Montana State Standards for Mathematics: Kindergarten
MT.1. Number Sense and Operation: A student, applying reasoning and problem solving, will use number sense and operations to represent numbers in multiple ways, understand relationships among numbers and number systems, make reasonable estimates, and compute fluently within a variety of relevant cultural contexts, including those of Montana American Indians.
1.1 Whole Number Relationships: Demonstrate relationships among whole numbers; identify place value up to 100,000 and compare numbers (e.g., greater than, less than, and equal to).
1.2 Estimation and Operations: Estimate sums, differences, products, and quotients when solving problems. Add, subtract, multiply (three-digit by two-digit factors), and divide (two-digit dividends by one-digit divisors) to solve problems. Demonstrate fluency with basic facts.
1.3 Whole Number Concepts: Develop multiplication and division concepts, apply number and operation models and strategies, and reason and justify using properties of operations.
1.4 Common Fractions and Decimals: Identify and model common fractions such as, tenths, fourths, thirds, and halves; and decimals such as money and place value to 0.001; and recognize and compare equivalent representations.
1.5 Length, Time, and Temperature: Select and apply appropriate standard units and tools to measure length, time, and temperature within relevant scientific and cultural situations, including those of Montana American Indians.
MT.2. Data Analysis: A student, applying reasoning and problem solving, will use data representation and analysis, simulations, probability, statistics, and statistical methods to evaluate information and make informed decisions within a variety of relevant cultural contexts, including those of Montana American Indians.
2.1 Representing Data: Collect, represent, and organize data in tables, dot plots, bar graphs, pictographs, and stem and leaf plots using technology when appropriate.
2.2 Evaluating Data: Solve problems and make decisions using data descriptors such as minimum, maximum, median, and mode within scientific and cultural contexts, including those of Montana American Indians.
2.3 Likelihood of Events: Describe events from multicultural contexts, including those of Montana American Indians, as likely or unlikely and discuss the degree of likelihood using words such as certain, equally likely, and impossible.
MT.3. Geometric Reasoning: A student, applying reasoning and problem solving, will understand geometric properties, spatial relationships, and transformation of shapes, and will use spatial reasoning and geometric models to analyze mathematical situations within a variety of relevant cultural contexts, including those of Montana American Indians.
3.1 Two-Dimensional Attributes: Describe, compare, and analyze attributes of two-dimensional shapes.
3.2 Three-Dimensional Attributes: Describe attributes of three-dimensional shapes such as cubes and other rectangular prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones, and spheres.
3.3 Basic Transformations: Use spatial reasoning to identify slides and flips of congruent figures within artistic and cultural contexts, including those of Montana American Indians.
3.4 Linear Measurement: Estimate and measure linear attributes of objects in metric units such as centimeters and meters and customary units such as inch, foot, and yard.
3.5 Area and Perimeter: Define and determine area and perimeter of common polygons using concrete tools such as grid paper, objects, or technology and justify the strategy used.
MT.4. Algebraic and Functional Reasoning: A student, applying reasoning and problem solving, will use algebraic concepts and procedures to understand processes involving number, operation, and variables and will use procedures and function concepts to model the quantitative and functional relationships that describe change within a variety of relevant cultural contexts, including those of Montana American Indians.
4.1 Patterns and Relations: Describe, extend, and make generalizations about geometric or numeric patterns.
4.2 Symbols and Expressions: Use letters, boxes, or symbols to represent numbers in simple expressions or equations to demonstrate a basic understanding of variables.
4.3 Properties of Number and Operation: Use number patterns to investigate properties of numbers such as even or odd and properties of operations such as commutative, associative, distributive, and the multiplicative and additive identities.
4.4 Equivalent Expressions: Develop an understanding of equivalence by expressing numbers, measures, and numerical expressions involving operations in a variety of ways.
4.5 Numerical Modeling with Manipulatives: Model problem situations with manipulatives or technology and use multiple representations such as words, pictures, tables, or graphs to draw conclusions using cultural contexts, including those of Montana American Indians.