Pennsylvania State Standards for Language Arts: Grade 2

PA.1.1.3.A. Learning to Read Independently: Identify the purposes and types of text (e.g., literature, information) before reading.

PA.1.1.3.B. Learning to Read Independently: Preview the text formats (e.g., title, headings, chapters and table of contents).

PA.1.1.3.C. Learning to Read Independently: Use knowledge of phonics, word analysis (e.g., root words, prefixes and suffixes), syllabication, picture and context clues to decode and understand new words during reading.

PA.1.1.3.D. Learning to Read Independently: Read text using self-monitoring comprehension strategies (e.g., predict, revise predictions, reread, use text organization including headings, graphics, and charts, and adjust reading rate).

PA.1.1.3.E. Learning to Read Independently: Acquire a reading vocabulary by identifying and correctly using words (e.g., antonyms, synonyms, categories of words).

PA.1.1.3.F. Learning to Read Independently: Understand the meaning of and use correctly new vocabulary learned in various subject areas.

PA.1.1.3.G. Learning to Read Independently: Demonstrate after reading understanding and interpretation of both fiction and nonfiction text.

1.1.3.G.1. Retell or summarize the major ideas, themes or procedures of the text.

1.1.3.G.2. Connect the new information or ideas in the text to known information.

1.1.3.G.3. Clarify ideas and understandings through rereading and discussion.

1.1.3.G.4. Make responsible assertions about the text by citing evidence from the text.

PA.1.1.3.H. Learning to Read Independently: Demonstrate fluency and comprehension in reading.

1.1.3.H.1. Read familiar materials aloud with accuracy.

1.1.3.H.2. Self-correct mistakes.

1.1.3.H.3. Use appropriate rhythm, flow, meter and pronunciation.

1.1.3.H.4. Read a variety of genres and types of text.

1.1.3.H.5. Demonstrate comprehension (Standard 1.1.3.G.) (Recommend: 25 books/year).

PA.1.2.3.A. Reading Critically in All Content Areas: Read and understand essential content of informational texts and documents in all academic areas.

1.2.3.A.1. Differentiate fact from opinion within text.

1.2.3.A.2. Distinguish between essential and nonessential information within a text.

1.2.3.A.3. Make inferences from text when studying a topic (e.g., science, social studies) and draw conclusions based on text.

1.2.3.A.4. Analyze text organization and content to derive meaning from text using established criteria.

PA.1.2.3.B. Reading Critically in All Content Areas: Use and understand a variety of media and evaluate the quality of material produced.

1.2.3.B.1. Use electronic media for research.

1.2.3.B.2. Identify techniques used in television and use the knowledge to distinguish between facts and misleading information.

1.2.3.B.3. Assess the quality of media project (e.g., script, play, audiotape) that has been developed for a targeted audience.

PA.1.2.3.C. Reading Critically in All Content Areas: Produce work in at least one literary genre that follows the conventions of the genre.

PA.1.3.3.A. Reading, Analyzing and Interpreting Literature: Read and understand works of literature.

PA.1.3.3.B. Reading, Analyzing and Interpreting Literature: Identify literary elements in stories describing characters, setting and plot.

PA.1.3.3.C. Reading, Analyzing and Interpreting Literature: Identify literary devices in stories (e.g., rhyme, rhythm, personification).

PA.1.3.3.D. Reading, Analyzing and Interpreting Literature: Identify the structures in poetry (e.g., pattern books, predictable books, nursery rhymes).

PA.1.3.3.E. Reading, Analyzing and Interpreting Literature: Identify the structures in drama (e.g., dialogue, story enactment, acts, scenes).

PA.1.3.3.F. Reading, Analyzing and Interpreting Literature: Read and respond to nonfiction and fiction including poetry and drama.

PA.1.4.3.A. Types of Writing: Write narrative pieces (e.g., stories, poems, plays).

1.4.3.A.1. Include detailed descriptions of people, places and things.

1.4.3.A.2. Use relevant illustrations.

1.4.3.A.3. Include literary elements (Standard 1.3.3.B.).

PA.1.4.3.B. Types of Writing: Write informational pieces (e.g., descriptions, letters, reports, instructions) using illustrations when relevant.

PA.1.4.3.C. Types of Writing: Write an opinion and support it with facts.

PA.1.5.3.A. Quality of Writing: Write with a sharp, distinct focus identifying topic, task and audience.

PA.1.5.3.B. Quality of Writing: Write using well-developed content appropriate for the topic.

1.5.3.B.1. Gather and organize information.

1.5.3.B.2. Write a series of related sentences or paragraphs with one central idea.

1.5.3.B.3. Incorporate details relevant and appropriate to the topic.

PA.1.5.3.C. Quality of Writing: Write with controlled and/or subtle organization.

1.5.3.C.1. Sustain a logical order.

1.5.3.C.2. Include a recognizable beginning, middle and end.

PA.1.5.3.D. Quality of Writing: Write with an awareness of the stylistic aspects of composition.

1.5.3.D.1. Use sentences of differing lengths and complexities.

1.5.3.D.2. Use descriptive words and action verbs.

PA.1.5.3.E. Quality of Writing: Revise writing to improve detail and order by identifying missing information and determining whether ideas follow logically.

PA.1.5.3.F. Quality of Writing: Edit writing using the conventions of language.

1.5.3.F.1. Spell common, frequently used words correctly.

1.5.3.F.2. Use capital letters correctly (first word in sentences, proper nouns, pronoun 'I').

1.5.3.F.3. Punctuate correctly (periods, exclamation points, question marks, commas in a series).

1.5.3.F.4. Use nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and conjunctions properly.

1.5.3.F.5. Use complete sentences (simple, compound, declarative, interrogative, exclamatory and imperative).

PA.1.5.3.G. Quality of Writing: Present and/or defend written work for publication when appropriate.

PA.1.6.3.A. Speaking and Listening: Listen to others.

1.6.3.A.1. Ask questions as an aid to understanding.

1.6.3.A.2. Distinguish fact from opinion.

PA.1.6.3.B. Speaking and Listening: Listen to a selection of literature (fiction and/or nonfiction).

1.6.3.B.1. Relate it to similar experiences.

1.6.3.B.2. Predict what will happen next.

1.6.3.B.3. Retell a story in chronological order.

1.6.3.B.4. Recognize character and tone.

1.6.3.B.5. Identify and define new words and concepts.

PA.1.6.3.C. Speaking and Listening: Speak using skills appropriate to formal speech situations.

1.6.3.C.1. Use appropriate volume.

1.6.3.C.2. Pronounce most words accurately.

1.6.3.C.3. Pace speech so that is understandable.

1.6.3.C.4. Demonstrate an awareness of audience.

PA.1.6.3.D. Speaking and Listening: Contribute to discussions.

1.6.3.D.1. Ask relevant questions.

1.6.3.D.2. Respond with appropriate information or opinions to questions asked.

1.6.3.D.3. Listen to and acknowledge the contributions of others.

1.6.3.D.4. Display appropriate turn-taking behaviors.

PA.1.6.3.E. Speaking and Listening: Participate in small and large group discussions and presentations.

1.6.3.E.1. Participate in everyday conversation.

1.6.3.E.2. Present oral readings.

1.6.3.E.3. Deliver short reports (e.g., Show-and-Tell, field trip summary).

1.6.3.E.4. Conduct short interviews.

1.6.3.E.5. Give simple directions and explanations.

1.6.3.E.6. Report an emergency.

PA.1.6.3.F. Speaking and Listening: Use media for learning purposes.

1.6.3.F.1. Explain the importance of television, radio, film and Internet in the lives of people.

1.6.3.F.2. Explain how advertising sells products.

1.6.3.F.3. Show or explain what was learned (e.g., audiotape, computer download).

PA.1.7.3.A. Characteristics and Functions of the English Language: Identify words from other languages that are commonly used English words.

PA.1.7.3.B. Characteristics and Functions of the English Language: Identify variations in the dialogues of literary characters and relate them to differences in occupation or geographical location.

PA.1.8.3.A. Research: Select a topic for research.

PA.1.8.3.B. Research: Locate information using appropriate sources and strategies.

1.8.3.B.1. Locate resources for a particular task (e.g., newspapers, dictionary).

1.8.3.B.2. Select sources (e.g., dictionaries, encyclopedias, interviews to write a family history, observations, electronic media).

1.8.3.B.3. Use tables of contents, key words and guide words.

1.8.3.B.4. Use traditional and electronic search tools.

PA.1.8.3.C. Research: Organize and present the main ideas from research.

1.8.3.C.1. Take notes from sources using a structured format.

1.8.3.C.2. Summarize, orally or in writing, the main ideas.