Arizona State Standards for Social Studies: Grade 8

AZ.SS08-S1. American History

SS08-S1C1. Research Skills for History: Historical research is a process in which students examine topics or questions related to historical studies and/or current issues. By using primary and secondary sources effectively students obtain accurate and relevant information.

SS08-S1C1-01. Construct charts, graphs, and narratives using historical data. 26
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C1-01.

SS08-S1C1-02. Interpret historical data displayed in graphs, tables, and charts. 24
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C1-02.

SS08-S1C1-03. Construct timelines (e.g., presidents/world leaders, key events, people) of the historical era being studied. 25
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C1-03.

SS08-S1C1-04. Formulate questions that can be answered by historical study and research. 21
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C1-04.

SS08-S1C1-05. Describe the difference between a primary source document and a secondary source document and the relationships between them. 47
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C1-05.

SS08-S1C1-06. Determine the credibility and bias of primary and secondary sources 45
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C1-06.

SS08-S1C1-07. Analyze cause and effect relationships between and among individuals and/or historical events. 43
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C1-07.

SS08-S1C1-08. Analyze two points of view on the same historical event. 31
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C1-08.

SS08-S1C4. Revolution and New Nation 1700s - 1820: The development of American constitutional democracy grew from political, cultural and economic issues, ideas and event.

SS08-S1C4-01. Analyze the following events which led to the American Revolution: a) Tea Act; b) Stamp Act; c) Boston Massacre; d) Intolerable Acts; e) Declaration of Independence. 31
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C4-01.

SS08-S1C4-02. Describe the significance of key events of the Revolutionary War: a) major battles (e.g., Lexington, Saratoga, Trenton); b) aid from France; c) surrender at Yorktown. 15
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C4-02.

SS08-S1C4-03. Describe the impact of the following key individuals on the Revolutionary War: a) Benjamin Franklin; b) Thomas Jefferson; c) George Washington; d) Patrick Henry; e) Thomas Paine; f) King George III. 24
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C4-03.

SS08-S1C4-04. Describe the significance of the following documents: a) Declaration of Independence; b) Articles of Confederation; c) Constitution; d) Bill of Rights. 10
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C4-04.

SS08-S1C4-05. Explain the influence of the following individuals in the establishment of a new government: a) Thomas Jefferson; b) James Madison; c) John Adams; d) Benjamin Franklin. 23
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C4-05.

SS08-S1C4-06. Describe how one nation evolved from thirteen colonies: a) Constitutional Convention; b) George Washington's presidency; c) creation of political parties (e.g., Federalists, Whigs, Democratic-Republicans). 16
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C4-06.

SS08-S1C8. Great Depression and World War II 1929 - 1945: Domestic and world events, economic issues, and political conflicts redefined the role of government in the lives of U.S. citizens.

SS08-S1C8-01. Review the impact of the Great Depression on the United States. 6
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C8-01.

SS08-S1C8-02. Explain how Pearl Harbor led to United States involvement in World War II. 2
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C8-02.

SS08-S1C8-03. Explain the impact of World War II on economic recovery from the Great Depression. 2
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C8-03.

SS08-S1C8-04. Explain how the following factors affected the U.S. home front during World War II: a) war bond drives; b) war industry; c) women and minorities in the work force; d) rationing; e) internment of Japanese-, German-, and Italian -Americans. 46
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C8-04.

SS08-S1C8-05. Describe Arizona's contributions to the war effort: a) Native American Code Talkers; b) Ira Hayes; c) mining; d) training bases; e) POW and internment camps. 13
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C8-05.

SS08-S1C8-06. Summarize the United States' role in the following events: a) D-day invasion; b) battles of the Pacific; c) development and use of the atomic bomb; d) V-E Day /V-J Day. 39
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C8-06.

SS08-S1C8-07. Analyze the following individuals' significance to World War II: a) Franklin D. Roosevelt; b) Dwight Eisenhower; c) George Patton; d) Douglas MacArthur; e) Harry Truman; f) Eleanor Roosevelt. 40
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C8-07.

SS08-S1C9. Postwar United States 1945 - 1970s: Postwar tensions led to social change in the U.S. and to a heightened focus on foreign policy.

SS08-S1C9-01. Describe the following origins of the Cold War: a) Western fear of communist expansion; b) Soviet fear of capitalist influences; c) development of nuclear weapons; e) Truman Doctrine. 7
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C9-01.

SS08-S1C9-02. Describe the impact of the Cold War on the United States: a) McCarthyism; b) arms race; c) space race; d) Cuban Missile Crisis; e) creation of the CIA. 6
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C9-02.

SS08-S1C9-03. Identify the role of the United States in the Korean War: a) Communist containment; b) military involvement; c) resolution of conflict. 9
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C9-03.

SS08-S1C9-04. Identify the role of the United States in the Vietnam Conflict: a) containment of Communism - Domino Theory; b) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; c) Tet Offensive; d) anti-war protests; e) Vietnam Peace Accords. 26
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C9-04.

SS08-S1C9-05. Describe life (e.g., transportation, communication, technology, medical, entertainment, growth of suburbs) in the U.S. during the Post War period. 10
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C9-05.

SS08-S1C9-06. Describe the importance of the following civil rights issues and events: a) Jim Crow Laws; b) nonviolent protests; c) desegregation; d) Civil Rights Act of 1964; e) Voting Rights Act of 1965. 25
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C9-06.

SS08-S1C10. Contemporary United States 1970s - Present: Current events and issues continue to shape our nation and our involvement in the global community.

SS08-S1C10-01. Describe events (e.g., opening of foreign relations with China, Watergate, resignation) of the presidency of Richard Nixon. 5
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C10-01.

SS08-S1C10-02. Describe events (e.g., succession to presidency, pardoning of Nixon) of the presidency of Gerald Ford. 5
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C10-02.

SS08-S1C10-03. Describe events (e.g., Camp David Peace Accords, Iran Hostage Crisis) of the presidency of Jimmy Carter. 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C10-03.

SS08-S1C10-04. Describe events (e.g., Star Wars, Iran-Contra Affair) of the presidency of Ronald Reagan. 3
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C10-04.

SS08-S1C10-05. Describe events (e.g., Persian Gulf War, Berlin Wall falls) of the presidency of George H.W. Bush. 6
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C10-05.

SS08-S1C10-06. Describe events (e.g., economic growth, impeachment) of the presidency of William Clinton. 2
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C10-06.

SS08-S1C10-07. Describe events (e.g., September 11 Terrorist Attacks, Afghanistan, Iraq War) of the presidency of George W. Bush. 10
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C10-07.

SS08-S1C10-08. Describe current events using information from class discussions and various resources (e.g., newspapers, magazines, television, Internet, books, maps). 22
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C10-08.

SS08-S1C10-09. Identify the connection between current and historical events and issues studied at this grade level using information from class discussions and various resources (e.g., newspapers, magazines, television, Internet, books, maps). 20
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C10-09.

SS08-S1C10-10. Describe how key political, social, geographic, and economic events of the late 20th century and early 21st century affected, and continue to affect, the United States. 26
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S1C10-10.

AZ.SS08-S2. World History

SS08-S2C1. Research Skills for History: Historical research is a process in which students examine topics or questions related to historical studies and/or current issues.

SS08-S2C1-01. Construct charts, graphs and narratives using historical data. 36
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C1-01.

SS08-S2C1-02. Interpret historical data displayed in graphs, tables, and charts. 36
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C1-02.

SS08-S2C1-03. Construct timelines (e.g., presidents/world leaders, key events, people) of the historical era being studied. 47
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C1-03.

SS08-S2C1-04. Formulate questions that can be answered by historical study and research. 20
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C1-04.

SS08-S2C1-05. Describe the difference between a primary source document and a secondary source document and the relationships between them. 32
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C1-05.

SS08-S2C1-06. Determine the credibility and bias of primary and secondary sources 31
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C1-06.

SS08-S2C1-07. Analyze cause and effect relationships between and among individuals and/or historical events. 38
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C1-07.

SS08-S2C1-08. Analyze two points of view on the same historical event. 3
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C1-08.

SS08-S2C8. World at War: Global events, economic issues and political ideologies ignited tensions leading to worldwide military conflagrations and diplomatic confrontations in a context of development and change.

SS08-S2C8-01. Review the rise of totalitarianism in Europe following World War I. 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C8-01.

SS08-S2C8-02. Analyze the major causes of World War II: a) aggressive search for resources by Japan; b) political ideologies of Fascism and Nazism; c) resentment toward the Treaty of Versailles. 39
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C8-02.

SS08-S2C8-03. Trace the series of invasions and conquests in the European and Pacific Theaters in World War II. 47
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C8-03.

SS08-S2C8-04. Describe the following events leading to the Allied victory: a) D-Day Invasion; b) Battle of the Bulge; c) Japanese defeat in Iwo Jima and Okinawa; d) atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 2
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C8-04.

SS08-S2C8-05. Describe how racism and intolerance contributed to the Holocaust. 13
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C8-05.

SS08-S2C8-06. Summarize each of the following outcomes of World War II: a) redrawing of political boundaries in Europe; b) tensions leading to Cold War; c) formation of the United Nations; d) beginning of atomic age; e) rebuilding of Japan. 24
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C8-06.

SS08-S2C8-07. Compare the rebuilding of Japan with the rebuilding of Germany following World War II. 11
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C8-07.

SS08-S2C8-08. Describe the following events resulting from World War II: a) Nuremburg Trial; b) Marshall Plan; c) NATO /Warsaw Pact; d) creation of United Nations; e) creation of Israel. 46
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C8-08.

SS08-S2C8-09. Describe the spread of Communism after World War II: a) China - Mao Tse-tung and Chinese Revolution; b) Korea - 38th parallel and division of country; c) Cuba - Fidel Castro and Cuban Missile Crisis; d) Vietnam - Ho Chi Minh. 23
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C8-09.

SS08-S2C8-10. Describe the impact of the Cold War (i.e., creation of the Iron Curtain, arms race, space race) that led to global competition. 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C8-10.

SS08-S2C8-11. Describe the following events of the Korean War: a) Chinese involvement; b) U.N. police actions; c) containment of Communism; d) partition of Korea at the 38th Parallel. 8
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C8-11.

SS08-S2C8-12. Describe how the following impacted the Vietnam War: a) historical relationship of China and Vietnam; b) French Indochina War; c) containment of Communism; d) Ho Chi Minh Trail; e) conflict resolution. 31
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C8-12.

SS08-S2C8-13. Examine the fall of Communism and the unification of European nations: a) Germany - reunification, Berlin Wall torn down; b) Russia - Gorbachev, Glasnost and Perestroika; c) Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - countries regained independence; d) European Union formed. 16
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C8-13.

SS08-S2C8-14. Describe the following events in the Middle East during the 20th and 21st centuries: a) creation of Israel; b) conflicts between Israeli and Palestinian governments; c) Camp David Peace Treaty; d) Persian Gulf War; e) Iraq War. 23
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C8-14.

SS08-S2C8-15. Compare independence movements in various parts of the world (e.g., India/Pakistan, Latin America, Africa, Asia) during the 20th century. 12
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C8-15.

SS08-S2C8-16. Examine human rights issues during the 20th century (e.g., Apartheid, genocide, famine, disease). 8
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C8-16.

SS08-S2C9. Contemporary World: The nations of the contemporary world are shaped by their cultural and political past. Current events, developments and issues continue to shape the global community.

SS08-S2C9-01. Describe current events using information from class discussions and various resources (e.g., newspapers, magazines, television, Internet, books, maps). 18
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C9-01.

SS08-S2C9-02. Identify the connection between current and historical events and issues studied at this grade level using information from class discussions and various resources (e.g., newspapers, magazines, television, Internet, books, maps). 49
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C9-02.

SS08-S2C9-03. Analyze how world events of the late 20th century and early 21st century affected, and continue to affect, the social, political, geographic, and economic climate of the world (e.g., terrorism, globalization, conflicts, interdependence, natural disasters, advancements in science and technology and environmental issues). 29
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S2C9-03.

AZ.SS08-S3. Civics/Government

SS08-S3C1. Foundations of Government: The United States democracy is based on principles and ideals that are embodied by symbols, people and documents.

SS08-S3C1-01. Describe how the following philosophies and documents influenced the creation of the Constitution: a) Magna Carta; b) English Bill of Rights; c) Montesquieu's separation of power; d) John Locke's theories - natural law, social contract; e) Mayflower Compact; f) Declaration of Independence; g) Articles of Confederation. 14
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C1-01.

SS08-S3C1-02. Analyze the purpose (e.g., weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation) and outcome (e.g., compromises) of the Constitutional Convention. 11
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C1-02.

SS08-S3C1-03. Analyze the struggle (e.g., Federalists' Papers, Bill of Rights) between the federalists and the anti-federalists over the ratification of the Constitution. 11
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C1-03.

SS08-S3C2. Structure of Government: The United States structure of government is characterized by the separation and balance of powers.

SS08-S3C2-01. Describe the following principles on which the Constitution (as the Supreme Law of the Land) was founded: a) federalism (i.e., enumerated, reserved, and concurrent powers); b) popular sovereignty; c) Separation of Powers; d) checks and balances; e) limited government; f) flexibility (i.e., Elastic Clause, amendment process). 69
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C2-01.

SS08-S3C2-02. Differentiate the roles and powers of the three branches of the federal government. 58
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C2-02.

SS08-S3C2-03. Explain the electoral process (e.g., primary and general elections, electoral college). 18
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C2-03.

SS08-S3C2-04. Explain how a candidate can be elected president (e.g., Adams-Jackson, Hayes-Tilden, Bush-Gore) without receiving a majority of popular vote. 17
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C2-04.

SS08-S3C2-05. Describe the line of succession to the presidency as stated in the 25th Amendment. 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C2-05.

SS08-S3C3. Functions of Government: Laws and policies are developed to govern, protect, and promote the well-being of the people.

SS08-S3C3-01. Compare the ways the federal and Arizona governments operate: a) three branches; b) Constitution; c) election process (e.g., congressional and legislative districts, propositions, voter registration). 64
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C3-01.

SS08-S3C3-02. Compare the process of how a bill becomes a law at the federal and state level. 60
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C3-02.

SS08-S3C3-03. Describe the following forms of direct democracy in Arizona: a) initiative; b) referendum; c) recall process. 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C3-03.

SS08-S3C3-04. Compare the roles and relationships of different levels of government (e.g., federal, state, county, city/town, tribal). 62
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C3-04.

SS08-S3C3-05. Describe the significance of the Amendments to the Constitution. 13
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C3-05.

SS08-S3C3-06. Compare the adult and juvenile criminal justice systems. 26
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C3-06.

SS08-S3C3-07. Summarize the significance of the following Supreme Court cases: a) Marbury v. Madison; b) Plessy v. Ferguson; c) Brown v. Board of Education; d) Gideon v. Wainright; e) Miranda v. Arizona; f) Korematsu v. United States. 10
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C3-07.

SS08-S3C3-08. Describe the impact of the following executive orders and decisions: a) Executive Order 9066 - creation of internment camps on U.S. soil; b) Manhattan Project; c) use of Atomic Bomb. 7
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C3-08.

SS08-S3C3-09. Describe the impact that the following Acts had on increasing the rights of groups and individuals: a) Civil Rights Act of 1964; b) Voting Rights Act of 1965; c) Indian Rights Act of 1968; d) Americans with Disabilities Act. 21
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C3-09.

SS08-S3C4. Rights, Responsibilities, and Roles of Citizenship: The rights, responsibilities and practices of United States citizenship are founded in the Constitution and the nation's history.

SS08-S3C4-01. Describe the benefits of community service. 2
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C4-01.

SS08-S3C4-02. Discuss the character traits (e.g., respect, responsibility, fairness, involvement) that are important to the preservation and improvement of constitutional democracy in the United States 13
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C4-02.

SS08-S3C4-03. Describe the importance of citizens being actively involved in the democratic process (i.e., voting, student government, involvement in political decision making, analyzing issues, petitioning public officials). 40
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C4-03.

SS08-S3C4-04. Explain the obligations and responsibilities of citizenship: a) upholding the Constitution; b) obeying the law; c) paying taxes; d) registering for selective service; e) jury duty. 26
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C4-04.

SS08-S3C4-05. Describe the impact that the following had on rights for individuals and groups: a) Jim Crow Laws - literacy test, poll taxes, Grandfather Clause; b) Civil Rights Movement (i.e., Martin Luther King, Jr., Rosa Parks); c) desegregation - military, schools, transportation, sports; d) United Farm Workers (i.e., Cesar Chavez); e) National Organization for Women (NOW) - Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). 20
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C4-05.

SS08-S3C5. Government Systems of the World: Different governmental systems exist throughout the world. The United States influences and is influenced by global interactions.

SS08-S3C5-01. Compare the different world governments and ideologies: a) dictatorship; b) totalitarian (fascist, Nazis); c) democracy; d) Socialism; e) Communism. 48
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C5-01.

SS08-S3C5-02. Explain U.S. and world foreign policies leading to the Cold War: a) Truman Doctrine; b) NATO; c) Warsaw Pact; d) Marshall Plan. 9
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C5-02.

SS08-S3C5-03. Identify U.S. and world foreign policies (e.g., economic sanctions, arms reduction agreements) resulting from the Cold War. 10
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S3C5-03.

AZ.SS08-S4. Geography

SS08-S4C1. The World in Spatial Terms: The spatial perspective and associated geographic tools are used to organize and interpret information about people, places and environments.

SS08-S4C1-01. Construct maps, charts, and graphs to display geographic information. 40
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C1-01.

SS08-S4C1-02. Identify purposes and differences of maps, globes, aerial photographs, charts, and satellite images. 32
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C1-02.

SS08-S4C1-03. Interpret maps, charts, and geographic databases using geographic information. 30
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C1-03.

SS08-S4C1-04. Locate physical and cultural features (e.g., continents, cities, countries, bodies of water, landforms, mountain ranges, climate zones) throughout the world. 14
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C1-04.

SS08-S4C1-05. Interpret thematic maps, graphs, charts, and databases depicting various aspects of the United States and world regions. (Apply to regions studied.) 40
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C1-05.

SS08-S4C2. Places and Regions: Places and regions have distinct physical and cultural characteristics.

SS08-S4C2-01. Identify common characteristics of contemporary and historical regions on the basis of climate, landforms, ecosystems, and culture. 24
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C2-01.

SS08-S4C2-02. Explain the factors that contribute to political and social change in various world regions (e.g., USSR/Russia, Israel, European Union, China, Korea, Germany). 29
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C2-02.

SS08-S4C2-03. Examine relationships and interactions (e.g., Middle East Conflicts, NATO, European Union) among regions. 19
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C2-03.

SS08-S4C2-04. Identify how the role of the media, images, and advertising influences the perception of a place. 16
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C2-04.

SS08-S4C2-05. Describe how a place changes over time. 24
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C2-05.

SS08-S4C3. Physical Systems: Physical processes shape the Earth and interact with plant and animal life to create, sustain, and modify ecosystems. These processes affect the distribution of resources and economic development.

SS08-S4C3-01. Analyze risk factors of and possible solutions to chemical and biological hazards. 85
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C3-01.

SS08-S4C4. Human Systems: Human cultures, their nature, and distribution affect societies and the Earth.

SS08-S4C4-01. Identify the push and pull factors (e.g., economic conditions, human rights conditions, famines, political strife/wars, natural disasters, changes in technology) that drive human migrations. 41
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C4-01.

SS08-S4C4-02. Describe the effects (e.g., economic, environmental, cultural, political) of human migrations on places and regions. 41
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C4-02.

SS08-S4C4-03. Describe the characteristics and locations of various cultures throughout the world. 10
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C4-03.

SS08-S4C4-04. Identify the factors (e.g., breakup of USSR, unification of Germany, cheap labor forces, outsourcing of services, oil industry) that influence the location, distribution and interrelationships of economic activities in different regions. 29
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C4-04.

SS08-S4C4-05. Explain how cooperation contributes to political, economic, and social organization (e.g., United Nations, European Union, NAFTA). 44
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C4-05.

SS08-S4C4-06. Describe the aspects of culture (e.g., literacy, occupations, clothing, property rights) related to beliefs and understandings that influence the economic, social, and political activities of men and women. 7
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C4-06.

SS08-S4C4-07. Describe how changes in technology, transportation, communication, and resources affect economic development. 47
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C4-07.

SS08-S4C5. Environment and Society: Human and environmental interactions are interdependent upon one another. Humans interact with the environment- they depend upon it, they modify it; and they adapt to it. The health and well-being of all humans depends upon an understanding of the interconnections and interdependence of human and physical systems.

SS08-S4C5-01. Describe how (e.g., deforestation, desertification) humans modify ecosystems. 77
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C5-01.

SS08-S4C5-02. Describe why (e.g., resources, economic livelihood) humans modify ecosystems. 105
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C5-02.

SS08-S4C5-03. Explain how changes in the natural environment can increase or diminish its capacity to support human activities. 75
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C5-03.

SS08-S4C5-04. Explain how technology positively and negatively affects the environment. 102
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C5-04.

SS08-S4C5-05. Analyze changing ideas and viewpoints on the best use of natural resources (e.g., value of oil, water use, forest management). 67
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C5-05.

SS08-S4C5-06. Explain how societies and governments plan for and respond to natural disasters (e.g., evacuation routes, changing farming techniques, warning systems). 11
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C5-06.

SS08-S4C6. Geographic Applications: Geographic thinking (asking and answering geographic questions) is used to understand spatial patterns of the past, the present, and to plan for the future.

SS08-S4C6-01. Describe ways geographic features and conditions influence history. (Connect to time periods studied as well as current events.) 16
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C6-01.

SS08-S4C6-02. Describe ways different groups of people (i.e., Native Americans, Hispanics, retirees) create and shape the same environment. 8
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C6-02.

SS08-S4C6-03. Use geographic knowledge and skills (e.g., recognizing patterns, mapping, graphing) when discussing current events. 29
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S4C6-03.

AZ.SS08-S5. Economics

SS08-S5C1. Foundations of Economics: The foundations of economics are the application of basic economic concepts and decision-making skills. This includes scarcity and the different methods of allocation of goods and services.

SS08-S5C1-01. Explain how limited resources and unlimited human wants cause people to choose some things and give up others. 6
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C1-01.

SS08-S5C1-02. Analyze how scarcity, opportunity costs, and trade-offs, influence decision-making. 8
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C1-02.

SS08-S5C1-03. Analyze how individuals, governments and businesses make choices based on the availability of resources. 5
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C1-03.

SS08-S5C1-04. Apply Adam Smith's ideas of a market economy to: a) property rights; b) freedom of enterprise; c) competition; d) consumer choice; e) limited role of government. 5
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C1-04.

SS08-S5C1-05. Describe the impact of the availability and distribution of natural resources on an economy. 85
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C1-05.

SS08-S5C2. Microeconomics: Microeconomics examines the costs and benefits of economic choices relating to individuals, markets and industries, and governmental policies.

SS08-S5C2-01. Identify the functions and relationships among various institutions (e.g., business firms, banks, government agencies, labor unions, corporations) that make up an economic system. 49
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C2-01.

SS08-S5C2-02. Explain the impact of government investment in human capital: a) health (e.g., immunizations); b) education (e.g., college grants, loans); c) training of people (e.g., Job Corps). 29
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C2-02.

SS08-S5C2-03. Explain the impact of government investment in physical capital (e.g., NASA, transportation). 36
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C2-03.

SS08-S5C2-04. Describe how income for most people is determined by the value of the goods and services they sell. 2
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C2-04.

SS08-S5C2-05. Describe the impact of entrepreneurs (e.g., Bill Gates, Martha Stewart, Oprah Winfrey, Ted Turner Donald Trump) in the free enterprise system. 26
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C2-05.

SS08-S5C2-06. Analyze how investment in physical capital (e.g., factories, medical advancements, new technologies) leads to economic growth. 18
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C2-06.

SS08-S5C2-07. Describe how competition (e.g., Microsoft/Apple, Wal-Mart/Target) affects supply and demand from the vantage point of the consumer and producer. 30
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C2-07.

SS08-S5C2-08. Describe how market prices provide incentives to buyers and sellers. 13
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C2-08.

SS08-S5C2-09. Describe how protection of private property rights provides incentives to conserve and improve property (e.g., resale market). 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C2-09.

SS08-S5C3. Macroeconomics: Macroeconomics examines the costs and benefits of economic choices made at a societal level and how those choices affect overall economic well being.

SS08-S5C3-01. Identify the organization and functions of the Federal Reserve System. 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C3-01.

SS08-S5C3-02. Identify the effects of inflation on society. 1
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C3-02.

SS08-S5C3-03. Analyze the government's role in economic recovery. 16
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C3-03.

SS08-S5C4. Global Economics: Patterns of global interaction and economic development vary due to different economic systems and institutions that exist throughout the world.

SS08-S5C4-01. Compare how private property rights differ in market (capitalism) economies versus command (communist) economies. 2
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C4-01.

SS08-S5C4-02. Identify the effects of trade restrictions between national and world regions. 18
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C4-02.

SS08-S5C4-03. Describe the role of the United States government in influencing international commerce in regions studied. 15
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C4-03.

SS08-S5C4-04. Identify interdependence (e.g., North American Free Trade Agreement, European Union, International Monetary Fund/World Bank) between nations. 22
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C4-04.

SS08-S5C5. Personal Finance: Decision-making skills foster a person's individual standard of living. Using information wisely leads to better informed decisions as consumers, workers, investors and effective participants in society.

SS08-S5C5-01. Explain how scarcity influences personal financial choices (e.g., budgeting, saving, investing, credit). 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C5-01.

SS08-S5C5-02. Describe types of personal investments (e.g., saving accounts, stocks, mutual funds, bonds, retirement funds, land). 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C5-02.

SS08-S5C5-03. Describe the role of the stock market in personal investing. 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C5-03.

SS08-S5C5-04. Describe various forms of credit. (e.g., personal loans, credit cards, lines of credit, mortgages, auto loans). 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C5-04.

SS08-S5C5-05. Analyze the, advantages, disadvantages, and alternatives to consumer credit. 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C5-05.

SS08-S5C5-06. Analyze the costs and benefits of producing a personal budget. 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C5-06.

SS08-S5C5-07. Create a personal budget to include fixed and variable expenses. 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C5-07.

SS08-S5C5-08. Identify the benefits of future financial planning. 4
Suggested Titles for Arizona Social Studies State Standard SS08-S5C5-08.