Nevada State Standards for Social Studies: Grade 9

NV.1.0. Economics: The Economic Way of Thinking: Students will use fundamental economic concepts, including scarcity, choice, cost, incentives, and costs versus benefits to describe and analyze problems and opportunities, both individual and social.

1.12.1 Scarcity, Choice, and Cost: Explain why choices and their costs may differ across individuals and societies.

1.12.2 Incentives and Preferences: Recognize that people act out of self-interest and predict how a change in the economic environment will affect the choices made by consumers, producers, and savers.

1.12.3 Cost versus Benefits: Examine decisions made by individuals, businesses, and government by comparing the marginal benefits and marginal costs.

1.12.4 Personal Economics: Give examples of and evaluate the effectiveness of incentive systems used by parents, teachers, and employers. (E10.12.4)

NV.2.0. Economics: Measuring U.S. Economic Performance: Students will demonstrate a knowledge of past and present U.S. economic performance, identify the economic indicators used to measure that performance, and use this knowledge to make individual decisions and discuss social issues.

2.12.1 Measuring Economic Growth: Explain the difference between nominal GDP and real GDP.

2.12.2 Measuring Economic Growth: Using real GDP per capita as a measure of the standard of living, describe how living standards have changed over time. (H 1.12.2; H 2.12.3)

2.12.3 Measuring Economic Growth: Using the change in real GDP, examine the U.S. economy over time, identifying recessions and high and low rates of growth. (H 1.12.2; H 2.12.3; H 8.8.6; H 8.12.6)

2.12.4 Measuring Inflation: Using a price index to measure inflation, identify when the U.S. economy has experienced high and low rates of inflation and discuss their effects. (H 1.12.2; H 2.12.3)

2.12.5 Measuring Inflation: Use various price indexes to determine how the prices of different types of goods and services have changed.

2.12.6 Measuring Unemployment: Explain and give examples of the costs of unemployment to the economy as a whole (such as lost income, lost tax revenue, and additional welfare burdens). (H 8.12.6)

2.12.7 Measuring Unemployment: Compare the unemployment rates for groups of people who differ by age, gender, ethnic origin, occupation, and educational attainment.

2.12.8 Measuring Interest: Explain why a real interest rate accurately measures the benefit of saving or the cost of borrowing.

2.12.9 Measuring Interest: Demonstrate knowledge of when interest rate levels have experienced relative highs and relative lows throughout U.S. history and discuss their effects. (H 1.12.2; H 8.12.6)

2.12.10 Personal Economics: Characterize different career paths according to the rates of job growth and employment opportunities.

2.12.11 Personal Economics: Explain ways a high interest rate could be detrimental or beneficial.

2.12.12 Personal Economics: Evaluate saving and borrowing options in terms of interest and compare long- and short-term costs and benefits.

NV.3.0. Economics: Functioning of Markets: Students will demonstrate an understanding of how markets work, including an understanding of why markets form, how supply and demand interact to determine market prices and interest rates, and how changes in prices act as signals to coordinate trade.

3.12.1 Trade Is Beneficial: Demonstrate an understanding that all voluntary trade, by definition, benefits both parties.

3.12.2 Markets Determine Prices: Use the concepts of supply and demand to analyze and predict the price changes occurring in markets for goods and services. (H 2.12.3)

3.12.3 Prices as Signals: Use the concept of price elasticity to analyze how buyers and sellers might adjust their purchase and sales decisions in response to price changes.

3.12.4 Prices as Signals: Discuss the effects of price controls (price ceilings and price floors) (such as minimum wage, rent control). (E 10.12.4)

3.12.5 Determining Interest Rates: Use supply and demand to explain how interest rates are determined.

3.12.6 Personal Economics: Analyze and predict instances in which people pay high and low interest rates (such as car loans and credit cards).

3.12.7 Personal Economics: Analyze family spending decisions, drawing conclusions about the desirability of making substitutions, given the relative prices of various substitutes.

NV.4.0. Economics: Private U.S. Economic Institutions: Students will describe the roles played by U.S. economic institutions including financial institutions, labor unions, corporations, and not-for-profit organizations.

4.12.1 Financial Institutions: Analyze the roles of financial institutions in creating credit.

4.12.2 Labor Unions: Discuss how labor unions affect employees and employers. (C 5.12.6; E 10.12.4)

4.12.3 For-profit Business Organizations: Identify current or historical mergers, buyouts, and acquisitions. (H 7.12.8)

4.12.4 Not-for-profit Organizations: Explain how the services of not-for-profit organizations impact other economic institutions.

4.12.5 Personal Economics: Compare and contrast the services offered by financial institutions, evaluating their usefulness to borrowers and lenders.

4.12.6 Personal Economics: Compare and contrast careers associated with financial institutions, labor unions, for-profit business organizations, and not-for-profit organizations.

NV.5.0. Economics: Money: Students demonstrate an understanding of forms of money, how money makes it easier to trade, borrow, save, invest, and compare the value of goods and services; and how the Federal Reserve System and its policies affect the U.S. money supply.

5.12.1 Functions of Money: Explain the three functions of money: medium of exchange, store of value, unit of account.

5.12.2 The Federal Reserve and the Banking System: Explain why the money supply increases when banks make loans.

5.12.3 The Federal Reserve and the Banking System: Explain how the Federal Reserve influences bank loan activity using the reserve requirement, discount rate, and open market operations.

5.12.4 History of Money: Describe the nation's current money supply measures, including M1 and M2.

5.12.5 Personal Economics: Explain what a credit rating is and how it affects access to money.

NV.6.0. Economics: The U.S. Economy as a Whole: Students will demonstrate an understanding of the U.S. economic system as a whole in terms of how it allocates resources; determines the nation's production, income, unemployment, and price levels; and leads to variations in individual income levels.

6.12.1 Resource Allocation: Compare the benefits and costs of allocating resources through markets or government. (C 7.12.2; H 6.8.12; H 6.12.12)

6.12.2 Resource Allocation: Discuss how an economy determines what goods and services will be produced, how they will be produced, and who will receive them. (H 6.12.12)

6.12.3 The Nation's Production Level: Analyze the potential production of goods and services for a nation as determined by its resources and technology. (H 6.12.1; H 7.12.7; H 9.12.5)

6.12.4 The Nation's Income Level: Explain how the multiplier can affect the nation's income.

6.12.5 The Nation's Unemployment Rate: Make connections between the nation's unemployment rate and changes in seasons, changes in an industry, and changes in demographics. (E 11.12.2)

6.12.6 Differences in Individual Incomes: Explain how and why changes in product demand can affect the price of the product, which, in turn, can affect the wages paid to a worker.

6.12.7 Personal Economics: Assess the attractiveness of career paths of interest and how they might be affected by changes in the national economy.

NV.7.0. Economics: An Evolving Economy: Students will demonstrate an understanding of how investment, entrepreneurship, competition, and specialization lead to changes in an economy's structure and performance.

7.12.1 Investment: Describe the past, present, and future role of investment in enhancing economic growth and raising living standards. (H 7.12.7)

7.12.2 Investment: Identify the benefits and the costs of investing in new physical capital and new human capital.

7.12.3 Investment: Examine government's impact on investment through taxes, fees, government regulation, enterprise zones, and subsidies. (C 3.8.1)

7.12.4 Entrepreneurship: Discuss how entrepreneurs affect the economy by solving problems, taking risks, and taking advantage of opportunities to earn profits.

7.12.5 Competition: Explain how individual self-interest, channeled through the marketplace, can increase the overall standard of living. (H 6.12.12)

7.12.6 Specialization: Discuss the pros and cons of specialization and interdependence. (E 10.12.14)

7.12.7 Personal Economics: Explain why top performers in any field are specialists.

NV.8.0. Economics: The Role of Government in a Market Economy: Students will explain the role of government in a market economy.

8.12.1 Public Goods: Explain why government provides public goods rather than allowing the market to provide them.

8.12.2 Externalities: Explain why government intervenes in markets in response to externalities.

8.12.3 Redistributing Income: Discuss whether redistributing income is an appropriate role of government. (C 2.12.3; E 10.12.1; E 10.12.4; H 8.12.6)

8.12.4 Property Rights: Demonstrate an under-standing that government must define, establish, and enforce property rights in order for markets to function. (C 1.12.1)

8.12.5 Political Decisions: Explain why it is possible that a government decision may impose costs on many, but only benefit a few. (C 4.12.2; C 4.12.3)

8.12.6 Fiscal Policy: Explain how fiscal policy affects production, employment, and price levels. (C 4.12.6; H 8.12.6; H 8.12.9)

8.12.7 Personal Economics: Give examples of mandates that increase prices of goods and services in Nevada.

NV.9.0. Economics: The International Economy: Students explore the characteristics of non-U.S. economic systems in order to demonstrate an understanding of how they are connected, through trade, to peoples and cultures throughout the world.

9.12.1 International Trade: Analyze the pros and cons of foreign trade, comparing free trade with restricted trade. (E10.12.4; G 4.12.6; H 10.12.2)

9.12.2 Interdependence: Describe how foreign economic events can impact the U.S. economy. (C 8.12.2; G 4.12.7; H 7.12.17; H 10.12.3)

9.12.3 Characteristics of Non-U.S. Economic Systems: Describe some characteristics of non-U.S. economies that affect international trade. (C 7.12.2; G 4.12.7; G 6.12.1)

9.12.4 Exchange Rates: Determine how a change in exchange rates affects the ability of residents of one country to consume products from other countries.

9.12.5 Personal Economics: Draw conclusions about how the prices of goods you purchase would change if imports were restricted.

9.12.6 Personal Economics: Discuss how potential career paths could be affected by changes in foreign demand for U.S. products.

NV.1.0. Geography: The World in Spatial Terms: Students use maps, globes, and other geographic tools and technologies to locate and derive information about people, places, and environments.

1.12.1 Map Use: Use a variety of complex maps to acquire geographic information such as topographic, demographic, and land use. (H 2.12.3)

1.12.2 Map Section: Select appropriate maps, map projections, and other representations to analyze and interpret geographic information. (H 2.12.3)

1.12.3 Geographic Tools and Technologies: Use appropriate geo- graphic tools and technologies to analyze and interpret Earth's physical and human features. (H 2.12.3)

1.12.4 Map Construction: Construct complex, accurate maps and models from memory to answer questions about the location of human and physical features. (H 2.12.3)

1.12.5 Map Applications: Analyze maps for similarities and differences in purpose, accuracy, content, and design. (H 2.12.5)

1.12.6 Map Analysis: Apply concepts and models of spatial organization to make decisions about geographic information.

NV.2.0. Geography: Places and Regions-Students understand the physical and human features and cultural characteristics of places and use this information to define and study regions and their patterns of changes.

2.12.1 Characteristics of Places and Regions: Determine how relationships between humans and the physical environment lead to the development of and connections among places and regions. (H 3.12.3; H 4.12.1; H 4.12.2; H 4.12.5)

2.12.2 Cultural Identity: Explain why places and regions are important to cultural identity and can serve as forces for both unification and fragmentation. (E 3.12.1;E 3.12.2; E 3.12.3; H 4.12.2)

2.12.3 Cultural Perspectives: Compare and contrast the characteristics of places and regions from different points of view. (E 3.12.1; E 3.12.2; E 3.12.3)

2.12.4 Impact of Technology: Determine how technology affects the way cultural groups perceive and use places and regions. (H 3.12.3; H 3.12.4)

2.12.5 History and Region: Analyze selected historical issues and questions using the geographic concept of regions. (H 3.12.3;H 3.12.4; H 4.12.1; H 4.12.2; H 6.12.17)

2.12.6 Patterns of Change: Analyze why places and regions once characterized by one set of criteria may be defined by a different set of criteria today, and evaluate these changes. (H 3.12.3;H 3.12.4; H 4.12.1)

2.12.7 Applying Concepts of Regions: Apply the concept of region to organize and study a geographic issue.

NV.3.0. Geography: Physical Systems-Students understand how physical processes shape Earth's surface patterns and ecosystems.

3.12.1 Physical Systems: Describe and analyze how interactions of the four basic physical systems affect different regions of the United States and the world.

3.12.2 Natural Hazards: Describe the causes and consequences of natural hazards that shape features and patterns on the Earth.

3.12.3 Characteristics of Ecosystems: Analyze the effects of physical and human forces on interdependence within different ecosystems.

3.12.4 Distribution of Ecosystems: Analyze the biodiversity, distribution, and productivity of ecosystems across Earth's surface.

3.12.5 Analysis of Ecosystems: Propose solutions to environmental problems using the concept of ecosystems.

NV.4.0. Geography: Human Systems - Students understand how economic, political, and cultural processes interact to shape patterns of human migration and settlement, influence and interdependence, and conflict and cooperation.

4.12.1 Demographic Concepts: Analyze demographic trends in world population.

4.12.2 Migration and Settlement: Evaluate the impact of migration and settlement on physical and human systems. (H 3.12.3)

4.12.3 Historical Movement of People, Goods, and Ideas: Analyze how history has been affected by the movement of people, goods, and ideas.

4.12.4 Patterns of Human Settlement: Compare the characteristics and patterns of migration and settlement in developing and developed countries.

4.12.5 Economic Systems and Interdependence: Analyze how location and distance connect and influence economic systems at local, national, and international levels. (C 8.12.2; H 3.12.3; H 4.12.5)

4.12.6 Analysis of Economic Issues: Analyze and evaluate international economic issues from a spatial perspective. (E 5.12.6; Ec 9.12.1; H 4.12.5)

4.12.7 Patterns of Human Development: Predict the impact of changes in the level of economic development on the quality of life in developing and developed countries. (Ec 2.12.2; M 5.12.1)

4.12.8 Human Organizations: Evaluate the changes that occur in the size and structure of cultural, political, and economic organizations. (C 4.12.2)

4.12.9 Cooperation and Conflict: Analyze how different cultures, points of view, and self-interests influence cooperation and conflict over territory and resources. (C 5.12.6; C 4.12.3)

4.12.10 International Alliances and Organizations: Describe the forces of cooperation and conflict as they affect the way the world is divided among countries.

NV.5.0. Geography: Environment and Society-Students understand the effects of interactions between human and physical systems and the changes in use, distribution, and importance of resources.

5.12.1 Changes in the Physical Environment: Compare and contrast how changes in the physical environment can increase or diminish its capacity to support human activity. (H 3.12.2; H 4.12.2)

5.12.2 Constraints of the Physical Environment: Evaluate strategies to respond to constraints placed on human systems by the physical environment.

5.12.3 Technology and the Physical Environment: Describe the ways in which technology has affected the human capacity to modify the physical environment and evaluate the possible regional or global impact. (C 4.12.6; C 5.12.6)

5.12.4 Human Modification: Develop possible responses to changes caused by human modification of the physical environment. (C 4.12.6; C 5.12.6)

5.12.5 Effects of Natural Hazards on Human Systems: Analyze human perception of and response to natural hazards.

5.12.6 Earth's Resources: Analyze the patterns of use, the changing distribution, and the relative importance of Earth's resources. (C 5.12.6; H 3.12.3; H 4.12.2; H 4.12.5)

5.12.7 Management of Earth's Resources: Develop policies for the use and management of Earth's resources that consider the various interests involved. (C 4.12.6; C 5.12.6; E 9.12.3)

NV.6.0. Geography: Geographic Applications-Students apply geographic knowledge of people, places, and environments to interpret the past, understand the present, and plan for the future.

6.12.1 Applying Geography in History: Analyze the ways in which physical features and human characteristics of places and regions have influenced the evolution of significant historical events. (C 5.12.6; H 3.12.3; H 4.12.1; H 4.12.2; H 4.12.5)

6.12.2 Applying Geography in Current Events: Relate current events to the physical features and human characteristics of places and regions. (C 5.12.6)

6.12.3 Applying Geography to Contemporary Issues: Analyze a contemporary issue using geographic knowledge, skills, and perspectives. (C 5.12.6; E 4.12.4)

6.12.4 Applying Geography to the Future: Predict possible outcomes and develop future policies for local or regional issues that have spatial dimensions. (C 5.12.6)

NV.7.0. Geography: Geographic Skills: Students ask and answer geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing geographic information.

7.12.1 Ask Geographic Questions: Plan and organize a geographic research project by asking appropriate geographic questions.

7.12.2 Acquire Geographic Information: Locate and acquire a variety of primary and secondary information sources and assess the value of each. (E 11.12.2)

7.12.3 Organize Geographic Information: Use a variety of tools and technologies to select and design appropriate forms of maps, graphs, diagrams, tables, or charts to organize geographic information. (E 11.12.2)

7.12.4 Analyze Geographic Information: Use quantitative methods of analysis to make inferences and draw conclusions from maps and other geographic representations.

7.12.5 Present Geographic Information: Complete a geographic inquiry by applying geographic models, generalizations, and theories to the analysis, interpretation, and presentation of information. (E 10.12.2; H 1.12.2)

NV.1.0. Civics: Rules and Law: Students know why society needs rules, laws, and governments.

1.12.1 Rules and Law: Explain the concept of the rule of law in the establishment of the U.S. Constitution.

1.12.2 Documents: Explain the influence of social contract theory, natural rights philosophy and republicanism in the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the U.S. Constitution. (H 6.12.4; H 6.12.8; H 6.12.3; H 6.12.7)

1.12.3 Documents: Describe the historic influences on early U.S. documents, such as: Greek law, Magna Carta, Iroquois League. (H 6.12.4; H 6.12.7)

1.12.4 Democratic Participation: Analyze the role of citizen participation in U.S. civic life.

1.12.5 The U.S. Constitution and Amendments: Identify and explain changes in the interpretation and application of the U.S. Constitution.

NV.2.0. Civics: The U.S. Government: Students know the United States Constitution and the government it creates.

2.12.1 The U.S. Constitution: Examine the organization of the U.S. Constitution and describe the structure it creates, including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. (H 6.12.4; H 6.12.7)

2.12.2 The Legislative Structure and Process: Describe the creation of laws through the legislative process.

2.12.3 Legislative Powers: Analyze and give examples of the expansion of the national government through the application of the enumerated and implied powers. (Ec 8.12.3; H 6.12.7)

2.12.4 The Executive Branch: Describe the duties of the executive branch, including: Cabinet/departments; regulatory commissions; White House staff

2.12.5 The Judicial Branch: Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system and analyze the power of judicial review. (H 6.12.13)

2.12.6 The Jury System: Explain the importance of the jury process in a democratic society. (H 6.8.8)

2.12.7 Checks and Balances: Analyze the effectiveness of checks and balances in maintaining the equal division of power. (H 6.12.7)

NV.3.0. Civics: National and State Government: Students can explain the relationship between the states and national government.

3.12.1 Division of Powers: Explain the U.S. Constitutional provisions for division of powers between the state and national governments (delegated, reserved, concurrent powers). (H 6.12.7; H 6.12.8)

3.12.2 Federalism: Provide contemporary examples of federalism. (H 6.12.7)

3.12.3 Constitutional Supremacy: Use examples to illustrate the supremacy clause in defining the relationship between state and national governments. (H 6.12.7)

NV.4.0. Civics: The Political Process: Students describe the roles of political parties, interest groups, and public opinion in the democratic process.

4.12.1 Leaders and Elections: Assess the processes by which leaders are selected in the U.S. political system and analyze the role of the electoral college system in the election of the President.

4.12.2 Political Parties: Analyze the roles and function of factions within political parties and the role of parties in public policy and politics. (E 8.12.5; H 6.12.3)

4.12.3 Interest Groups: Evaluate the significance of interest groups in the political process of a democratic society. (Ec 8.12.5; G 4.12.2)

4.12.4 Formation of Public Opinion: Analyze the role that television and other media play in the process of political persuasion. (E 4.12.1; E 4.12.2; E 11.12.2; H 10.12.5)

4.12.5 Propaganda: Evaluate propaganda in both historic and current political communication (E 4.12.4; E 4.12.5; H 9.12.9)

4.12.6 Public Policy: Describe the process by which public policy is formed and carried out. (Ec 8.12.6; E 4.12.1; E 4.12.2; G 5.12.7)

NV.5.0. Civics: Citizenship: Students know the roles, rights, and responsibilities of United States citizens and the symbols of our country.

5.12.1 Citizenship: Examine the rights of citizens and how these rights may be restricted. (H 6.12.13; H 7.12.2; H 7.12.3; H 7.12.13; H 8.12.9; H 9.12. 8)

5.12.2 Citizenship: Examine the responsibilities of U.S. citizens.

5.12.3 Symbols: Explain symbols and documents of a nation and how they represent its identity.

5.12.4 Individual Rights: Describe the development of the Bill of Rights and provide a contemporary application. (H 6.12.8)

5.12.5 Individual Rights: Analyze the United States Constitution and its amendments in protecting individual rights, including the Fourteenth Amendment's provisions for due process and equal protection. (H 7.8.1)

5.12.6 Conflict and Resolution: Identify major conflicts in social, political, and economic life and analyze the role of compromise in the resolution of these issues. (G 4.12.9; G 6.12.2; H 8.12.7; H 9.12.1; H 9.12.8)

5.12.7 The Supreme Court and Individual Rights Cases: Describe the role of the United States Supreme Court as guardian of individual rights through the examination of landmark cases, including: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka; Gideon v. Wainwright; Miranda v. Arizona; Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (H 9.12.8)

NV.6.0. Civics: State and Local Government: Students know the structure and functions of state and local governments.

6.12.1 Structure of State, Local, and Tribal Government: Explain the structure and function of state and local governments.

6.12.2 Structure of State, Local, and Tribal Government: Describe the unique role of tribal governments within the United States. (H 7.12.3)

6.12.3 Structure of State, Local, and Tribal Government: Compare and contrast the structure of the Nevada and United States Constitutions.

6.12.4 Court Systems: Describe the differences between the local, state, and federal court systems.

NV.7.0. Civics: Political and Economic Systems: Students explain the different political and economic systems in the world.

7.12.1 Comparative Political Systems: Summarize and evaluate the significant characteristics of the world's major political systems, including: monarchy; totalitarian dictatorship; presidential system; parliamentary system ; communism (H 5.12.2; H 7.12.17; H 7.12.18; H 8.8.1)

7.12.2 Comparative Economic Systems: Define and analyze the major economic systems of the world, including: capitalism; mixed economy; socialism; command economy (Ec 9.12.3; H 6.12.12)

NV.8.0. Civics: International Relations: Students know the political and economic relationship of the United States and its citizens to other nations.

8.12.1 From Individual to the World: Analyze the conflict between U.S. policies of isolationism versus intervention in world affairs. (H 7.12.14; H 8.12.7; H 9.12.1)

8.12.2 Foreign Policy: Identify and analyze the effectiveness of U.S. foreign policy in dealing with international problems and concerns including: diplomacy; economic policy; humanitarian aid; military intervention

8.12.3 International Organizations: Critique the role of international organizations, such as the United Nations and non-governmental organizations, in world affairs. (H 8.12.7)

NV.1.0. History: Chronology: Students use chronology to organize and understand the sequence and relationship of events.

1.12.1 Current Events: Analyze and develop a position on a current event. (E 10.12.4)

1.12.2 Chronology: Explain the sequence and relationship of events on a tiered time line. (G 7.12.5)

NV.2.0. History: History Skills: Students will use social studies vocabulary and concepts to engage in inquiry, in research, in analysis, and in decision making.

2.12.1 Inquiry: Frame and evaluate historical questions from multiple viewpoints. (E 4.12.3; E 11.12.1)

2.12.2 Research and Analysis: Integrate, analyze, and organize historical information from a variety of sources. (E 4.12.3; E 4.12.5; E 11.12.2; E 11.12.5)

2.12.3 Informational Tools: Analyze and interpret historical content from informational tools, including: charts; diagrams; graphs; maps; political cartoons; photographs; tables. (G 1.12.1; G 1.12.2; G 1.12.3; G 1.12.4 )

NV.3.0. History: Prehistory to 400 CE: Students understand the development of human societies, civilizations, and empires through 400 CE.

3.12.1 World, United States, and Nevada: Identify and describe the characteristics of pre-agricultural societies.

3.12.2 World: Describe technological innovations of early agricultural societies, including: development of agriculture; domestication of animals; development of permanent communities.

3.12.3 World: Explain and demonstrate how geography influenced the political, social, and economic growth of ancient classical civilizations, including: Africa; China; Greece; India; Mesopotamia; Rome. (G 2.12.1; G 2.12.5; G 2.12.6; G 4.12.3; G 5.12.1; G 6.12.1)

3.12.4 World: Describe the unique political, economic, religious, social, technological, and cultural contributions of ancient and classical civilizations, including: Africa; the Americas; China; Greece; Hebrew kingdoms; India; Mesopotamia; Phoenicia; Rome. (C 1.12.3; G 2.12.4; G 2.12.5)

NV.4.0. History: 1 CE to 1400: Students understand the characteristics, ideas, and significance of civilizations and religions from 1 CE to 1400.

4.12.1 World: Locate and describe civilizations in terms of geography, social structure, religion, political systems, and contributions, including: African; Byzantine; Chinese; Indian; Japanese; Scandinavian. (G 2.12.1; G 2.12.5; G 6.12.1)

4.12.2 World: Describe the characteristics of the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan civilizations, including: contributions; geography; political systems; religion; social structure. (G 2.12.1; G 2.12.2; G 2.12.5; G 5.12.1; G 5.12.6; G 6.12.1)

4.12.3 World: Describe the origin, traditions, customs, and spread of western and eastern world religions, including: Buddhism; Christianity; Hinduism; Islam; Judaism.

4.12.4 World: Describe the characteristics of European feudalism.

4.12.5 World: Describe the rise of commercial trading centers and their effects on social, political, and economic institutions. (G 2.12.1; G 4.12.3; G 6.12.1)

NV.5.0. History: 1200 to 1750: Students understand the impact of the interaction of peoples, cultures, and ideas from 1200 to 1750.

5.12.1 World: Examine the impact of technological, mathematical, cultural, and artistic developments of the Renaissance.

5.12.2 World: Explain the development of European hereditary monarchies and their effects on: centralized government; commerce and trade; religion. (C 7.12.1)

5.12.3 World and United States: Explain the causes of the Reformation and its effects in Europe and the Americas.

5.12.4 World: Identify the influence of the Enlightenment on the Western World, including: fine arts; government; literature; philosophy; science. (G 2.5.3; G 2.5.6; G 4.5.8)

5.12.6 United States and Nevada: Compare common elements of Native North American societies, including: Communication; economic systems; housing; political systems; social systems; traditions.

5.12.7 World and United States: Examine the roles of nationalism, economics, and religious rivalries in the Age of Exploration.

5.12.8 World and United States: Analyze interactions among Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans.

5.12.9 World and United States: Analyze how the interactions among Native Americans, Africans, Europeans, and their descendants resulted in unique American economic, social, and political institutions.

5.12.10 World and United States: Describe the similarities and differences of European colonial communities in North America in terms of politics, religion, language, economics, and social customs.

5.12.11 United States: Compare and contrast life in the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies.

5.12.12 World and United States: Explain the impact of world commerce, including the African slave trade on Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

5.12.13 World: Describe the contributions and social, political, and economic characteristics of African, Chinese, Indian, and Japanese civilizations.

5.12.14 World: Describe how Islamic empires were a link between Africa, Europe, and Asia.

NV.6.0. History: 1700 to 1865: Students understand the people, events, ideas, and conflicts that led to the creation of new nations and distinctive cultures.

6.12.1 World and United States: Explain the causes and results of the Industrial Revolution. (Ec 6.12.3; Ec 6.12.5; Ec 7.12.1; Ec 7.12.2; Ec 7.12.4; Ec 7.12.5)

6.12.2 World and United States: Describe the causes and effects of wars with Europeans, including the French and Indian War.

6.12.3 United States: Explain the political and economic causes and effects of the American Revolution. (C 1.12.2)

6.12.4 United States: Describe the ideas of John Locke, Thomas Paine, and Thomas Jefferson and their influences on the American Revolution and the formation of the United States.

6.12.5 United States: Describe the events, course, and results of the American Revolutionary War, including the contributions of African Americans and Native Americans.

6.12.6 United States: Explain the issues of the Confederation period, including: war debts and finance; western land; trade; taxation. (Ec 6.12.1)

6.12.7 United States: Describe the Constitution's underlying principles, including: checks and balances; federalism; limited government; popular sovereignty; separation of powers. (C 1.12.1; C 1.12.2; C 1.12.3; C 2.12.1; C 2.12.3; C 3.12.1; C 3.12.2; C 3.12 3)

6.12.8 United States: Describe the issues involved in the ratification of the Constitution, including: main ideas of The Federalist Papers; main ideas of the Anti-Federalists; the Bill of Rights. (C 1.12.2; C 3.12.1; C 5.12.4)

6.12.9 World and United States: Describe the influence of the American Revolution on Europe and the Americas.

6.12.10 World: Discuss the political events, people, and ideas that influenced European politics, including: Napoleon; Metternich; Marx; Congress of Vienna. (Ec 8.12.3)

6.12.11 World: Describe achievements in European fine arts and literature. (E 3.12.1; E 3.12.2; E 3.12.3)

6.12.12 World and United States: Describe the rise of national economies, the emergence of capitalism, and the free market economy. (C 7.12.2; Ec 6.12.1; Ec 6.12.2 Ec 7.12.3; Ec 9.12.1;Ec 9.12.3)

6.12.13 United States: Explain issues, events, and the roles of key people related to the development of United States political institutions, including: Washington's administration: The Marshall Court; judicial review; extension of suffrage; political parties. (C 2.12.5; C 4.12.2; C 5.12.1)

6.12.14 United States: Explain issues, events, and the roles of key individuals associated with the development of a national economic identity and foreign policy, including: development of the factory system and impacts of significant inventions such as the cotton gin and interchangeable parts; territorial, trade, & shipping issues with Great Britain; War of 1812; the creation of a national transportation system; Monroe Doctrine; growth and impact of immigration. (Ec 6.12.3; Ec 9.12.1; Ec 9.12.2; Ec 9.12.3)

6.12.15 United States: Describe the social reform and religious movements of antebellum United States which attempted to enhance life, including: education reform; prison and mental health reform; religious revival; Utopian movement; women's rights.

6.12.16 United States: Describe the contributions in language, literature, art, and music that led to the development of an emerging culture in the United States, including: Stephen Foster; Nathaniel Hawthorne; Hudson River School of Art; Henry David Thoreau.

6.12.17 United States and Nevada: Explain the issue of Manifest Destiny and the events related to the expansion of the United States, including: Louisiana Purchase; removal of the Eastern tribes; Oregon and California Trails; Mexican War and Mexican War acquisitions; California Gold Rush; Homestead Act. (G 2.12.5; G 4.12.3)

6.12.20 United States: Explain abolitionism and describe the importance of abolitionists and slave revolts, including: John Brown; Frederick Douglass; William Lloyd Garrison; Harriet Beecher Stowe; Nat Turner.

6.12.21 United States: Describe the causes, key people, events, and outcome of the Civil War, including: states' rights and slavery; election of 1860; Frederick Douglass/ African American troops; President Lincoln; Emancipation Proclamation; Antietam, Vicksburg and Gettysburg; Gettysburg Address; Generals Grant and Lee.

NV.7.0. History: 1860 to 1920: Students understand the importance and impact of political, economic, and social ideas.

7.12.1 United States: Summarize the successes and failures of the Reconstruction period.

7.12.2 United States: Describe the key people and significant issues concerning African American rights, including: Booker T. Washington & the Tuskegee Institute; Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws; Plessy v. Ferguson; W.E.B. DuBois and the NAACP; Ida B. Wells and the NACW. (C 5.12.1)

7.12.3 United States: Describe federal policy toward Native Americans including: Dawes Act/Indian Reorganization Act of 1934; Indian Boarding Schools; Indian Citizenship Act of 1924; Plains Wars; reservation system. (C 5.12.1; C 6.12.2)

7.12.5 United States and Nevada: Describe the role of farming, railroads, mining in the settlement of the West. (Ec 6.12.3)

7.12.6 United States: Describe the causes, issues, and effects of the Populist Movement.

7.12.7 United States: Describe the effect of industrial technology innovations and urbanization on United States social and economic development. (Ec 6.12.3; Ec 6.12.6; Ec 7.12.1)

7.12.8 United States: Describe the development of corporate capitalism, including: J.P. Morgan; mass production; vertical and horizontal integration/consolidation. (Ec 1.12.2; Ec 4.12.2; Ec 4.12.3; Ec 6.12.2; Ec 7.12.2)

7.12.9 Nevada and United States: Examine the motivations for groups coming to the United States and describe their contributions to United States society.

7.12.10 United States: Describe nativism and explain the response to immigration into the United States. (C 5.12.6)

7.12.11 United States and Nevada: Explain the origins and issues involved in the labor movement. (Ec 1.12.4; Ec 4.12.2; Ec 6.12.5)

7.12.12 United States: Describe the development and impact of the Progressive Movement, including: government reform; Prohibition; 'trust busting'.

7.12.13 United States: Describe the development of the women's suffrage movement and the passage of the 19th Amendment. (C 5.12.1)

7.12.14 World and United States: Discuss the causes, characteristics, and consequences of United States expansion and diplomacy, including: Alaska; Hawaii; Open Door Policy; Spanish-American War; Panama Canal; T. Roosevelt's foreign policy; Dollar Diplomacy.

7.12.15 World and United States: Explain the causes and effects of the Mexican Revolution of 1911.

7.12.16 World: Discuss the causes, characteristics, and consequences of European and Japanese expansion.

7.12.17 World and United States: Describe the causes, course, character, and effects of World War I, including: imperialism; arms race and alliances; nationalism; weapons/tactics; Fourteen Points; Treaty of Versailles.

7.12.18 World: Describe the causes and effects of the Russian Revolution: Romanovs; Lenin; Bolsheviks; Russian Civil War. (C 7.12.1)

7.12.20 World and United States: Explain how fine arts, literature, and leisure activities were a reflection of the time. (E3.12.1; E 3.12.2; E 3.12.3)

NV.8.0. History: The Twentieth Century, a Changing World: 1920 to 1945: Students understand the importance and effect of political, economic, technological, and social changes in the world from 1920 to 1945.

8.12.1 World: Describe the rise of totalitarian societies in Europe, Asia, and Latin America. (C 7.12.1)

8.12.2 World and United States: Discuss the effects on society of new technologies of this era, including: communication; transportation; manufacturing. (Ec 6.12.3)

8.12.3 United States: Examine social tensions in the postwar era, including: radical politics; immigration restrictions; religious fundamentalism; racism.

8.12.4 United States: Describe how cultural developments in the arts, education, media, and leisure activities reflected and changed United States society. (E 3.12.1; E 3.12.2; E 3.12.3)

8.12.5 United States and Nevada: Describe the causes of the Great Depression and the policies and programs of the New Deal and their effects on social, political, economic, and diplomatic institutions.

8.12.6 World, United States, and Nevada: Describe the causes, course, character, and effects of World War II, including: legacy of WWI; campaigns and strategies; atomic bomb; significant military, political, and scientific leaders; the Big Four; United Nations; U.S. changing world status; war crimes trials. (Ec 2.12.3; Ec 2.12.6; Ec 2.12.7; Ec 6.12.5; Ec 7.12.1; Ec 7.12.3; Ec 8.12.1; Ec 8.12.3; Ec 8.12.6)

8.12.7 World and United States: Describe the causes, course, and effects of the Holocaust, including: 'Aryan supremacy', Nuremburg Laws; Kristallnacht; 'Final Solution'; concentration and death camps; creation of Israel. (C 8.12.1; C 8.12.3)

8.12.8 United States and Nevada: Analyze the effects of WWII on the homefront in the United States, including: internment camps; technologies; economic developments; propaganda; women/minority contributions; GI Bill. (C 5.12; C 5.12.1; Ec 6.12.5; Ec 8.12.6; Ec 6.12.5; Ec 8.12.6)

NV.9.0. History: The Twentieth Century, a Changing World: 1945 to 1990: Students understand the shift of international relationships and power as well as the significant developments in American culture.

9.12.1 World and United States: Describe the causes and effects of the Cold War, including: Europe: Marshall Plan, Berlin, NATO; Middle East: Egypt, Israel, Afghanistan; Asia: Japan, China, Korea, Vietnam; Americas: Cuba, United States. (C 8.12.1)

9.12.2 United States: Describe the effects of the Cold War on the United States, including: arms race and nuclear testing; McCarthyism; space race; Cuban Missile Crisis. (C 8.12.1)

9.12.3 World and United States: Describe the cause, course, and character of the Korean War, including: United Nations Security Council; Pusan Perimeter; General MacArthur; Inchon; Yalu River; 38th Parallel.

9.12.4 World: Explain how and why African and Asian peoples achieved independence from colonial rule.

9.12.5 World and United States: Analyze how postwar science and technology augmented United States economic strength, transformed daily life, and influenced the world economy and politics. (Ec 6.12.3; Ec 7.12.2; Ec 7.12.5)

9.12.6 United States: Describe the causes and effects of changing demographics and developing suburbanization in the United States. (Ec 6.12.5)

9.12.8 World, United States, and Nevada: Describe the major issues, events, and key people of the Civil Rights and minority rights movements, including: Black Power Movement; United Farm Workers; American Indian Movement; Viva La Raza; Women's Rights Movement; Americans with Disabilities Act; Civil Rights Act of 1964. (C 5.12.1; C 5.12.6; C 5.12.7)

9.12.9 World and United States: Describe the causes, course, character, and effects of the Vietnam war, including: Ho Chi Minh; Dien Bien Phu; Ngo Dinh Diem; Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; draft and lottery; Tet Offensive; anti-war movement; Paris Peace Accord; POWs and MIAs; Imperialism. (C 4.12.5)

9.12.10 United States: Describe the changes in United States political culture, including: the role of the media; the role of women and minorities; Watergate; Iranian hostage crisis; Iran-contra affair; Grenada and Panama.

9.12.11 World and United States: Describe how international policies contributed to the end of the Cold War, including: recognition of China; detente; disarmament treaties; 'Star Wars' (SDI); solidarity. (C 5.12.6)

9.12.12 United States and World: Describe the geopolitical changes in the world due to the disintegration of the USSR.

9.12.14 United States: Summarize the influence of art, music, literature, and the media on United States society. (E 3.12.1; E 3.12.2; E 3.12.3)

NV.10.0. History: New Challenges, 1990 to the Present: Students understand the political, economic, social, and technological issues challenging the world as it approaches and enters the new millennium.

10.12.1 World and United States: Identify and explain the implications of scientific and technological achievements, including: personal computers; Internet; Satellites; Biotechnology.

10.12.2 World and United States: Describe the regional and global effects of political and economic alliances. (Ec 9.12.1; Ec 9.12.2)

10.12.3 World, United States, and Nevada: Describe how global issues affect nations differently, including: human rights; the environment; world and U.S. regional conflicts; medical concerns.

10.12.4 World and United States: Explain the causes and effects of the Persian Gulf War, including: Kuwait invasion; world oil supply; changing alliances.

10.12.5 United States: Describe the changing political climate in the United States, including: the role of the media; the Clinton impeachment.

10.12.6 World and United States: Explain how literature, music, and the visual arts are reflections of the time. (E 3.12.1; E 3.12.2; E 3.12.3)