Alaska State Standards for Social Studies: Grade 4

AK.A. Geography: A student should be able to make and use maps, globes, and graphs to gather, analyze, and report spatial (geographic) information. A student who meets the content standard should:

A.1. Use maps and globes to locate places and regions. 17
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.1.

A.2. Make maps, globes, and graphs. 17
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.2.

A.3. Understand how and why maps are changing documents. 17
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.3.

A.4. Use graphic tools and technologies to depict and interpret the world's human and physical systems. 28
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.4.

A.5. Evaluate the importance of the locations of human and physical features in interpreting geographic patterns. 21
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.5.

A.6. Use spatial (geographic) tools and technologies to analyze and develop explanations and solutions to geographic problems. 28
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.6.

AK.B. Geography: A student should be able to utilize, analyze, and explain information about the human and physical features of places and regions. A student who meets the content standard should:

B.1. Know that places have distinctive geographic characteristics. 13
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.1.

B.2. Analyze how places are formed, identified, named, and characterized. 18
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.2.

B.3. Relate how people create similarities and differences among places. 22
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.3.

B.4. Discuss how and why groups and individuals identify with places. 22
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.4.

B.5. Describe and demonstrate how places and regions serve as cultural symbols, such as the Statue of Liberty. 12
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.5.

B.6. Make informed decisions about where to live, work, travel, and seek opportunities. 14
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.6.

B.7. Understand that a region is a distinct area defined by one or more cultural or physical features. 16
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.7.

B.8. Compare, contrast, and predict how places and regions change with time. 23
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.8.

AK.C. Geography: A student should understand the dynamic and interactive natural forces that shape the earth's environments. A student who meets the content standard should:

C.1. Analyze the operation of the earth's physical systems, including ecosystems, climate systems, erosion systems, the water cycle, and tectonics. 23
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard C.1.

C.2. Distinguish the functions, forces, and dynamics of the physical processes that cause variations in natural regions. 6
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard C.2.

C.3. Recognize the concepts used in studying environments and recognize the diversity and productivity of different regional environments. 16
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard C.3.

AK.D. Geography: A student should understand and be able to interpret spatial (geographic) characteristics of human systems, including migration, movement, interactions of cultures, economic activities, settlement patterns, and political units in the state, nation, and world. A student who meets the content standard should:

D.1. Know that the need for people to exchange goods, services, and ideas creates population centers, cultural interaction, and transportation and communication links. 31
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard D.1.

D.2. Explain how and why human networks, including networks for communications and for transportation of people and goods, are linked globally. 33
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard D.2.

D.3. Interpret population characteristics and distributions. 7
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard D.3.

D.4. Analyze how changes in technology, transportation, and communication impact social, cultural, economic, and political activity. 9
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard D.4.

D.5. Analyze how conflict and cooperation shape social, economic, and political use of space. 9
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard D.5.

AK.E. Geography: A student should understand and be able to evaluate how humans and physical environments interact. A student who meets the content standard should:

E.1. Understand how resources have been developed and used. 20
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard E.1.

E.2. Recognize and assess local, regional, and global patterns of resource use. 14
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard E.2.

E.3. Understand the varying capacities of physical systems, such as watersheds, to support human activity. 24
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard E.3.

E.4. Determine the influence of human perceptions on resource utilization and the environment. 19
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard E.4.

E.5. Analyze the consequences of human modification of the environment and evaluate the changing landscape. 31
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard E.5.

E.6. Evaluate the impact of physical hazards on human systems. 12
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard E.6.

AK.F. Geography: A student should be able to use geography to understand the world by interpreting the past, knowing the present, and preparing for the future. A student who meets the content standard should:

F.1. Analyze and evaluate the impact of physical and human geographical factors on major historical events. 25
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard F.1.

F.2. Compare, contrast, and predict how places and regions change with time. 16
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard F.2.

F.3. Analyze resource management practices to assess their impact on future environmental quality. 18
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard F.3.

F.4. Interpret demographic trends to project future changes and impacts on human environmental systems. 30
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard F.4.

F.5. Examine the impacts of global changes on human activity. 23
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard F.5.

F.6. Utilize geographic knowledge and skills to support interdisciplinary learning and build competencies required of citizens. 17
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard F.6.

AK.A. Government and Citizenship: A student should know and understand how societies define authority, rights, and responsibilities through a governmental process. A student who meets the content standard should:

A.1. Understand the necessity and purpose of government. 15
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.1.

A.2. Understand the meaning of fundamental ideas, including equality, authority, power, freedom, justice, privacy, property, responsibility, and sovereignty. 10
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.2.

A.3. Understand how nations organize their governments. 14
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.3.

A.4. Compare and contrast how different societies have governed themselves over time and in different places. 18
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.4.

AK.B. Government and Citizenship: A student should understand the constitutional foundations of the American political system and the democratic ideals of this nation. A student who meets the content standard should:

B.1. Understand the ideals of this nation as expressed in the Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. 13
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.1.

B.2. Recognize American heritage and culture, including the republican form of government, capitalism, free enterprise system, patriotism, strong family units, and freedom of religion. 21
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.2.

B.3. Understand the United States Constitution, including separation of powers, the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, majority rule, and minority rights. 15
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.3.

B.4. Know how power is shared in the United States' constitutional government at the federal, state, and local levels. 12
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.4.

B.5. Understand the importance of individuals, public opinion, media, political parties, associations, and groups in forming and carrying out public policy. 7
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.5.

B.6. Recognize the significance of diversity in the American political system. 11
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.6.

B.7. Distinguish between constitution-based ideals and the reality of American political and social life. 22
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.7.

B.8. Understand the place of law in the American political system. 12
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.8.

B.9. Recognize the role of dissent in the American political system. 14
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.9.

AK.C. Government and Citizenship: A student should understand the character of government of the state. A student who meets the content standard should:

C.1. Understand the various forms of the state's local governments and the agencies and commissions that influence students' lives and property. 7
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard C.1.

C.2. Accept responsibility for protecting and enhancing the quality of life in the state through the political and governmental processes. 11
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard C.2.

C.3. Understand the Constitution of Alaska and sec. 4 of the Alaska Statehood Act, which is known as the Statehood Compact. 2
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard C.3.

C.4. Understand the importance of the historical and current roles of Alaska Native communities. 5
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard C.4.

C.5. Understand the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act and its impact on the state. 2
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard C.5.

C.6. Understand the importance of the multicultural nature of the state. 6
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard C.6.

C.7. Understand the obligations that land and resource ownership place on the residents and government of the state. 2
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard C.7.

C.8. Identify the roles of and relationships among the federal, tribal, and state governments and understand the responsibilities and limits of the roles and relationships. 12
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard C.8.

AK.D. Government and Citizenship: A student should understand the role of the United States in international affairs. A student who meets the content standard should:

D.1. Analyze how domestic politics, the principles of the United States Constitution, foreign policy, and economics affect relations with other countries. 10
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard D.1.

D.2. Evaluate circumstances in which the United States has politically influenced other nations and how other nations have influenced the politics and society of the United States. 10
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard D.2.

D.3. Understand how national politics and international affairs are interrelated with the politics and interests of the state. 10
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard D.3.

D.4. Understand the purpose and function of international government and non-governmental organizations in the world today. 4
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard D.4.

D.5. Analyze the causes, consequences, and possible solutions to current international issues. 3
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard D.5.

AK.E. Government and Citizenship: A student should have the knowledge and skills necessary to participate effectively as an informed and responsible citizen. A student who meets the content standard should:

E.1. Know the important characteristics of citizenship. 7
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard E.1.

E.2. Recognize that it is important for citizens to fulfill their public responsibilities. 11
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard E.2.

E.3. Exercise political participation by discussing public issues, building consensus, becoming involved in political parties and political campaigns, and voting. 21
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard E.3.

E.4. Establish, explain, and apply criteria useful in evaluating rules and laws. 5
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard E.4.

E.5. Establish, explain, and apply criteria useful in selecting political leaders. 12
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard E.5.

E.6. Recognize the value of community service. 9
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard E.6.

E.7. Implement ways of solving problems and resolving conflict. 1
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard E.7.

AK.F. Government and Citizenship: A student should understand the economies of the United States and the state and their relationships to the global economy. A student who meets the content standard should:

F.1. Understand how the government and the economy interrelate through regulations, incentives, and taxation. 11
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard F.1.

F.2. Be aware that economic systems determine how resources are used to produce and distribute goods and services. 6
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard F.2.

F.3. Compare alternative economic systems. 3
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard F.3.

F.4. Understand the role of price in resource allocation. 2
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard F.4.

F.5. Understand the basic concepts of supply and demand, the market system, and profit. 3
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard F.5.

F.6. Understand the role of economic institutions in the United States, including the Federal Reserve Board, trade unions, banks, investors, and the stock market. 3
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard F.6.

F.7. Understand the role of self-interest, incentives, property rights, competition, and corporate responsibility in the market economy. 6
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard F.7.

F.8. Understand the indicators of an economy's performance, including gross domestic product, inflation, and the unemployment rate. 9
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard F.8.

F.9. Understand those features of the economy of the state that make it unique, including the importance of natural resources, government ownership and management of resources, Alaska Native regional corporations, the Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation, the Alaska Housing Finance Corporation, and the Alaska Industrial Development and Export Authority. 2
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard F.9.

F.10. Understand how international trade works. 5
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard F.10.

AK.G. Government and Citizenship: A student should understand the impact of economic choices and participate effectively in the local, state, national, and global economies. A student who meets the content standard should:

G.1. Apply economic principles to actual world situations. 9
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard G.1.

G.2. Understand that choices are made because resources are scarce. 8
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard G.2.

G.3. Identify and compare the costs and benefits when making choices. 7
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard G.3.

G.4. Make informed choices on economic issues. 2
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard G.4.

G.5. Understand how jobs are created and their role in the economy. 25
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard G.5.

G.6. Understand that wages and productivity depend on investment in physical and human capital. 13
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard G.6.

G.7. Understand that economic choices influence public and private institutional decisions. 7
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard G.7.

AK.A. History: A student should understand that history is a record of human experiences that links the past to the present and the future. A student who meets the content standard should:

A.1. Understand chronological frameworks for organizing historical thought and place significant ideas, institutions, people, and events within time sequences. 32
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.1.

A.2. Know that the interpretation of history may change as new evidence is discovered. 17
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.2.

A.3. Recognize different theories of history, detect the weakness of broad generalization, and evaluate the debates of historians. 9
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.3.

A.4. Understand that history relies on the interpretation of evidence. 24
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.4.

A.5. Understand that history is a narrative told in many voices and expresses various perspectives of historical experience. 6
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.5.

A.6. Know that cultural elements, including language, literature, the arts, customs, and belief systems, reflect the ideas and attitudes of a specific time and know how the cultural elements influence human interaction. 23
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.6.

A.7. Understand that history is dynamic and composed of key turning points. 37
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.7.

A.8. Know that history is a bridge to understanding groups of people and an individual's relationship to society. 37
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.8.

A.9. Understand that history is a fundamental connection that unifies all fields of human understanding and endeavor. 37
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard A.9.

AK.B. History: A student should understand historical themes through factual knowledge of time, places, ideas, institutions, cultures, people, and events. A student who meets the content standard should:

B.1. Comprehend the forces of change and continuity that shape human history through the following persistent organizing themes:

B.1.1. The development of culture, the emergence of civilizations, and the accomplishments and mistakes of social organizations. 29
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.1.1.

B.1.2. Human communities and their relationships with climate, subsistence base, resources, geography, and technology. 17
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.1.2.

B.1.3. The origin and impact of ideologies, religions, and institutions upon human societies. 23
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.1.3.

B.1.4. The consequences of peace and violent conflict to societies and their cultures. 10
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.1.4.

B.1.5. Major developments in societies as well as changing patterns related to class, ethnicity, race, and gender. 10
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.1.5.

B.2. Understand the people and the political, geographic, economic, cultural, social, and environmental events that have shaped the history of the state, the United States, and the world. 21
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.2.

B.3. Recognize that historical understanding is relevant and valuable in the student's life and for participating in local, state, national, and global communities. 22
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.3.

B.4. Recognize the importance of time, ideas, institutions, people, places, cultures, and events in understanding large historical patterns. 14
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.4.

B.5. Evaluate the influence of context upon historical understanding. 8
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard B.5.

AK.C. History: A student should develop the skills and processes of historical inquiry. A student who meets the content standard should:

C.1. Use appropriate technology to access, retrieve, organize, and present historical information. 28
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard C.1.

C.2. Use historical data from a variety of primary resources, including letters, diaries, oral accounts, archeological sites and artifacts, art, maps, photos, historical sites, documents, and secondary research materials, including almanacs, books, indices, and newspapers. 15
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard C.2.

C.3. Apply thinking skills, including classifying, interpreting, analyzing, summarizing, synthesizing, and evaluating, to understand the historical record. 10
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard C.3.

C.4. Use historical perspective to solve problems, make decisions, and understand other traditions. 8
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard C.4.

AK.D. History: A student should be able to integrate historical knowledge with historical skill to effectively participate as a citizen and as a lifelong learner. A student who meets the content standard should:

D.1. Understand that the student is important in history. 8
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard D.1.

D.2. Solve problems by using history to identify issues and problems, generate potential solutions, assess the merits of options, act, and evaluate the effectiveness of actions. 10
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard D.2.

D.3. Define a personal position on issues while understanding the historical aspects of the positions and roles assumed by others. 11
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard D.3.

D.4. Recognize and demonstrate that various issues may require an understanding of different positions, jobs, and personal roles depending on place, time, and context. 8
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard D.4.

D.5. Base personal citizenship action on reasoned historical judgment with recognition of responsibility for self and others. 9
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard D.5.

D.6. Create new approaches to issues by incorporating history with other disciplines, including economics, geography, literature, the arts, science, and technology. 8
Suggested Titles for Alaska Social Studies State Standard D.6.