Texas State Standards for Mathematics: Grade 8

TX.111.24 (8.1) Number, operation, and quantitative reasoning. The student understands that different forms of numbers are appropriate for different situations.

(8.1) (A) The student is expected to compare and order rational numbers in various forms including integers, percents, and positive and negative fractions and decimals.

(8.1) (B) The student is expected to select and use appropriate forms of rational numbers to solve real-life problems including those involving proportional relationships.

(8.1) (C) The student is expected to approximate (mentally and with calculators) the value of irrational numbers as they arise from problem situations (such as pi, square root of 2).

(8.1) (D) The student is expected to express numbers in scientific notation, including negative exponents, in appropriate problem situations.

TX.111.24 (8.2) Number, operation, and quantitative reasoning. The student selects and uses appropriate operations to solve problems and justify solutions.

(8.2) (A) The student is expected to select appropriate operations to solve problems involving rational numbers and justify the selections.

(8.2) (B) The student is expected to use appropriate operations to solve problems involving rational numbers in problem situations.

(8.2) (C) The student is expected to evaluate a solution for reasonableness.

(8.2) (D) The student is expected to use multiplication by a constant factor (unit rate) to represent proportional relationships.

TX.111.24 (8.3) Patterns, relationships, and algebraic thinking. The student identifies proportional or non-proportional linear relationships in problem situations and solves problems.

(8.3) (A) The student is expected to compare and contrast proportional and non-proportional linear relationships.

(8.3) (B) The student is expected to estimate and find solutions to application problems involving percents and other proportional relationships such as similarity and rates.

TX.111.24 (8.4) Patterns, relationships, and algebraic thinking. The student makes connections among various representations of a numerical relationship.

(8.4) (A) The student is expected to generate a different representation of data given another representation of data (such as a table, graph, equation, or verbal description).

TX.111.24 (8.5) Patterns, relationships, and algebraic thinking. The student uses graphs, tables, and algebraic representations to make predictions and solve problems.

(8.5) (A) The student is expected to predict, find, and justify solutions to application problems using appropriate tables, graphs, and algebraic equations.

(8.5) (B) The student is expected to find and evaluate an algebraic expression to determine any term in an arithmetic sequence (with a constant rate of change).

TX.111.24 (8.6) Geometry and spatial reasoning. The student uses transformational geometry to develop spatial sense.

(8.6) (A) The student is expected to generate similar figures using dilations including enlargements and reductions.

(8.6) (B) The student is expected to graph dilations, reflections, and translations on a coordinate plane.

TX.111.24 (8.7) Geometry and spatial reasoning. The student uses geometry to model and describe the physical world.

(8.7) (A) The student is expected to draw three-dimensional figures from different perspectives.

(8.7) (B) The student is expected to use geometric concepts and properties to solve problems in fields such as art and architecture.

(8.7) (C) The student is expected to use pictures or models to demonstrate the Pythagorean Theorem.

(8.7) (D) The student is expected to locate and name points on a coordinate plane using ordered pairs of rational numbers.

TX.111.24 (8.8) Measurement. The student uses procedures to determine measures of three-dimensional figures.

(8.8) (A) The student is expected to find lateral and total surface area of prisms, pyramids, and cylinders using concrete models and nets (two-dimensional models).

(8.8) (B) The student is expected to connect models of prisms, cylinders, pyramids, spheres, and cones to formulas for volume of these objects.

(8.8) (C) The student is expected to estimate measurements and use formulas to solve application problems involving lateral and total surface area and volume.

TX.111.24 (8.9) Measurement. The student uses indirect measurement to solve problems.

(8.9) (A) The student is expected to use the Pythagorean Theorem to solve real-life problems.

(8.9) (B) The student is expected to use proportional relationships in similar two-dimensional figures or similar three-dimensional figures to find missing measurements.

TX.111.24 (8.10) Measurement. The student describes how changes in dimensions affect linear, area, and volume measures.

(8.10) (A) The student is expected to describe the resulting effects on perimeter and area when dimensions of a shape are changed proportionally.

(8.10) (B) The student is expected to describe the resulting effect on volume when dimensions of a solid are changed proportionally.

TX.111.24 (8.11) Probability and statistics. The student applies concepts of theoretical and experimental probability to make predictions.

(8.11) (A) The student is expected to find the probabilities of dependent and independent events.

(8.11) (B) The student is expected to use theoretical probabilities and experimental results to make predictions and decisions.

(8.11) (C) The student is expected to select and use different models to simulate an event.

TX.111.24 (8.12) Probability and statistics. The student uses statistical procedures to describe data.

(8.12) (A) The student is expected to select the appropriate measure of central tendency or range to describe a set of data and justify the choice for a particular situation.

(8.12) (B) The student is expected to draw conclusions and make predictions by analyzing trends in scatterplots.

(8.12) (C) The student is expected to select and use an appropriate representation for presenting and displaying relationships among collected data, including line plots, line graphs, stem and leaf plots, circle graphs, bar graphs, box and whisker plots, histograms, and Venn diagrams, with and without the use of technology.

TX.111.24 (8.13) Probability and statistics. The student evaluates predictions and conclusions based on statistical data.

(8.13) (A) The student is expected to evaluate methods of sampling to determine validity of an inference made from a set of data.

(8.13) (B) The student is expected to recognize misuses of graphical or numerical information and evaluate predictions and conclusions based on data analysis.

TX.111.24 (8.14) Underlying processes and mathematical tools. The student applies Grade 8 mathematics to solve problems connected to everyday experiences, investigations in other disciplines, and activities in and outside of school.

(8.14) (A) The student is expected to identify and apply mathematics to everyday experiences, to activities in and outside of school, with other disciplines, and with other mathematical topics.

(8.14) (B) The student is expected to use a problem-solving model that incorporates understanding the problem, making a plan, carrying out the plan, and evaluating the solution for reasonableness.

(8.14) (C) The student is expected to select or develop an appropriate problem-solving strategy from a variety of different types, including drawing a picture, looking for a pattern, systematic guessing and checking, acting it out, making a table, working a simpler problem, or working backwards to solve a problem.

(8.14) (D) The student is expected to select tools such as real objects, manipulatives, paper/pencil, and technology or techniques such as mental math, estimation, and number sense to solve problems.

TX.111.24 (8.15) Underlying processes and mathematical tools. The student communicates about Grade 8 mathematics through informal and mathematical language, representations, and models.

(8.15) (A) The student is expected to communicate mathematical ideas using language, efficient tools, appropriate units, and graphical, numerical, physical, or algebraic mathematical models.

(8.15) (B) The student is expected to evaluate the effectiveness of different representations to communicate ideas.

TX.111.24 (8.16) Underlying processes and mathematical tools. The student uses logical reasoning to make conjectures and verify conclusions.

(8.16) (A) The student is expected to make conjectures from patterns or sets of examples and non-examples.

(8.16) (B) The student is expected to validate his/her conclusions using mathematical properties and relationships.