Georgia State Standards for Arts Education: Grade 8

GA.1. Fine Arts: Band

1.1. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates correct playing position and posture for chosen instrument.

1.2. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates correct breathing, embouchure, articulation, vibrato and technical skills appropriate to the chosen instrument and developmental level.

1.3. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Participates effectively as a member of performing ensembles.

1.4. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Performs class repertoire at the expected competency level.

1.5. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Performs music reading skills, including sight-reading, at the expected competency level.

1.6. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates ability to perform individually, in small groups, and as a member of the total ensemble.

1.7. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Tunes instrument accurately with assistance and demonstrates an increasing awareness of good intonation.

1.8. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates understanding of phrase and melody through performance.

1.9. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Recognizes harmonic structure and demonstrates an awareness of its role in performance.

1.10. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Recognizes key signatures of selected repertoire and performs appropriate scales and arpeggios.

1.11. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Identifies the timbre of band instruments.

1.12. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates knowledge of music vocabulary necessary for study, rehearsal and performance of music.

1.13. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Uses print and nonprint media to access music information.

1.14. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Performs interpretations and/or improvisations of music repertoire.

1.15. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Creates, notates and performs a simple melody for his or her instrument.

1.16. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates knowledge of vibrato on chosen instrument.

1.17. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Responds appropriately to conducting techniques used by the director.

1.18. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Performs with characteristic tone quality at the expected competency level.

1.19. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Demonstrates knowledge of form in music repertoire.

1.20. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Critiques music performed by the ensemble and suggests ways to improve.

1.21. Historical and Cultural Context: Identifies and compares performance styles from various historical eras of music.

1.22. Historical and Cultural Context: Demonstrates knowledge of composers of selected music repertoire and the historical/cultural context of works being performed.

1.23. Historical and Cultural Context: Describes the evolution and history of band instruments.

GA.2. Fine Arts: Choral Music

2.1. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates correct posture for singing.

2.2. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates correct breathing techniques for vocal production.

2.3. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Sings accurate pitches and rhythms.

2.4. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Sings scales, arpeggios and vocalizes from memory.

2.5. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Sings with clear vowel sounds, proper diction and appropriate tone quality.

2.6. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Sings the assigned part in an ensemble, with and without accompaniment.

2.7. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates proficiency in sight-reading at the expected competency level.

2.8. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Performs selected music repertoire at the expected competency level.

2.9. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates ability to perform individually, in small groups and as a member of the total ensemble.

2.10. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Participates effectively as a member of performing ensembles.

2.11. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Recognizes key signatures of music performed.

2.12. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Identifies differences in scales and harmonies from aural and visual examples.

2.13. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Identifies various types of voices heard in choral performances.

2.14. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates knowledge of music vocabulary necessary for study, rehearsal and performance of music.

2.15. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Uses print and nonprint media to locate definitions of musical terms and to translate foreign language texts.

2.16. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Sings from memory selected music for public performance.

2.17. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Responds appropriately to conducting techniques used by the director.

2.18. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Describes how technology is used to transcribe, edit, compose and perform music on a computer station.

2.19. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Interprets meaning of texts in repertoire.

2.20. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Recognizes relationship of text to music elements in repertoire (e.g., rhythm, melody, harmony, form, tempo, dynamics, phrase, and tonality).

2.21. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Demonstrates appropriate understanding of form in literature performed.

2.22. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Identifies the characteristics of performance styles of music being rehearsed and performed.

2.23. Historical and Cultural Context: Demonstrates knowledge of composers of selected repertoire and the historical/ cultural context of works being performed.

2.24. Historical and Cultural Context: Explains the importance of contributions of various ethnic cultures to selected repertoire.

GA.3. Fine Arts: Dance

3.1. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Participates in warm-up sequences based on specific dance techniques (e.g., Graham, Cecchetti, Luigi).

3.2. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates behaviors needed to participate in drama activities.

3.3. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Identifies health issues important to dance training.

3.4. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Recognizes and uses dance as a means of physical fitness and wellness.

3.5. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Explores principles of anatomy and injury prevention integral to dance training.

3.6. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Discusses health issues and nutrition important to dance training.

3.7. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates a synthesis of dance technique principles.

3.8. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Combines elements of movement in long phrases demonstrating change of level, beginning, middle, end, spatial patterns, and dynamics.

3.9. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates expanded range and application of dance terminology.

3.10. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates a general knowledge of technical skills from different styles of dance.

3.11. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Exhibits positive work habits and self-discipline in the study of dance.

3.12. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates individuality of expression in performance.

3.13. Connections: Develops versatility through experimentation with various movement approaches.

3.14. Connections: Demonstrates awareness of technological resources available for dance.

3.15. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Observes and critiques dance performances using specified criteria and appropriate dance terminology.

3.16. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Creates advance/composition incorporating several choreographic principles.

3.17. Historical and Cultural Context: Demonstrates and understands the various roles of dance in society, in different cultures, and in historical periods (e.g., ritual, education, entertainment, therapy).

3.18. Historical and Cultural Context: Examines dance as a means of expressing a culture's values, religious tradition, social mores, and historical periods.

3.19. Historical and Cultural Context: Explores traditions and development of Western theatrical dance.

GA.4. Fine Arts: General Music

4.1. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Recognizes the major characteristics of musical forms such as theme and variation, rondo and suite, musical theatre, opera, and string quartet.

4.2. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Identifies soprano, alto, tenor, bass, and cambiata voices.

4.3. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Sings unison and two- and three-part songs with attention to tone quality, pitch accuracy, style, diction, blend, and balance.

4.4. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Uses chording instruments or keyboard to accompany songs.

4.5. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Discriminates between and conducts simple and compound meters: 2's, 3's, 4's, and 6's.

4.6. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Creates individual and group compositions using a variety of sound sources to develop original songs, commercials, and jingles.

4.7. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Creates planned and improvised accompaniments with attention to appropriate uses of timbre, rhythm, and expressive qualities.

4.8. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Follows notation in treble and bass clefs when singing unison or part songs.

4.9. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Recognizes the function of I, IV, and V7 chords.

4.10. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates growth in knowledge of music vocabulary appropriate to the level.

4.11. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Constructs major and minor scales and chords in keys up to three sharps and flats.

4.12. Connections: Integrates many elements of the study of music with other art forms, other curricular areas, and related use of technology.

4.13. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Listens critically and analyzes music in a variety of performance media including musical theatre and orchestral, band, choral, and electronic music.

4.14. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Describes the expressive effect of music in terms of its elements: melody, rhythm, harmony, timbre, tonality, and expressive qualities.

4.15. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Critiques music performed in class and suggests ways of improving the performance.

4.16. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Contrasts performances of the same composition.

4.17. Historical and Cultural Context: Uses print and nonprint media to locate information about music and musicians.

4.18. Historical and Cultural Context: Identifies composers, performers, small ensembles, and large performing groups representing a variety of styles of music.

4.19. Historical and Cultural Context: Relates the role of music to the cultural expression of ethnic groups represented in society.

4.20. Historical and Cultural Context: Identifies music careers and begins to determine qualifications and educational requirements of each.

GA.5. Fine Arts: Guitar/Piano Class

5.1. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates correct positioning and posture for the instrument.

5.2. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates correct fingering techniques and hand and arm motion.

5.3. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Performs class repertoire to expected competency level.

5.4. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates proficiency in sight-reading at the expected competency level.

5.5. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates the ability to perform individually and as a member of an ensemble.

5.6. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates an increasing awareness of intonation and tunes instrument (guitar) with assistance.

5.7. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Performs appropriate scales and arpeggios from memory.

5.8. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Performs melodies with appropriate phrasing and articulation.

5.9. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates knowledge of formal structure of class repertoire.

5.10. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Recognizes from notation the tonality of music performed in the class.

5.11. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Recognizes chordal structure (major and minor) and relates it to key and scale.

5.12. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates knowledge of music vocabulary necessary for study, rehearsal, and performance of music.

5.13. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Uses print and nonprint media to locate information about music and musicians.

5.14. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Improvises a melody from a given range of pitches, rhythms, and chords or chord progressions.

5.15. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Creates, notates and performs an original melody for guitar/piano.

5.16. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Describes how technology is used to transcribe, edit, compose, and perform music on a computer station.

5.17. Historical and Cultural Context: Demonstrates knowledge of composers of class repertoire and the historical/cultural context of works being performed.

5.18. Historical and Cultural Context: Explains the evolution and history of guitar or piano.

5.19. Historical and Cultural Context: Identifies music careers.

GA.6. Fine Arts: Music Appreciation, History, and Literature

6.1. Connections: Demonstrates an aesthetic understanding of music and its relationship to the other arts.

6.2. Connections: Integrates many elements of study and knowledge of music, other art forms, other curriculum areas, and related use of technology.

6.3. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Listens to music or examines scores to describe the elements (rhythm, melody, harmony, form, dynamics, and timbre) of music from developmentally appropriate selections.

6.4. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Listens to and describes musical genres from appropriate examples, such as symphony, oratorio, and musical theatre.

6.5. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Analyzes and makes critical judgments about music.

6.6. Historical and Cultural Context: Demonstrates knowledge of the historical and cultural context of Baroque, classical, and 20th-century music.

6.7. Historical and Cultural Context: Recognizes the various roles of music in society.

6.8. Historical and Cultural Context: Uses print and nonprint media to locate information about music and musicians.

6.9. Historical and Cultural Context: Demonstrates proper audience etiquette.

GA.7. Fine Arts: String Orchestra

7.1. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates correct playing position and posture for chosen instrument.

7.2. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates correct pizzicato, bowing, and left hand techniques appropriate to chosen instrument and developmental level.

7.3. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Participates effectively as a member of performing ensembles.

7.4. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Performs selected music repertoire at the expected competency level.

7.5. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Reads music to the expected competency level of the class.

7.6. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates ability to perform individually, in small groups, and as a member of the total ensemble.

7.7. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Tunes instrument accurately with assistance and demonstrates an increasing awareness of good intonation.

7.8. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Performs with characteristic tone quality at the expected competency level.

7.9. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates knowledge of vibrato.

7.10. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates knowledge of phrase and melody through performance.

7.11. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Recognizes key signatures of selected repertoire and performs appropriate scales and arpeggios.

7.12. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Recognizes harmonic structure and demonstrates an awareness of its role in performance.

7.13. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Identifies the timbre of orchestral stringed instruments.

7.14. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates knowledge of music vocabulary necessary for study, rehearsal, and performance of music.

7.15. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Uses print and nonprint media to access music information.

7.16. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Performs interpretations and/or improvisations of music repertoire.

7.17. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Creates, notates, and performs a simple melody for his or her instrument.

7.18. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Demonstrates appropriate understanding of form in selected music repertoire.

7.19. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Critiques music performed by the ensemble and suggests ways to improve.

7.20. Historical and Cultural Context: Demonstrates knowledge of composers of selected music repertoire and the historical/cultural context of works being performed.

7.21. Historical and Cultural Context: Describes the evolution and history of orchestral string instruments.

7.22. Historical and Cultural Context: Recognizes contributions by composers and/or performers of various cultural and ethnic backgrounds.

7.23. Historical and Cultural Context: Performs music from various historical periods with correct style.

GA.8. Fine Arts: Theatre Arts

8.1. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Develops and evaluates a working definition of 'theatre arts' as it applies to presentational and representational theatre.

8.2. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Develops and applies artistic and social discipline, honors personal commitments, and contributes to group efforts in presentational and representational theater activities.

8.3. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Develops and analyzes observation techniques for presentational and representational activities.

8.4. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Expresses thoughts, feelings, and character to communicate mental images into dramatic action.

8.5. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Identifies and demonstrates understanding of areas of stage, basic stage movement, script notation, and accepted blocking practices.

8.6. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Identifies, applies, and assesses movement techniques appropriate to presentational and representational drama activities.

8.7. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Identifies and discusses vocal elements such as diction, rate, pitch, volume, breath support, relaxation, quality, and coloration.

8.8. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Develops and applies vocal elements and techniques appropriate to presentational and representational theatre.

8.9. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Expresses meaning of character through language, thought, and feeling.

8.10. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Explores, discusses, and enacts the physical, emotional, and social dimensions of characters in representational and presentational theatre.

8.11. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Uses and applies improvisation techniques appropriate to presentational and representational theatre activities.

8.12. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Writes, performs, and analyzes scenes and short plays integrating content and form.

8.13. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Recognizes, applies, and synthesizes dramatic elements (plot, theme, character motivation, language, spectacle, conflict resolution, and music).

8.14. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Understands, analyzes, and participates in the role and function of the playwright.

8.15. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Adapts appropriate literature into scripts using published material including plays, poems, narratives, diaries, folk tales, fables, stories, books, monologues, and broadcast and print media.

8.16. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Identifies and analyzes the directing process in presentational and representational theatre activities.

8.17. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Assumes the role and responsibilities of the director.

8.18. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Recognizes and assesses the role and contributions of technician/ designer in representational and presentational theatre activities.

8.19. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Designs and creates scenery, props, costumes, lighting, sound, music, and makeup for presentational and representational theater activities.

8.20. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Identifies the costume, fashion, and makeup customs of past and present cultures and time periods.

8.21. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Recognizes roles and responsibilities of the producer/technician in presentational and representational theatre activities.

8.22. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Identifies well-known Georgians who have made valuable contributions to drama/theatre.

8.23. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Develops research skills and familiarization with available resources to gain information to support presentational and representational theatre activities.

8.24. Connections: Explores the relationships among theatre and other arts and dramatic media.

8.25. Connections: Analyzes and explains common themes, content, and structure among theatre and other disciplines.

8.26. Connections: Integrates elements of other disciplines to create presentational theatre activities.

8.27. Connections: Integrates and uses existing available technology to enhance all aspects of theatre arts.

8.28. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Identifies and evaluates the elements of dramatic literature used as a basis for presentational and representational theatre.

8.29. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Evaluates dramatic presentations as participant and audience member.

8.30. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Identifies universal themes in presentational and representational theatre.

8.31. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Understands and analyzes the role and responsibility of the audience as an integral part of theatrical presentation.

8.32. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Demonstrates awareness of and uses school, community and professional resources for theatre experiences.

8.33. Historical and Cultural Context: Discovers common experiences and ideas in stories and folklore as a basis for developing representational and presentational activities.

8.34. Historical and Cultural Context: Compares and contrasts historic theatre forms to present-day entertainments.

8.35. Historical and Cultural Context: Identifies the influences of other cultures in American theatre roots and conventions.

8.36. Historical and Cultural Context: Identifies and describes recurring cultural motifs and social themes in stories and folklore from various cultures. Uses these themes as a basis for presentational and representational theatre activities.

8.37. Historical and Cultural Context: Compares and discusses how theatre functions as a part of daily experience in specified cultures and historic periods.

8.38. Historical and Cultural Context: Uses available research and resources to plan for and support representational theatre activities.

GA.9. Fine Arts: Visual Arts

9.1. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Selects subject matter, including symbols and ideas, to communicate a message in an original artwork.

9.2. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Designs and produces artworks such as graphics, jewelry, pottery, weaving, and public art for a specific function.

9.3. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Uses various art materials and techniques.

9.4. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Renders a subject in realistic detail using either linear or atmospheric perspective.

9.5. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Creates a series of artworks that imitate nature (Realism).

9.6. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Plans and creates a series of different illustrations on a single theme using the elements of art and principles of design.

9.7. Artistic Skills and Knowledge: Creating, Performing, Producing: Demonstrates proper care and safe use of art materials and tools.

9.8. Connections: Applies concepts and ideas from another discipline and its topics as sources of ideas for own artworks. (See Introduction: Matrix.)

9.9. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Evaluates artists' use of color relationships (value, intensity, tints and shades, cool and warm colors) to create an intended descriptive and expressive effect in artworks.

9.10. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Interprets how artists and architects have applied linear and atmospheric (aerial) perspective to communicate the illusion of space.

9.11. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Analyzes the interrelationships between the elements of art and principles of design in artworks and in the environment.

9.12. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Differentiates between various media and techniques used to produce two-and three-dimensional artworks.

9.13. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Reads an art review or critique to analyze and evaluate the viewpoint (main idea) of the art critic citing statements within the source.

9.14. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Expands and develops a personal position on aesthetics: What is aesthetics? Why do people create art? Why are certain objects considered art and others are not considered art? How do we justify judgments about what is art? Must art be beautiful? Does art have to be functional? If it is in an art museum, is it art?

9.15. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Judges a utilitarian object on the basis of how well it functions or fits a context.

9.16. Critical Analysis and Aesthetic Understanding: Evaluates, using appropriate criteria, two or more artworks that are different in appearance, but are often judged to be essentially of the same aesthetic worth.

9.17. Historical and Cultural Context: Examines how political, geographic, and social developments of colonial America are reflected in artworks created during this time period.

9.18. Historical and Cultural Context: Uses timelines, graphs, and visuals to trace important historical developments of colonial America using indigenous artworks (including those of Native American cultures and local and regional art and artists.

9.19. Historical and Cultural Context: Explains why artworks from technologically developed societies differ from those of primitive societies.

9.20. Historical and Cultural Context: Writes an historical account of an artist and/or artwork based on several sources (e.g., periodicals, books, Internet, and other telecommunication technology).