Ohio State Standards for Mathematics: Kindergarten

OH.NNSO. Number, Number Sense and Operations: Students demonstrate number sense, including an understanding of number systems and operations and how they relate to one another. Students compute fluently and make reasonable estimates using paper and pencil, technology-supported and mental methods.

NNSO.A. Use place value concepts to represent whole numbers using numerals, words and physical models.

NNSO.B. Recognize, classify, compare and order whole numbers.

NNSO.C. Represent commonly used fractions using words and physical models.

NNSO.D. Determine the value of a collection of coins and dollar bills.

NNSO.E. Make change using coins for values up to one dollar.

NNSO.F. Count, using numerals and ordinal numbers.

NNSO.G. Model, represent and explain addition as combining sets and counting on.

NNSO.H. Model, represent and explain subtraction as comparison, take-away and part-to-whole.

NNSO.I. Model, represent and explain multiplication as repeated addition, rectangular arrays and skip counting.

NNSO.J. Model, represent and explain division as sharing equally, repeated subtraction and rectangular arrays.

NNSO.K. Demonstrate fluency in addition facts with addends through 9 and corresponding subtractions.

NNSO.L. Demonstrate fluency in adding and subtracting multiples of 10, and recognize combinations that make 10.

NNSO.M. Add and subtract two-digit numbers with and without regrouping.

NNSO.1. Grade Level Indicator: Number and Number Systems: Compare and order whole numbers up to 10.

NNSO.2. Grade Level Indicator: Number and Number Systems: Explain rules of counting, such as each object should be counted once and that order does not change the number.

NNSO.3. Grade Level Indicator: Number and Number Systems: Count to twenty; e.g., in play situations or while reading number books.

NNSO.4. Grade Level Indicator: Number and Number Systems: Determine 'how many' in sets (groups) of 10 or fewer objects.

NNSO.5. Grade Level Indicator: Number and Number Systems: Relate, read and write numerals for single-digit numbers (0 to 9).

NNSO.6. Grade Level Indicator: Number and Number Systems: Construct multiple sets of objects each containing the same number of objects.

NNSO.7. Grade Level Indicator: Number and Number Systems: Compare the number of objects in two or more sets when one set has one or two more, or one or two fewer objects.

NNSO.8. Grade Level Indicator: Number and Number Systems: Represent and use whole numbers in flexible ways, including relating, composing and decomposing numbers; e.g., 5 marbles can be 2 red and 3 green or 1 red and 4 green.

NNSO.9. Grade Level Indicator: Number and Number Systems: Identify and state the value of a penny, nickel and dime.

NNSO.10. Grade Level Indicator: Meaning of Operations: Model and represent addition as combining sets and counting on, and subtraction as take-away and comparison.

NNSO.11. Grade Level Indicator: Meaning of Operations: Demonstrate joining multiple groups of objects, each containing the same number of objects; e.g., combining 3 bags of candy, each containing 2 pieces.

NNSO.12. Grade Level Indicator: Meaning of Operations: Partition or share a small set of objects into groups of equal size; e.g., sharing 6 stickers equally among 3 children.

NNSO.13. Grade Level Indicator: Computation and Estimation: Recognize the number or quantity of sets up to 5 without counting; e.g., recognize without counting the dot arrangement on a domino as 5.

OH.M. Measurement: Students estimate and measure to a required degree of accuracy and precision by selecting and using appropriate units, tools and technologies.

M.A. Explain the need for standard units of measure.

M.B. Select appropriate units for length, weight, volume (capacity) and time, using: objects; i.e., non-standard units; U.S. customary units: inch, foot, yard, ounce, pound, cup, quart, gallon, minute, hour, day, week and year; metric units: centimeter, meter, gram and liter.

M.C. Develop common referents for units of measure for length, weight, volume (capacity) and time to make comparisons and estimates.

M.D. Apply measurement techniques to measure length, weight and volume (capacity).

M.E. Recognize that using different units of measurement will yield different numbers for the same measurement.

M.1. Grade Level Indicator: Measurement Units: Identify units of time (day, week, month, year) and compare calendar elements; e.g., weeks are longer than days.

M.2. Grade Level Indicator: Use Measurement Techniques and Tools: Compare and order objects of different lengths, areas, weights and capacities; and use relative terms, such as longer, shorter, bigger, smaller, heavier, lighter, more and less.

M.3. Grade Level Indicator: Use Measurement Techniques and Tools: Measure length and volume (capacity) using uniform objects in the environment.

M.4. Grade Level Indicator: Use Measurement Techniques and Tools: Order events based on time.

OH.GSS. Geometry and Spatial Sense: Students identify, classify, compare and analyze characteristics, properties and relationships of one-, two- and three-dimensional geometric figures and objects. Students use spatial reasoning, properties of geometric objects, and transformations to analyze mathematical situations and solve problems.

GSS.A. Describe and create plane figures: circle, rectangle, square, triangle, hexagon, trapezoid, parallelogram and rhombus, and identify them in the environment.

GSS.B. Describe solid objects: cube, rectangular prism, sphere, cylinder, cone and pyramid, and identify them in the environment.

GSS.C. Sort and compare two-dimensional figures and three-dimensional objects according to their characteristics and properties.

GSS.D. Identify, explain and model (superposition, copying) the concept of shapes being congruent and similar.

GSS.E. Recognize two- and three-dimensional objects from different positions.

GSS.F. Describe location, using comparative (before, after), directional (above, below), and positional (first, last) words.

GSS.G. Identify and draw figures with line symmetry.

GSS.1. Grade Level Indicator: Characteristics and Properties: Identify and sort two- dimensional shapes and three- dimensional objects.

GSS.2. Grade Level Indicator: Spatial Relationships: Name and demonstrate the relative position of objects.

OH.PFA. Patterns, Functions and Algebra: Students use patterns, relations and functions to model, represent and analyze problem situations that involve variable quantities. Students analyze, model and solve problems using various representations such as tables, graphs and equations.

PFA.A. Sort, classify and order objects by size, number and other properties, and describe the attributes used.

PFA.B. Extend sequences of sounds and shapes or simple number patterns, and create and record similar patterns.

PFA.C. Create and extend patterns, and describe the rule in words.

PFA.D. Model problem situations, using objects, pictures, numbers and other symbols.

PFA.E. Solve open sentences and explain strategies.

PFA.F. Represent an unknown quantity as a variable using a symbol, such as a box, a triangle, or a circle.

PFA.G. Describe and compare qualitative and quantitative changes.

PFA.1. Grade Level Indicator: Use Patterns, Relations and Functions: Sort, classify and order objects by size, number and other properties.

PFA.2. Grade Level Indicator: Use Patterns, Relations and Functions: Identify, create, extend and copy sequences of sounds (such as musical notes), shapes (such as buttons, leaves or blocks), motions (such as hops or skips), and numbers from 1 to 10.

PFA.3. Grade Level Indicator: Use Patterns, Relations and Functions: Describe orally the pattern of a given sequence.

PFA.4. Grade Level Indicator: Use Algebraic Representations: Model a problem situation using physical materials.

OH.DAP. Data Analysis and Probability: Students pose questions and collect, organize, represent, interpret and analyze data to answer those questions. Students develop and evaluate inferences, predictions and arguments that are based on data.

DAP.A. Pose questions and gather data about everyday situations and familiar objects.

DAP.B. Sort and classify objects by attributes, and organize data into categories in a simple table or chart.

DAP.C. Represent data using objects, picture graphs and bar graphs.

DAP.D. Describe the probability of chance events as more, less or equally likely to occur.

DAP.1. Grade Level Indicator: Data Collection: Gather and sort data in response to questions posed by teacher and students; e.g., how many sisters and brothers, what color shoes.

DAP.2. Grade Level Indicator: Data Collection: Arrange objects in a floor or table graph according to attributes, such as use, size, color, or shape.

DAP.3. Grade Level Indicator: Statistical Methods: Select the category or categories that have the most or fewest objects in a floor or table graph.

OH.MP. Mathematical Processes: Students use mathematical processes and knowledge to solve problems. Students apply problem-solving and decision-making techniques, and communicate mathematical ideas.

MP.A. Use a variety of strategies to understand problem situations; e.g., discussing with peers, stating problems in own words, modeling problems with diagrams or physical materials, identifying a pattern.

MP.B. Identify and restate in own words the question or problem and the information needed to solve the problem.

MP.C. Generate alternative strategies to solve problems.

MP.D. Evaluate the reasonableness of predictions, estimations and solutions.

MP.E. Explain to others how a problem was solved.

MP.F. Draw pictures and use physical models to represent problem situations and solutions.

MP.G. Use invented and conventional symbols and common language to describe a problem situation and solution.

MP.H. Recognize the mathematical meaning of common words and phrases, and relate everyday language to mathematical language and symbols.

MP.I. Communicate mathematical thinking by using everyday language and appropriate mathematical language.