Arizona State Standards for Language Arts: Grade 10

AZ.R10-S1 Reading Process

R10-S1C1. Print Concepts: Demonstrate understanding of print concepts.

R10-S1C2. Phonemic Awareness: Identify and manipulate the sounds of speech.

R10-S1C3. Phonics: Decode words, using knowledge of phonics, syllabication, and word parts.

R10-S1C4. Vocabulary: Acquire and use new vocabulary in relevant contexts.

R10-S1C4-01. Determine the meaning of vocabulary, using linguistic roots and affixes (e.g., Latin, Greek, Anglo-Saxon).

R10-S1C4-02. Infer word meanings from context (e.g., definition, example, restatement, comparison/contrast, cause/effect).

R10-S1C4-03. Determine how the meaning of the text is affected by the writer's word choice (e.g., literal vs. figurative language, idioms, adages).

R10-S1C4-04. Identify the meaning of metaphors based on common literary allusions.

R10-S1C4-05. Determine the meanings, pronunciations, contextually appropriate synonyms and antonyms, replacement words and phrases, etymologies, and correct spellings of words by using resources such as general and specialized dictionaries, thesauri, glossaries, and C

R10-S1C5. Fluency: Read fluently.

R10-S1C5-01. Read from a variety of genres with accuracy, automaticity (immediate recognition), and prosody (expression).

R10-S1C6. Comprehension Strategies: Employ strategies to comprehend text.

R10-S1C6-01. Predict text content using prior knowledge and text features (e.g., illustrations, titles, topic sentences, key words).

R10-S1C6-02. Generate clarifying questions in order to comprehend text.

R10-S1C6-03. Use graphic organizers in order to clarify the meaning of the text.

R10-S1C6-04. Connect information and events in text to experience and to related text and sources.

R10-S1C6-05. Apply knowledge of organizational structures (e.g., chronological order, sequence-time order, cause and effect relationships, logical order, by classification, problem-solution) of text to aid comprehension.

AZ.R10-S2. Comprehending Literary Text

R10-S2C1. Elements of Literature: Identify, analyze, and apply knowledge of the structures and elements of literature.

R10-S2C1-01. Analyze the author's use of literary elements:

R10-S2C1-01-a. Theme (moral, lesson, meaning, message, view or comment on life),

R10-S2C1-01-b. Point of view (e.g., first vs. third, limited vs. omniscient),

R10-S2C1-01-c. Characterization (qualities, motives, actions, thoughts, dialogue, development, interactions),

R10-S2C1-01-d. Setting (time of day or year, historical period, place, situation), and

R10-S2C1-01-e. Plot (exposition, major and minor conflicts, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution).

R10-S2C1-02. Analyze the author's use of figurative language, including simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, symbolism, allusion, and imagery in a literary selection.

R10-S2C1-03. Compare (and contrast) the illustration of the same theme in two different literary genres, using their structural features as the basis for the comparison (e.g., novel and play, poem, short story).

R10-S2C1-04. Identify how an author's choice of words and imagery sets the tone and advances the work's theme.

R10-S2C2. Historical and Cultural Aspects of Literature: Recognize and apply knowledge of the historical and cultural aspects of American, British, and world literature.

R10-S2C2-01. Describe the historical and cultural aspects found in cross-cultural works of literature.

R10-S2C2-02. Compare (and contrast) classic works of literature that deal with similar topics and problems (e.g., individual and society, meaning of friendship, freedom, responsibility).

R10-S2C2-03. Recognize ways that forms of literature (including poetry, novel and/or short story) present similar themes differently across genres.

AZ.R10-S3. Comprehending Informational Text

R10-S3C1. Expository Text: Identify, analyze, and apply knowledge of the purpose, structures, and elements of expository text.

R10-S3C1-01. Compare (and contrast) original text to a summary for accuracy of the main ideas, inclusion of critical details, and the extent to which it conveys the underlying meaning of the original text.

R10-S3C1-02. Distinguish supported inferences from unsupported inferences in expository selections such as editorials, newspaper articles, essays, reviews, and critiques.

R10-S3C1-03. Locate specific information by using organizational features (e.g., table of contents, headings, captions, bold print, italics, glossaries, indices, key/guide words, topic sentences, concluding sentences, end notes, footnotes, bibliographic references) in

R10-S3C1-04. Organize information from both primary and secondary sources by taking notes, outlining ideas, paraphrasing information; and by making charts, conceptual maps, learning logs and/or timelines for a research document or other assigned tasks. (Connected to R

R10-S3C1-05. Interpret graphic sources of information (e.g., charts, maps, diagrams, illustrations, tables, timelines, graphs) to support ideas. (Connected to Research Strand in Writing)

R10-S3C1-06. Use knowledge of modes of expository writing (e.g., chronological order, comparison and contrast, cause and effect relationships, logical order, classification schemes, sequence-time order, problem-solution, analogy, definition, narrative) to interpret te

R10-S3C1-07. Make relevant inferences by synthesizing concepts and ideas from a single reading selection.

R10-S3C1-08. Support conclusions drawn from ideas and concepts in expository text.

R10-S3C2. Functional Text: Identify, analyze, and apply knowledge of the purpose, structures, clarity, and relevancy of functional text.

R10-S3C2-01. Synthesize information from multiple sources (e.g., texts, maps, illustrations, workplace documents, schematic diagrams) to solve a problem.

R10-S3C2-02. Synthesize information from multiple sources (e.g., texts, maps, illustrations, workplace documents, schematic diagrams) to draw conclusions.

R10-S3C2-03. Analyze the effectiveness of functional text (e.g., warranties, product information, technical manuals, consumer publications, workplace documents) to achieve its stated purpose(s).

R10-S3C3. Persuasive Text: Explain basic elements of argument in text and their relationship to the author's purpose and use of persuasive strategies.

R10-S3C3-01. Describe the central argument and its elements (e.g., argument by cause and effect, analogy, authority, emotion, logic) in persuasive text.

R10-S3C3-02. Describe how persuasive techniques (e.g., repetition, sentence variety, understatement, overstatement) contribute to the power of persuasive text.

R10-S3C3-03. Identify unsupported inferences or fallacious reasoning (e.g., circular reasoning, false causality, over-generalization, over-simplification, self-contradiction) in the arguments advanced in persuasive text.

AZ.W10-S1. Writing Process

W10-S1C1. Prewriting: Prewriting includes using strategies to generate, plan, and organize ideas for specific purposes.

W10-S1C1-01. Generate ideas through a variety of activities (e.g., brainstorming, notes and logs, graphic organizers, record of writing ideas and discussion, printed material or other sources).

W10-S1C1-02. Determine the purpose (e.g., to entertain, to inform, to communicate, to persuade, to explain) of an intended writing piece.

W10-S1C1-03. Determine the intended audience of a writing piece.

W10-S1C1-04. Establish a controlling idea appropriate to the type of writing.

W10-S1C1-05. Use organizational strategies (e.g., outline, chart, table, graph, Venn Diagram, web, story map, plot pyramid) to plan writing.

W10-S1C1-06. Maintain a record (e.g., lists, journals, folders, notebooks) of writing ideas.

W10-S1C1-07. Use time management strategies, when appropriate, to produce a writing product within a set time period.

W10-S1C2. Drafting: Drafting incorporates prewriting activities to create a first draft containing necessary elements for a specific purpose.

W10-S1C2-01. Use a prewriting plan to develop the main idea(s) with supporting details.

W10-S1C2-02. Sequence ideas into a cohesive, meaningful order.

W10-S1C3. Revising: Revising includes evaluating and refining the rough draft for clarity and effectiveness. (Ask: Does this draft say what you want it to say?)

W10-S1C3-01. Evaluate the draft for use of ideas and content, organization, voice, word choice, and sentence fluency.

W10-S1C3-02. Add details to the draft to more effectively accomplish the purpose.

W10-S1C3-03. Delete irrelevant and/or redundant information from the draft to more effectively accomplish the purpose.

W10-S1C3-04. Rearrange words, sentences, and paragraphs in the draft in order to clarify the meaning or to enhance the writing style.

W10-S1C3-05. Add transitional words and phrases to the draft in order to clarify meaning or enhance the writing style.

W10-S1C3-06. Use a variety of sentence structures (i.e., simple, compound, complex) to improve sentence fluency in the draft.

W10-S1C3-07. Apply appropriate tools or strategies (e.g., peer review, checklists, rubrics) to refine the draft.

W10-S1C3-08. Use resources and reference materials (e.g., thesaurus, dictionary) to select more effective and precise language.

W10-S1C4. Editing: Editing includes proofreading and correcting the draft for conventions.

W10-S1C4-01. Identify punctuation, spelling, and grammar and usage errors in the draft.

W10-S1C4-02. Use resources (e.g., dictionary, word lists, spelling/grammar checkers) to correct conventions.

W10-S1C4-03. Apply proofreading marks to indicate errors in conventions.

W10-S1C4-04. Apply appropriate tools or strategies (e.g., peer review, checklists, rubrics) to edit the draft.

W10-S1C5. Publishing: Publishing involves formatting and presenting a final product for the intended audience.

W10-S1C5-01. Prepare writing that follows a format appropriate for the purpose (e.g., for display, sharing with others, submitting to a publication).

W10-S1C5-02. Include such techniques as principles of design (e.g., margins, tabs, spacing, columns) and graphics (e.g., drawings, charts, graphs), when applicable, to enhance the final product.

W10-S1C5-03. Write legibly.

AZ.W10-S2. Writing Components

W10-S2C1. Ideas and Content: Writing is clear and focused, holding the reader's attention throughout. Main ideas stand out and are developed by strong support and rich details. Purpose is accomplished.

W10-S2C1-01. Maintain a clear, narrow focus to support the topic.

W10-S2C1-02. Write with an identifiable purpose and for a specific audience.

W10-S2C1-03. Provide sufficient, relevant, and carefully selected details for support.

W10-S2C1-04. Demonstrate a thorough, balanced explanation of the topic.

W10-S2C1-05. Include ideas and details that show original perspective and insights.

W10-S2C2. Organization: Organization addresses the structure of the writing and integrates the central meaning and patterns that hold the piece together.

W10-S2C2-01. Use a structure that fits the type of writing (e.g., letter format, narrative, play, essay).

W10-S2C2-02. Include a strong beginning or introduction that draws in the reader.

W10-S2C2-03. Place details appropriately to support the main idea.

W10-S2C2-04. Use effective transitions among all elements (sentences, paragraphs, and ideas).

W10-S2C2-05. Employ a variety of paragraphing strategies (e.g., topical, chronological, spatial) appropriate to application and purpose.

W10-S2C2-06. Create an ending that provides a sense of resolution or closure.

W10-S2C3. Voice: Voice will vary according to the type of piece, but should be appropriately formal or casual, distant or personal, depending on the audience and purpose.

W10-S2C3-01. Show awareness of the audience through word choice, style, and an appropriate connection with, or distance from, the audience.

W10-S2C3-02. Convey a sense of identity through originality, sincerity, liveliness, or humor appropriate to topic and type of writing.

W10-S2C3-03. Choose appropriate voice (e.g., formal, informal, academic discourse) for the application.

W10-S2C3-04. Use engaging and expressive language that shows a commitment to the topic.

W10-S2C3-05. Use language appropriate to purpose, topic, and audience.

W10-S2C4. Word Choice: Word choice reflects the writer's use of specific words and phrases to convey the intended message and employs a variety of words that are functional and appropriate to the audience and purpose.

W10-S2C4-01. Use accurate, specific, powerful words and phrases that effectively convey the intended message.

W10-S2C4-02. Use vocabulary that is original, varied, and natural.

W10-S2C4-03. Use words that evoke clear images.

W10-S2C4-04. Use literal and figurative language intentionally when appropriate.

W10-S2C4-05. Use cliches only when appropriate to purpose.

W10-S2C5. Sentence Fluency: Fluency addresses the rhythm and flow of language. Sentences are strong and varied in structure and length.

W10-S2C5-01. Use a variety of sentence structures (simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex) and lengths to reinforce relationships among ideas and to enhance the flow of the writing.

W10-S2C5-02. Show extensive variation in sentence beginnings, lengths, and patterns to enhance the flow of the writing.

W10-S2C5-03. Demonstrate a flow that is natural and powerful when read aloud.

W10-S2C6. Conventions: Conventions addresses the mechanics of writing, including capitalization, punctuation, spelling, grammar and usage, and paragraph breaks.

W10-S2C6-01. Use capitals correctly for:

W10-S2C6-01-a. Proper nouns: holidays; place/regional names; languages; historical events; organizations; academic courses (e.g., algebra/Algebra I); product names

W10-S2C6-01-b. Words used as names (e.g., Grandpa, Aunt Lyn)

W10-S2C6-01-c. Literary titles (book, story, poem, play, song)

W10-S2C6-01-d. Titles

W10-S2C6-01-e. Abbreviations

W10-S2C6-01-f. Proper adjectives (e.g., German shepherd, Chinese restaurant)

W10-S2C6-02. Use commas to correctly punctuate:

W10-S2C6-02-a. Items in a series

W10-S2C6-02-b. Greetings and closings of letters

W10-S2C6-02-c. Introductory words, phrases and clauses

W10-S2C6-02-d. Direct address

W10-S2C6-02-e. Interruptors

W10-S2C6-02-f. Compound sentences

W10-S2C6-02-g. Appositives

W10-S2C6-02-h. Dialogue

W10-S2C6-03. Use quotation marks to punctuate:

W10-S2C6-03-a. Dialogue

W10-S2C6-03-b. Titles

W10-S2C6-03-c. Exact words from sources

W10-S2C6-04. Use underlining or italics to correctly identify titles and vessels (e.g., ships, spacecrafts, planes, trains).

W10-S2C6-05. Use colons to punctuate business letter salutations and sentences introducing lists.

W10-S2C6-06. Use semicolons to punctuate compound and compound-complex sentences when appropriate.

W10-S2C6-07. Use apostrophes to punctuate:

W10-S2C6-07-a. Contractions

W10-S2C6-07-b. Singular possessives

W10-S2C6-07-c. Plural possessives

W10-S2C6-08. Use hyphens, dashes, parentheses, ellipses, and brackets correctly.

W10-S2C6-09. Spell words correctly.

W10-S2C6-10. Use paragraph breaks to reinforce the organizational structure, including dialogue.

W10-S2C6-11. Demonstrate control of grammar and usage in writing:

W10-S2C6-11-a. Parts of speech

W10-S2C6-11-b. Verb forms and tenses

W10-S2C6-11-c. Subject/verb agreement

W10-S2C6-11-d. Pronoun/antecedent agreement

W10-S2C6-11-e. Parallel structure

W10-S2C6-11-f. Comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives

W10-S2C6-11-g. Modifier placement

W10-S2C6-11-h. Homonyms

W10-S2C6-12. Use appropriate format, according to type of writing, to cite sources (e.g., Chicago, APA, MLA, UPI, any other recognized style manual).

AZ.W10-S3. Writing Applications

W10-S3C1. Expressive: Expressive writing includes personal narratives, stories, poetry, songs, and dramatic pieces. Writing may be based on real or imagined events.

W10-S3C1-01. Write a reflective personal narrative that:

W10-S3C1-01-a. Describes a sequence of events, communicating the significance of the events to the audience

W10-S3C1-01-b. Sets scenes and incidents in specific times and places

W10-S3C1-01-c. Describes with specific details the sights, sounds, and smells of the scenes

W10-S3C1-01-d. Describes with specific details the actions, movements, gestures, and feelings of the characters

W10-S3C1-01-e. Uses interior monologue

W10-S3C1-01-f. Uses figurative language (e.g., simile, metaphor, personification)

W10-S3C2. Expository: Expository writing includes non-fiction writing that describes, explains, or summarizes ideas and content. The writing supports a thesis based on research, observation, and/or experience.

W10-S3C2-01. Write an explanatory, multi-paragraph essay that:

W10-S3C2-01-a. Includes background information to establish the thesis (hypothesis, essential question), as appropriate

W10-S3C2-01-b. States a thesis (hypothesis, essential question) with a narrow focus

W10-S3C2-01-c. Includes evidence in support of a thesis (hypothesis, essential question) in the form of details, facts, examples, or reasons

W10-S3C2-01-d. Communicates information and ideas from primary and/or secondary sources accurately and coherently, as appropriate

W10-S3C2-01-e. Attributes sources of information, as appropriate

W10-S3C2-01-f. Includes a topic sentence for each body paragraph

W10-S3C2-01-g. Includes relevant factors and variables that need to be considered

W10-S3C2-01-h. Includes visual aids to organize and record information on charts, data tables, maps and graphs, as appropriate

W10-S3C2-01-i. Includes an effective conclusion

W10-S3C3. Functional: Functional writing provides specific directions or information related to real-world tasks. This includes letters, memos, schedules, directories, signs, manuals, forms, recipes, and technical pieces for specific content areas.

W10-S3C3-01. Write a business letter and/or memo that:

W10-S3C3-01-a. Presents information purposefully and succinctly to meet the needs of the intended audience

W10-S3C3-01-b. Follows a conventional format (block, modified block, memo, email)

W10-S3C3-02. Address an envelope for correspondence that includes:

W10-S3C3-02-a. An appropriate return address

W10-S3C3-02-b. An appropriate recipient address

W10-S3C4. Persuasive: Persuasive writing is used for the purpose of influencing the reader. The author presents an issue and expresses an opinion in order to convince an audience to agree with the opinion or to take a particular action.

W10-S3C4-01. Write a persuasive composition (e.g., business letter, essay, letter to the editor) that:

W10-S3C4-01-a. States a position or claim

W10-S3C4-01-b. Presents detailed evidence, examples, and reasoning to support effective arguments and emotional appeals

W10-S3C4-01-c. Attributes sources of information when appropriate

W10-S3C4-01-d. Structures ideas

W10-S3C4-01-e. Addresses the reader's concerns

W10-S3C5. Literary Response: Literary response is the writer's reaction to a literary selection. The response includes the writer's interpretation, analysis, opinion, and/or feelings about the piece of literature and selected elements within it.

W10-S3C5-01. Write a literary analysis that:

W10-S3C5-01-a. Analyzes the author's use of literary elements (i.e., theme, point of view, characterization, setting, plot)

W10-S3C5-01-b. Analyzes different elements of figurative language (i.e., simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, symbolism, allusion, and imagery) in a literary selection

W10-S3C5-01-c. Compares the illustration of the same theme in two different literary genres, using their structural features as the basis for the comparison (e.g., novel and play, poem and short story)

W10-S3C5-01-d. Identifies how an author's choice of words and imagery sets the tone and advances the work's theme

W10-S3C6. Research: Research writing is a process in which the writer identifies a topic or question to be answered. The writer locates and evaluates information about the topic or question, and then organizes, summarizes, and synthesizes the information into a fin

W10-S3C6-01. Write a research report that:

W10-S3C6-01-a. Incorporates evidence in support of a thesis/claim

W10-S3C6-01-b. Integrates information from two or more pieces of primary and/or secondary research information

W10-S3C6-01-c. Makes distinctions between the relative value and significance of specific data, facts, and ideas

W10-S3C6-01-d. Integrates direct quotes

W10-S3C6-01-e. Uses internal citations

W10-S3C6-01-f. Includes a works cited, bibliography, or reference page

AZ.LS3. Listening and Speaking

LS-P/D. Students effectively listen and speak in situations that serve different purposes and involve a variety of audiences.

LS-P1. Proficiency: Deliver a polished speech that is organized and well suited to the audience and that uses resource materials to clarify and defend positions

LS-P2. Proficiency: Deliver an impromptu speech that is organized, addresses a particular subject and is tailored to the audience

LS-P3. Proficiency: Deliver oral interpretations of literary or original works

LS-P4. Proficiency: Conduct an interview, taking appropriate notes and summarizing the information learned

LS-P5. Proficiency: Evaluate the effectiveness of informal and formal presentations that use illustrations, statistics, comparisons and analogies

LS-D1. Distinction (Honors): Use clear and concise language when presenting analytical responses to literature, conveying technical information, and explaining complex concepts and procedures

LS-D2. Distinction (Honors): Deliver creative and dramatic interpretations of literary or original works

LS-D3. Distinction (Honors): Communicate information expressively, informatively and analytically through a variety of media to audiences inside or outside of school

LS-D4. Distinction (Honors): Evaluate and improve personal communication skills

AZ.VP4. Viewing and Presenting

VP-P/D. Students use a variety of visual media and resources to gather, evaluate and synthesize information and to communicate with others.

VP-P1. Proficiency: Analyze and evaluate visual media for language, subject matter and visual techniques used to influence attitudes, decision making and cultural perceptions

VP-P2. Proficiency: Plan, organize, develop, produce and evaluate an effective multimedia presentation, using tools such as charts, photographs, maps, tables, posters, transparencies, slides and electronic media

VP-P3. Proficiency: Analyze and evaluate the impact of visual media on the intended audience

VP-D1. Distinction (Honors): Conduct research to evaluate the impact of language, subject matter and visual techniques used by the media

VP-D2. Distinction (Honors): Expand abilities in developing multimedia presentations

VP-D3. Distinction (Honors): Research ethnical issues related to the laws, rules and regulations for the use of media