North Carolina State Standards for Social Studies: Grade 12

NC.1. African American Studies: The learner will assess the influence of geography on the economic, political, and social development of slavery in the United States.

1.01. Analyze the economic, political, and social reasons for focusing the slave trade on Africa.

1.02. Analyze the role of geography on the growth and development of slavery.

1.03. Assess the impact of the slave trade on Africa and the colonies.

1.04. Investigate the Middle Passage as one of the largest forced migrations in human history.

NC.2. African American Studies: The learner will develop an understanding of the justifications and ramifications of slavery between 1619 and 1860.

2.01. Analyze the economic, social, religious, and legal justifications for the establishment and continuation of slavery.

2.02. Discuss and evaluate the various ways Africans in America resisted slavery.

2.03. Analyze the role of African Americans in the development of the United States as a new nation.

2.04. Assess the role slavery played in the development of nationalism and sectionalism.

2.05. Trace the development of the abolitionist movement and its impact on slavery and the nation.

NC.3. African American Studies: The learner will demonstrate an understanding of African American life and cultural contributions through 1860.

3.01. Compare and contrast African American urban and rural communities in the North and the South.

3.02. Discuss and analyze the black family in antebellum America.

3.03. Trace the development of African American institutions such as religion, education, and benevolent organizations.

3.04. Identify the contributions of African Americans in science and the arts.

NC.4. African American Studies: The learner will analyze the roles of African Americans during the Civil War and Reconstruction.

4.01. Evaluate President Lincoln's changing position on African Americans.

4.02. Identify the roles of black soldiers, spies, and slaves to the war effort in both the North and the South.

4.03. Analyze the effects of Reconstruction on the legal, political, social, cultural, educational, and economic life of freedmen.

4.04. Analyze the successes and failures of Reconstruction.

NC.5. African American Studies: The learner will examine the rise of Jim Crow and its effects on the life experiences of African Americans in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

5.01. Assess the economic impact of Jim Crow laws on African Americans.

5.02. Investigate the legal ramifications of segregation laws and court decisions on American society.

5.03. Compare and contrast the political movements that developed in response to Jim Crow laws including, but not limited to, the Niagara Movement, the NAACP, the Urban League, and the Anti-Lynching Crusade.

5.04. Compare and contrast the African American political and legal personalities of the time period and their impact on American society.

5.05. Evaluate the economic, cultural, political, and social impact of African American migration within and from the South.

5.06. Describe the impact of black regiments on the western campaigns, the Spanish American War, and World War I.

NC.6. African American Studies: The learner will analyze the cultural contributions made by African Americans during the Harlem Renaissance.

6.01. Assess the literary contributions made by African Americans.

6.02. Describe the contributions of African Americans to dance and music.

6.03. Identify the contributions of African Americans in the visual arts.

6.04. Evaluate the impact of the black media on American life.

6.05. Analyze the reactions of Americans to the Harlem Renaissance.

NC.7. African American Studies: The learner will assess the plight of African Americans during the Great Depression and World War II.

7.01. Analyze the impact of the Great Depression and the New Deal on the lives of African Americans.

7.02. Evaluate the continued quest for civil rights in America.

7.03. Describe the effects of black 'pop' culture of the 1930's and 1940's.

7.04. Analyze the impact of racism in America during World War II.

7.05. Describe and evaluate the contributions of African Americans during World War II.

7.06. Explain how World War II laid the groundwork for the modern Civil Rights Movement.

NC.8. African American Studies: The learner will analyze the successes and failures of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States.

8.01. Explain how legal victories prior to 1954 gave impetus to the Civil Rights Movement.

8.02. Describe the impact of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas and evaluate the resistance and reaction to it.

8.03. Define various methods used to obtain civil rights.

8.04. Identify various organizations and their role in the Civil Rights Movement.

8.05. Assess the extent to which the Civil Rights Movement transformed American politics and society.

8.06. Determine the impact of the Vietnam War on the Civil Rights Movement.

NC.9. African American Studies: The learner will acquire an understanding of the issues confronting contemporary African Americans in the continuing struggle for equality.

9.01. Identify and analyze how the changing political environment has impacted civil rights.

9.02. Describe how African Americans have responded to political conservatism.

9.03. Compare and contrast the responses of African Americans to the economic, social, and political challenges of contemporary America.

9.04. Identify and evaluate major contemporary African American issues confronting society including, but not limited to, affirmative action, the educational achievement gap, the wealth gap, poverty, AIDS, and crime.

9.05. Analyze the impact of immigration and migration on the lives of African Americans in contemporary America.

9.06. Identify the major contributions of contemporary African Americans in business, education, the arts, politics, sports, science, technology, and society in general.

NC.1. American Government: The learner will identify the basic foundations of the American political system and assess major changes that have occurred.

1.01. Recognize important European influences on the development of the American governmental system.

1.02. Identify fundamentals of the United States Constitution and changes made over time.

1.03. Distinguish between federal and state powers as established in the United States Constitution.

1.04. Analyze the intent of the Founding Fathers in the creation of our early documents.

1.05. Analyze the influences of the early documents on our present plan of government.

NC.2. American Government: The learner will display knowledge of the basic functions and structures of the American political system at the local, state, and federal levels.

2.01. Identify the similarities and differences in the functions of government at each level.

2.02. Differentiate between enumerated, reserved, and concurrent powers.

2.03. Evaluate examples of separation of powers and the system of checks and balances.

2.04. Analyze between local, state, and federal governmental enforcement powers on decisions and policies.

2.05. Assess legislative, executive, and judicial activities at the state and national levels.

NC.3. American Government: The learner will examine the role and analyze the influence of political parties in the American political process.

3.01. Explore the early development of political parties and their impact on political parties today.

3.02. Examine the two-party system.

3.03. Evaluate the creation of third parties in American politics and their effect on political outcomes.

3.04. Analyze the reasons for non-political participation.

NC.4. American Government: The learner will explain the creation of political interest groups and their influence on the political process.

4.01. Pose rationales for the formation of political interest groups.

4.02. Evaluate various lobbying techniques for their legal, ethical, and practical uses.

4.03. Differentiate between the pros and cons of political action groups system.

NC.5. American Government: The learner will examine the basic concepts and practices of the state and national judicial systems.

5.01. Differentiate between the national and state court systems.

5.02. Identify the legal rights of American citizens according to the Bill of Rights.

5.03. Distinguish between civil and criminal law.

5.04. Construct the steps in the legal process.

5.05. Examine and pose solutions to legal problems in the United States.

NC.6. American Government: The learner will analyze the basic rights and responsibilities of citizenship.

6.01. Explain the rights guaranteed to citizens in both the United States and North Carolina Constitutions.

6.02. Differentiate between the legal and ethical responsibilities of citizenship.

6.03. Determine processes that influence civic issues and public actions.

NC.7. American Government: The learner will analyze relationships between the American political system and the international political systems.

7.01. Identify and assess the impact of major American foreign and trade policies.

7.02. Analyze the reasons for change in international relationships throughout history.

7.03. Interpret the influence of American and foreign leadership on international issues.

NC.8. American Government: The learner will examine contemporary issues in public policy.

8.01. Develop a definition for public policy.

8.02. Explore the relationship between technological advances and its implications for public policy.

8.03. Analyze the changing dynamics of citizens' rights.

NC.1. American Indian Studies: The learner will examine American Indian life prior to the arrival of Columbus.

1.01. Describe the Paleo-Indian, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian phases of American Indian prehistory.

1.02. Explain the technological changes which occurred during prehistory.

1.03. Describe the lifestyles of American Indians in prehistory such as subsistence, settlement patterns, and social organization.

1.04. Describe the adaptations of American Indians to local environments.

1.05. Identify how North Carolina fits in the larger prehistoric context, including regional studies of archaeological sites.

NC.2. American Indian Studies: The learner will analyze the historical developments that characterize Native American life in the period prior to the Civil War.

2.01. Explain the effects of contact and conflict between American Indians and Europeans.

2.02. Assess the impact of exploration and colonization of the Americas by Spain, France, England, and other European powers.

2.03. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact on North Carolina tribes of the events of this period, such as the Tuscarora War and the disenfranchisement of the states' American Indians in 1835.

2.04. Assess the impact of the major events of the period including, but not limited to, the Iroquois Confederacy and the Great Law of Peace; the removal of American Indians from the East; and the participation of American Indians in the Civil War.

2.05. Describe colonial and federal treaty relationships with American Indians.

2.06. Identify the major American Indian leaders, male and female, of this period, and explain their significance in the development of U. S. history.

NC.3. American Indian Studies: The learner will analyze the historical developments that characterize Native American life in the period from the Civil War to the present.

3.01. Describe the conflicts between American Indians and Europeans after the Civil War, with special focus on westward expansion and its effects on Indian land.

3.02. Identify and explain the major events of the period including, but not limited to, the Apache Wars, the Flight of the Nez Perce, the Long Walk of the Navajo, Custer's Defeat, Wounded Knee (1890), the Trail of Broken Treaties, the Occupation of Alcatraz, and the Seizure of Wounded Knee (1973).

3.03. Describe the federal policies, which impacted American Indians, such as forced assimilation, allotment, federal boarding schools, compensation termination, relocation, and tribal self-determination.

3.04. Describe the involvement of North Carolina tribes in the events of this period, including but not limited to the Lowrie War, the establishment of all-Indian schools in the state's tribal communities, and the establishment of the North Carolina Commission of Indian Affairs.

3.05. Identify the major American Indian leaders, male and female, of this period, and explain their significance to U. S. history.

NC.4. American Indian Studies: The learner will investigate the diversity of American Indian tribal cultures.

4.01. Identify and describe significant characteristics of major cultural areas of North American Indians.

4.02. Compare and contrast American Indian language families, such as Iroquoian, Algonkian, and Siouan.

4.03. Demonstrate a general knowledge of American Indian art, music and spirituality, including the modern day powwow.

4.04. Explain the connection between American Indian kinship and family structures.

4.05. Compare the worldviews of American Indians and mainstream society, such as concept of time, relationship to the natural universe, and circularity versus linearity.

4.06. Describe the traditional and contemporary cultural characteristics of North Carolina tribes.

NC.5. American Indian Studies: The learner will analyze contemporary issues that face American Indians.

5.01. Analyze the major socio-cultural issues of concern to American Indians, including cultural identity, stereotypes, and relations with non-Indians.

5.02. Analyze the major political issues of concern to American Indians including tribal sovereignty; land, water, hunting and fishing rights; and relationships with federal and state governments.

5.03. Explore the major issues of spirituality which concern American Indians including religious freedom, the Native American Church, protection of sacred sites, and repatriation.

5.04. Identify major health issues of concern to American Indians including, but not limited to, diabetes, hypertension, asthma, and substance abuse and analyze their impact on American Indians.

5.05. Discuss the contemporary issues that affect North Carolina Indian tribes.

NC.1. Contemporary Issues in North Carolina History: The learner will explore environment issues affecting North Carolina.

1.01. List current environmental issues in North Carolina.

1.02. Trace the origin of environmental problems and concerns.

1.03. Discuss the impact environmental problems have on the citizens of North Carolina.

1.04. Analyze the economic and political impact caused by environmental problems.

NC.2. Contemporary Issues in North Carolina History: The learner will evaluate North Carolina's educational system as related to current concerns.

2.01. Identify current problems impacting North Carolina's educational system.

2.02. Analyze the legal and economic impact of recent court cases on education.

2.03. Analyze the implications of recent laws on public and charter schools.

2.04. Assess the impact of school accountability and the ABC program on public education.

2.05. Trace the history and future implications of educational funding.

NC.3. Contemporary Issues in North Carolina History: The learner will analyze diversity in North Carolina and hypothesize future problems and solutions.

3.01. Explore the diverse populations in North Carolina.

3.02. Assess the needs, problems, and concerns of diverse groups.

3.03. Analyze the impact immigration and migration has on North Carolina's economy.

3.04. Identify organizations designed to assist diverse groups and analyze their effectiveness.

3.05. Strategize various methods and types of assistance for involvement of students.

NC.4. Contemporary Issues in North Carolina History: The learner will examine the state of North Carolina's economy and consider ways to improve current conditions.

4.01. Compare and contrast the economic situations in North Carolina over the last decade.

4.02. Analyze the changes and reasons for those changes.

4.03. Describe suggestions for solving economic problems.

NC.5. Contemporary Issues in North Carolina History: The learner will analyze critical issues facing North Carolina's youth.

5.01. Define 'today's youth.'

5.02. Trace educational, economical, social, political, and legal issues confronting youth.

5.03. Formulate solutions and access venues for resolving issues confronting today's youth.

NC.6. Contemporary Issues in North Carolina History: The learner will address current legislative and governmental topics.

6.01. List current citizen concerns pertaining to North Carolina politics and government.

6.02. Assess the feelings and opinions of citizens on selected topics.

6.03. Pose possible solutions to address concerns of the citizenry.

NC.7. Contemporary Issues in North Carolina History: The learner will research the current transportation systems in North Carolina and outline possible proposals for the future.

7.01. Research the different transportation systems in North Carolina.

7.02. Identify problems associated with each transportation system.

7.03. Explore proposals for resolving transportation problems in the state.

7.04. Predict future transportation alternatives.

NC.8. Contemporary Issues in North Carolina History: The learner will recognize important issues facing a technology-driven society.

8.01. Trace the development of technology in the state.

8.02. Identify various ways technology is used in North Carolina today.

8.03. Discuss the positive and adverse effects of technology on the state.

8.04. Analyze the importance of the Research Triangle Park and its impact in the area of technology.

NC.9. Contemporary Issues in North Carolina History: The learner will analyze the state of North Carolina's general welfare and site examples of ways to make positive changes.

9.01. Define 'general welfare' as expressed in the United States and North Carolina constitutions.

9.02. Identify areas that constitute the 'general welfare' in North Carolina.

9.03. Analyze ways North Carolina handles the 'general welfare,' and explore ways to improve these issues.

9.04. Design goals for the state to implement in securing the 'general welfare.'

NC.10. Contemporary Issues in North Carolina History: The learner will examine local and community issues and identify ways to make positive contributions.

10.01. Compile a list of local and community concerns and issues.

10.02. Explore current and future solutions to issues.

10.03. Formulate solutions and access venues for resolving and confronting today's issues.

10.04. Identify community service organization and analyze their importance.

10.05. Assess ways students can become involved in and help resolve local and community issues.

NC.1. Contemporary Law and Justice: The learner will analyze the sources, purposes, and functions of law, the changes that have occurred in law, and the need for active and ongoing change.

1.01. Describe the purposes and functions of law.

1.02. Investigate the sources and development of law.

1.03. Analyze the need for active and ongoing changes in the law.

NC.2. Contemporary Law and Justice: The learner will describe the civil and criminal justice systems, analyze their operations, and assess their effectiveness.

2.01. Distinguish similarities and differences in the civil and criminal justice systems.

2.02. Compare the operations and processes of the civil and criminal justice systems.

2.03. Examine the issues and problems confronting the civil and criminal justice systems.

2.04. Assess the effectiveness of the state and federal judicial systems in resolving issues and problems.

NC.3. Contemporary Law and Justice: The learner will differentiate between the roles and responsibilities of federal and state judicial systems and assess their effectiveness.

3.01. Describe the roles and responsibilities of federal and state judicial systems.

3.02. Compare and contrast the federal and state court systems.

3.03. Assess the movement of cases through the state and federal court systems.

NC.4. Contemporary Law and Justice: The learner will compare and contrast the roles and responsibilities of local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies.

4.01. Distinguish between similarities and differences among various federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies.

4.02. Differentiate between the responsibilities and jurisdiction of federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies.

4.03. Assess the working relationships between law enforcement agencies at different levels.

NC.5. Contemporary Law and Justice: The learner will identify correctional theories and evaluate their effectiveness in federal and state correctional systems.

5.01. Identify various correctional theories used in determining civil and criminal penalties.

5.02. Evaluate the effectiveness of correctional programs in federal and state correctional systems.

5.03. Identify sentencing options available in the federal and state judicial systems.

5.04. Identify and evaluate alternatives to incarceration.

5.05. Evaluate the effectiveness of the correctional systems in deterring crime.

NC.1. Economics: The learner will demonstrate the role of economic choices within a market economy.

1.01. Define the categories of productive resources and site examples of each.

1.02. Explain the condition of scarcity and relate the concept of scarcity to choice, opportunity costs, and tradeoffs.

1.03. Identify and explain broad economic and social goals.

1.04. Compare and contrast traditional, market, command, and mixed economic systems and their responses to production.

1.05. Describe the impact of defined and enforced property rights on a market economy.

1.06. Describe consumer response to positive and negative incentives.

1.07. Predict how interest rates act as an incentive for borrowing and saving.

1.08. Formulate a savings or financial investment plan for a future goal.

1.09. Identify the conditions for voluntary exchange.

1.10. Analyze public policy issues affecting decision making within a community.

NC.2. Economics: The learner will analyze the role that supply and demand, prices, and profits play in determining production and distribution in a market economy.

2.01. Define supply and demand and identify factors that cause changes in market supply and demand.

2.02. Explain the functions of supply and demand.

2.03. Describe the role of producers and consumers in determining the equilibrium price.

2.04. Explain the concept of consumer sovereignty.

2.05. Explain the function of profit in a market economy.

2.06. Describe the primary factors of production and their impact on the standard of living.

2.07. Explain how financial markets channel funds from savers to investors.

NC.3. Economics: The learner will analyze the organization and role of business firms and assess the various types of market structures in the United States economy.

3.01. Compare and contrast the different types of business organization.

3.02. Identify various ways firms finance operations and explain the advantages and disadvantages of each way.

3.03. Explain the evolution and role of labor organizations and cooperatives in market economies.

3.04. Describe the four market structures in the United States and the impact of government regulations on them.

3.05. Describe the benefits of natural monopolies and the purposes of government regulation of these monopolies.

3.06. Analyze the importance of competition among producers.

3.07. Explain the role of marginal analysis in determining prices and output.

NC.4. Economics: The learner will evaluate the roles of government in a market economy.

4.01. Explain the basic functions of government in a market economy.

4.02. Identify ways the government responds to market failures.

4.03. Describe major revenue and expenditure categories and their respective proportions of local, state, and federal budgets.

4.04. Explore ways tax revenue is used in the community.

4.05. Define progressive, proportional, and regressive taxation.

4.06. Describe how and when costs of government policies may exceed benefits.

4.07. Distinguish between federal deficits and the national debt and predict their future effects on the economy.

4.08. Predict the effects of federal spending and taxation on budget deficits and surpluses and the national debt.

NC.5. Economics: The learner will examine the various ways economic performance is measured.

5.01. Describe the various economic performance indicators and explain how they are calculated.

5.02. Explain the limitations of using GDP to measure economic welfare.

5.03. Describe the nature and causes of business cycles and analyze the impact of major events on them.

5.04. Identify the causes of inflation and analyze its impact on economic decisions.

5.05. Assess how individual spending and production decisions impact levels of income, employment, and prices.

5.06. Identify causes and effects of inflation, and analyze its impact on economic decisions.

5.07. Illustrate and explain the determinant of unemployment and inflation in an economy.

5.08. Compare and analyze current unemployment rates at the local, state, and national levels.

5.09. Propose solutions for addressing issues of unemployment in the community.

NC.6. Economics: The learner will describe the role of money and financial institutions in a market economy.

6.01. Explain the basic functions of money.

6.02. Identify the composition of the money supply of the United States.

6.03. Explain the role of banks and other financial institutions in the economy of the United States.

6.04. Describe the organization and functions of the Federal Reserve System.

6.05. Compare and contrast credit, savings, and investment services available to the consumer from financial institutions.

6.06. Research and monitor financial investments, such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds.

6.07. Formulate a credit plan for purchasing a major item comparing different interest rates.

NC.7. Economics: The learner will assess economic stabilization policies and how they impact the economy.

7.01. Define and explain fiscal and monetary policy.

7.02. Describe the negative impact unemployment and unintended inflation has on the economy.

7.03. Explain how monetary policy affects the level of inflation.

7.04. Analyze the role of taxation and fiscal policy in promoting price stability, full employment, and economic growth.

7.05. Analyze the purpose of monetary tools used by the Federal Reserve.

7.06. Articulate the impact of monetary or fiscal policy on purchasing decisions.

NC.8. Economics: The learner will analyze the international dimensions of economics.

8.01. Explain the benefits of trade among individuals, regions, and countries.

8.02. Define trade barriers, such as quotas and tariffs, and site how different countries use them.

8.03. Distinguish between balance of trade and balance of payments.

8.04. Compare and contrast labor productivity trends in the United States and other developed countries.

8.05. Discuss the concept of balance of trade and explain its benefits and costs.

8.06. Explain the impact of exchange rates on purchasing power.

8.07. Evaluate the benefits and costs of free trade.

NC.1. Geography in Action: The learner will understand the growing importance of tourism to global, national, statewide, and local economic development.

1.01. Demonstrate an understanding of the history of travel in the world and the United States, noting the conditions that led to the emergence of the modern tourist.

1.02. Collect and analyze tourism statistics such as employment and revenue generated by tourism.

1.03. Summarize the importance of tourism to the world economy, the United States economy, and North Carolina economy.

1.04. Identify and describe examples of tourism development in local area.

1.05. Discuss the interconnections between global, national, and local tourism economies.

NC.2. Geography in Action: The learner will identify major tourist flows in the world and locate various countries, major cities, natural attractions, and historic sites of tourist importance.

2.01. Define the concept of spatial movement and flow.

2.02. Identify different types of movement; differentiate between permanent migration and temporary travel patterns, including tourism.

2.03. Identify different types of tourist movement or flow in the world such as coastal tourism; park tourism; agricultural tourism; mountain/upland tourism; urban tourism; ethnic tourism; indigenous tourism, adventure tourism, and heritage tourism.

2.04. Identify the location and characteristics, physical and human, of important tourist places for each region of the world.

2.05. Demonstrate ability to plan a two-week, theme vacation around the world with itinerary, transportation, estimated costs, list of countries and sites to visit, and reasons for visiting.

2.06. Identify the location and characteristics, physical and human, of important tourist places in North Carolina.

2.07. Demonstrate ability to plan a one-week, theme vacation around North Carolina with itinerary, transportation, estimated costs, list of counties, cities, and sites to visit, and reasons for visiting.

NC.3. Geography in Action: The learner will use maps and other geographic tools, such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) to identify, describe, and interpret major international travel patterns as related to the United States.

3.01. Demonstrate an understanding of the various types of thematic maps.

3.02. Demonstrate a working knowledge of GIS and other map-making tools.

3.03. Construct a map showing country origin of international tourist's arrivals into the United States.

3.04. Construct a map showing country destination of international travelers from United States.

3.05. Summarize major travel-generating areas for tourism into the United States and major travel-receiving areas for tourists from the United States.

3.06. Demonstrate an understanding of the 'uneven geographic nature' of tourism that result in some countries being visited more frequently than others.

3.07. Discuss factors affecting travel to countries such as distance, political/international relations, cultural environment, and attitude of governments toward tourism.

NC.4. Geography in Action: The learner will use maps and other geographic tools such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) to identify, describe, and interpret major intra-national travel patterns as related to North Carolina.

4.01. Identify differences in traveling internationally versus within one's own country.

4.02. Use a map to locate places of personal touristic importance and experience.

4.03. Construct a map showing state origin of tourists visiting North Carolina.

4.04. Construct maps showing state origin of tourists visiting other states.

4.05. Identify and compare major travel-generating states for tourism into North Carolina with major travel-generating states for tourism into other states.

4.06. Explain factors affecting similarities and differences in tourism patterns in North Carolina versus other states.

4.07. Construct a map showing North Carolina counties with the most and least amount of revenue and jobs generated by tourism.

4.08. Discuss how the geography of North Carolina tourism reflects an unevenness and identify reasons for and consequences of some counties engaging in tourism more than others.

NC.5. Geography in Action: The learner will understand mental maps and recognize how mental maps shape people's willingness and unwillingness to travel to certain places.

5.01. Define concept of mental map and identify different types

5.02. Identify factors that shape a person's mental map such as the mass media, geographic education, prejudices, and travel experience.

5.03. Explain how and why a positive or negative mental map of a place can affect a person's decision to travel.

5.04. Construct and use a public opinion survey to measure local perception of places, both of great tourist importance and of lesser tourist importance.

5.05. Use a graphing program and other computer resources to visually represent survey results.

5.06. Participate in a class presentation and discussion of results, factors affecting surveyed perceptions, the accuracy of those perceptions, and the impact of those perceptions on potential travel.

NC.6. Geography in Action: The learner will understand the importance of place images in tourism, how places are sold or represented as tourist destinations, and how these shape people's perception and interaction with the world.

6.01. Define the concept of 'place image' and identify different types.

6.02. Discuss how and why places are sold or represented as attractive destinations.

6.03. Summarize the importance of advertising to tourism development.

6.04. Identify major place image themes found in tourism advertising including, but not limited to, location/proximity, naturalness, escapism, authenticity, climate, and hospitality.

6.05. Search for and obtain examples of place images found in tourism advertising including, but not limited to, travel brochures, newspaper and magazine ads, television and radio commercials, and Internet travel agencies.

6.06. Analyze place images in tourist advertising; identify themes and symbols used, generalizations, and possible inaccuracies and omissions.

6.07. Construct and present an advertising narrative using graphics and slogans that could be used in selling or representing one's hometown as a tourist destination.

6.08. Compare and contrast different promotional images of hometown, recognizing the different ways of seeing a place as a tourist destination.

NC.7. Geography in Action: The learner will develop an understanding of how tourism affects the economy of places.

7.01. Recognize that tourism has power to generate foreign exchange, create employment, and stimulate economies in industrialized and developing countries.

7.02. Recognize the costs of hosting tourists, such as the building of hotels, increased law enforcement, construction of attractions, and transportation routes.

7.03. Define and explain the 'multiplier effect' of tourism, how the monetary benefits of tourism development spread through a destination's local population directly and indirectly.

7.04. Define and explain the opportunities that tourism brings to a destination's local economy.

7.05. Identify positive aspects of tourism economy within hometown.

7.06. Define and explain the 'reverse multiplier effect' of tourism, how the tourist economy can raise the price of goods and services for a destination's local population.

7.07. Define and explain the 'opportunity costs,' how investment in tourism diverts revenue away from funding other opportunities in a destination's local economy.

7.08. Identify negative aspects of tourism economy in a hometown.

NC.8. Geography in Action: The learner will examine how tourism affects social relations in a place and identify the various social actors involved in the tourism experience.

8.01. Identify three major social actors involved in tourism: host, tourist, and mediator.

8.02. Identify the various types of host such as active, passive, and resistant, and explain the various ways in which a host can interact with a tourist, both positively and negatively.

8.03. Identify the various types of tourist and explain the various ways in which a tourist can see, treat and interact with a host, both positively and negatively.

8.04. Explain ways in which the tourist experience is characterized by cooperation and conflict between 'insider' (host) and 'outsider' (tourist) interests.

8.05. Identify the complex role that mediators play in the tourism experiences, such as the role of travel guides/agents.

8.06. Discuss how tourism encourages the local population of a tourist destination to express, celebrate, and even preserve their cultural identity.

8.07. Discuss how tourism discourages the local population of a tourist destination from expressing their real cultural identity.

8.08. Recognize how political situations can exercise a negative or positive influence on tourists through currency policy, violence against visitors, and government contribution to tourism organizations.

NC.9. Geography in Action: The learner will analyze how tourism affects the environmental/physical geography of a place, leading to both environmental deterioration and environmental conservation.

9.01. Summarize the importance of outdoor recreation within tourism as a whole.

9.02. Identify and locate natural activities and attractions sought after by tourists.

9.03. Identify the environmental costs of tourism such as increased use of resources and increased pollution.

9.04. Summarize the history of the national park system in the United States and identify the positive and negative environmental consequences of park tourism.

9.05. Define the concept of 'sustainability' and discuss the promotion of ecotourism as a cleaner, more sustainable form of tourism.

9.06. Identify examples of ecotourism themes and locations around the world, the United States, and North Carolina.

9.07. Identify how tourism can encourage the conservation and preservation of plants, animals, habitats, and traditional indigenous cultures.

NC.10. Geography in Action: The learner will critically evaluate the impact of tourism on people and places by examining international, national, statewide, and local case studies.

10.01. Research and evaluate the role of tourism in selected countries in the Western and Eastern Hemisphere.

10.02. Research and evaluate the role of tourism on Native American Reservations.

10.03. Research and evaluate the role of community festivals in North Carolina.

10.04. Research and evaluate the role of tourism in one's hometown.

NC.1. Latino American Studies: The learner will examine the geographical regions and climates of Latin America.

1.01. Describe the major geographical regions and physical environments of Latin America.

1.02. Compare and contrast how physical geography impacts the political boundaries of Latin America.

1.03. Analyze the impact of natural phenomena on the inhabitants of Latin America.

1.04. Assess the impact of environmental problems on Latin America.

NC.2. Latino American Studies: The learner will explore the Pre-Columbian civilizations of Latin America and assess the impact of European colonization.

2.01. Locate and describe the early people of Latin America.

2.02. Compare and contrast the civilizations of Maya, Aztec, and Inca, and cite their major contributions.

2.03. Explain the effects of contact and conflict between pre-Columbian cultures and Europeans.

2.04. Assess the impact of colonization of Latin America by Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, and other European powers.

2.05. Assess the impact of the Atlantic slave trade on Latin America.

2.06. Analyze the economic, political, social, and cultural impact of European colonization on different cultures of Latin America.

NC.3. Latino American Studies: The learner will examine independence movements in selected countries of Latin America, and assess the political, economic, and cultural impact of post-independence in Latin America.

3.01. Trace the causes for and results of independence movements in Latin America and describe the impact of independence on colonizers and newly independent countries.

3.02. Examine selected political and revolutionary movements and leaders in Latin American and assess their continuing impact on society as well as the United States' role in these movements.

3.03. Compare and contrast the role of race, status, and identity in Latin American societies.

3.04. Explore the influence and role of religion in Latin America.

3.05. Examine the culture including, but not limited to, music, dance, art, and literature of selected societies of Latin America.

3.06. Describe the economic development of selected countries in Latin America and the impact on governments and societies.

NC.4. Latino American Studies: The learner will examine the relationship between Latin American countries and the United States.

4.01. Describe the diplomatic relationships with the United States and Latin American countries and analyze their economic impact on Latin America.

4.02. Analyze the impact of trade, industry, and United States' monetary investment in selected Latin American countries up to the present day.

4.03. Assess the growth of urbanization and industrialization and its impact on modernization of selected Latin American countries.

4.04. Examine economic development initiatives and their results in selected Latin American countries.

4.05. Analyze the causes of migration and immigration from selected countries of Latin America and assess their impact on these countries and on the United States.

NC.5. Latino American Studies: The learner will analyze contemporary issues that face Latino American in North Carolina and the rest of the United States.

5.01. Identify and describe the major socio-cultural issues of concern to Latino Americans, including cultural identity, stereotypes, and relations with citizens in the United States and North Carolina.

5.02. Identify and describe the major political issues of concern to Latino Americans in the United States and North Carolina and assess the significance of federal and state agencies on the Latino American community.

5.03. Assess the economic impact of Latino American immigrants and citizens on the United States and North Carolina.

5.04. Identify major health issues of concern to Latino Americans.

5.05. Examine how contemporary issues affect Latino Americans in North Carolina, such as education, employment, and citizenship.

5.06. Describe the traditional and contemporary cultural characteristics of Latino Americans in North Carolina and identify key community leaders.

5.07. Explore the various ways Latino Americans retain their cultural traditions in North Carolina and examine the diversity within their community.

NC.1. Psychology: The learner will become familiar with the history and research methods of psychology.

1.01. Discuss the contemporary perspectives used by psychologists to understand behavior and mental processes.

1.02. Identify the major subfields and career opportunities that comprise psychology.

1.03. Distinguish between the different research strategies used by psychologists to explore behavior and mental processes.

1.04. Distinguish and employ the basic concepts of statistical data.

1.05. Analyze the ethical issues in psychological research.

1.06. Discuss the development of psychology as an empirical science

NC.2. Psychology: The learner will demonstrate an understanding of the biological bases of behavior.

2.01. Identify the structure and function of the neuron.

2.02. Identify, describe, and explain the organization of the nervous system.

2.03. Describe the structure and functions of the brain.

2.04. Differentiate among the technologies and clinical methods for studying the brain.

2.05. Compare and contrast the specialized functions of the brain's hemispheres.

2.06. Describe the structure and function of the endocrine system.

2.08. Explain how psychological mechanisms are influenced by evolution.

NC.3. Psychology: The learner will examine lifespan development.

3.02. Analyze research techniques used to gather data on the developmental process.

3.03. Identify the stage theories of development.

3.04. Discuss issues surrounding the developmental process.

3.05. Assess the impact of technology on aspects of the lifespan.

NC.4. Psychology: The learner will explore the basic concepts of sensation and perception.

4.01. Analyze the basic concepts explaining the capabilities and limitations of sensory processes.

4.02. Examine the components of vision.

4.03. Describe the interaction of the person and the environment in determining perception.

4.04. Explain the nature of attention.

NC.5. Psychology: The learner will analyze basic concepts of motivation and emotion.

5.01. Identify theories of motivation.

5.02. Examine the biological and environmental cues instigating basic drives or motives.

5.03. Analyze the theories and physiology of emotion.

5.04. Discuss the effects of motivation and emotion on perception, cognition, and behavior.

NC.6. Psychology: The learner will examine factors associated with stress.

6.01. Identify major sources of stress.

6.02. Explore psychological and physiological reactions to stress.

6.03. Identify and explain cognitive strategies to deal with stress and promote health.

NC.7. Psychology: The learner will analyze factors influencing the cognitive domain.

7.01. Analyze the various learning processes and factors influencing classical and operant conditioning, and cognitive learning.

7.02. Explain the role of biology and culture in determining learning.

7.03. Describe the processes of encoding information into memory.

7.04. Distinguish between short-term and long-term memory systems and explain the process of retrieval.

7.05. Discuss methods for improving memory.

NC.8. Psychology: The learner will explore the process of thinking and language development.

8.01. Describe the tools used in the individual's thought process.

8.02. Identify the strategies and obstacles for problem solving and decision making.

8.03. Identify theories and developmental stages of language acquisition.

8.04. Discuss the links between thinking and language.

NC.9. Psychology: The learner will analyze the differing states of consciousness.

9.01. Classify the characteristics of sleep and theories that explain why we sleep.

9.02. Analyze theories used to explain and interpret dreams.

9.03. Assess basic phenomena and uses of hypnosis.

9.04. Categorize the different psychoactive drugs and their effects.

NC.10. Psychology: The learner will examine individual differences and personalities.

10.01. Describe concepts related to the measurement of individual differences.

10.02. Explain the influence and interaction of heredity and environment on individual differences.

10.03. Analyze the nature of intelligence and intelligence testing.

10.04. Define personality and personality constructs.

10.05. Explain personality approaches and identify important contributions to the understanding of personality.

10.06. Analyze the different tools and tests used in personality assessment.

NC.11. Psychology: The learner will examine the characteristics and treatments of psychological disorders.

11.01. Describe the characteristics and origins of abnormal behavior, and explain methods used in exploring abnormal behavior.

11.02. Discuss major categories of abnormal behavior and explore the challenges associated with accurate diagnosis.

11.03. Analyze the impact of mental disorders and efforts to promote greater understanding of abnormal behavior.

11.04. Explain methods used to treat people with disorders.

11.05. Discuss the legal and ethical challenges involved in delivery of treatment.

NC.12. Psychology: The learner will evaluate the social and cultural dimensions of behavior.

12.01. Assess how people relate to one another.

12.02. Identify the primary social and cultural categories of the United States culture.

12.03. Examine how social and cultural categories influence behavior.

12.04. Explore how group interaction affects behavior.

NC.1. Sociology: The learner will develop a sociological point of view.

1.01. Discuss the origins of sociology.

1.02. Describe similarities and differences between sociology and the other social sciences.

1.03. Identify the relationship between the study of sociology, society, and culture.

1.04. Define and apply key concepts used in sociology to understand human society and interaction.

1.05. Differentiate among the various sociological perspectives or theories on social life and formulate a personal perspective.

1.06. Differentiate among the various sociological research methods.

NC.2. Sociology: The learner will demonstrate an understanding of the nature of culture and the role it plays for the individual and for society.

2.01. Identify and apply the elements of culture.

2.02. Compare and contrast various cultures of the world.

2.03. Explain how the elements of culture form a whole culture.

2.04. Explore the relationship between language and the transmission of culture.

2.05. Analyze the role that culture plays in determining personality.

NC.3. Sociology: The learner will develop an understanding of social interaction and social structure.

3.01. Define and evaluate the theoretical perspectives of social interaction.

3.02. Explain the types of social interaction.

3.03. Distinguish status from role and pose solutions to role conflicts.

3.04. Discuss how the social structure of a culture affects social interaction.

NC.4. Sociology: The learner will demonstrate an understanding of the importance of groups and organizations in society.

4.01. Distinguish between social groups and formal organizations.

4.02. Classify types of social groups that exist in society.

4.03. Analyze group dynamics and assess its effects on group behavior.

4.04. Evaluate the nature of bureaucracies.

NC.5. Sociology: The learner will analyze the process of socialization.

5.01. Define socialization.

5.02. List the agents of socialization.

5.03. Describe how the process of socialization is culturally determined.

5.04. Explain the various theoretical perspectives on socialization.

5.05. Trace how socialization is a life long process.

5.06. Evaluate the functions and roles of socializing agents.

NC.6. Sociology: The learner will discuss deviance as a social construct relative to time, place, and social circumstances.

6.01. Distinguish between conformity with and deviation from cultural norms.

6.02. Differentiate between various explanations or theories for deviant behavior.

6.03. Analyze various social control techniques.

6.04. Classify types of crime.

6.05. Evaluate the American criminal justice system's response to deviant behavior.

NC.7. Sociology: The learner will analyze the functions and social structure of social institutions.

7.01. Determine how social institutions evolve.

7.02. Identify and evaluate the functions of social institutions.

7.03. Evaluate the role and effectiveness of social institutions.

7.04. Assess the social integration of social institutions.

NC.8. Sociology: The learner will examine major social problems.

8.01. Describe major social problems and social issues.

8.02. Analyze causes and effects of social problems and issues.

8.03. Construct possible solutions to given social problems.

NC.9. Sociology: The learner will demonstrate an understanding of how society changes.

9.01. Discuss the theoretical approaches used to study social change.

9.02. Evaluate the causes and effects of social change.

9.03. Describe ways groups resist and accommodate change.

NC.1. Core Skill: The learner will acquire strategies for reading social studies materials and for increasing social studies vocabulary.

1.01. Read for literal meaning.

1.02. Summarize to select main ideas.

1.03. Draw inferences.

1.04. Detect cause and effect.

1.05. Recognize bias and propaganda.

1.06. Recognize and use social studies terms in written and oral reports.

1.07. Distinguish fact and fiction.

1.08. Use context clues and appropriate sources such as glossaries, texts, and dictionaries to gain meaning.

NC.2. Core Skill: The learner will acquire strategies to access a variety of sources, and use appropriate research skills to gather, synthesize, and report information using diverse modalities to demonstrate the knowledge acquired.

2.01. Use appropriate sources of information.

2.02. Explore print and non-print materials.

2.03. Utilize different types of technology.

2.04. Utilize community-related resources such as field trips, guest speakers, and interviews.

2.05. Transfer information from one medium to another such as written to visual and statistical to written.

2.06. Create written, oral, musical, visual, and theatrical presentations of social studies information.

NC.3. Core Skill: The learner will acquire strategies to analyze, interpret, create, and use resources and materials.

3.01. Use map and globe reading skills.

3.02. Interpret graphs and charts.

3.03. Detect bias.

3.04. Interpret social and political messages of cartoons.

3.05. Interpret history through artifacts, arts, and media.

NC.4. Core Skill: The learner will acquire strategies needed for applying decision-making and problem-solving techniques both orally and in writing to historic, contemporary, and controversial world issues.

4.01. Use hypothetical reasoning processes.

4.02. Examine, understand, and evaluate conflicting viewpoints.

4.03. Recognize and analyze values upon which judgments are made.

4.04. Apply conflict resolutions.

4.05. Predict possible outcomes.

4.06. Draw conclusions.

4.07. Offer solutions.

4.08. Develop hypotheses.

NC.5. Core Skill: The learner will acquire strategies needed for effective incorporation of computer technology in the learning process.

5.01. Use word processing to create, format, and produce classroom assignments/projects.

5.02. Create and modify a database for class assignments.

5.03. Create, modify, and use spreadsheets to examine real-world problems.

5.04. Create nonlinear projects related to the social studies content area via multimedia presentations.