Nebraska State Standards for Social Studies: Grade 9
Currently Perma-Bound only has suggested titles for grades K-8 in the Science and Social Studies areas. We are working on expanding this.
NE.12.1.1. United States History: Students will analyze and explain the causes and effects of the Age of Discovery, contacts between Native Americans and European settlers, and the creation of the American colonies.
12.1.1.1. Explain the economic and cultural characteristics of the groups.
12.1.1.2. Summarize the motives and strategies of the explorers and settlers.
12.1.1.3. Explain the impact of European settlement on the Native Americans.
12.1.1.4. Relate the legacies of contact, cooperation, and conflict from that period.
12.1.1.5. Explain the motivation of ethnic and religious groups, and how immigrants influenced the settlement of colonies.
12.1.1.6. Summarize the economic activity.
12.1.1.7. Describe the political developments.
12.1.1.8. Compare the social customs, the arts, and religious beliefs.
NE.12.1.2. United States History: Students will analyze and explain the events and ideas of the Early National Period.
12.1.2.1. Relate changes in British policies that provoked the American colonists.
12.1.2.2. Discuss the debate within America concerning separation from Britain.
12.1.2.3. Compare the Declaration of Independence and 'Common Sense.'
12.1.2.4. Describe the roles played by the individual leaders.
12.1.2.5. Summarize key battles, military turning points, and key strategic decisions.
12.1.2.6. Compare The Articles of Confederation and the Declaration of Independence.
12.1.2.7. Discuss the issues and policies affecting relations among existing and future states, e.g., the Northwest Ordinance.
12.1.2.8. Explain the Constitutional Convention, e.g., the leadership of James Madison and George Washington.
12.1.2.9. Compare and contrast the struggle for ratification of the Constitution, the Federalist Papers, and Anti-Federalists arguments.
12.1.2.10. Explain the addition of the Bill of Rights to the Constitution.
12.1.2.11. Relate the organization of the national government under the new Constitution.
12.1.2.12. Explain the major domestic and foreign affairs issues facing the first presidents and Congress.
12.1.2.13. Summarize the development of political parties.
12.1.2.14. Explain how the impact of Supreme Court cases, e.g., Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland, affected the interpretation of the Constitution.
12.1.2.15. Explain foreign relations and conflicts, e.g., the War of 1812 and the Monroe Doctrine.
12.1.2.16. Discuss the Louisiana Purchase and the acquisition of Florida.
12.1.2.17. Summarize the economic development, trade, tariffs, taxation, and trends in the national debt.
NE.12.1.3. United States History: Students will analyze the causes and effects of major events of the Civil War and Reconstruction.
12.1.3.1. Discuss the causes and effects of slavery.
12.1.3.2. Explain the States' Rights Doctrine.
12.1.3.3. Discuss tariffs and trade.
12.1.3.4. Describe the settlement of the Western United States.
12.1.3.5. Explain Secession.
12.1.3.6. Compare and contrast the military advantages of the Union and the Confederacy.
12.1.3.7. Explain the threat of foreign intervention.
12.1.3.8. Discuss the economic and political impact of the war.
12.1.3.9. Explain the roles played by the individual leaders.
12.1.3.10. Relate the impact of Reconstruction policies on the South.
NE.12.1.4. United States History: Students will analyze the impact of immigration on American life, identifying factors.
12.1.4.1. Contributions of Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, African Americans, European Americans, Asian Americans, and immigrant groups and individuals.
12.1.4.2. Ethnic conflict and discrimination.
12.1.4.3. The United States domestic policies.
NE.12.1.5. United States History: Students will summarize causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution.
12.1.5.1. Describe new inventions and industrial production methods.
12.1.5.2. Summarize new technologies in transportation and communication.
12.1.5.3. Explain incentives for capitalism and free enterprise.
12.1.5.4. Describe the impact of immigration on labor supply and the movement to organize workers.
12.1.5.5. Describe improvements in standards of living, life expectancy, and living conditions.
12.1.5.6. Explain child labor, working conditions, and the rise of organized labor.
12.1.5.7. Summarize government policies affecting trade, monopolies, taxation, and money supply.
12.1.5.8. Summarize muckraking literature and the rise of the Progressive Movement.
12.1.5.9. Describe women's suffrage and temperance movements, describing their impact on society.
12.1.5.10. Summarize political changes at the local, state, and national levels.
NE.12.1.6. United States History: Students will analyze the origins and effects of World War I.
12.1.6.1. Describe the end of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of new states in the Middle East.
12.1.6.2. Relate the declining role of Great Britain and the expanding role of the United States in world affairs.
12.1.6.3. Summarize the political, social, and economic change in Europe and the United States.
12.1.6.4. Explain the causes of World War I.
NE.12.1.7. United States History: Students will analyze and explain the Great Depression.
12.1.7.1. Explain the causes and effects of changes in business cycles.
12.1.7.2. Describe the weaknesses in key sectors of the economy in the late 1920's.
12.1.7.3. Summarize United States government's economic policies in the late 1920's.
12.1.7.4. Explain the causes and effects of the Stock Market Crash.
12.1.7.5. Describe the impact of the Depression on the American people.
12.1.7.6. Explain the impact of New Deal economic policies.
12.1.7.7. Explain the impact of the expanded role of government in the economy since the 1930's.
NE.12.1.8. United States History: Students will recognize and explain the origins and effects of World War II.
12.1.8.1. Describe the rise of and aggression of totalitarian regimes in Germany, Italy, and Japan.
12.1.8.2. Summarize the rise of Fascism, Nazism, and Communism in the 1930's and 1940's and the response of Europe and the United States.
12.1.8.3. Explain the role of the Soviet Union.
12.1.8.4. Explain appeasement, isolationism, and the war debates in Europe and the United States prior to the outbreak of war.
12.1.8.5. Relate the impact of mobilization for war, at home and abroad.
12.1.8.6. Summarize the major battles, military turning points, and key strategic decisions.
12.1.8.7. Explain the Holocaust and its impact.
12.1.8.8. Describe the reshaping of the United States' role in world affairs after the war.
12.1.8.9. Summarize the major changes in Eastern Europe, China, Southeast Asia, and Africa following the war.
NE.12.1.9. United States History: Students will analyze and explain United States foreign policy since World War II.
12.1.9.1. Summarize the origins of the Cold War and the foreign and domestic consequences.
12.1.9.2. Describe Communist containment policies in Europe, Latin America, and Asia.
12.1.9.3. Describe McCarthyism and the fear of communist influence within the United States.
12.1.9.4. Explain Strategic and economic factors in Middle East policy.
12.1.9.5. Describe the relations with South Africa and other African nations.
12.1.9.6. Describe the collapse of communism and the end of the Cold War.
12.1.9.7. Explain the new challenges to America's leadership role in the world.
12.1.9.8. Analyze the confrontations with the Soviet Union in Berlin and Cuba.
12.1.9.9. Explain NATO and other alliances and the United States role in the United Nations.
12.1.9.10. Describe nuclear weapons and the arms race.
12.1.9.11. Summarize the military conflicts in Korea, Vietnam, and the Middle East.
NE.12.1.10. United States History: Students will evaluate developments in federal civil rights and voting rights since the 1950's.
12.1.10.1. The Brown v. Board of Education decision and its impact on education.
12.1.10.2. Civil rights demonstrations and related activity leading to desegregation of public accommodations, transportation, housing, and employment.
12.1.10.3. The impact of reapportionment cases and voting rights legislation on political participation and representation.
12.1.10.4. Affirmative action.
NE.12.1.11. United States History: Students will demonstrate an understanding of domestic policy issues in contemporary American society.
12.1.11.1. Compare conservative and liberal economic strategies.
12.1.11.2. Compare the positions of political parties and interest groups on major issues.
NE.12.1.12. United States History: Students will explain and demonstrate relationships between the geographical and the historical development of the United States by using maps, pictures, and computer databases.
12.1.12.1. Locate and explain the location and expansion of the original colonies.
12.1.12.2. Trace the territorial expansion of the United States, explaining how the physical environment influenced it.
12.1.12.3. Locate new states as they were added to the Union.
12.1.12.4. Demonstrate an understanding of the settlement patterns, migration routes, and cultural influence of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups.
12.1.12.5. Compare patterns of agricultural and industrial development in different regions as they relate to natural resources, markets, and trade.
12.1.12.6. Analyze the political, social, and economic implications of demographic changes in the nation over time.
NE.12.1.13. United States History: Students will develop skills for historical analysis.
12.1.13.1. Analyze documents, records, and data, e.g., artifacts, diaries, letters, photographs, journals, newspapers, and historical accounts.
12.1.13.2. Evaluate the authenticity, authority, and credibility of sources.
12.1.13.3. Formulate historical questions and defend findings based on inquiry and interpretation.
12.1.13.4. Develop perspectives of time and place, such as the construction of various time lines of events, periods, and personalities in American history.
12.1.13.5. Communicate findings orally, in brief analytical essays, and in a comprehensive paper.
NE.12.1.14. United States History: Students will demonstrate verbal and written skills that focus on enduring issues, divergent viewpoints, and excerpts from famous speeches and documents in United States history.
12.1.14.1. Discuss civil disobedience v. the rule of law.
12.1.14.2. Analyze the role of government to the individual in economic planning and social programs.
12.1.14.3. Debate freedom of the press v. the right to a fair trial.
12.1.14.4. Analyze the tension between majority rule and minority rights.
12.1.14.5. Debate problems of intolerance toward racial, ethnic, and religious groups in American society.
12.1.14.6. Discuss the evolution of rights, freedoms, and protections through political and social movements.
12.1.14.7. Interpret aspects of 'United States Constitution', 'Bill of Rights', 'Letter from Birmingham', 'Speak softly and carry a big stick?,' 'Gettysburg Address', etc.
NE.12.2.1. World History: 1000 C.E. to the Present: Students will demonstrate an understanding of the state of the world about 1000 C.E.
12.2.1.1. Summarize the institution of feudalism in Europe, Asia, and Africa.
12.2.1.2. Summarize the growth of trade between civilizations, e.g., silk trade, gold and salt trade.
12.2.1.3. Describe the location and leadership of major kingdoms in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin America
12.2.1.4. Describe the location and culture of the Byzantine and Muslim empires.
12.2.1.5. Summarize the role of religion in a civilization, e.g., the Roman Catholic Church, Buddhism, Islam, and animism.
12.2.1.6. Describe the conflict between religions, e.g., Crusades and the Great Schism.
12.2.1.7. Summarize the technological advances in Asia and Latin America, e.g., calendars and metallurgy.
NE.12.2.2. World History: 1000 C.E. to the Present: Students will analyze the patterns of social, economic, political change, and cultural achievement in the late Medieval period.
12.2.2.1. Explain the emergence and distinctive political developments of nation-states, e.g., Spain, France, England, and Russia.
12.2.2.2. Describe the conflicts among Eurasian powers, e.g., the Crusades, the Mongol conquests, and the expansion of the Ottoman Turks.
12.2.2.3. Explain the patterns of crisis and recovery, e.g., the Black Death.
12.2.2.4. Explain the preservation of Greek and Roman philosophy, medicine, and science.
NE.12.2.3. World History: 1000 C.E. to the Present: Students will analyze the historical developments of the Renaissance.
12.2.3.1. Explain the economic foundations of the Renaissance, such as European interaction with Muslims, increased trade, role of the Medici's, and new economic practices.
12.2.3.2. Discuss the rise of Italian city-states.
12.2.3.3. Compare the artistic, literary, and intellectual creativity, e.g., Leonardo DaVinci, Michelangelo, and Shakespeare, as contrasted with the Medieval period.
12.2.3.4. Explain the Machiavell's theory of government as described in The Prince.
12.2.3.5. Describe the differences between the Italian and the Northern Renaissance.
NE.12.2.4. World History: 1000 C.E. to the Present: Students will analyze the historical developments of the Reformation.
12.2.4.1. Explain the influence of religious conflicts on government actions, such as the Edict of Nantes in France.
12.2.4.2. Discuss the evolution of laws that reflect religious beliefs, cultural values, traditions, and philosophies, e.g., the beginnings of religious toleration and the growth of democracy.
NE.12.2.5. World History: 1000 C.E. to the Present: Students will analyze the impact of European expansion into the Americas, Africa, and Asia.
12.2.5.1. Discuss the roles and motivations of explorers/conquistadors.
12.2.5.2. Explain the migration, settlement patterns, and cultural diffusion.
12.2.5.3. Explain the exchange of technology, ideas, and agricultural practices.
12.2.5.4. Discuss the trade in slaves, tobacco, rum, furs, and gold.
12.2.5.5. Relate the introduction of new diseases.
12.2.5.6. Discuss the influence of Christianity.
12.2.5.7. Explain the economic and cultural transformations created by the emergence of plant-like tobacco and corn in new places and the arrival of the horse in the Americas.
12.2.5.8. Describe the competition for resources and the rise of the Commercial Revolution and mercantilism.
12.2.5.9. Explain the cultural changes in indigenous societies.
NE.12.2.6. World History: 1000 C.E. to the Present: Students will compare and contrast Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism and Confucianism.
12.2.6.1. Compare and contrast major leaders and events.
12.2.6.2. Compare and contrast sacred writings.
12.2.6.3. Compare and contrast traditions, customs, and beliefs.
12.2.6.4. Explain monotheistic versus polytheistic views.
12.2.6.5. Discuss geographic distribution at different times.
12.2.6.6. Compare and contrast political, social, and economic influences of each.
12.2.6.7. Discuss the long-standing religious conflicts and recent manifestations in places, e.g., Ireland, Middle East, and Bosnia.
NE.12.2.7. World History: 1000 C.E. to the Present: Students will analyze the scientific, political, and economic changes of the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.
12.2.7.1. Explain the impact of scientific ideas on political institutions, social movements, and religion.
12.2.7.2. Discuss the establishment of absolute monarchies by individuals, e.g., Louis XIV, Frederick the Great, and Peter the Great.
12.2.7.3. Compare and contrast the Glorious Revolution in England and the French Revolution.
12.2.7.4. Explain the ideas of significant people, such as Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Jefferson.
12.2.7.5. Explain the new scientific theories, e.g., those of Newton, Kepler, Copernicus, Galileo, Harvey, and Franklin.
12.2.7.6. Discuss how technological changes brought about social, political, and cultural changes in Europe, Asia, and the Americas.
12.2.7.7. Explain how the arts, philosophy, and literature were influenced by people, such as Voltaire, Diderot, Delacroix, Bach, and Mozart.
12.2.7.8. Discuss the influence of religious beliefs on art, politics, science, and commerce.
NE.12.2.8. World History: 1000 C.E. to the Present: Students will describe 19th century political developments in Europe, and their impact on the world.
12.2.8.1. Summarize the Congress of Vienna and its influence on the political geography of Europe.
12.2.8.2. Describe the attempts at expansion of democracy in Europe, e.g., Chartist Movement, British Reform Laws, and liberal revolutions.
12.2.8.3. Relate the growth of nationalism, e.g., unification of Germany and Italy.
12.2.8.4. Describe the scramble for empire in Europe, Africa, and Asia Latin America.
12.2.8.5. Address the feminist issues, e.g., divorce, property, and suffrage.
12.2.8.6. Outline the abolition of slavery and slave trade.
NE.12.2.9. World History: 1000 C.E. to the Present: Students will analyze and explain the effects of the Industrial Revolution.
12.2.9.1. Describe the rise of industrial economics and their link to imperialism and colonialism.
12.2.9.2. Explain how scientific and technological changes, e.g., the inventions of Watt, Bessemer, and Whitney, brought about massive social and cultural change.
12.2.9.3. Outline the responses to capitalism, e.g., utopianism, socialism, and communism.
12.2.9.4. Relate how the status of women and children reflected societal changes.
12.2.9.5. Explain the evolution of work and labor, e.g., the slave trade, mining and manufacturing, and the union movement.
12.2.9.6. Explain how Asia and Africa were transformed by European commercial power.
12.2.9.7. Summarize the dominance of global economic systems by European powers.
NE.12.2.10. World History: 1000 C.E. to the Present: Students will analyze major 20th century historical events.
12.2.10.1. Relate ethnic conflicts, e.g., Bosnia, Arab-Israeli conflict, Biafra and Rwanda, Northern Ireland and Kashmir, and Zapatistas and Mexico.
12.2.10.2. Compare trends in global populations, growth and distribution over time.
12.2.10.3. Differentiate the development of collective security organizations, e.g., League of Nations, the United Nations, NATO, and Warsaw Pact.
12.2.10.4. Differentiate the development of world economic associations, e.g., E.C., NAFTA, WTO, World Bank, IMF.
12.2.10.5. Discuss the extension of human rights, e.g., women and all nationalities.
12.2.10.6. Compare the causes and effects of World War I and World War II.
12.2.10.7. Summarize the Russian Revolution.
12.2.10.8. Relate the rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan.
12.2.10.9. Summarize the political, social, and economic impact of the 1930's worldwide depression.
12.2.10.10. Describe the Nazi Holocaust and other examples of genocide.
12.2.10.11. Explain how new technologies, e.g., atomic power, influenced patterns of conflict.
12.2.10.12. Discuss the economic and military power shifts since 1945, e.g., the rise of Germany and Japan as economic powers.
12.2.10.13. Relate the revolutionary movements in Asia and its leaders, e.g., Mao Tse-tung and Ho Chi Minh.
12.2.10.14. Explain how African and Asian countries achieved independence from European colonial rule, e.g., India under Gandhi and Kenya under Kenyatta, and how they have fared under self-rule.
12.2.10.15. Describe regional and political conflicts, e.g., Korea and Vietnam.
12.2.10.16. Summarize the end of the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union.
NE.12.2.11. World History: 1000 C.E. to the Present: Students will demonstrate historical research and geographical skills.
12.2.11.1. Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources and artifacts.
12.2.11.2. Validate sources as to their authenticity, authority, credibility, and possible bias.
12.2.11.3. Construct various time lines of key events, periods, and personalities since the 11th century.
12.2.11.4. Identify and analyze major shifts in national political boundaries in Europe since 1815.
12.2.11.5. Identify the distribution of major religious cultures in the contemporary world.
12.2.11.6. Apply geography to interpret the past by using maps of time, place events to put together the shifts in boundaries and culture/religious groups through time.
NE.12.3.1. The Governments and Economies of the United States and Nebraska: Students will compare historical forms of democratic governments that influenced the United States Constitution of 1789.
12.3.1.1. Describe forms of democracy that existed in ancient Greece and Rome.
12.3.1.2. Describe the constitutional monarchy in Great Britain.
12.3.1.3. Describe governments in early American colonies.
12.3.1.4. Describe governments in early United States in the 18th century.
NE.12.3.2. The Governments and Economies of the United States and Nebraska: Students will identify examples of fundamental United States political principles contained in the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Federalist Papers, Common Sense, and the United States Constitution.
12.3.2.1. Examine Locke, Hobbes, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Blackstone, Jefferson, Paine, and Machiavelli's theory of government as described in The Prince.
12.3.2.2. Describe constitutionalism, limited government, rule of law, republicanism, and democracy.
12.3.2.3. Identify how the political ideas of the Enlightenment and the ideas of religion affected the founders of the United States.
12.3.2.4. Define sovereignty and consent of the governed.
12.3.2.5. Describe separation of powers, federalism, and checks and balance.
12.3.2.6. Compare the Declaration of Independence and 'Common Sense.'
NE.12.3.3. The Governments and Economies of the United States and Nebraska: Students will analyze the significance of amendments to the United States Constitution.
12.3.3.1. Identify factors, e.g., the conflicts they addressed and the reasons for their adoption.
12.3.3.2. Analyze fundamental liberties, rights, and values outlined by the United States Constitution.
12.3.3.3. Identify various factors addressed by the constitution, e.g., religion, speech, press, assembly and petition, due process, equality under the law, individual worth and dignity, and majority rule and minority rights.
NE.12.3.4. The Governments and Economies of the United States and Nebraska: Students will evaluate and summarize landmark Supreme Court interpretations of the United States Constitution and its amendments.
12.3.4.1. Describe how Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland affected the Constitution.
12.3.4.2. Examine federal civil and voting rights since 1950's, e.g., Brown v. Board of Education, demonstrations leading to desegregation, reapportionment, and voting rights legislation.
12.3.4.3. Explain current patterns and evaluate the impact of Supreme Court decisions on domestic policy issues.
NE.12.3.5. The Governments and Economies of the United States and Nebraska: Students will analyze the fundamental concepts and challenges to democracy by using writing, discussion, and debate skills.
12.3.5.1. Explain equality of all citizens under the law.
12.3.5.2. Examine worth and dignity of the individual.
12.3.5.3. Debate majority rule and minority rights.
12.3.5.4. Identify individual freedoms.
12.3.5.5. Explain the necessity of compromise.
12.3.5.6. Analyze individual rights v. public interests.
NE.12.3.6. The Governments and Economies of the United States and Nebraska: Students will analyze the structure, and function of the United States national governments and its relationship to state governments.
12.3.6.1. Describe the organization, and authority of each branch.
12.3.6.2. Examine the principles of federalism, e.g., concurrent, delegated, and reserved powers.
12.3.6.3. Examine separation of powers, and checks and balances.
12.3.6.4. Explain procedures for constitutional amendment, e.g., Article IV.
12.3.6.5. Identify specific policies related to foreign affairs, civil rights, and economics and the budget.
12.3.6.6. Identify how political parties, interest groups, the media, individuals, and government institutions influence public policy.
12.3.6.7. Describe levels of taxation and the expectation of public services.
NE.12.3.7. The Governments and Economies of the United States and Nebraska: Students will analyze structure and function of Nebraska state and local governments.
12.3.7.1. Describe the organization and authority of each branch.
12.3.7.2. Explain procedures for state constitutional and local charter amendments.
12.3.7.3. Explain how Nebraska's legislative, executive, and judicial institutions make public policy, e.g., legislation, regulations, executive orders, and judicial review.
12.3.7.4. Compare Nebraska's unicameral with a bicameral form of government.
12.3.7.5. Identify and distinguish units of local governments in Nebraska, e.g., counties, cities, towns, and regional authorities by analyzing a local public issue.
12.3.7.6. Identify fundamental American political principles in Nebraska constitution, fundamental liberties, rights, and values, e.g., sovereignty, consent of the governed, separation of powers, federalism, and checks and balance.
12.3.7.7. Identify how political parties, interest groups, the media, individuals, and government institutions influence public policy.
12.3.7.8. Describe levels of taxation and the expectation of public services.
NE.12.3.8. The Governments and Economies of the United States and Nebraska: Students will describe and explain the election process in the national, state, and local governments.
12.3.8.1. Describe the organization of political parties and role in the nominating process.
12.3.8.2. Explain campaign funding and spending.
12.3.8.3. Identify the influence of media coverage, campaign advertising, public opinion polls, and the use of propaganda techniques.
12.3.8.4. Explain demographic causes and political effects of reapportionment and redistricting, e.g., gerrymandering.
12.3.8.5. Describe voter turnout and constituencies of the major political parties
12.3.8.6. Explain the development of political parties and Electoral College.
NE.12.3.9. The Governments and Economies of the United States and Nebraska: Students will explain the rights, freedoms, responsibilities, and benefits of citizenship in the United States.
12.3.9.1. Participate in debates, discussions, and readings by analyzing public issues, communicating with candidates, and evaluating performance of public officials and candidates.
NE.12.3.10. The Governments and Economies of the United States and Nebraska: Students will compare the United States political and economic systems with those of major democratic and authoritarian nations.
12.3.10.1. Compare the structures, functions, and powers of political and economic systems.
12.3.10.2. Describe the rights, responsibilities, and powers of the governed, e.g., grass roots citizens' movements.
12.3.10.3. Compare the relationship between economic and political freedom.
12.3.10.4. Explain the allocation of resources and its impact on productivity.
12.3.10.5. Describe the development and implementation of personal economic decision-making skills in a democratic society.
NE.12.3.11. The Governments and Economies of the United States and Nebraska: Students will analyze characteristics of the United States free market economy.
12.3.11.1. Define labor, capital resources, and natural resources.
12.3.11.2. Describe the role of private ownership, private enterprise, profits, and entrepreneurship.
12.3.11.3. Compare the relationship between households, firms, and government.
12.3.11.4. Explain the labor and management relationships.
12.3.11.5. Discuss opportunity costs, scarcity, and balancing unlimited wants versus limited resources.
12.3.11.6. Explain supply and demand, and the formation of basic economic questions, including what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce.
NE.12.3.12. The Governments and Economies of the United States and Nebraska: Students will analyze the role of the national, state, and local government in the United States economy.
12.3.12.1. Compare interstate commerce and trade policies.
12.3.12.2. Discuss promoting economic growth by providing favorable conditions for markets.
12.3.12.3. Compare providing public goods, services, and protection of the environment.
12.3.12.4. Explain the interrelationship of producers, consumers, and government in the United States economic system.
12.3.12.5. Discuss the impact of fiscal and monetary policy.
12.3.12.6. Identify the basic economic goals in a free market system, including growth, stability, full employment, and efficiency versus equity and justice.
NE.12.3.13. The Governments and Economies of the United States and Nebraska: Students will examine the basic economic indicators and fundamentals of international trade.
12.3.13.1. Define Gross Domestic Product
12.3.13.2. Define Consumer Price Index, employment statistics, and other measure of economic conditions.
12.3.13.3. Explain comparative and absolute advantage.
12.3.13.4. Discuss exchange rates.
12.3.13.5. Explain international trade policies, and the United States relationship to the global economy.
NE.12.4.1. World Geography: Students will demonstrate geographical skills.
12.4.1.1. Recognize the different map projections and explain the effects of distortion.
12.4.1.2. Show how maps reflect particular historical and political perspectives.
12.4.1.3. Apply the concepts of scale, orientation, and latitude and longitude.
12.4.1.4. Create and compare political, physical, and thematic maps of countries and regions.
NE.12.4.2. World Geography: Students will analyze how selected physical and ecological processes impact the earth's surface.
12.4.2.1. Identify natural hazards describe the characteristics, explain their impact on physical and human systems, and assess efforts to manage their consequences in developed and less developed regions.
12.4.2.2. Identify regional climatic patterns and weather phenomena, relating them to events in the contemporary world.
12.4.2.3. Explain how humans influence and are influenced by the environment.
12.4.2.4. Relate how people's ideas and relationship to the environment change over time, particularly in response to new technologies.
NE.12.4.3. World Geography: Students will compare and contrast the distribution, growth rates, and characteristics of human population, e.g., settlement patterns and the location of natural and human resources.
12.4.3.1. Analyze past and present migration trends.
12.4.3.2. Analyze the social, economic, political, and environmental factors that influence cultural interaction.
12.4.3.3. Analyze past and present trends in human migration and cultural interaction as they are influenced by social, economic, political, and environmental factors.
NE.12.4.4. World Geography: Students will analyze the patterns of urban development, such as site and situation; the function of towns and cities; and problems related to human mobility, social structure, and the environment.
NE.12.4.5. World Geography: Students will analyze the regional development of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, and the Caribbean, such as physical, economic, and cultural characteristics and historical evolution from 1000 A.D. to the present.
12.4.5.1. Analyze the patterns and networks of economic interdependence, e.g., formation of multinational economic unions; international trade; the theory of competitive advantage; job specialization; competition for resources; and access to labor, technology, transportation, and communications.
12.4.5.2. Locate and identify by name the major countries in each region, the world's major rivers, mountain ranges, and surrounding bodies of water.
12.4.5.3. Classify and describe the spatial distribution of major economic systems and evaluate their relative merits in terms of productivity and the social and economic well being of workers.
12.4.5.4. Explain how geographic regions change over time.
12.4.5.5. Explain how characteristics of regions have led to regional labels.
12.4.5.6. Explain how regional landscapes reflect the cultural characteristics of their inhabitants as well as historical events.
12.4.5.7. Explain how technological advances have led to increasing interaction among regions.
12.4.5.8. Distinguish between developed and developing countries, identifying and relating the level of economic development to the quality of life.
12.4.5.9. Analyze how certain cultural characteristics can link or divide regions, e.g., language, ethnic heritage, religion, political philosophy, shared history, and social and economic systems.
NE.12.4.6. World Geography: Students will analyze the forces of conflict and cooperation.
12.4.6.1. Explain the way in which the world is divided among independent and dependent countries.
12.4.6.2. Describe disputes over borders, resources, and settlement areas.
12.4.6.3. Describe the historic and future ability of nations to survive and prosper.
12.4.6.4. Explain the role of multinational organizations.
NE.12.4.7. World Geography: Students will apply geography to interpret the past, understand the present, and plan the future.
12.4.7.1. Explain the historical migration of people, expansion and disintegration of empires, and the growth of economic systems by using a variety of maps, charts, and documents.
12.4.7.2. Relate current events to the physical and human characteristics of places and regions.
NE.12.1. United States History
12.1.1. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze and explain the causes and effects of the Age of Discovery, contacts between Native Americans and European settlers, and the creation of the American colonies.
12.1.2. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze and explain the events and ideas of the Early National Period.
12.1.3. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the causes and effects of major events of the Civil War and Reconstruction.
12.1.4. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the impact of immigration on American life, identifying factors.
12.1.5. By the end of twelfth grade, students will summarize causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution.
12.1.6. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the origins and effects of World War I.
12.1.7. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze and explain the Great Depression.
12.1.8. By the end of twelfth grade, students will recognize and explain the origins and effects of World War II.
12.1.9. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze and explain United States foreign policy since World War II.
12.1.10. By the end of twelfth grade, students will evaluate developments in federal civil rights and voting rights since the 1950's.
12.1.11. By the end of twelfth grade, students will demonstrate an understanding of domestic policy issues in contemporary American society.
12.1.12. By the end of twelfth grade, students will explain and demonstrate relationships between the geographical and the historical development of the United States by using maps, pictures, and computer databases.
12.1.13. By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop skills for historical analysis.
12.1.14. By the end of twelfth grade, students will demonstrate verbal and written skills that focus on enduring issues, divergent viewpoints, and excerpts from famous speeches and documents in United States history.
NE.12.2. World History
12.2.1. By the end of twelfth grade, students will demonstrate an understanding of the state of the world about 1000 C.E.
12.2.2. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the patterns of social, economic, political change, and cultural achievement in the late Medieval period.
12.2.3. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the historical developments of the Renaissance.
12.2.4. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the historical developments of the Reformation.
12.2.5. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the impact of European expansion into the Americas, Africa, and Asia.
12.2.6. By the end of twelfth grade, students will compare and contrast Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism and Confucianism.
12.2.7. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the scientific, political, and economic changes of the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.
12.2.8. By the end of twelfth grade, students will describe 19th century political developments in Europe, and their impact on the world.
12.2.9. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze and explain the effects of the Industrial Revolution.
12.2.10. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze major 20th century historical events.
12.2.11. By the end of twelfth grade, students will demonstrate historical research and geographical skills.
NE.12.3. The Governments and Economies of the United States and Nebraska
12.3.1. By the end of twelfth grade, students will compare historical forms of democratic governments that influenced the United States Constitution of 1789.
12.3.2. By the end of twelfth grade, students will identify examples of fundamental United States political principles contained in the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Federalist Papers, Common Sense, and the United States Constitution.
12.3.3. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the significance of amendments to the United States Constitution.
12.3.4. By the end of twelfth grade, students will evaluate and summarize landmark Supreme Court interpretations of the United States Constitution and its amendments.
12.3.5. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the fundamental concepts and challenges to democracy by using writing, discussion, and debate skills.
12.3.6. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the structure, and function of the United States national governments and its relationship to state governments.
12.3.7. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze structure and function of Nebraska state and local governments.
12.3.8. By the end of twelfth grade, students will describe and explain the election process in the national, state, and local governments.
12.3.9. By the end of twelfth grade, students will explain the rights, freedoms, responsibilities, and benefits of citizenship in the United States.
12.3.10. By the end of twelfth grade, students will compare the United States political and economic systems with those of major democratic and authoritarian nations.
12.3.11. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze characteristics of the United States free market economy.
12.3.12. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the role of the national, state, and local government in the United States economy.
12.3.13. By the end of twelfth grade, students will examine the basic economic indicators and fundamentals of international trade.
NE.12.4. World Geography
12.4.1. By the end of twelfth grade, students will demonstrate geographical skills.
12.4.2. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze how selected physical and ecological processes impact the earth's surface.
12.4.3. By the end of twelfth grade, students will compare and contrast the distribution, growth rates, and characteristics of human population, e.g., settlement patterns and the location of natural and human resources.
12.4.4. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the patterns of urban development, such as site and situation; the function of towns and cities; and problems related to human mobility, social structure, and the environment.
12.4.5. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the regional development of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, and the Caribbean, such as physical, economic, and cultural characteristics and historical evolution from 1000 A.D. to the present.
12.4.6. By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the forces of conflict and cooperation.
12.4.7. By the end of twelfth grade, students will apply geography to interpret the past, understand the present, and plan the future.