.M:F&A:K. NECAP - Grade Level Expectation: Functions and Algebra.

M:F&A:K:1. Identifies and extends to specific cases a variety of patterns (sequences of shapes, sounds, movement, colors, and letters) by extending the pattern to the next one, two or three elements, or by translating AB patterns across formats (e.g., an abb pattern can be represented as snap, clap, clap or red, yellow, yellow) or by identifying number patterns in the environment.

M:F&A:K:2. No standard listed at this grade.

M:F&A:K:3. No standard listed at this grade.

M:F&A:K:4. No standard listed at this grade.

NH.M:DSP:K. NECAP - Grade Level Expectation: Data, Statistics, and Probability.

M:DSP:K:1. Interprets a given representation created by the class (models and tally charts) to answer questions related to the data, or to analyze the data to formulate conclusions using words, diagrams, or verbal/scribed responses to express answers.

M:DSP:K:2. Analyzes patterns, trends, or distributions in data in a variety of contexts by determining or using more, less, or equal (e.g., Have there been more, less, or the same number of cloudy days compared to sunny days this week?).

M:DSP:K:3. No standard listed at this grade.

M:DSP:K:4. No standard listed at this grade.

M:DSP:K:5. No standard listed at this grade.

M:DSP:K:6. No standard listed at this grade.

NH.M:PRP:2. NECAP - Grade Level Expectation: Problem Solving, Reasoning, and Proof.

M:PRP:2:1. Students will use problem-solving strategies to investigate and understand increasingly complex mathematical content and be able to:

M:PRP:2:1.1. Formulate and solve multi-step problems from everyday and mathematical situations.

M:PRP:2:1.2. Solve problems using a variety of strategies (e.g., working backwards, looking for patterns and relationships; guess and check; making tables, charts, or organized lists; solving a simpler version of a problem, drawing a diagram; or creating a model)

M:PRP:2:1.3. Verify and interpret results with respect to the original problem.

M:PRP:2:1.4. Determine if the solution of a problem is reasonable.

M:PRP:2:1.5. Solve problems using manipulatives, graphs, charts, diagrams, and calculators.

M:PRP:2:1.6. Demonstrate that a problem may be solved in more than one way.

M:PRP:2:1.7. Exhibit confidence in their ability to solve problems independently and in groups.

M:PRP:2:1.8. Display increasing perseverance, and persistence in problem solving.

M:PRP:2:2. Students will use mathematical reasoning and proof and be able to:

M:PRP:2:2.1. Use models, known facts, properties, and relationships to explain their thinking.

M:PRP:2:2.2. Justify solution processes and answers (e.g., 'I chose this method to solve the problem because...').

M:PRP:2:2.3. Draw conclusions using inductive reasoning.

M:PRP:2:2.4. Identify the missing information needed to find a solution to a given story problem.

M:PRP:2:2.5. Use patterns and relationships to analyze mathematical situations (e.g., count by fives).

M:CCR:2:1. Students will communicate their understanding of mathematics and be able to:

M:CCR:2:1.2. Discuss relationships between everyday language and mathematical language and symbols (e.g., words that mean something different in mathematics and in everyday life).

M:CCR:2:1.3. Explain conclusions, thought processes, and strategies in problem-solving situations.

M:CCR:2:1.5. Draw pictures and use objects to illustrate mathematical concepts.

M:CCR:2:2. Students will create and use representations to communicate mathematical ideas and to solve problems and be able to:

M:CCR:2:2.2. Select, apply, and translate among mathematical representations to solve problems (e.g., representing fractions with circles, with geoboards, and with pattern blocks).

M:CCR:2:2.3. Link different representations.

M:CCR:2:2.5. Use conventional and self-generated (invented) representations and connect them.

M:CCR:2:2.6. Realize that any representation is subject to multiple interpretations (e.g., drawings and graphs can be read in a different way).

M:CCR:2:3. Students will recognize, explore, and develop mathematical connections and be able to:

M:CCR:2:3.1. Link conceptual and procedural knowledge (e.g., they will know that when they 'regroup,' they are simply changing the representation of the minuend, but not its value).

M:CCR:2:3.2. Recognize and use mathematics in other curriculum areas (e.g., science, social studies).

M:CCR:2:3.4. Identify mathematical situations occurring in literature for children.

M:CCR:2:3.5. Identify examples of geometry in nature, art, and architecture.

NH.M:CCR:2. NECAP - Grade Level Expectation: Communication, Connections, and Representations.

M:CCR:2:1.1. Demonstrate mathematical communication through discussion, reading, writing, listening, and responding, individually and in groups.

M:CCR:2:1.4. Discuss, illustrate, and write about mathematical concepts and relationships.

M:CCR:2:2.1. Create and use age level appropriate representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas (e.g., students should recognize the relationship among seven counters, seven tally marks, and the symbol 7).

M:CCR:2:2.4. Use representations to model and interpret physical, social, and mathematical phenomena.

M:CCR:2:3.3. Recognize and use mathematics in their daily lives (e.g., graphs, tables, or maps).