Virginia State Standards for Social Studies: Grade 8

VA.WHI.1.a. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: The student will improve skills in historical research and geographical analysis by identifying, analyzing, and interpreting primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about events and life in world history to 1500 AD 26
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.1.a.

VA.WHI.1.b. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: using maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and interpret the past to 1500 AD 13
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.1.b.

VA.WHI.1.c. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: identifying major geographic features important to the study of world history to 1500 AD 4
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.1.c.

VA.WHI.1.d. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: identifying and comparing political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms from 4000 BC to 1500 AD 11
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.1.d.

VA.WHI.1.e. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: analyzing trends in human migration and cultural interaction from prehistory to 1500 AD 5
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.1.e.

VA.WHI.2.a. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era I: Human Origins and Early Civilizations, Prehistory to 1000 BC: The student will demonstrate knowledge of early development of humankind from the Paleolithic Era to the agricultural revolution by explaining the impact of geographic environment on hunter-gatherer societies. 3
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.2.a.

VA.WHI.2.b. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era I: Human Origins and Early Civilizations, Prehistory to 1000 BC: The student will demonstrate knowledge of early development of humankind from the Paleolithic Era to the agricultural revolution by listing characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies, including their use of tools and fire. 3
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.2.b.

VA.WHI.2.c. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era I: Human Origins and Early Civilizations, Prehistory to 1000 BC: The student will demonstrate knowledge of early development of humankind from the Paleolithic Era to the agricultural revolution by describing technological and social advancements that gave rise to stable communities. 3
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.2.c.

VA.WHI.2.d. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era I: Human Origins and Early Civilizations, Prehistory to 1000 BC: The student will demonstrate knowledge of early development of humankind from the Paleolithic Era to the agricultural revolution by explaining how archaeological discoveries are changing present-day knowledge of early peoples. 8
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.2.d.

VA.WHI.3.a. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era I: Human Origins and Early Civilizations, Prehistory to 1000 BC: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient river valley civilizations, including Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus River Valley, and China and the civilizations of the Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Kush, by locating these civilizations in time and place. 12
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.3.a.

VA.WHI.3.b. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era I: Human Origins and Early Civilizations, Prehistory to 1000 BC: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient river valley civilizations, including Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus River Valley, and China and the civilizations of the Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Kush, by describing the development of social, political, and economic patterns, including slavery. 7
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.3.b.

VA.WHI.3.c. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era I: Human Origins and Early Civilizations, Prehistory to 1000 BC: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient river valley civilizations, including Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus River Valley, and China and the civilizations of the Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Kush, by explaining the development of religious traditions. 17
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.3.c.

VA.WHI.3.d. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era I: Human Origins and Early Civilizations, Prehistory to 1000 BC: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient river valley civilizations, including Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus River Valley, and China and the civilizations of the Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Kush, by describing the origins, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Judaism. 10
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.3.d.

VA.WHI.3.e. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era I: Human Origins and Early Civilizations, Prehistory to 1000 BC: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient river valley civilizations, including Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus River Valley, and China and the civilizations of the Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Kush, by explaining the development of language and writing. 2
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.3.e.

VA.WHI.4.a. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the civilizations of Persia, India, and China in terms of chronology, geography, social structures, government, economy, religion, and contributions to later civilizations by describing Persia, with emphasis on the development of an imperial bureaucracy. 5
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.4.a.

VA.WHI.4.b. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the civilizations of Persia, India, and China in terms of chronology, geography, social structures, government, economy, religion, and contributions to later civilizations by describing India, with emphasis on the Aryan migrations and the caste system. 3
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.4.b.

VA.WHI.4.c. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the civilizations of Persia, India, and China in terms of chronology, geography, social structures, government, economy, religion, and contributions to later civilizations by describing the origins, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Hinduism. 4
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.4.c.

VA.WHI.4.d. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the civilizations of Persia, India, and China in terms of chronology, geography, social structures, government, economy, religion, and contributions to later civilizations by describing the origins, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Buddhism. 5
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.4.d.

VA.WHI.4.e. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the civilizations of Persia, India, and China in terms of chronology, geography, social structures, government, economy, religion, and contributions to later civilizations by describing China, with emphasis on the development of an empire and the construction of the Great Wall. 7
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.4.e.

VA.WHI.4.f. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the civilizations of Persia, India, and China in terms of chronology, geography, social structures, government, economy, religion, and contributions to later civilizations by describing the impact of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. 6
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.4.f.

VA.WHI.5.a. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by assessing the influence of geography on Greek economic, social, and political development, including the impact of Greek commerce and colonies. 10
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.5.a.

VA.WHI.5.b. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by describing Greek mythology and religion.

VA.WHI.5.c. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by identifying the social structure and role of slavery, explaining the significance of citizenship and the development of democracy, and comparing the city-states of Athens and Sparta. 5
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.5.c.

VA.WHI.5.d. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by evaluating the significance of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars. 1
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.5.d.

VA.WHI.5.e. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by characterizing life in Athens during the Golden Age of Pericles. 2
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.5.e.

VA.WHI.5.f. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by citing contributions in drama, poetry, history, sculpture, architecture, science, mathematics, and philosophy, with emphasis on Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. 11
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.5.f.

VA.WHI.5.g. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by explaining the conquest of Greece by Macedonia and the spread of Hellenistic culture by Alexander the Great.

VA.WHI.6.a. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 BC to 500 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by assessing the influence of geography on Roman economic, social, and political development. 8
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.6.a.

VA.WHI.6.b. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 BC to 500 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by describing Roman mythology and religion. 4
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.6.b.

VA.WHI.6.c. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 BC to 500 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by explaining the social structure and role of slavery, significance of citizenship, and the development of democratic features in the government of the Roman Republic. 7
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.6.c.

VA.WHI.6.d. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 BC to 500 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by sequencing events leading to Roman military domination of the Mediterranean basin and Western Europe and the spread of Roman culture in these areas. 3
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.6.d.

VA.WHI.6.e. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 BC to 500 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by assessing the impact of military conquests on the army, economy, and social structure of Rome. 3
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.6.e.

VA.WHI.6.f. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 BC to 500 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by assessing the roles of Julius and Augustus Caesar in the collapse of the Republic and the rise of imperial monarchs. 3
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.6.f.

VA.WHI.6.g. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 BC to 500 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by explaining the economic, social, and political impact of the Pax Romana. 6
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.6.g.

VA.WHI.6.h. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 BC to 500 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by describing the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Christianity. 5
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.6.h.

VA.WHI.6.i. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 BC to 500 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by explaining the development and significance of the Church in the late Roman Empire. 4
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.6.i.

VA.WHI.6.j. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 BC to 500 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by listing contributions in art and architecture, technology and science, medicine, literature and history, language, religious institutions, and law. 10
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.6.j.

VA.WHI.6.k. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era II: Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 BC to 500 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by citing the reasons for the decline and fall of the Western Roman Empire. 1
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.6.k.

VA.WHI.7.a. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era III: Postclassical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Byzantine Empire and Russia from about 300 to 1000 AD by explaining the establishment of Constantinople as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. 3
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.7.a.

VA.WHI.7.b. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era III: Postclassical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Byzantine Empire and Russia from about 300 to 1000 AD by identifying Justinian and his contributions, including the codification of Roman law, and describing the expansion of the Byzantine Empire and economy. 3
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.7.b.

VA.WHI.7.c. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era III: Postclassical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Byzantine Empire and Russia from about 300 to 1000 AD by characterizing Byzantine art and architecture and the preservation of Greek and Roman traditions. 3
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.7.c.

VA.WHI.7.d. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era III: Postclassical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Byzantine Empire and Russia from about 300 to 1000 AD by explaining disputes that led to the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Greek Orthodox Church. 5
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.7.d.

VA.WHI.7.e. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era III: Postclassical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Byzantine Empire and Russia from about 300 to 1000 AD by assessing the impact of Byzantine influence and trade on Russia and Eastern Europe. 3
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.7.e.

VA.WHI.8.a. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era III: Postclassical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 AD by describing the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Islam. 18
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.8.a.

VA.WHI.8.b. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era III: Postclassical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 AD by assessing the influence of geography on Islamic economic, social, and political development, including the impact of conquest and trade. 19
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.8.b.

VA.WHI.8.c. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era III: Postclassical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 AD by identifying historical turning points that affected the spread and influence of Islamic civilization, with emphasis on the Sunni-Shi'a division and the Battle of Tours. 5
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.8.c.

VA.WHI.8.d. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era III: Postclassical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 AD by citing cultural and scientific contributions and achievements of Islamic civilization. 19
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.8.d.

VA.WHI.9.a. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era III: Postclassical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of Western Europe during the Middle Ages from about 500 to 1000 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by sequencing events related to the spread and influence of Christianity and the Catholic Church throughout Europe. 7
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.9.a.

VA.WHI.9.b. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era III: Postclassical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of Western Europe during the Middle Ages from about 500 to 1000 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by explaining the structure of feudal society and its economic, social, and political effects. 2
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.9.b.

VA.WHI.9.c. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era III: Postclassical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of Western Europe during the Middle Ages from about 500 to 1000 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by explaining the rise of Frankish kings, the Age of Charlemagne, and the revival of the idea of the Roman Empire. 5
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.9.c.

VA.WHI.9.d. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era III: Postclassical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of Western Europe during the Middle Ages from about 500 to 1000 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by sequencing events related to the invasions, settlements, and influence of migratory groups, including Angles, Saxons, Magyars, and Vikings. 2
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.9.d.

VA.WHI.10.a. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of civilizations and empires of the Eastern Hemisphere and their interactions through regional trade patterns by locating major trade routes. 4
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.10.a.

VA.WHI.10.b. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of civilizations and empires of the Eastern Hemisphere and their interactions through regional trade patterns by identifying technological advances and transfers, networks of economic interdependence, and cultural interactions. 4
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.10.b.

VA.WHI.10.c. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of civilizations and empires of the Eastern Hemisphere and their interactions through regional trade patterns by describing Japan, with emphasis on the impact of Shinto and Buddhist traditions and the influence of Chinese culture. 4
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.10.c.

VA.WHI.10.d. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of civilizations and empires of the Eastern Hemisphere and their interactions through regional trade patterns by describing east African kingdoms of Axum and Zimbabwe and west African civilizations of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in terms of geography, society, economy, and religion. 2
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.10.d.

VA.WHI.11.a. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of major civilizations of the Western Hemisphere, including the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan, by describing geographic relationship, with emphasis on patterns of development in terms of climate and physical features. 2
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.11.a.

VA.WHI.11.b. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of major civilizations of the Western Hemisphere, including the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan, by describing cultural patterns and political and economic structures. 2
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.11.b.

VA.WHI.12.a. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of social, economic, and political changes and cultural achievements in the late medieval period by describing the emergence of nation-states (England, France, Spain, and Russia) and distinctive political developments in each. 5
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.12.a.

VA.WHI.12.b. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of social, economic, and political changes and cultural achievements in the late medieval period by explaining conflicts among Eurasian powers, including the Crusades, the Mongol conquests, and the fall of Constantinople. 12
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.12.b.

VA.WHI.12.c. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of social, economic, and political changes and cultural achievements in the late medieval period by identifying patterns of crisis and recovery related to the Black Death. 1
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.12.c.

VA.WHI.12.d. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of social, economic, and political changes and cultural achievements in the late medieval period by explaining the preservation and transfer to Western Europe of Greek, Roman, and Arabic philosophy, medicine, and science. 1
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.12.d.

VA.WHI.13.a. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of developments leading to the Renaissance in Europe in terms of its impact on Western civilization by identifying the economic foundations of the Renaissance. 11
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.13.a.

VA.WHI.13.b. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of developments leading to the Renaissance in Europe in terms of its impact on Western civilization by sequencing events related to the rise of Italian city-states and their political development, including Machiavelli's theory of governing as described in The Prince. 7
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.13.b.

VA.WHI.13.c. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of developments leading to the Renaissance in Europe in terms of its impact on Western civilization by citing artistic, literary, and philosophical creativity, as contrasted with the medieval period, including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Petrarch. 11
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.13.c.

VA.WHI.13.d. World History and Geography to 1500 AD: Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD: The student will demonstrate knowledge of developments leading to the Renaissance in Europe in terms of its impact on Western civilization by comparing the Italian and the Northern Renaissance, and citing the contributions of writers. 10
Suggested Titles for Virginia Social Studies State Standard VA.WHI.13.d.